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How bad is the Drake Passage, really? We asked five people who've crossed it

To get to antarctica, you have to cross the infamous drake passage.

A trip to Antarctica is on many travellers’ bucket lists. But an expedition to the icy southern continent comes with its own set of challenges — and we don’t mean choosing which parka to pack. The Drake Passage, the body of water between Cape Horn in South America and the South Shetland Islands in Antarctica, is where the Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern seas converge, and because the currents here meet no resistance from any nearby landmass, they’re some of the choppiest waters in the world. If you’re seasick, this can mean trouble — but if you want to make it to Antarctica, you’ve gotta get through the Drake.

But is it really all that bad? We asked five G Adventures staffers who’ve taken one of our Expedition trips to Antarctica to share their experiences crossing the Drake. Read on to find out what it’s really like:

Hailey Connell, Creative Production Manager:

“Growing up, my family dog was a Dalmatian named Drake. Before the Toronto rapper, there was my Dalmatian — but before my Dalmatian, there was the Drake Passage, the notorious body of water that stretches across 500 miles of unpredictable weather and challenges all who dare cross it. Working at G Adventures, you’re surrounded by lucky people who’ve had the privilege to visit Antarctica. The first question asked when someone returns is usually, ‘How was the Drake?’ When I boarded the ship last March, it was hard not to notice the chained-down dining room furniture and extensive slip-proof material covering almost every surface. I had heard the stories and was ready for a bumpy ride.

However, my experience was, dare I say — fun? I packed plenty of Gravol but found Malbec to be a better treatment. While some of my fellow passengers were sequestered in their rooms, dizzied by motion sickness patches, I was exploring the ship (while keeping one hand free to grab a railing if need be), enjoying delicious food and wine, and watching for whales and albatrosses.

I felt an instant bond with fellow passengers and crew when crossing the Drake. People were affected differently, but there was a sense of comradery and excitement — it was an adventure after all!

My advice: be prepared for the worst, but don’t psych yourself out. Literally go with the flow and keep your eye on the prize — and the horizon — because regardless of how rough the passage, Antarctica is the ultimate reward.”

Leanne Greentree, Private Groups Manager, North America:

“To be completely honest, ours was literally ‘smooth sailing.’ They were calling it the 'Drake Lake' because we didn't have any rough waters to deal with at all — both ways! We were lucky, but to be honest, I was hoping to experience just a little of what everyone was saying would be a wild ride. It did mean we could enjoy the ship and the lectures for the crossing, and not feel ill, which was a good thing.”  

Lyndon File, Customer Experience Manager:

“Crossing the Drake passage is the price of entry for going to the Antarctic. The peace and serenity of the Antarctic is matched by the turbulence and drama of the Drake. They are two sides of the same coin: you don’t get one without the other. The conditions of the Drake are somewhere between bad and terrifying, depending on the weather gods, But worth every moment.”

Kyle Jordan, Media Manager:

“The sea was angry that day, my friends, like an old man trying to send back soup in a deli. I felt like a wet dirty sock in the washing machine on a 36-hour spin cycle. I’ve never been one to fall ill to motion sickness, but this journey home would be a true test of that. Seventy-five percent of my fellow passengers were locked away in their respective cabins, just feet from the safety of their porcelain barf bag. I’d hug my bed — like a long-lost lover — at night, in hopes I wouldn’t end upon the floor. Rather than walk and hold tight to the wall, I’d crawl on all fours to my desired destination. The idea of presenting myself with dignity was a thing of the past; this was about survival. It’s been more than six years since my epic battle with the Drake, one I’ll remember forever.” 

Paul Lai, Marine Operations Specialist:

“If you go by the rule of thumb that it can either be the ‘Drake Lake,’ or the ‘Drake Shake,’ my crossing was somewhere in between. There was some rocking and rolling, but nothing too crazy. I medicated up on motion sickness tablets and got lots of rest during those days on board. Truth be told, my crossing the North Sea from Scotland to Norway was much more turbulent, and that experience made me long for the good times on the Drake! Rough seas can catch you anywhere, and in my opinion the fear of a rough crossing on the Drake should never be a deterrent to any guest considering making what is likely to be a once in a lifetime trip to the most beautiful continent.”

Getting there

Ready to cross the Drake, and step foot on Antarctica? G Adventures can get you there. Check out our Expedition tours to Antarctica here .

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Through the Drake Passage: What It's Like to Cross the World's Roughest Seas

By Cynthia Drescher

January 19, 2015. 12 p.m. At sea, 250 nautical miles north of Port Lockroy, Antarctica

Awoke at the beginning of our voyage north from Antarctica, back across the Drake Passage. It’s beautiful weather with easy waves as we head north towards Cape Horn, but Captain Jason has warned everyone to take their seasickness medication this morning in preparation for a rollicking evening. He wasn’t lying.

Seasoned Antarctic cruisers and cargo vessel crew warn that the Drake Passage has only two temperaments: “the Drake Shake” or “the Drake Lake.” More often than not it’s the former, and ship windows quickly resemble washing machines with the constant froth of high waves.

This global transportation bottleneck some 600 miles wide marks the convergence of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Oceans. Its volatility, where the waves, winds, and currents all seemingly conspire against any intrepid adventurers, is due to the Drake's position as a zone of climactic transition; the Passage divides the the cool, sub-polar conditions of the southernmost bits of South America from the frigid, polar regions of Antarctica. Creeping down the latitudes to reach the most favorable passage, either around the Cape or down to Antarctica, means weathering by turns the "roaring 40s," "furious 50s," and "screaming 60s." Even Charles Darwin, who famously made comprehensive studies of the flora, fauna, and topography of these regions aboard the HMS Beagle in the mid-1800s, was sensationally seasick while rounding Cape Horn.

There are Antarctica trip packages to skip the Drake Passage completely, but it only means trading the unpredictability of the high seas for the lip-biting unpredictability of flying to Antarctica. Still, some travelers choose to fly down and cruise back, praying all the while for a rare trip over the “Drake Lake.”

I chose my voyage, a 16-day itinerary of 4,569 nautical miles, on the Azamara Club Cruises's Azamara Journey, from Buenos Aires to the Falkland islands and Antarctica and back, with the goal of seeing what all the Drake Passage hubbub was about (free from Dramamine).

January 19, 2015. 7 p.m. At sea, Drake Passage

New safety rule during dinner: no eating without holding onto your plate and glass at all times. One needs about eight arms, to then also hold onto the chair and the table as they too slide.

We shouldn’t really even be here. The Azamara Journey is no icebreaker or expedition ship; she’s a 686-passenger cruise ship that spends most of her months rounding Greek Isles, pulling into ports along the coast of Brazil, or tracing the Spice Route through Southeast Asia. A blizzard, through which we sailed during our first day on the Antarctic Peninsula, was the first snow some crew members had ever seen in their lives. That said, a few weeks in January are the height of high season in this part of the world, a brief window of mild weather when a handful of larger ships venture into Antarctica’s straits slushy with “bergy bits,” though not without a local expert pilot on the bridge (ours was ex-Argentine Navy and looked the quintessential salty sea captain). The next stop would be the South American frontier city of Ushuaia, scene of many pre- and post-Drake crossing parties at The Dublin, the local pub frequented by expedition leaders on smaller ships.

January 19, 2015. 11 p.m. At sea, south of Cape Horn

Waves and wind reach Beaufort scale 10 , which is a true Storm with a capital "S." A hurricane is scale 12. Waves are breaking over the bow and crashing up as high as the Looking Glass lounge windows every 5 minutes. I am joined up here by only about 15 others, cheering on the waves and otherwise enjoying the ride. The DJ plays “Rock the Boat” to our little crowd. It’s nearing midnight, and I can no longer see the waves, so every lash is a surprise. It’s time to ride out the Passage in bed when a very large wave whips everything to starboard, claiming the bar’s bottles and glassware as casualties. The legs of my chair break with the jolt; I head below to my cabin while it’s still possible to stand up and walk.

Only 37% of the world’s ocean shipping can fit through the Panama Canal. The rest, “post-Panamax” mega ships built in the knowledge they'd have no chance of squeezing through the Canal, must round Cape Horn and encounter the Drake during their routine voyages. Prior to the Panama Canal, the epically long sea route from New York, down around Cape Horn, and up to the west coast was actually the safest, most trafficked way of reaching Los Angeles or San Francisco. For more than 100 years, the clipper ship Flying Cloud held the record for fastest New York-San Francisco voyage on this route, clocking in at 89 days and eight hours. Today, that oceanic odyssey has been chopped to a simple transcontinental flight of only six hours.

Travelers may be free from having to endure arduous ocean voyages today, but the evolution of transportation to faster, more direct modes has also succeeded in making passage over infamous waters a precious experience, a must for the person who's already been everywhere else. Luckily, the typical cruise to Antarctica gives two chances to enjoy the Drake Passage. "Enjoy" being a relative term, of course.

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Crossing the Drake Passage to Antarctica (How Bad is it?)

• Last Updated: December 12, 2023

What it’s really like crossing the Drake Passage from Ushuaia to Antarctica.

The Drake Passage, the stretch of water between the southernmost tip of South America and the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica has the notorious reputation of being the roughest seas in the world.

For centuries sailors would venture in trepidation through the stormy passage, pushing their ships and skills to the limit.

But is crossing the Drake Passage really as bad as it sounds in today’s climate?

Watch our vlog episode about crossing the Drake Passage

Every year the thousands of tourists that make the passage from South America to Antarctica on expedition and cruise ships are rewarded with one of the most incredible adventures on this planet – a visit to the ‘White Continent’.

For some people the idea of spending two days at sea in potentially rough conditions is enough to deter them from making their journey to Antarctica. Based on our own personal experience, this fear is unwarranted.

Check out our comprehensive list of the most epic  things to do in Antarctica !

We crossed from Ushuaia to the Antarctic Peninsula on a Russian research vessel in 2017, and experienced ‘Beaufort 9’ winds ( on a scale that goes to 12 ). Despite the shaky passage we felt completely safe, even if we did get a little motion sickness.

Since we have returned from Antarctica we have been asked dozens of times, “ What is it like crossing the Drake’s Passage? ” The short answer: Not as bad as you think.

Today the crossing is far less treacherous compared to the early days of exploration, thanks to advanced ship construction and modern satellite and weather monitoring technologies.

It is important to remember that the fearful reputation that the Drake Passage has mainly stems from the dangerous crossings that sailors made in wooden ships, without the aid of GPS and weather forecasts.

Yes, the seas can be rough. And yes, some people get sea sick. But no, it is not scary or dangerous anymore.

After our very successful tour to Antarctica this season, we are going to be running another exclusive adventure down to the Peninsula in 2025, this time crossing the Antarctic Circle! Check out the tour page if you’d like to learn more.

Table of Contents

History of the Drake Passage

Leaving ushuaia, the drake shake, what to do during the crossing, arriving in antarctica, the drake lake, tips for crossing the drake passage.

The history of exploration in the Drake Passage goes back nearly 500 years.

This stretch of sea is where the Southern Ocean surges through an 800km-wide gap between the tip of South America and the Antarctic Peninsula, creating a sometimes turbulent environment.

The Drake Passage is also known as the Mar de Hoces (Sea of Hoces) in Spanish. The English title was named after the British explorer Francis Drake, whose ship was blown south of the Magellan Strait at the bottom of South America in 1578.

It wasn’t until 1616 that the first documented crossing of the Drake Passage was made, when the Dutch vessel Eendracht rounded what later became known as Cape Horn.

Since then the Drake Passage has become infamous with sailors as home to some of the roughest seas in the world, and a badge of honour to be worn for those that have crossed it.

As the narrowest passage connecting Antarctica with the rest of the world (in this case South America), it is the primary route taken by tourist expeditions to visit the southern continent.

Check out our ultimate destination guide all about travel to Antarctica!

Crossing The Drake Passage With One Ocean Expeditions

We crossed the Drake Passage on the Akademik Ioffe, a Russian research vessel operated by the polar region tour experts, One Ocean Expeditions*.

This ship, along with its sister-ship the Akademik Sergey Vavilov, were built in 1989 and 1988 respectively in Finland and were constructed to be the most capable polar exploration vessels that have ever sailed the seas.

Armed with an internal water-ballasted stabilisation system and an ice-strengthened hull, under the command of an experienced captain and crew with thousands of hours at sea, we knew that we would be perfectly safe on our journey.

This wasn’t a cruise ship that you might find in the Mediterranean or the Caribbean – this was a vessel designed to conquer anything that the ocean could throw at it, while conducting important scientific research.

If were to put our trust in any ship for crossing the Drake Passage, this was the one.

NOTE – One Ocean Expeditions have now entered administration, and are no longer operating trips. Please email us for our recommendation and a special deal for the current top expedition company for Antarctica.

Learn how to travel to Antarctica responsibly in our ultimate guide.

After a few days in Ushuaia we were scheduled to start our Antarctic adventure on February 25th. We met the crew and fellow passengers in a stylish hotel for check-in then headed to the port to embarkation.

We were taken to our rooms, had a detailed safety briefing and shown how to use the life boats and life jackets (in the extremely rare circumstance that we would actually need them). All 67 passengers felt excited and fully-prepared for the journey south.

As luck would have it a storm had formed over the Drake Passage during the day, and the captain made the decision to delay our departure in order to avoid the worst of it. Already the comfort of the passengers was being put as a priority.

We left port at 10pm, and when we woke in the morning we were officially in the Drake Passage.

The sun rose and the ship came to life. The seas were rolling yet steady, and spirits were high amongst the passengers.

Over breakfast Boris Wise, our experienced expedition leader, warned that the seas ahead were looking rough, but that this ship and the captain had made far more intense crossings countless times. With Boris’s confident outlook all the passengers felt much more at ease.

Personally we were excited to experience what is commonly known as the “ Drake Shake “.

Most of the group had come fully prepared for the voyage, loaded up with a huge amount of seasickness medication such as Dramamine and Benadryl.

Every journey has an experienced doctor onboard. For us it was Dr Mike, and he was constantly on hand to administer any stronger medication if needed, and monitor how everyone was feeling.

Just before lunch Alesha and I started to feel a little sick, and Dr Mike gave us some tablets to quickly ease the nausea, then some strong patches to be put behind the ear that would eliminate any seasickness for 3 days. They worked a treat, and within an hour we were up and running around the ship again.

The winds picked up and soon the Akademik Ioffe was swaying with the swell. The crew locked the doors to the outside decks to make sure no one wandered outside while the seas were rising.

On the upper deck the captain and officers had opened the bridge, giving everyone access to spectacular views over the stormy seas and distant horizon. Now and then a wave would break over the bow, creating a dramatic scene that just about everybody wanted to photograph.

This was also the only place to get fresh air while the storm doors were closed (unless you opened the porthole window in your room), so the passengers happily congregated on the bridge watching the helmsman expertly guide the ship through the waves.

While it did get progressively rougher throughout the day and night, by then everybody onboard had taken their medication and most were feeling fine.

The Drake Shake rocked us as we motored towards Antarctica, but even with the Beaufort 9 winds and rising swell, the mood on the ship was positive and excited.

We chatted to many of the guests on the ship who were initially worried about this crossing, and all of them admitted that it wasn’t as bad as they imagined (despite feeling ill for a short time).

Even the One Ocean Expeditions crew admitted the seas were rough, which actually made us all feel a lot braver for charging through the Drake Shake without a care in the world.

Two days at sea goes by surprisingly quick onboard the Akademik Ioffe. Hearty and delicious meals are served throughout the day, and there is ample time to read up on Antarctic history in the well-stocked library.

Those feeling active can hit the gym or sauna, or if you’d rather relax the lounge is always open with a selection of herbal teas and coffee to enjoy.

Some people simply chilled in their rooms, but by far the most popular thing to do while crossing the Drake Passage is to attend the presentations.

READ MORE: Planning on booking an Antarctic expedition? Check out our comprehensive guide on how to choose the right operator !

One Ocean Expeditions employs a number of world-class specialists to greater enhance the onboard experience, such as polar historians, ornithologists, whale experts and even a professional photographer.

These experts give regular presentations to educate passengers on the environment, wildlife and history of Antarctica. Each session lasts between 30 to 60 minutes, and are extremely rewarding. We honestly felt our Antarctica expedition was greatly enriched by these presentations.

In the evenings Happy Hour would commence, and most people headed to the lounge for an alcoholic (or non-alcoholic) beverage to ease into dinner.

This was the moment we were all waiting for, and after two days of sailing we arrived in the Antarctic Peninsula.

Once we had charged through the storm the captain regulated the ship’s speed to ensure we would arrive at sunrise. We set our alarms for 4:30am and woke up with the sky starting to turn orange.

In the distance were the mountains of Antarctica, and huge icebergs floated past in majestic silence. As we had now arrived in the archipelago the seas were completely calm, and everybody congregated on the decks to witness a scene we will never forget…

Motion sickness, unnecessary fears and rough seas will always be worth beating in order to catch sight of your first Antarctic sunrise.

Want an epic adventure now that you’ve arrived? Definitely try  kayaking in Antarctica !

The first two days were actually the last time we would experience rough seas. The waters of the Antarctic Peninsula are completely protected, so there’s no rocking movement at all. Seasickness was just a distant memory.

On the voyage back we actually had what is known as the “Drake Lake”. For the entire crossing, we had no wind and calm seas. The name matched the environment perfectly.

Since we have returned we have discovered that the “Drake Lake” phenomena is actually more common than we first thought. We have met a lot of people who have made their own Antarctic expeditions and had calm weather the entire time.

We’re glad we got to see a glimpse of what the Drake Passage can do, but having no swell or wind on the way back was a wonderful gift.

The reputation of how rough the Drake Passage can be enough to scare potential travellers from making the crossing to Antarctica. We are here to tell you not to worry, as it’s not as bad as the reputation makes it out to be.

Still, there are a few tips that we would like to give to help your journey across the Drake Passage go as smoothly as possible.

• Bring lots of seasickness medication with you. Even if you’ve had experience on long ocean crossings, there is always a chance you can feel the effects of motion sickness. Take preventative treatment such as Dramamine and Benadryl.
• Drink lots of water. It’s important to stay hydrated, especially if you are sick.
• Talk to the doctor. One Ocean Expeditions always has a qualified and experienced doctor onboard and they will have stronger medication than you can buy over the counter in a pharmacy. Our doctor even had injections to stop vomiting in severe cases, although this was not needed by any of the guests.
• Lay down. Being horizontal is one of the best ways to relieve the feelings of motion sickness.
• Eat food. Even though you feel sick eating can actually help. If you can’t make it to breakfast, lunch or dinner don’t worry – the crew make regular rounds of the cabins to make sure everyone is feeling ok, and if you can’t get up they will bring you food (or crackers at the very least if that’s all you feel like).
• Attend as many of the presentations as possible. They will help pass the time and provide a much better experience for your expedition.
• Don’t be scared. If the seas are too wild the captain will either postpone the journey or take a longer route to minimise rock. But if you’re with sailing One Ocean Expeditions and their fleet of Russian research vessels, you will be in the safest hands possible.

[box] Our journey to Antarctica was done in partnership with One Ocean Expeditions. All thoughts, opinions and hours spent staring out at the Drake Passage are, as always, our own.[/box]

Alesha and Jarryd

Hi, We’re Alesha and Jarryd!

We’ve been traveling the world together since 2008, searching for the planet’s best destinations and adventures.

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A new adventure – we’re going back to antarctica, the final frontier – we’re going to antarctica, science and vodka at vernadsky station in antarctica, 15 thoughts on “crossing the drake passage to antarctica (how bad is it)”.

Now I got one more item to check on my bucket list. The list is getting longer after reading ispiring stories like this. What is the cost involve if you don’t mind sharing?

Thank you do much. We are glad you liked the article. Hope you get to Antarctica one day. Do check out One Ocean Expeditions for tour prices. The trip was incredible

https://www.oneoceanexpeditions.com/antarctica

Going through Drake passage in a few days. Ive been monitoring the weather there. Your blog really helped. Thanks

I’m going to Antarctica in a few days too. I am in El Calafate now and leave for Ushuaia tomorrow. My cruise is on Jan 30.

Hi Elizabeth, how exciting. Have a great time. It is such a magical place. Happy travels

Hi Judith, have a great time. It is a mystery passage. Sometime is is a drake lake or the drake shake. You never know. Enjoy this journey of a lifetime. 🙂

Loved reading your blog. We are heading on our Antarctic adventure in November with Cruise Norway on the MS Fram. We are just so excited as it has been on our list for years…..we will be celebrating my husband’s 70th birthday whilst we are away so it really will be a trip to remember.

How exciting Marie. What a way to celebrate his birthday. Do let the ship know and maybe they can organise a cake for him. Take lots of photos and also take time to appreciate it without looking through a lens. It gets very crazy down there with so much to see and do. Watch every sunrise and sunset. Be the first on the excursion boats and last off. Have an amazing time. Happy travel and Happy birthday to your husband. 🙂

Wow guys this looks like such an incredible opportunity! Living in Tasmania I always feel geographically close to the Antarctic but it is basically impossible to get there from Australia as a traveller. Ushuaia is by far the best option when I make it to South America. Thanks for the tips and inspiration — definitely hope to make it down there.

Lucy x thetraveltextbook.com

Hi Lucy, thank you for reading. There is a boat that goes from New Zealand (i think) but it is a long time to reach Antarctica. Do not miss this amazing experience when you are in South America. Some people say it is a lot of money, but it is so worth it and cheaper than other experiences in the world (gorillas in Africa). This is hands down the best trip we have ever done. We hope you get to experience Antarctica one day. Happy travels.

The Antarctic sunrise looks great.

It was. Thanks Ian

Severely disappointed that this post doesn’t include a single photo of Jarryd losing his lunch over the railings.

Wait for the video 😉

Yesssssssss that’s what I like to hear.

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Poseidon Expeditions - your polar cruise operator

Drake Passage: The Crossing on a Cruise to Antarctica

It’s one of the most infamous ocean passages in the world and the gateway for most travelers aiming to set foot on the last continent. Unpredictable and exciting, it’s a rite of passage for true Antarctic expeditioners, and will leave you with exhilarating memories and a feeling of grand accomplishment. How can you prepare for your Drake Passage cruise and what should you expect?

What is the Drake Passage?

Board a cruise to explore Antarctica and you are likely to face the Drake Passage. It’s where the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans meet south of Cape Horn. Once you leave port in Ushuaia through the Beagle Channel and head towards the Antarctic Peninsula, you’ll cruise right into it. Hope for a calm crossing, but prepare yourself for a rough ride – its waters are unpredictable. But don’t let this spoil your adventure! Crossing the Drake Passage takes only around 48 hours and once you see the first icebergs and penguins, even the roughest crossing will be forgotten.

History of the Drake Passage

While the treacherous passage is named after Sir Francis Drake, did you know that he never actually sailed it? In fact, neither he nor his crew may have ever seen the water passage itself during their 1578 expedition. It was on that journey that Drake became the first Englishman to sail the Straits of Magellan, crossing from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, to explore the western coast of South America. Blown off course, part of his fleet presumably made it to 55 degrees latitude south, where they saw open water.

The actual discovery dates back to Francisco de Hoces in 1525, who stumbled across it after being blown south off the eastern entrance of the Straits of Magellan. The first explorer to sail the Drake Passage was Willem Schouten in 1616, while he was pioneering a voyage around Cape Horn.

Drake Passage Facts

• The Drake Passage covers the area from the southernmost tip of South America to the South Shetlands and the southeastern part of the Pacific Ocean to the southwestern Atlantic.
• The passage measures 800km (500 miles) in width and 1,000km (600 miles) in length.
• Its average depth is 3,400m (11,000 feet) and, in some regions, reaches 4,800m (15,600 feet).
• The Drake Passage opened when Antarctica separated from the South American continent (it is estimated that this happened anytime from 17 to 49 million years ago) and allows the Atlantic, Pacific and the Indian Oceans to connect via the Antarctic Circumpolar Current.
• Before the Panama Canal opened in 1914, the Drake Passage was an important trade route, connecting the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
• You can fly the Drake in ca. 2 hours and cruise it by ship in around 48 hours.
• Around 70% of crossings are calm!
• While Drake Passage weather is unpredictable, experienced captains respond quickly to rough sea and try to find the smoothest routes.
• Unusual ways of crossing the Drake Passage: In December 2019, a group of six became the first people to row the Drake Passage, which took them 12 days!

The Drake Lake

Fearing a rough ride paired with seasickness on the way to Antarctica? Hope for Drake Lake conditions! Crossing the Drake Passage is not always rough and if you’re lucky you’ll be experiencing small swells and light winds only. In such conditions, the trip through the Drake Passage is a perfect way to relax and prepare for your epic adventure in Antarctica. With favorable Drake Passage weather, you can take in the beautiful ocean views from deck and enjoy the open sea. It’s an animal lover’s dream: spot whales, albatrosses, giant petrels and dolphins.

Drake Passage Weather, Shake and Waves

It’s a place where oceans converge and climates transition. The Drake Passage is in between the cold Antarctic climate region and the cool, humid and subpolar conditions of Tierra del Fuego. It also connects the Atlantic with the Pacific Ocean. Cyclones are known to form in the warm Pacific Ocean, which are then carried to the Drake Passage. Don’t underestimate its currents! This is where the Antarctic Circumpolar Current squeezes through its narrowest passage, with an average water flow per second of 135 million cubic cm (4.7 billion cubic feet). High wind speeds can produce swells of up to 15m (50 feet) in height, with quickly changing conditions throughout the entire journey.

Often described as the roughest water passage on the planet, many travelers fear this stretch of their journey to Antarctica. Weather conditions while crossing the Drake Passage are hard to predict, so we highly recommend planning for a rough crossing (especially by consulting your doctor regarding suitable seasickness medication), even though many of our crossings are rather calm. Our experienced captain and crew know how to avoid the worst of it and navigate whenever possible around storms. Modern cruise ships are also equipped with stabilizers to soften the ride.

When to Navigate Across and When to Avoid Crossing the Drake Passage

If you want to visit Antarctica aboard an expedition ship , you’ll likely travel during the Austral summer (November to March). Strong winds may occur there at any point, and it is very difficult to predict what kind of Drake Passage weather conditions you will encounter. Generally, December and January are known to be the calmer months to cross, but don’t forget you’ll be sailing one of the most unpredictable and turbulent ocean passages on Earth. While modern ships are perfectly safe, you may still encounter rough seas on your cruise. Our experienced expedition staff will guide you on how to stay comfortable during your trip and how to best prepare to avoid motion sickness.

How to Prevent Motion Sickness in Challenging Drake Passage Conditions

You may hope for Drake lake conditions, but may still encounter the Drake shake on your expedition. While our expedition ship, the Sea Spirit, features stabilizers to reduce pitching and rolling, some travelers may still experience motion sickness. We’ve put together a list of recommendations on how to fight sea sickness aboard:

Eat lightly, but regularly! Don’t skip meals. Even though you may have no desire to eat, motion sickness gets worse on an empty stomach. Opt for starchy food (saltine crackers, potatoes) and avoid greasy and spicy food.

Hit the bottle! … of water that is! Stay hydrated throughout your trip! Choose water, ginger ale and electrolyte-heavy drinks. Avoid alcohol altogether, as it will dehydrate you and may make you feel even queasier.

Come prepared. Consult with your doctor prior to the cruise what motion sickness prevention may work for you. Apart from medicine in the form of tablets, liquid drops and skin patches, there are also natural options such as ginger candy and wristbands that fight nausea with acupressure. We also have an onboard doctor in case you’ll need assistance.

Adjust your attitude! Experienced sea dogs will insist that it all depends on your mental preparation. Don’t fear your Drake Passage cruise before you even board your ship! Look forward to a great adventure, enjoy the fresh air on deck and keep an eye out for maritime wildlife such as whales and sea birds. You may get your sea legs in no time and actually enjoy watching the waves while crossing the Drake Passage!

Is it safe to sail through the Drake Passage?

The passage is known for gale force winds, turbulent seas and simply bad weather. Modern cruise ships, however, can sail safely through the Drake and are equipped with stabilizers to minimize pitching and rolling at sea.

Is it possible to bypass the Drake Passage?

While most expedition cruises to the White Continent include a Drake Passage crossing, it is possible to avoid crossing the Drake Passage by taking a plane from South America (Punta Arenas in Chile) to King George Island (the largest of the South Shetland Islands). Some cruise operators offer a cruise and fly option and start their expeditions to the Antarctic Peninsula from there. Many travelers, however, prefer to experience the Drake Passage crossing as part of their expedition cruise en route to Antarctica. The infamous passage does not always feature rough waters and your crossing may turn out less scary than anticipated.

What is the best month to cross the Drake Passage?

The best time to cross the Drake Passage is during the Antarctic summer. December and January have the highest chances of calm waters, while at the very beginning and end of the season you may encounter rough seas.

Can you cruise to Antarctica without crossing the Drake Passage?

It depends on the cruise you choose. For most voyages, crossing the Drake Passage is the gateway to Antarctica and the shortest distance to journey to the peninsula. Apart from just outright skipping it altogether by flying to the continent, there are cruises that have you cross just once. Our Antarctic Wildlife Adventure cruise (departing November 2nd, 2024) starts with a flight from Santiago de Chile (on the southern tip of South America) to the Falkland Islands. The cruise starts there and leads via South Georgia to the Antarctic Peninsula, crossing the Drake Passage only on the voyage back to Argentina. Weather permitting, this reduces the chances of seasickness quite a bit, yet you can still brag about having mastered a Drake Passage cruise!

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The Drake Passage - The World's Most Unforgettable Sea Crossing

From the tip of the South American continent to the northernmost shores of Antarctica: here’s where you’ll find the reputed roughest sea passage in the world. The Drake Passage is the stuff of legends, and crossing it is an experience some passengers on Antarctica cruises look forward to the most. There’s something exhilarating about experiencing the rolling Drake Passage waves aboard an ice-strengthened Antarctica expedition vessel.

A Brief History of the Drake Passage

The Mar de Hoces, as the Drake Passage is known in Spanish, was first allegedly sailed in the early 1500s, when famous Spanish marine explorer Francisco de Hoces sailed south enough to see the end of the landmass that is South America. A few decades later a famous British explorer, admiral, and sea captain, by the name of Francis Drake , lost a ship to formidable southward winds whilst sailing the west coast.

This confirmed to him the existence of a convergence of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Drake was a legendary figure in British expansion and it is from him that the passage’s English name derives. The Spaniards, however, consider him a pirate (in their defence, Drake did have a penchant for capturing their treasure-filled ships) so most Spanish-language literature nowadays still refers to the Drake Passage by its original name.

What Is the Drake Passage: The Most Powerful Convergence of Seas

So, just where is the Drake Passage and why is it so frequently talked about? The Drake Passage stretches for just under 1,000km and is the spot where the Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Seas converge, creating a roaring current mix that has the potential to make you regret that extra serve of pasta at supper. You have to cross it on almost all Antarctica voyages (although there are a few alternatives, such as flying from South America or cruising to East Antarctica from New Zealand). 

Why is Drake Passage so dangerous? The Drake Passage is so infamously rough from the fact that currents at this latitude meet no resistance from any landmass, anywhere on the planet. Coupled with the area’s propensity for high wind, a crossing of the Drake Passage can be quite the adventurous exploit. Luckily, expedition vessels nowadays are equipped with stabilizers to absorb much of the swaying and most Antarctica cruise ship passengers get by with just a sea sickness tablet and a few crackers. Even in the ship is moving, you'll be completely safe. Your captain and crew are extremely experienced in navigating this region and your expedition ship is purpose-built for the crossing. 

However, the passage’s inherent unpredictability means that it can, at times, also be eerily calm. Whether you experience a Drake Shake or Drake Lake , you can trust a Drake Passage cruise to be a highlight of your cruise to Antarctica. The chances for spectacular wildlife watching along the Drake are high, with hourglass dolphins, humpback whales and migrating albatross all making regular appearances.

Crossing the Drake Passage on an Antarctic cruise 

Hop aboard your expedition ship to Antarctica and one of the first things your crew will tell you is to keep that seaside sickness medication close at hand. The Drake Passage is the only part of the cruise which has the potential to cause ship passengers any grief (or excitement, depending on the adaptability of your nerves) as once you’re Antarctica, the seas are protected and sailing is very smooth. 

Sometimes, the crew get cheeky and play Michael Jackson’s ‘Rock With You’ to the usually small crowd of hardy guests who prefer to oohh and aaahhh to every splashing wave together in the observation deck. If you’re a seasoned traveler who’s been everywhere and seen everything, a Drake Passage crossing should definitely be at the top of your must-endure list. For adventure value alone, it’s absolutely priceless!

And while you’re at it, spare a thought for those poor souls who work on mega ships and tankers, those too wide to fit through the Panama Canal. They have to endure a whole voyage south, and a crossing along the Drake, every time they sign up for a gig. But many state there’s fierce competition among sailors. Between the construction of the canal and air-travel, few have the chance to experience ‘one of the most notorious sea crossing in the world’ and the Drake Passage is seen as a much coveted bucket-list experience for many.

And lucky you…on an Antarctica cruise…you get to do it twice!

Managing Seasickness on the Drake Passage 

If you're worried about seasickness, don't let it hold you back from a once-in-a-lifetime Antarctic adventure! There are lots of ways to look after yourself.

• If you're prone to nausea, talk to your doctor or pharmacist about medication before your trip. Generally, these work best if you take them before you feel seasick, so consider starting your medication while you're still in the Beagle Channel.
• Stay hydrated and limit your alcohol consumption. Light, bland meals can also help. 
• Fresh air can go a long way! If you feel up to it, head out onto the deck and take in some deep breaths of the beautiful air.
• Staring at the horizon can help when you're feeling sick. 
• Sometimes, ginger can help settle your stomach if you're starting to feel nauseous. 
• If you ever need assistance, each ship has an experienced onboard doctor who is well versed in managing seasickness. 

What to Do While on a Drake Passage Cruise to Antarctica

It takes two days to cross from Ushuaia to Antarctica, and this valuable time is usually spent getting acquainted with your fellow passengers and attending presentations aimed at educating you on everything Antarctica-related. From safety to history, geology, biology and all else in between. You’ll be asked to clean your outer clothing so you don’t introduce any biohazards to the pristine environment and given a list of do’s and don’ts which you must follow. You’ll also savour great food and wine, and warm up with hot cocoa, all the while enjoying a truly stupendous and very exciting experience.

The Drake Passage is also fantastic for bird watching , as you'll often see many beautiful pelagic birds, like albatross, following the back of the ship. 

There’s something about the slow – and yes, at times even uncomfortable – journey across the Drake Passage which is quite therapeutic. As you board your expedition ship, you won’t just be leaving Ushuaia behind, you’ll be leaving behind civilization as you know it. You’ll be heading forth towards the most desolate and spellbinding place you’ll ever see.

The excitement will slowly build among your group, the expectation will rise. The first dolphins, perhaps the first whale…until it’s the first iceberg and the first sight of land. It’s a magical, breath-taking, and cathartic experience that is simply lost when one flies over instead.

So hang in there! Thanks to the crossing of the Drake Passage, the remarkable fun of a trip to Antarctica starts way before you ever get there. If you have questions about crossing the Drake, please get in touch , as our passionate Destination Specialists have experienced it for themselves and can give first-hand tips. Or, for more information on cruises to Antarctica and current special offers please visit our  Antarctica page . 

How I Crossed One of the World’s Roughest Seas

4 p.m. local time, march 11, 2016, post #2  .

I woke this morning to the dizzy feeling of rocking—as if my bed were swinging from a hammock. The walls, ceiling, and floor creaked with each swing. The room was dark.

I stumbled out of bed in search of the light switch. Our ship, the Ortelius, had puttered a hundred miles farther south during the night, bringing us into the unsheltered waters of the Drake Passage—the notoriously rough ocean crossing from the southern tip of South America to the Peninsula of Antarctica.

Stomachs were fluttery and breakfast a bit hazardous as the ship’s unpredictable rolls launched several chairs across the galley. By afternoon the swells were running 20 to 25 feet and the winds around 50 knots, prompting the crew to turn the Ortelius a few degrees to the east, off its planned route, so waves would strike the side of the ship with a little less force.

I’d like to be able to expound on what brave adventurers we all are to weather this storm—but, sadly, this one was pretty middling compared with what the Drake Passage is actually capable of. While making the crossing during another trip last November, this same ship had come up against 35-foot swells crashing head-on into its bow. The crew had eased up on the throttle to avoid beating up the ship and passengers—and so for several hours the ship actually went backward.

So by Drake standards, we can count ourselves lucky! The swells gradually shrank the following day, March 12. And early that evening the ship encountered its first iceberg, a slab of ice 600 yards across, which cast a triangular green shadow on the radar. Antarctica lay close at hand—and so did the humpback and minke whales that we hoped to study.

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Writer   Douglas   Fox   and photographer   Carolyn Van Houten are spending 15 days aboard the   M.V. Ortelius   as the ship explores glacial fjords along the Antarctic Peninsula, conducting studies of humpback and minke whales. Follow their story here, then see more about life in   Antarctica on the new show   Deep Freeze, on the National Geographic Channel in fall 2016.

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What to Expect When Crossing the Drake Passage

by Oceanwide Expeditions Blog

Regions: Antarctica

Highlights: Drake Passage

The Drake "rite of" Passage

Positioned between the southern tail of South America and the Antarctic Peninsula's north-sweeping arm is a lively little waterway known as the Drake Passage.

The Drake is considered by many polar travelers to be the gateway to the Antarctic, while others view it as the necessary rite of passage everyone must experience before enjoying the boundless natural wonders of Antarctica. 

In our opinion, it can easily be both - and a lot more.

Drake Passage water collisions

In the Drake Passage, layers of cold seawater from the south and relatively warm seawater from the north collide to form powerful eddies.

These eddies, when combined with the strong winds and sometimes violent storms common to this area, can make the Drake Passage richly earn its reputation as one of Earth's roughest waterways. But don't let this intimidate you.

After all, you'll still have Antarctica to look forward to. And your crossing may be quite calm.

Image by Esther Kokmeijer

The colossal currents of the Drake Passage

Through the Drake Passage flows the west-to-east Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), encircling Antarctica. The ACC stretches over 20,000 km (12,400 miles), forming the world’s largest ocean current.

The average water flow of the ACC is estimated to be around 135 million cubic metres (4.77 billion cubic feet) per second, about 600 times the volume of the Amazon.

Makes your last water bill seem kind of insignificant, right?

Drake Passage weather and waves

It takes the average cruise ship about 48 hours to sail from one end of the Drake Passage to the other. This depends on the exact embarkation and destination point, of course, but the conditions of the Drake are also highly relevant.

Passengers heading across the Drake Passage can expect temperatures ranging from about 5°C (41°F) in the north to -3°C (26°F) in the south.

Whether you get a storm during your Drake crossing is a bit of a gamble, as there is no real storm-less season. Some days the water will be surprisingly calm, others will present your Antarctica cruise  with sizable swells.

Winds and low pressure fronts flying circles around Antarctica can coalesce into a wild ride on the Drake.

If you’re prone to seasickness , it's a good idea to see your doctor before you sail the Drake Passage. And even if you're the type who laughs at roller-coasters, there's a good chance the Drake's weather is going to test that cast-iron stomach of yours.

But even if the Drake Passage is not agreeing with you, there are ways to ward off seasickness. In the brief but informative video below, our veteran ship doctor Ninette van Es provides her most reliable seasickness remedies. May they ease your passage across the Drake so that all you have to think about is all the great scenery and wildlife on the other side!

The birds, whales, and other wildlife of the Drake Passage 

All this talk of surging currents, buffeting winds, and powerful sea swells might make the Drake sound a touch undesirable.

But keep in mind, your crossing may be tranquil as a Tibetan monastery.

Image by Céline Clément-Chastel

Also, it's not just Antarctica that makes the trip worthwhile. The wealth of Drake Passage wildlife will give you no shortage of animals to gaze at.

The Drake is densely populated with plankton, which allows for healthy populations of dolphins, whales, and seabirds.

Dolphins aren't terribly common on the Drake Passage, but there's always the possibility you'll see a few hourglass dolphins bounding over the water. Whales are slightly more common, with  humpback , orca (killer whale) , minke , and fin being the most likely to appear.

Image by Ali Liddle

As for seabirds, they are wildly abundant on the Drake. You'll likely spot many kinds of albatross ( wandering , black-browed , southern royal), petrel ( Antarctic , giant southern petrel ), shags, skuas, and gulls.

Because of this, the Drake Passage is a good place to bring a quality camera and strong pair of binoculars. If nothing else, you'll certainly use them when you reach Antarctica.

Image by Bruce Robinson

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The Southern Ocean & Seas Of Antarctica

What’s in a name defining the southern ocean, extent of the southern ocean, southern ocean snapshot, surveying & mapping the southern ocean, formation of the southern ocean, southern ocean winds & currents, rough waters, southern ocean sea ice, the southern ocean & the global system: upwellings & antarctic bottom water, the scotia sea, the coastal seas of antarctica, the ross sea, the weddell sea, the southern ocean ecosystem, conserving the southern ocean: marine protected areas , exploring the southern ocean & the antarctic seas.

The Southern Ocean, sometimes called the Antarctic Ocean, is that great marine realm encircling Antarctica. Captain James Cook was the first to name it: In February 1775, musing about an as-yet unconfirmed polar continent at the bottom of the world, he wrote, “I firmly believe there is a tract of land near the Pole which is the source of most of the ice which is spread over this vast Southern Ocean.”

The Southern Ocean was officially recognized as a distinct ocean basin—as opposed to the murky southern sectors of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans—by the National Geographic Society in 2021, though other authorities, including the U.S. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, had formalized it earlier.

As Captain Cook’s account attests, the label “Southern Ocean” has long been applied, loosely or otherwise, to Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters. “Antarctic Ocean” has been—and, to some extent, continues to be—widely used, but informally. Another name that’s occasionally been applied to this realm is “Austral Ocean.”

The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), composed of nearly 100 coastal member countries, is an intergovernmental body that charts and labels the World Ocean. It formally recognized the Southern Ocean in 1937, but then retracted that recognition in 1953.

In 2000, the IHO again considered the Southern Ocean, with 28 countries responding to its request and all but one suggesting the ocean embracing Antarctica be given a unique and single label. The majority of those respondents preferred the name Southern Ocean over “Antarctic Ocean.” But the lack of consensus among the IHO’s membership means the organization hasn’t yet officially defined the Southern Ocean (in name or extent).

Yet it wasn’t until World Ocean Day on June 8, 2021 when National Geographic adjusted its map policy to formally recognize it as a distinct ocean basin that its new name was brought to the attention of the global media and adopted by the mainstream, albeit unofficially. Whilst the Society’s cartographers had long labeled it slightly differently and distinguished it typographically from the four historically recognized oceans—the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic—the decision to ‘create’ the world’s fifth ocean was not only a reflection of its ubiquitous usage in contemporary scientific and journalistic circles, but also made to further highlight its ecological uniqueness and focus public awareness onto a region in urgent need of the conservation spotlight.

The northern limit of the Southern Ocean is not always exactly agreed-upon, but convention puts it in the belt of the Antarctic Convergence , a hugely significant boundary of ocean masses generally taken to mark the northern boundary of the Antarctic realm. The Antarctic Convergence—also called the Polar Front —reflects where cold polar waters from the south meet warmer waters from the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean basins.

That convergence zone isn’t fixed—it meanders north or south depending on geography and time of year—but prevails roughly between 45 and 60 degrees South latitude. For convenience’s sake—and also because it roughly marks the heart of the great Antarctic Circumpolar Current , which we’ll get to shortly—that 60-degree latitude line is often taken to be the northern boundary of the Southern Ocean (as indeed the National Geographic Society recognizes as such).

Before going further, how about a few Southern Ocean trivia nuggets?:

• Area: ~8.5 million square miles (~22 million square kilometers), accounting for about 10 or 15 percent of the area of the World Ocean
• Average Depth: ~11,000 feet (3,000 meters)
• Deepest Point: 24,383 feet (7,432 meters) in the South Sandwich Trench’s Factorian Deep
• Temperature: Between about 50 degrees F (10 degrees C) and 28 degrees F (-2.2 degrees C)

The Southern Ocean is the fourth-smallest ocean basin, smaller than the Indian but larger than the Arctic Ocean. Its Factorian Deep, set at the southern end of the South Sandwich Trench near the South Sandwich Islands, ranks third among the five World Ocean basins in depth. (For comparison, the Pacific Ocean includes the deepest seafloor of all in the 35,853-foot/10,928m Challenger Deep at the bottom of the Mariana Trench, while the Arctic Ocean has the shallowest deep point: the 18,209-foot/5,550m Molloy Deep.)

The Factorian Deep—visited via submersible for the first time in 2019 by Victor Vescovo on his Five Deeps Expedition—was only definitively recognized as the Southern Ocean’s deepest point in 2022, when a majorly expanded swath of the basin’s seafloor was mapped via the International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean (IBSCO). This map covers better than twice the area of the previous edition published in 2013, charting an enormous tract of ocean some five times the size of Canada.

It’s the latest in centuries of scientific exploration of this most remote and ferocious of ocean basins, starting with such early forays as Captain James Cook’s expedition south of the Antarctic Circle in the late 18th century. Many of the great early Antarctic explorations of the 19th and early 20th centuries yielded valuable information on the configuration and characteristics of the “Antarctic Ocean.” As recent discoveries such as the Factorian Deep demonstrate, this is still a great liquid frontier of exploration.

The Southern Ocean was born in the same period as the White Continent, unsurprisingly. After all, this girding ocean is what separates Antarctica from the other Southern Hemisphere continents.

It formed between about 20 and 40 million years ago with the opening of the Tasmanian Seaway (between Australia and Antarctica) and the Drake Passage (between South America and Antarctica). This makes the Southern Ocean the youngest of the world’s great ocean basins.

The Southern Ocean encircles the globe, joining the waters of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans. Without any continental landmasses breaking up this circumpolar span of brine, westerly winds blow unimpeded, and are also powered up by the strong temperature and pressure gradient established between the temperate/subpolar and polar realms in the Southern Hemisphere by Antarctica’s sheer frigidity. This howling belt of westerlies explains the notorious gale latitudes of the “Roaring Forties,” “Furious Fifties,” and “Screaming Sixties.”

Those westerlies drag on the surface of the Southern Ocean, driving a east-flowing, globe-spanning current that—again, because no major landmasses get in the way of it—ranks as the largest and strongest of all ocean currents: the mighty Antarctic Circumpolar Current, or West Wind Drift .

This is an incredibly significant oceanic “river.” It and the Antarctic Convergence isolate Antarctica from the rest of the world and maintain that cold polar climate to the south. The current also has great importance as an upwelling center, as we’ll explain in a bit.

Which current flows around the coast of Antarctica? That would be the countercurrent to the West Wind Drift: the East Wind Drift , aka the Antarctic Coastal Current , which flows westward tight against the continent and its sea-ice extension. It ranks as the southernmost ocean current in the world, and another technically circumpolar one, though it’s warped by the protruding finger of the Antarctic Peninsula.

The powerful circumpolar push of the West Wind Drift, the ferocious westerlies, and the extreme frontal boundaries of the Southern Ocean—all interrelated characteristics—make it a rough, wild, and stormy place indeed. This ocean is thought to be home to the tallest waves in the world, hence its nickname of the “liquid Himalayas.” In the especially stormy winter season, waves commonly exceed 33 feet (10m), and may be much taller. Data collected off the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen (or Desolation) Islands suggest maximum wave heights may sometimes reach 100 feet (30m).

Rough seas explain the label given to crossings of the Drake Passage—that 600-mile-wide portal by which the majority of travelers reach Antarctica—at their most tumultuous: the “Drake Shake.” Fortunately, modern-day cruise ships are well equipped to withstand big swells and dodge bad weather, so this fabled crossing is not so bad as it’s made out, and, for many is a thrilling rite of passage.

The Southern Ocean plays host to one of the most remarkable broad-scale seasonal cycles of any place on Earth: the yearly expansion and contraction of sea ice . In the austral winter, plunging temperatures cause seawater to start freezing, causing a great expansion of sea ice around Antarctica. Counting the halo of sea ice as an extension of Antarctica, the White Continent essentially doubles in size in winter, when the Southern Ocean’s ice covers roughly 11 million square miles (18 million square kilometers).

This maximum is typically achieved around September, in the early austral “spring,” when, on average, the northern limit of Southern Ocean sea ice effectively maps the Antarctic Convergence.

The sea ice retreats dramatically as summer unfolds, reaching a minimum extent in February and March. This summertime sea ice, which on average is most extensive in the Weddell, Bellingshausen, Amundsen, and Ross seas, is mainly fast ice : sea ice anchored either to the seafloor or to the continent, and thus more resilient to the surge of waves and currents.

The Southern Ocean has an outsized impact on the global environment. One of the great driving engines of the planetary-scale circulation of the World Ocean is Antarctic Bottom Water, a seafloor-hugging current that flows from the margins of Antarctica northward toward the Equator. It’s produced by the deep cold off the Antarctic continent, which chills coastal waters, and the freezing of sea ice, which increases the concentration of salt in the adjoining unfrozen seawaters. Colder water is denser than warmer water, saltier water denser than “fresher” water—thus the cold, salty water along the continent sinks into the depths.

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current serves as an incredibly important zone of oceanic mixing and overturning, where cold deepwater flow pulled in from the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans meets colder Antarctic waters and is shoved surfaceward, producing a major upwelling. Complex patterns of eddies in the Circumpolar Current as well as seafloor topography help drive this upwelling , which absorbs heat and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The upwelled water then flows back northward at the surface.

Much of the bottom water of the World Ocean seems to be upwelled by this process along the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, highlighting the huge significance of the Southern Ocean as a heat and CO2 sink and a crux of global oceanic circulation.

The Scotia Sea forms a northern frontier of the Southern Ocean near its boundary with the South Atlantic. The sea comes edged on the north, east, and south by the Scotia Arc, which is the mostly submerged mountain range linking Tierra del Fuego and the Antarctic Peninsula.

Much of the Scotia Arc takes the form of drowned banks and seamounts, but the chain breaks the surface here and there in the form of seastacks, islets, and significant islands, including South Georgia, the South Sandwich Islands, the South Orkneys, and Elephant Island (where Shackleton’s shipwrecked Endurance party sheltered).

The western border of the Scotia Sea joins with the Drake Passage—known in Spanish-speaking countries as the Mar de Hoces (Hoces Sea)—separating the tip of South America from the South Shetland Islands and the Antarctic Peninsula. The Drake Passage forms the narrowest chokepoint of the Southern Ocean, with the powerful flow of the West Wind Drift surging through it into the Scotia Sea.

(It should be noted that not all definitions of the Southern Ocean include the Drake Passage and Scotia Sea. These waters are omitted, for example, from National Geographic’s definition, although the southern portions of both the Drake and the Scotia Sea lie below 60 degrees S latitude.)

Many Antarctic cruises voyage into the Scotia Sea by incorporating South Georgia—in many respects as remarkable a sightseeing destination as the White Continent itself—into their itineraries.

The following is a list of the official coastal seas mapped along the margin of the Antarctic continent, beginning with the Weddell east of the Antarctic Peninsula and proceeding counterclockwise.

• Weddell Sea
• Bellingshausen Sea
• Amundsen Sea
• Cooperation
• Riiser-Larsen

The Weddell and Ross seas are by far the largest, forming the deepest embayments of the White Continent’s outline between West and East Antarctica. They’re also both coveted destinations for Antarctic voyagers, though seen by only a relative fraction of yearly sightseers to the White Continent.

The Ross Sea covers some 370,000 square miles (960,000 square kilometers), gated by Cape Colbeck in Edward VII Land to the east and Cape Adare in Victoria Land to the west. Its southern portion comes mantled by the enormous Ross Ice Shelf: at some 182,000 square miles (472,000 square kilometers), the world’s largest ice shelf.

While summertime sea ice typically extends into its eastern reaches, the Ross Sea is often otherwise quite accessible in that season. That accessibility, combined with the deep indentation it forms, made it a natural springboard for early Antarctic explorers aiming for the South Pole. Ross Island and McMurdo Sound come drenched in this history, with the historic huts of Ernest Shackleton’s and Robert Falcon Scott’s parties still viewable.

A globally significant Antarctic ocean sanctuary was established in the Ross Sea in 2016 with the creation of a 600,000-square-mile (1.6-million-square-kilometer) marine protected area where commercial fishing is banned.

The Weddell is the largest Antarctic sea, covering about 1.08 million square miles (2.8 million square kilometers). It extends from the eastern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula to Coats Land of East Antarctica. LIke the Ross Sea, the Weddell Sea’s southern portion hosts a spectacular ice shelf: the Ronne-Filchner Ice Shelf, wrapped much of the way around the huge ice rise of Berkner Island. Sea ice historically has remained extensive in the Weddell Sea into summer, and it’s well known for its bountiful icebergs.

The Weddell is often claimed to be the world’s most pristine sea. It’s also thought to be the most significant source zone for Antarctic Bottom Water, lending it particular global significance when considering that deep current’s importance in the World Ocean’s circulation.

From its major upwellings to the seasonal biomass spike produced by sea-ice melt, the Southern Ocean includes some of Earth’s most productive waters. Supported in large part by blooms of krill, the Antarctic marine ecosystem is mindbogglingly rich, reflected by the multitudes of seabirds, penguins, pinnipeds, and great whales serving as its defining higher-level consumers.

Given its remoteness and infamously treacherous waters, it’s little surprise the Southern Ocean has generated its fair share of sea-monster legends. Heck, as recently as 2016, the Internet lit up over an alleged Google Earth photograph of a gigantic kraken surfacing in this marine wilderness. As it happened, the photographed object was no tentacled beastie, but a lonesome, wave-hammered seastack south of Deception Island known as Sail Rock.

(Which, mind you, is not to say that oversized cephalopods don’t call the Southern Ocean home: The largest squid by mass, the aptly named colossal squid, is well documented in the deeps of these frigid waters. And there are other magnificently monstrous—in a good, biophilic kind of way—creatures in these depths, not least the giant Antarctic sea spider .)

The ecological magic of the Southern Ocean very much deserves its own treatment—and we’ve given it one in this article !

We mentioned above the establishment, in 2016, of the world’s biggest marine protected area (MPA) in the Ross Sea, based on an original proposal by the U.S. and New Zealand. But one other MPA currently exists in the Southern Ocean, the South Orkney Islands Southern Shelf MPA, which means that only about five percent of the ocean basin is fully protected.

In light of its uniqueness, productivity, relative pristineness, and fragility, numerous organizations advocate for the expansion of a MPA network in the Southern Ocean.

Among the specific areas that groups such as the Antarctic & Southern Ocean Coalition (ASOC), the Antarctic Ocean Alliance (AOA), and The Pew Charitable Trust have suggested for MPA status are the Weddell Sea and areas off the Antarctic Peninsula as well as the East Antarctica coastline.

New MPAs can be established through the agreement of all members of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). As of yet, the CCAMLR has reached no consensus on declaring the proposed Antarctic Peninsula, Weddell Sea, and East Antarctic MPAs.

The majority of Antarctic tourism goes down by ship, and thus firsthand experience of the Southern Ocean is part and parcel of a vacation down here at the bottom of the world.

Whether you’re making the iconic crossing of the Drake Passage, venturing into the Scotia Sea to goggle at South Georgia’s rookeries and glaciers, seeking the emperor penguin amid the Weddell Sea bergs, or marveling at the skyward loom of the Ross Ice Shelf, much of the day-to-day magic of an Antarctic voyage transpires offshore.

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The 7 top antarctica cruises for 2024 + tips from an expert.

Plan your next epic adventure to the White Continent.

The Top Antarctica Cruises

Yuri Matisse Choufour | Courtesy of Hurtigruten Expeditions

Experience otherworldly beauty on an Antarctica cruise.

An expedition to Antarctica is a once-in-a-lifetime adventure for intrepid travelers who want to explore this remote destination at the bottom of the world. The landscapes are surreal, with eerily blue icebergs, towering ice-capped mountains, dramatic weather conditions that change within seconds and species of wildlife that exist nowhere else on Earth – it's hard to imagine until you've made the long journey yourself.

The fifth-largest continent is home to the largest ice sheet on the planet, the Antarctic Ice Sheet, as well as the Transantarctic Mountains, with peaks soaring more than 14,700 feet into the sky. West Antarctica has volcanoes that are part of a tectonically active area around the Pacific Ocean known as the "Ring of Fire." This incredibly diverse and magical part of the world also has the coldest temperature ever recorded at -135.8 degrees Fahrenheit in 2010.

U.S. News has compiled a selection of seven different Antarctic experiences to help you plan your bucket list adventure to the White Continent.

Book an Antarctica cruise on GoToSea , a service of U.S. News.

Atlas Ocean Voyages: 11-night Ushuaia Roundtrip

Courtesy of Atlas Ocean Voyages

This 11-night expedition with Atlas is available on several dates in 2024. One highlight of the voyage is crossing the Antarctic Circle, along with four days exploring Antarctica and two days spent in the South Shetland Islands. You'll also have two days en route to Antarctica and two days on the return trip on the famed Drake Passage – also known as the "Drake Lake" (on smooth days) or the "Drake Shake" (when the seas are rough).

During your days at sea, take in all the onboard lectures and films about Antarctica, and head outside on the decks to see petrels and albatrosses soaring overhead. This is the perfect opportunity to practice your photography skills before reaching the Antarctic Peninsula, where you want to take nothing but pictures and leave nothing but footprints.

Atlas' Jan. 14 expedition is on the line's newest ship, World Voyager. The purpose-built yacht-style vessel features a hydro-jet propulsion system that's quieter and less disruptive to the fragile ecosystem. This feature also provides the opportunity for guests to see more wildlife during up-close encounters. Pricing is all-inclusive on board the ship with free open bars; all meals, wines, spirits and craft beers; a stocked in-room minibar; all landings, Zodiac excursions and lectures; the use of kayaks, walking sticks, knee boots and binoculars; and a souvenir Atlas jacket to take home. Fares also include a one-night pre-cruise stay and private charter jet service round-trip from Buenos Aires to Ushuaia, Argentina.

Aurora Expeditions: Antarctic Peninsula in Depth

Tyson Mayr | Courtesy of Aurora Expeditions

Aurora offers a 14-night Antarctic intensive voyage sailing round-trip from Ushuaia on Nov. 6, 2024, aboard the 132-passenger purpose-built expedition ship Greg Mortimer. This vessel was the first passenger ship to utilize the state-of-the-art Ulstein X-BOW, which provides a smoother, quicker and more efficient transit across the ocean. The ship also incorporates many environmentally conscious features, including low energy consumption and virtual anchoring, which protects the sea floor and minimizes damage caused by traditional anchors.

Guests will find expansive observation decks and hydraulic viewing platforms for optimal wildlife viewing on board. Other highlights of the expedition are nine full days to explore the Antarctic Peninsula in nearly 24 hours of daylight at the peak of summer. During this time, you can expect to see whales arriving to feed on the plentiful krill, fur seal pups and many entertaining penguins.

Prices are mostly all-inclusive, with a one-night hotel stay before boarding the ship; all meals, snacks and complimentary nonalcoholic beverages; beer and house wine at lunch and dinner; the use of Muck Boots for the expedition; all shore excursions and Zodiac cruises; educational lectures; and more. Adventurous explorers can add on activities (at an additional cost) such as sea kayaking, snowshoeing, camping, and skiing or snowboarding. The line also offers longer 20- to 24-day expeditions that include South Georgia Island.

Read: Sustainable Cruises: The Top Lines Making Progress

Hurtigruten Expeditions: Antarctica, Patagonia and Chilean Fjords Expedition

Dan Avila | Courtesy of Hurtigruten Expeditions

For an extended adventure that includes crossing the Drake Passage twice, spending up to five days in Antarctica and then landing on Cape Horn in Chile (weather permitting), consider the 25-night grand expedition cruise aboard the Hutrigruten Expeditions' MS Roald Amundsen. Additional highlights are scenic cruising in Garibaldi Fjord in Alberto de Agostini National Park to see the Garibaldi Glacier; visiting the town of Puerto Natales, the gateway to Torres del Paine National Park ; and seeing the longest Southern Hemisphere glacier outside of Antarctica (which grows by as much as 150 feet a day), the Pio XI Glacier in Bernado O'Higgins National Park. This epic adventure begins March 9, 2024, in Buenos Aires and ends in Valparaíso, Chile.

The ship for the voyage, MS Roald Amundsen, is a hybrid vessel that reduces CO2 emissions by using electrical propulsion – and it's designed specifically for use in polar waters. The vessel carries just 500 guests (to adhere to regulations for visiting Antarctica) and features all exterior cabins with Scandinavian inspired decor. Guests will also find an Explorer lounge and bar, three dining venues, the Science Center, a sauna and spa, and other amenities. Fares are mostly all-inclusive, covering a complimentary expedition jacket; the use of expedition equipment like boots and trekking poles; landing activities; most dining options; and wine, beer and soft drinks at meals.

Lindblad Expeditions – National Geographic: Journey to Antarctica: The White Continent

Ralph Lee Hopkins | Courtesy of Lindblad Expeditions

Lindblad Expeditions was the first company to bring citizen explorers to Antarctica in 1966, pioneering travel to this remote destination. The line's 13-night expedition to Antarctica is offered nearly 20 times throughout the summer season in 2024 on one of three ships. Depending on the ship, guests will have one evening in either Buenos Aires or Santiago, Chile , before flying to Ushuaia the next morning to embark the vessel.

With about five days to explore Antarctica, you'll have time to take in the awe-inspiring landscapes and look for seals and blue-eyed shags up close from Zodiacs. On land, watch thousands of Adélie and gentoo penguins as they playfully slide down the snow-covered hills on their bellies – one right after the other – diving headfirst into the icy waters. After the adventure, a private charter flight will return you to either Buenos Aires or Santiago before your return flight home.

The line's newest expedition vessel, National Geographic Resolution, accommodates just 138 guests – and there are two new cabins for solo cruisers . Guests on the Polar Class 5 vessel will have a National Geographic photographer and a Lindblad-National Geographic-certified photo instructor and video chronicler documenting the trip. Onboard amenities include a yoga studio, a wellness specialist, infinity-style hot tubs, two restaurants and a chef's table, and plenty of indoor and outdoor viewing areas. This ship also carries an ROV (a remotely operated vehicle) for underwater exploration and other high-tech video gear.

You can even book an overnight stay in an igloo (on a first-come, first-served basis) and spend the evening under the polar sky. Fares are mostly all-inclusive and include all onboard meals and most meals ashore; nonalcoholic and alcoholic beverages; transfers; excursions; a complimentary jacket; and more.

Silversea: King George Island to King George Island (Antarctica Bridge)

Courtesy of Silversea

Silversea's six-night Antarctica Bridge expedition takes guests round-trip by a business class flight directly to the Antarctica Peninsula, flying into King George Island from Punta Arenas, Chile. This itinerary is offered several times throughout the season for guests who don't have extensive time to travel – or are nervous about sailing the Drake Passage. Silversea 's pricing is all-inclusive, and guests can choose between door-to-door or port-to-port fares.

While the weather determines the specific itinerary in Antarctica, guests can expect to have several excursions in the Antarctic Sound and as many as nine excursions on the Antarctic Peninsula that include hiking, kayaking and scenic Zodiac cruises with the expedition team. There's also one excursion in the South Shetland Islands, where you can look for massive elephant seals. There will be an abundance of bird and animal viewing on wildlife-rich King George Island, the largest of the South Shetland Islands, which is home to Adélie, chinstrap and gentoo penguins as well as Weddell and leopard seals.

Oceanwide Expeditions and Swoop Antarctica: Quest for the Emperor Penguins of Snow Hill Island

Getty Images

Swoop Antarctica's 10-night adventure-filled journey takes wildlife and history enthusiasts into the ice-choked waters of the Weddell Sea, past towering tabular icebergs, in search of the emperor penguin's rookery on Snow Hill: one of the most remote penguin rookeries on the planet. The incredible itinerary also sails through the same waters where famed Antarctic explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton's ship, the Endurance, sank in 1915 – and to the rarely seen west slopes of the Antarctic Sound.

Other highlights include Zodiac and helicopter landings (weather permitting) to additional remote locales, including Seymour Island, where the Swedish Antarctic Expedition of 1901 to 1904 spent a winter season; Brown Bluff, one of the most scenic places on the northern tip of the Antarctic Continent and home to a large Adélie penguin rookery; and the volcanic crater of Deception Island.

There are two sailings in November 2024 on board the 1A-class, ice-strengthened Oceanwide Expeditions' Ortelius: a 108-passenger former Russian research vessel. Fares includes all meals and nonalcoholic beverages, all Zodiac and shore excursions, educational lectures, helicopter transfers, and group transfers. Optional adventure activities, alcoholic beverages and other personal expenses are at an additional cost.

The onboard helicopter pad is one of the features of the vessel and is used on select expeditions in the Weddell and Ross seas. It's important to note that very few companies offer expeditions to the Weddell Sea that include Snow Hill Island. While Ortelius is not a luxury vessel like other ships mentioned in this list, it is a stable expedition-style ship built for these icy – and at times treacherous – waters and weather conditions.

Viking: Antarctica & South Georgia Island

Courtesy of Viking

Viking's 18-night Antarctica and South Georgia Island expedition begins with an overnight stay in Buenos Aires followed by a flight the next morning to Ushuaia, the southernmost city in the world. The first two stops on the expedition are in the Falkland Islands, where you'll find beautiful scenery with imposing cliffs, many types of marine birds and five species of penguins. In South Georgia, watch for king penguins and seals. Then, it's on to Antarctica for days 12 through 16. Guests will have the option to reserve a spot on the Viking DNV-classed submarine for a thrilling journey into the depths of the frigid waters in Antarctica. The return sailing, by way of the Drake Passage, disembarks in Ushuaia.

In 2024, this itinerary is available Jan. 31 and again Dec. 15 on Viking Octantis. The purpose-built Polar Class 6 vessel accommodates up to 378 guests and offers many of the same venues found on Viking's ocean ships, including the Explorers' Lounge, World Café, Mamsen's, Manfredi's Italian Restaurant and the Nordic Spa. There are also expedition-specific features, such as Expedition Central, the Science Lab and – for educational lectures and briefings – the Aula theater. Viking's fares are mostly all-inclusive, with all meals and wine and beer served with lunch and dinner; 24-hour specialty teas, coffees and nonalcoholic beverages; a keepsake Viking jacket; complimentary use of the excursion gear; and more.

Find an Antarctica cruise on GoToSea.

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Expert tips on Antarctica expeditions

There are many factors to consider when planning an Antarctica expedition, including where you want to travel to, the length of the trip and whether you want to sail the famed Drake Passage twice.

To provide helpful insights and information to plan your trip, U.S. News reached out to an expert in the region, Aurora Expeditions' expedition leader, Ashley Perrin , for tips on planning your adventure to the White Continent. Perrin has degrees in both geography and oceanography from the University of Southampton. She was appointed as the first woman boating officer in Antarctica by the British Antarctic Survey in 2009, and has led multiple expeditions to Antarctica, South Georgia and the Falklands.

Which month is best (in your opinion) to travel to Antarctica and why? 

Perrin: "My favorite time to travel to Antarctica is the end of December or beginning of January, because the penguin chicks are starting to come out and you get the most wildlife spotting opportunities, with marine mammals, penguins and albatross – on top of the spectacular scenery."

What length of trip do you recommend for first-time visitors?

Perrin: "The 10- to 12-day Spirit of Antarctica or Antarctic Explorer (with Aurora Expeditions) is a fantastic introduction to the Antarctic Peninsula. If you had the additional time and opportunity, ideally you would also opt for a voyage that visits South Georgia. For many travelers, this is really the jewel in the crown of the Antarctic experience because of the incredible wildlife opportunities here."

What should you look for in an expedition ship/tour when planning a trip to Antarctica?

Perrin: "Travelers should look for a high-quality educational experience, including lectures and opportunities for Citizen Science. This is such a fascinating and important destination, and you want to ensure you can learn and take as much in as you can. A pivotal factor in this is also choosing a company that offers low passenger numbers.

"Travelers don't have enough of an understanding of the impact of this on their voyage. In the Antarctic Peninsula only 100 people are allowed on land at one time, while at some sites it is 30 to 50 people. Having smaller groups enables passengers to have more time off ship exploring and connecting with nature, and this has such a significant impact on your experience.

"If you like to be a little more active, I would also highly recommend an operator that offers activities, such as kayaking in Antarctica. This allows you to see Antarctica from a different viewpoint and the silence is amazing. You still have opportunities to do landings as well, so I think it's the best of both worlds."

Do you prefer the combination fly/sail for the Drake Passage or sailing the Drake Passage both ways?

Perrin: "I prefer to sail both ways as it's how you earn your right to get to Antarctica! You also get more opportunities to see wildlife like seabirds, and it gives you extra time to prepare for the Antarctic experience through pre-lectures and education. Travelers arrive with more of an understanding of what to expect."

Any other tips, advice or comments you'd like to share?

Perrin: "Do your research into the operator you are choosing and their different offerings – things like passenger numbers, expedition team experience and off ship activities – as these can all have a significant impact on the travel experience. There is also a big difference between traditional cruise operators and expedition operators and what travelers can expect. We ensure that our passengers are exploring and getting off the ship as much as possible.

"I would also add that it's important to do your research into the areas that you're most interested in. For example, it could be history, exploration and walking in someone's footsteps (such as Sir Ernest Shackleton), or the types of wildlife you might see. Having a deeper understanding of the history and the region really does enhance the experience once you are there."

Frequently Asked Questions

An expedition where you get off the ship and make landings on the Antarctic peninsula typically costs about $10,000 per person for a 10-night voyage. However, depending on the cruise line, the ship and dates of travel – and whether you sail or fly the Drake Passage – you could spend as much as $29,000 per person for a 12-night expedition or more. There are slightly lower prices for some expeditions, such as a few with Hurtigruten Expeditions, and you can find reduced fares and deals with lines like Atlas Ocean Voyages and Quark Expeditions. In addition, there are extended polar expeditions that range from a 14-night trip to the 94-night Pole-to-Pole Ultimate Bucket List Expedition Cruise with Hurtigruten Expeditions, which is priced at close to $48,000.

If you're not interested in getting off the ship in Antarctica to see penguins and seals up close (but no closer than 15 feet, according to the Antarctic Treaty), you can opt for a voyage on a large cruise ship that sails around the continent for a much lower cost. Just know that you won't be able to disembark at any point in Antarctica. For example, Norwegian Cruise Line has a 14-night Antarctica and South America voyage that makes a round trip from Buenos Aires, Argentina, for as low as $999 per person. You may be able to find even cheaper fares from lines such as Celebrity Cruises or Princess Cruises.

It's important to note that by the rules set forth in the Antarctic Treaty, only ships carrying 500 or less passengers are permitted to make landings on the Antarctica peninsula. The Antarctic Treaty, along with the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators, has strict conservation protocols and regulates that no more than 100 passengers are allowed to go ashore at one time. The IAATO works with more than 100 Antarctica outfitters to create the guidelines and safety procedures to protect the fragile environment and wildlife in this remote part of the world.

The following cruise lines offer small ship expeditions in Antarctica with no more than 500 passengers. You can also look at tour companies – such as Abercrombie & Kent, G Adventures, Adventure Life and Swoop Antarctica – that exclusively charter ships or help navigate the decision-making process for their clients and book individual expeditions with the cruise lines.

• Atlas Ocean Voyages
• Aurora Expeditions
• Hapag-Lloyd Cruises
• Hurtigruten Expeditions
• Lindblad Expeditions – National Geographic
• Quark Expeditions
• Scenic Luxury Cruises & Tours
• Seabourn Cruise Line

These larger cruise lines offer sailings around the Antarctic Peninsula, which may include scenic cruising in and around the Gerlache Strait, Elephant Island, Paradise Bay and Schollart Channel.

• Celebrity Cruises
• Holland America Line
• Norwegian Cruise Line
• Oceania Cruises
• Princess Cruises
• Regent Seven Seas Cruises
• Royal Caribbean International

The answer depends on the expedition. The majority of passengers will depart from South America in either Ushuaia, Argentina – which is also known as the "End of the World" – or Punta Arenas, Chile. Then it will take approximately two days to cross the Drake Passage to reach the Antarctic Peninsula. Some lines also offer chartered flights from Punta Arenas to Antarctica, which only take about two hours. Some passengers who have taken the flight say it can be as unnerving as sailing the Drake Passage, since weather conditions can delay the flight for up to several days where you could potentially miss the trip.

Cruises on larger ships that only sail around the Antarctic Peninsula may embark in Buenos Aires; Santiago, Chile; Puerto Williams, Chile; Rio de Janeiro; ports in Florida or New Zealand; or even the South Shetland Islands.

The expedition and cruise season to Antarctica extends from November to March, which is during the austral summer in the Southern Hemisphere. But Antarctica is still the windiest, coldest and driest continent on Earth, so weather conditions are unpredictable and can change quickly – even during the summertime. One minute the sun may be out, and the next minute it can be snowing and extremely windy and cloudy.

Visitors in November can expect temperatures between a low of 25 degrees to a high of 32 degrees Fahrenheit. The warmest temperatures are typically in January, when you'll find days ranging between 33 to 36 degrees before they start to drop again in February.

Most expedition companies provide jackets that you can take home, so you won't need to bring a heavy parka if it's given to you on board. They may also provide waterproof boots that you'll need to use for wet landings. It's best to check with your expedition line to see what's available on the ship, what you can rent or buy, and what you'll need to pack and bring with you. Due to the unpredictable weather, it's advisable to bring different types of layers.

Here are some of the items you'll want to pack:

Layers: Pack at least two top and two bottom quick-drying base layers (or more, depending on the length of your expedition) that wick moisture, such as those made of silk, wool or bamboo. It does get toasty when you're layered up and moving around ashore, so choose lightweight options that will layer easily under the rest of your clothing and keep you warm and dry. For your mid-layer top, go with a lightweight polar fleece or vest; for the bottom, quick-drying warm tights or fleece pants are a good option.

You'll also want to layer what's on your feet, starting with a wicking pair of socks made from silk or synthetic polypropylene, followed by a good pair of merino wool socks from a brand like Smartwool. Glove liners are another must, especially if your hands tend to get cold. If you can, buy insulated waterproof gloves with removable liners to save packing an extra item. You may also want to toss a few hand and foot warmers in the suitcase in case you need extra warmth. Bring a lighter pair of insulated gloves for warmer days off the ship.

And don't forget a lined wool beanie, a set of earmuffs, and a balaclava or fleece neck gaiter to keep your ears and face warm and your nose and mouth protected from the cold air and wind.

Waterproof gear: The parka and tall waterproof boots may be provided on the ship, but if they're not, you'll need to bring your own. You'll also need wind- and waterproof pants to go over your base layer and mid-layers. If they're tapered at the bottom, you should be able to tuck them into your boots. Perrin says this is one of the most important items you should purchase and pack for your expedition.

Comfy clothes ­and shoes for around the ship: Most people dress casual on Antarctica cruises, so bring clothes that will be comfortable for days and evenings around the ship. It can get rough when crossing the Drake Passage, so you'll want flat or low-heeled shoes for those days at sea.

Other items you'll want to pack:

• Waterproof dry pack
• Sea-Bands and medications for motion sickness
• Camera and accessories with a waterproof cover
• Hiking poles (unless the ship has them available)
• Swimsuit (you may want to take the polar plunge!)
• Other necessary medications
• Hydrating lip balm and a good protective moisturizer
• Polarized sunglasses
• Books on the history of early exploration in Antarctica and the incredible wildlife

Why Trust U.S. News Travel

Gwen Pratesi has been an avid cruiser since her early 20s. She has sailed on nearly every type of cruise ship built, including the newest megaships, paddle-wheelers on the Mississippi River, and an 18-stateroom river ship on the Mekong River in Vietnam and Cambodia. She has also cruised on a traditional masted sailing ship and on a small luxury expedition vessel in Antarctica crossing the notorious Drake Passage twice. Pratesi covers the travel and culinary industries for major publications including U.S. News & World Report.

You might also be interested in:

• Cruise Packing List
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Tara’s Top Tips for Dealing with Seasickness on Antarctica Cruises

Laura Pattara  |  30 August 2023

A severe bout of seasickness is about the only thing that could dampen your spirits on an expedition cruise to Antarctica. While most seafaring explorers are thrilled by the prospect of crossing some of the world's remotest and most infamous passages, others feel queasy at the mere thought of navigating stormy open seas. For those inherently prone to seasickness, an adventure-filled expedition to the far south can be daunting.

If you are one of those travellers prone to motion or seasickness, we're here to help. We've collated the top tips for dealing with seasickness, and, to do this, we've brought in the big guns:  the most seasickness-prone crew member here at Viva and one with an abundance of expedition expertise.

Tara in Antarctica.

 Meet Tara, Viva’s Operations Manager. Tara LOVES Antarctica expeditions, has been on several, dreams of penguins and icebergs daily, and tries to return to the icy continent every chance she gets. Tara thinks expeditions to Antarctica are the ultimate bucket-list experiences. Unfortunately, Tara is also hopelessly prone to seasickness. Yet her love of expeditions and Antarctica has meant she has found myriad ways to keep the green-gilled monster at bay on her explorations.

Over the years, Tara has helped hundreds of clients plan and enjoy their Antarctic adventures to the fullest. We couldn’t think of a better person to guide us through a seasickness avoidance course!

Alongside Tara’s top tips, here’s what we’ll cover in this guide:

Seasickness on Antarctica expeditions – where are the biggest risks?

Expedition cruises from south america – dealing with seasickness on the drake passage, expedition cruises from new zealand – dealing with seasickness on the ross sea.

• Tara’s top tips for dealing with seasickness

Use several anti-seasickness remedies, simultaneously

Jump the gun and get ahead of the seasick beast, choose the right medication for you – and do a trial run before travelling, limit stimulants during the roughest crossings, ginger is your best (anti-seasickness) travel companion, keep dry crackers on you at all times, take plenty of (anti-stimulating) rest, head to the outer deck for a breath of fresh air, find your happy place.

• Make sure to pack rehydration salts/electrolytes  

First, some good news: seasickness is certainly not a given on every expedition cruise to Antarctica. Moreover, not everyone is predisposed to this condition. Some people can tackle a rough sea cruise like an exhilarating roller coaster ride. Kudos to them! If you're not that lucky, however, what helps most is to know where and when you’ll be facing your biggest seasickness challenges. Why? From Tara’s tips, detailed further on, you’ll learn that the best way to deal with seasickness is to be proactive. 

If you embark on an expedition cruise to Antarctica from South America, your seasickness hot spot is the Drake Passage, the infamous 'roughest sea' on Earth. The Drake floats between South America and Antarctica. Because there are no significant landmasses across the globe at that latitude, winds and sea currents are allowed to run rampant. Sometimes, they really do!

Crossing the Drake Passage takes two days, one way. As soon as you navigate through the calm Beagle Channel, you enter the passage and have about a 50/50 chance of dealing with rough seas for the next 48 hours. Half the time, the Drake is blissfully calm, and the crossing is an absolute delight of marine life spotting and cruising enjoyment. After reaching the Antarctic Peninsula, you'll be in relatively calm waters, which don't usually cause seasickness in cruise passengers.

Insider tip – Some seasickness sufferers choose to skip the Drake altogether – preferring to fly to King George Island, thus bypassing the passage and picking up their cruise just north of the Antarctic Peninsula. This option is viable for anyone who gets a little green around the gills, even on a 10-minute ferry ride in a calm bay. See our blog Is it Better to Fly or Cruise to Antarctica?

The Drake Passage connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. It takes around 48 hours to cross it by expedition ship, and two hours to fly right over it. 

When travelling to Antarctica from New Zealand , you'll embark on one of the world’s most epic seafaring voyages. These month-long adventures include a whole first-week crossing open seas to reach East Antarctica, the remotest and least visited side of the White Continent. There, you’ll be in the Ross Sea, which can be notoriously rough of its own accord.

Unfortunately, you cannot fly to Antarctica from New Zealand and skip the Ross Sea. On these longer, more immersive expeditions, avoiding seasickness is paramount.

The Ross Sea is a marine wildlife haven, home to over one-third of all penguin species and almost 50% of the world’s Weddel seals. The Ross Sea Ice Shelf is the world’s largest and a major highlight on Antarctic expeditions from New Zealand.

The good news is that most people adjust to seasickness within 24 hours of casting off. Once your body acclimatizes to motion, it will be improbable that you will continue to feel nauseous beyond day 2. The key is to keep up with anti-seasickness medication for the duration of the trip, regardless.

Now that you know where you will likely encounter the roughest seas on Antarctica expeditions, it’s time to discover the best tricks of the trade to keep seasickness at bay.

See Viva’s Antarctica Cruises from New Zealand / Australia . 

Tara’s top 10 tips for dealing with seasickness 

When dealing with seasickness, Tara says the best tactic is to use various antidotes simultaneously. The more you adopt, the higher your chance of keeping all your insides on the inside. It’s also about acting fast, before seasickness even has a chance to get a look-in. 

According to Tara, the key is to prevent seasickness before it takes hold. You'll win the battle if you can manage to hold off the BIG stuff from the get-go (like severe nausea and vomiting). If the weather forecast isn't looking great or you suspect you might easily suffer seasickness, start taking your medication after dinner on the evening before departure. Don’t wait until you feel sick to do something about it – antidotes will have to work much harder to make you feel a-ok. 

Tara swears by promethazine – a first-generation antihistamine that is proven to block the receptors responsible for motion sickness. Antihistamines are not traditionally used for motion sickness, but they are renowned for being exceptionally effective – because if it's good enough for NASA , it’s good enough for us!

We recommend you speak to your doctor or pharmacist before travelling to find the perfect anti-nausea medication that works for you. Nowadays, you'll find an array of tablets, patches, drinks, drops, and even wristbands designed to help you deal with seasickness. Some medications can cause undesirable side effects, so if trying something for the first time, it might be wise to do a trial run at home to see how you react. The last thing you want on an expedition cruise is to deal with two problems, so find the best medication for you before going anywhere.

There’s a world of seasickness medication out there – speak to your doctor or pharmacist to find the one that’s right for you.

Limiting your coffee and alcohol intake during rough sea crossings goes a long way in dodging seasickness. Don't worry; you'll have plenty of time to enjoy both once you are cruising Antarctica proper – just skip them during the Drake or Ross Sea crossings, and you'll help prevent seasickness. This is arguably the #1 thing to avoid to dodge severe seasickness on Antarctica expedition cruises. 

Tara says ginger and peppermint are the natural superheroes of her fight against seasickness. Ginger is undoubtedly a proven anti-nausea remedy and can be taken dry (Tara loves to chew on dry ginger from the moment she's underway) or as a tea or ginger ale drink. Tara is also partial to ginger and peppermint tea (believes the combination of the two works a treat) and finds green apples – in particular – also do a great job of keeping nausea at bay. 

Anyone easily nauseated will probably already know the benefits of munching on dry, salty crackers. Among the things to pack to avoid seasickness include plenty of saltines (alongside your dry ginger and anti-nausea medication) as well as dry banana chips and nuts. The latter two will help keep your energy levels up while you arguably consume fewer calories from complete meals and are also known to help against nausea. 

It might seem counterintuitive to the unaccustomed, but seasickness experts will tell you that cruising on an empty stomach is a big no-no. You might reason that if there's nothing in your stomach, what could you possibly vomit? But your stomach juices will prove you wrong. The trick is to put a little something in your stomach, but not too much. Those saltines and a few pieces of dry ginger are just what the doctor ordered. 

One of the most effective seasickness remedies is to lie down, put on a sleeping mask and earplugs, and take some time out from overstimulating sights, sounds and smells. That means no reading or watching movies on an I-pad! Since motion sickness derives from the misfiring of messages (your eyes say you're not moving, but your body feels otherwise), dulling a couple of senses goes a long way in mitigating the effects of cruising. Even if you don’t manage to sleep, this kind of rest can be even more effective than any other kind of medication out there. 

A big lungful of fresh air does wonders against nausea. Mind you, if you’re crossing the Ross Sea mid-storm, the beneficial effects might be counteracted. Wait for a calm moment and get out of the at-times stuffy indoors, and you're guaranteed to feel much better. Looking out to the horizon is also a fantastic antidote to motion sickness because your eyes, body and brain can finally all agree: you ARE in motion!

The fresh air and stellar views will make you feel a whole lot better. 

On an expedition ship, your happy non-nauseating place – and the calmest point – will be somewhere smack-bang in the centre. Usually, cabins are aligned on either side of the ship so a central location might be a reading room. Now, you will not want to be doing any reading, but this is the perfect spot to put on your headset and listen to some relaxing music.

And if ALL these tips fail to starve off seasickness on your Antarctica expedition cruise… 

Make sure to pack rehydration salts/electrolytes

Dehydration is a debilitating consequence of seasickness. If you do get sick, taking rehydration salts will help you recover quickly. To be honest, many anti-seasickness medications also cause dehydration so if you develop a headache, it’s a good idea to add some Hydralyte to your drinking water anyhow.

Hydralyte helps keep you hydrated with or without seasickness.

We hope Tara’s top tips for dealing with seasickness will help you prepare for your extraordinary expedition without any anxiety or stress. Once you build your own 'arsenal of anti-seasickness remedies', you can cast off on an expedition and feel confident you'll enjoy the absolute adventure of a lifetime.

Contact our Destination Specialists to learn more about upcoming expedition cruises to Antarctica .

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Massive waves bombard Drake Passage cruise ships in viral videos. What to know about Antarctica cruises

Waves in drake passage can reach up to 40 feet.

Large waves buffet Antarctica cruise ship in Drake Passage

One American woman was killed and four others injured after a rogue wave hit the cruise ship. (Ann Clark Mah)

Several harrowing videos of heavy waves battering cruise ships in the Drake Passage as passengers look on have gone viral in recent months, serving as a reminder that the high-priced cruises to Antarctica, while breathtaking, take passengers through arguably the most treacherous waters in the world.

In early December, a TikTok vlogger who goes by "Natasha" shared a video of massive waves battering her cruise ship as it sailed through the Drake Passage between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans at the southern tip of South America. The video was viewed more than 12 million times, the New York Post reported .

"Waves are crazy in Drake Passage," another user named "Edmundo" posted on TikTok in December to show a cruise ship dealing with rough seas: "Reaches Deck 6 of our ship."

"It’s very common," travel expert Lee Abbamonte, who has traveled to all 193 United Nation member states along with the North and South Pole, told Fox News Digital about the rough seas in the Drake Passage.

VIKING POLARIS PASSENGERS SPEAK OUT AFTER 'ROGUE WAVE' STRIKES ANTARCTIC CRUISE SHIP, KILLING AMERICAN WOMAN

The bow of the icebreaker Kapitan Khlebnikov pushes through a wave in rough seas while crossing the Drake Passage. (David Tipling/Universal Images Group via Getty Images/File)

"The Antarctica season is very short, only a few months, and the Drake is notorious for its waves being unpredictable," Abbamonte said. "Some get lucky and get Drake Lake, others will likely be laying horizontal for a few days. It’s Antarctica, not the Caribbean."

In late November, a 62-year-old American passenger on a Viking cruise ship was killed when a rogue wave smashed through a window , sending broken glass flying. Four other passengers suffered non-life threatening injuries.

NYC-SIZED ICE SHELF COLLAPSES IN EAST ANTARCTICA

Waves are seen crashing alongside the Viking Polaris cruise ship during its recent voyage in the Drake Passage. (Ann Clark Mah/File)

The Viking Polaris ship, which was traveling near Argentinian city of Ushuaia on an Antarctic cruise, suffered "limited damage" and returned to Buenos Aires after canceling the voyage.

The massive currents colliding at the 620-mile-wide waterway results in layers of cold seawater from the south mixing with warmer seawater from the north, which causes powerful eddies that are often exacerbated by strong winds from storms, according to travel blog Oceanwide Expeditions.

Blogger Candice Gaukel Andrews wrote about a trip across the passage in 2015, writing that she woke up one night to waves hitting the ship "as if I were riding a bucking horse in a rodeo."

"Not only were we bouncing up and down on huge swells, but we were also twisting side to side," Andrews wrote. "I clung to the side of my bed with white knuckles to keep from falling out. My roommate finally gave up trying to stay put, shoved her mattress onto the floor and flopped on top of it. Everything that wasn’t bolted down—books, bottles, papers, pens—went flying through the room, much as if we were experiencing zero gravity that had somehow speeded up."

"Outside the porthole, though, it looked more like a washing machine."

THIRD AUSTRALIAN CRUISE IN WEEKS TURNS INTO 'NIGHTMARE' AFTER FUNGUS OUTBREAK PREVENTS ENTRY INTO NEW ZEALAND

Waves break on the Greenpeace ship Arctic Sunrise in the Drake Passage as it navigates toward the Antarctic Peninsula on Feb. 10, 2018. (Reuters/Alexandre Meneghini/File)

The average water flow of the main current that flows through the passage, the west-to-east Antarctic Circumpolar Current, stretches more than 12,400 miles and is estimated to carry 135 million cubic meters of water, about 600 times the Amazon River’s volume.

The choppy waters of the Drake Passage, named after English explorer Sir Francis Drake, who never actually traveled through the waterway but sailed close to the location in 1578, are believed to have caused more than 800 shipwrecks .

Generally, it is believed that the best month to visit Antarctica is in January when the Drake Passage seas are typically calmer, but the waterway remains unpredictable regardless of the month.

ANTARCTICA’S THWAITES 'DOOMSDAY GLACIER' SCIENTIFIC STUDY BLOCKED BY GIANT ICEBERG

Despite the sometimes dangerous waters and waves that can reach up to 40 feet, Abbamonte says passengers are willing to shell out "upwards of $20-$30K" in some case for the chance to visit the remote continent via luxury cruise.

"You can go out in zodiacs and see the ice up close," Abbamonte said. "Some people actually jump into the water, and you generally will see a lot of penguins in their own habitat."

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Abbamonte said that the cruises to Antarctica are "very safe as far as expedition cruises go" despite the viral videos showing rough seas, and that travelers who would rather avoid the Drake Passage can fly to Antarctica, but those trips can be more expensive.

Andrew Mark Miller is a reporter at Fox News. Find him on Twitter @andymarkmiller and email tips to [email protected].

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On an Antarctica21 air-cruise, fly the Drake Passage and avoid the discomfort of a rough sea crossing. Land on the Last Continent in just two hours after our quick flight.

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The Antarctic Air-Cruise

Before Antarctica21 began to fly to Antarctica, travelers who wanted to reach the Antarctic Peninsula had only one option: a 4-day sail across and back again through the rough seas of the Drake Passage. But since 2003, our boutique-style wilderness adventures have offered a far more comfortable alternative.

Fly to Antarctica One of the most complex parts about visiting Antarctica is the Drake Passage’s rough seas that separate the 7th continent from South America. However, our combination of flights and cruises allows passengers to take a flight over the Drake Passage. Our two-hour flight takes you from Punta Arenas, the international gateway to Chilean Patagonia, directly to Antarctica. Once there, you then board your expedition ship—no stormy crossing and no seasickness. Enjoy a quick, total immersion in your Antarctic adventure.

Explore Antarctica Antarctica is one of the most unexplored places on our planet. There is plenty of wildlife, incredible landscapes, and more that our combination of Antarctica flights and cruises allow you to see. Our small expedition vessels are more like private yachts, offering direct access to areas along the Antarctic shore that larger ships simply can’t reach. In addition, because we have fewer guests, you get on and off faster, so your time ashore is focused where it should be – savoring every moment of a travel experience unlike any other.

Antarctica21 offers several different Antarctica flights and cruises. Therefore, you can pick an adventure that sparks your interests the most. In fact, our most popular option is the Classic Antarctica Air-Cruise . Nevertheless, other options include the Polar Circle , South Georgia and Antarctica , and the Antarctica Express Air-Cruise .

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The 8 Roughest Seas For Cruise Ships (RANKED!)

Going on a cruise is the perfect combination of adventure and relaxation, a chance to explore the world from the decks of luxury.

However, traveling by sea comes with unpredictable moods and the possibility of rough seas. Modern cruise ships are engineered to withstand rough conditions, but knowing which seas are notoriously turbulent can help in planning your journey.

For those that are prone to seasickness or nervous about a rough voyage, there are certain seas they may want to avoid.

From the swirling currents of the North Atlantic to the icy gusts of the Southern Ocean, we’ll guide you through the roughest seas that even experienced cruise ships respect…

Table of Contents

Roughest Seas For Cruise Ships

The Drake Passage

If you’re looking to cross off all seven continents, you’ll have to board an expedition ship to step foot on Antarctica, as mainstream cruise lines only traverse through the Drake Passage.

The Drake Passage is one of the roughest seas in the world, and it’s located between Cape Horn and the South Shetland Islands.

It’s the shortest crossing between Antarctica and the rest of the world, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

The area has no large landmasses, so there is a large, unimpeded flow of current that carries a huge volume of water through the passage.

When these strong currents meet high wind speeds, the result is a sea state that is notoriously rough. This combination of factors contributes to conditions where it is quite likely for passengers to encounter rough seas in this area.

These challenging conditions are a defining characteristic of Cape Horn, making it one of the most hostile waters for sea travel.

The Bay of Biscay

If you plan to take a European cruise, you should approach the Bay of Biscay with caution.

The Bay of Biscay is located off the west coast of France and the north of Spain.

The Bay of Biscay is home to parts of the continental shelf that extend far into the bay, resulting in some shallow waters.

This is an area that experiences the fiercest Atlantic weather, and the combination of powerful winds and a shallow seabed can produce large waves.

Traveling during the summer months can significantly enhance your chances of encountering smoother seas.

On the other hand, opting for a late spring journey may bring you face-to-face with the unique “June Gloom” phenomenon. This is characterized by a vast fog triangle that often envelops the southern part of the bay.

This seasonal atmospheric condition, most prevalent in June, results in a dense fog that adds a mystical ambiance to the area, though it doesn’t typically affect sea conditions significantly.

Cruises that often sail through the Bay of Biscay include those sailing from Southampton to Portugal and Spain. Transatlantic voyages that begin in the UK and Northern Europe will often sail south and visit the Azores before beginning to cross the ocean, too.

When cruising through the Bay of Biscay, be prepared for rough seas and pack accordingly. It is recommended to bring motion sickness medication and warm clothing, as the weather can be unpredictable.

The Gulf of Alaska

If you’re heading on a cruise around Alaska, you will be pleased to hear that most of the cruise will be spent on the beautiful calm waters of the Inside Passage, where a string of islands will provide shelter and a high chance of smooth sailing.

But, if you are heading for ports at Seward, Whittier, or Anchorage, you will have to cross the Gulf of Alaska.

These waters are much rougher than the protected waters of the Inside Passage due to strong surface currents and cold air.

This is a much rougher area where strong surface currents and cold arctic air meet to generate powerful storms that affect British Columbia and the western U.S. Storms can happen at any time, but the worst time is between October and February.

Note: the vast majority of Alaska cruises take place within the sheltered waters of the Inside Passage. If you want to avoid cruising through the Gulf of Alaska, consider a round-trip cruise from Seattle.

However, cruises that do traverse through the Gulf of Alaska tend to visit more remote parts of Alaska, providing a unique and adventurous experience.

The Atlantic Ocean

Whenever you cross a large body of water, you’re more likely to encounter some rough waves since there’s no land nearby to provide any protection.

The Atlantic Ocean is no exception. Transatlantic cruises tend to see their roughest waters in November, December, and February.

If you’re going to embark on a transatlantic cruise in the winter, it’ll most likely be on either a luxury cruise line like Oceania or Cunard from New York to Southampton and vice versa.

While the winter months are the most intense, it’s important to note that other times of the year can also be impacted, particularly during hurricane season.

It’s always a good idea to keep an eye on the weather forecast and prepare accordingly.

If you’re concerned about rough waters, it’s best to stick to more protected areas of the Atlantic, such as the Caribbean or Mediterranean, where the waters are generally calmer.

The Mediterranean

If you’re looking to stay in the Mediterranean and visit culturally rich ports of call like Barcelona, Rome, Naples, then you’re in luck.

While the sea itself is relatively sheltered, It can be surprisingly rough, subject to rough waters in the fall and winter, as this is when the winds are the strongest.

Rough seas can happen at any time, though, and spring and summer cruise passengers might experience some rough seas.

Cruises in the Western Mediterranean, often embarking from ports like Barcelona or Rome, might encounter a unique weather phenomenon known as a “medicane.” This term, a blend of “Mediterranean” and “hurricane,” describes a rare but intense storm that shares characteristics with hurricanes and can impact this region.

These medicanes, though not as common as typical hurricanes, can still significantly influence sea conditions and cruise experiences in the Western Mediterranean.

This is a tropical storm that usually hits the region about once a year, most commonly in the autumn.

The Caribbean

The allure of the Caribbean as a cruising hotspot is undeniable, with its stunning beaches, crystal-clear waters, and inviting tropical cocktails. It’s a destination that appeals all year round, offering a blend of relaxation and scenic beauty.

Yet, it’s important to note that the region does experience its share of stormy weather, particularly during the hurricane season, which spans from June to November.

The likelihood of encountering hurricanes and tropical storms is highest from August to September.

If the idea of navigating through larger waves or facing potential changes in your cruise itinerary is less appealing, it might be wise to plan your trip outside these months.

Additionally, in the Caribbean, where different bodies of water converge, such as the meeting point of the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, there’s an increased likelihood of encountering rough seas, especially during the storm-prone months.

The South China Sea

If you’re planning on taking an Asian cruise, you may be curious about the South China Sea.

This region is becoming increasingly popular for mainstream cruise lines, with Disney Cruise Line and Royal Caribbean both increasing their presence in Asia.

This area, part of the northwest Pacific Ocean, is known for its susceptibility to storms throughout the year, potentially leading to rough sea conditions.

Tropical typhoons and cyclones, most prevalent during the tropical storm season from July to November, are the primary causes of the biggest waves in this region. Storm activity tends to peak around late August and early September.

Key departure ports for cruises traversing this area include Singapore, along with other popular ports like Hong Kong, Shanghai, Beijing, and Bangkok. Routes connecting China to destinations such as Vietnam, Cambodia, or the Philippines are particularly prone to typhoons, which can result in a turbulent journey and possible changes to port stops.

On top of this, the South China Sea encompasses a region known as “The Dangerous Ground.” This area is infamous for its hidden dangers, including low-lying islands and submerged reefs that can emerge unexpectedly from the depths.

Due to its complex geography and historical territorial disputes, this zone is typically avoided in Asian cruise itineraries, regardless of the starting port. This precaution is taken to ensure a safer and smoother cruising experience in the often unpredictable waters of the South China Sea.

The North Sea

If you’re planning a cruise to North Europe, the British Isles, or even Iceland, you’ll likely have to pass through the North Sea.

Sailing through the North Sea can be quite challenging due to its susceptibility to high winds and waves, which often result in rough waters and thick fogs.

Traveling through the North Sea, especially from ports like Southampton to destinations such as Edinburgh, cruisers may encounter rough conditions.

The waters here can get particularly choppy, causing ships to experience significant rocking, akin to the sensations of a roller coaster.

While modern cruise ships are designed to handle these rough seas, passengers should be prepared for potential changes in their itineraries.

What Is Considered Rough Seas For A Cruise Ship?

Rough seas for a cruise ship are typically characterized by high winds and significant wave heights, which can lead to noticeable ship movement and discomfort for passengers.

Generally, waves exceeding 7-8 feet (about 2-2.5 meters) are considered rough, but modern cruise ships are designed to handle much higher waves safely.

The Beaufort Wind Scale, which categorizes wind speed, is often used to gauge sea conditions; rough seas are usually indicated by wind speeds over 17 knots (about 20 mph or 31 km/h).

These conditions can cause a cruise ship to pitch (move up and down) or roll (tilt side to side), leading to a more turbulent experience on board.

The perception of roughness can can vary among passengers, depending on their susceptibility to seasickness and the design and size of the ship. Larger, more modern cruise ships are equipped with stabilizers that significantly reduce the rolling motion, making them more resilient to rough seas.

Despite this, in extremely high seas with waves reaching over 15 feet (4.5 meters) or in the case of severe storms, even large ships might experience noticeable movement.

Cruise lines closely monitor weather conditions and may alter itineraries to avoid rough seas for passenger comfort and safety.

What Time Of Year Are Seas The Roughest?

The roughest seas typically occur during the transition between seasons, particularly in regions prone to cyclones or hurricanes.

In the Atlantic and Caribbean, for instance, the hurricane season peaks from August to October, bringing turbulent seas with higher risks of storms and rough conditions.

Similarly, in the Pacific, typhoon season, which typically lasts from May to October, can lead to rough seas, especially around Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific.

In contrast, the Southern Hemisphere experiences its roughest seas during its winter months, from June to August. This is especially true in areas like the Southern Ocean, where cruises to destinations like Antarctica are affected.

The Drake Passage, known for some of the world’s most challenging sailing conditions, sees its roughest waters during this period.

On top of this, areas like the North Sea and the Mediterranean can also experience rougher conditions during the winter months.

Are Cruise Ships Safe in Rough Seas?

Yes, cruise ships are safe in rough seas. They are designed to withstand waves up to 15 feet high, and they have stabilizers to reduce the amount of rocking felt onboard. However, you may still feel the motion of the waves, especially if they are particularly large.

If the captain deems it necessary, they may order passengers to stay indoors. It is also a good idea to stay seated and take medication for motion sickness if necessary.

In extreme weather conditions, such as encountering 30-foot waves, cruise ships like the Anthem of the Seas have successfully navigated through with no major issues or injuries to passengers or crew.

Are Seas Rough in the Caribbean?

The Caribbean, renowned for its typically calm cruising conditions, does encounter rougher seas under certain circumstances.

The Atlantic hurricane season, spanning from June to November, presents the highest likelihood of experiencing turbulent waters in the Caribbean, particularly in zones where the Caribbean Sea converges with the Atlantic Ocean.

Despite these seasonal challenges, major cruise lines continue to operate numerous voyages to the Caribbean throughout the hurricane season.

They often modify their sailing routes to circumvent the most severe storms, which means that cruise itineraries may be more prone to alterations during these months.

Are Seas Rough On A Transatlantic Cruise?

Seas on a transatlantic cruise can indeed be rough at times, primarily due to the vast and open nature of the Atlantic Ocean. The experience of rough seas on such a cruise largely depends on the time of year and the specific route taken.

For example, during the Atlantic hurricane season, which runs from June to November, there’s a higher chance of encountering rougher seas, particularly in the North Atlantic. This is due to the increased likelihood of storms and turbulent weather patterns.

Are Seas Rough Around Japan?

The seas around Japan can be rough at certain times of the year, influenced by the region’s specific climatic conditions. The most significant factor is the typhoon season, which typically runs from May to October.

During this period, the waters around Japan can become particularly turbulent due to the increased likelihood of typhoons and storms.

These weather events can lead to high waves and strong winds, creating challenging conditions for sea travel.

Are The Seas Rough Around Cape Horn?

The seas around Cape Horn, located at the southern tip of South America, are notorious for being some of the roughest in the world.

This reputation is largely due to the confluence of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in this region, combined with strong winds, large waves, and unpredictable weather patterns.

The area is known for its challenging sailing conditions, characterized by what sailors call the “Roaring Forties” and “Furious Fifties” — strong westerly winds found in the Southern Hemisphere, particularly between the latitudes of 40 and 50 degrees.

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Antarctica is one of the most rewarding and otherworldly destinations you can cruise to. Filled with towering icebergs, snow-capped peaks, hundreds of penguins and some of the most gorgeous sunsets and sunrises you’ve ever seen, cruises here are often considered to be the ultimate voyage.

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Getting to Antarctica, however, can be problematic, as doing so requires guests to sail across the dreaded Drake Passage. It’s one of the world’s most notoriously rough stretches of water, and I have very distinct memories of the Norwegian captain on my own cruise to Antarctica saying we were “getting off easy” with 26-foot seas and gale-force winds.

Avoid the rough seas in the passage to Antarctica Back to video

It’s a rite of passage – but if you’re prone to seasickness, just the thought of having to deal with the Drake can put prospective guests off from visiting Antarctica. Fortunately, someone thought of that and came up with a solution.

In addition to offering standard, multi-length expedition cruises to Antarctica, Quark Expeditions is one of the few small-ship cruise lines that will let you bypass the Drake Passage altogether.

The line offers guests the ability to skip this turbulent stretch of water with its “Fly the Drake” itineraries. Ranging in length from just one week to 11 days, guests can elect to skip the Drake Passage one way or both ways thanks to charter flights from the Chilean ports of Santiago and Punta Arenas that fly guests across the passage, dropping them off on King George Island, where they’re ferried by Zodiac raft to their waiting expedition ship.

From there, guests will get to explore some of the wonders of the Antarctic Peninsula, including Neko Harbor, with its massive Gentoo penguin population; and Port Lockroy, which used to function as a military outpost and is now a functioning museum and post-office. Then, of course, there’s the scenic cruising through historic sites like the Lemaire Channel.

It might be too late to get in on these expeditions this year (though there were still some spaces for the line’s December 2016 sailings as I write this), but Quark is offering 11 of these “Fly the Drake” departures for the 2017-18 winter season.

Beginning on December 11, 2017 and running until February 16, 2018, these sailings will take place aboard the newly-refitted Sea Adventurer and the nimble, 108-guest Island Sky. It’s small-ship expedition cruising at its best – without all the seasickness.

Visit fromthedeckchair.com for more cruise news and live voyage reports.

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All the Major Cruise Lines That Sail to Antarctica, From the Cheapest to the Most Expensive

V isiting Antarctica may have been difficult just 20 years ago, but today, it’s only a matter of booking one of dozens of cruises that travel to the seventh continent. Every year during the Antarctic summer (from November to March), a variety of cruise lines take travelers to see icebergs, go kayaking, and observe Antarctica’s fascinating wildlife with their own eyes.

But there’s a catch: Not all cruises lines have the same privileges while in Antarctica. According to the rules and regulations of the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO) and the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), only ships with 500 guests or fewer can organize landing activities, including penguin-viewing hikes, overnight camping expeditions , kayak tours, and more. The cruise lines that are allowed to land in Antarctica are usually much more expensive than the bigger ships, so you’re going to have to weigh your options and choose your cruise line wisely.

Norwegian Cruise Line

Celebrity cruises, princess cruises, holland america, swan hellenic, lindblad expeditions, seabourn cruise line, aurora expeditions, silversea cruises, regent seven seas.

The Norwegian Star in Antarctica. Photo: NCL /Shutterstock

Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL), which only started sailing to Antarctica in 2023, has only one ship making the trip to the seventh continent: the Norwegian Star. NCL sails to Antarctica between six and seven times per year as part of larger voyages in South America.

Guests traveling to Antarctica with NCL do not disembark the ship and can only take in the beauty of the Antarctic region and its wildlife from the comfort of the Norwegian Star as it sails by Paradise Bay and Elephant Island.

• Antarctica cruise cost with Norwegian Cruise Line: Starting at $1,750 per person.
• Can guests go on shore ? No

Celebrity Cruises has been sailing to Antarctica since 2010, with a very limited number of voyages per season. In 2026, the cruise line will offer only three cruises to Antarctica, all of which will be on board the Celebrity Equinox and will depart in January.

The Celebrity Equinox can accommodate a total of 2852 guests on board, a number that does not allow for landing on the seventh continent. Guests on board the ship will therefore only enjoy Antarctica’s dramatic landscapes from afar, but thanks to the onboard expert naturalists, they will be able to spot penguins, seals, and whales.

• Antarctica cruise cost with Celebrity cruises: Celebrity Cruises’ 14-night Antarctica itinerary visiting Elephant Island, Gerlache Straight, Schollart Channel, and Paradise Bay start at $2,105 per person.

Princess Cruises has been sailing to Antarctica since 2003, and currently offers less than than 10 trips to the continent each year. Princess Cruises’ Sapphire Princess , accommodating up to 2,670 guests, is the only ship of the fleet to sail to Antarctica’s waters.

Because of the large number of passengers on board the Sapphire Princess, guests are not allowed to land in Antarctica and can only see the continent from afar. Sapphire Princess takes more passengers to Antarctica than any other ship on the IAATO list.

However, passengers don’t have to stay on board the entire time, as Princess Cruises’ voyages to Antarctica are combined with other destinations in South America. So guests can go on land and book excursions in countries like Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Peru, and Brazil.

• Antarctica cruise cost with Princess Cruises: Starting at $2,619 per person

Holland America began sailing to Antarctica more than 20 years ago, but only a few of the cruise line’s itineraries include the continent. Holland America’s Oosterdam and Volendam are the only ships of the fleet to travel to Antarctica, and they only do so as part of larger South America or Grand Voyage itineraries .

When sailing to Antarctica, Holland America travels through the bays and islands of the Palmer Archipelago off the northern tip of the long Antarctic Peninsula, along the Danco Coast, and through the Antarctic Sound. Because the number of guests on board the ships exceeds 500, landings are not permitted. But there is a naturalist on board to help guests spot and identify wildlife, including penguins and birds, as well as the many whales that live in the waters around Antarctica.

• Antarctica cruise cost with Holland America: The 22-Day South America and Antarctica Holiday starts at $2979 per person.

Swan Hellenic has been sailing to Antarctica for just four years, with about 20 offerings per season between two vessels: the SH Diana and the SH Vega, both of which are five-star boutique ships holding no more than 200 passengers. Weather permitting, the guides with Swan Hellenic are able to take passengers on Zodiac cruises and kayak tours, allowing for closer wildlife-watching opportunities.

While on board, guests have access to expert lecturers speaking on the history and latest discoveries in astronomy, astrophysics, astrobiology and planetary science, thanks to Swan Hellenic’s SETI Explore Space at Sea Series .

• Antarctica cruise cost with Swan Hellenic: Starting at $6,380 per person
• Can guests go on shore?  Yes

Atlas Ocean Voyages

Photo: Atlas Ocean Voyages

Atlas Ocean Voyages has been sending its its entire fleet of ships to the southernmost part of the world every Antarctic summer, which includes the World Traveller, the World Voyager, and the World Navigator. Collectively, they offer about three dozen sailings per year.

Atlas Ocean Voyages’ ships, which carry fewer than 200 passengers at a time, are purpose-built for Arctic and Antarctic exploration. But they are also meant to provide guests with luxury experiences, with exceptional food and service on board, high-end staterooms, a L’Occitane spa, sauna amenities, and more.

While getting out of the ship is never guaranteed since ice floes, icebergs, and changing sea and weather conditions can make navigation difficult, the Atlas Ocean Voyages captains and expedition teams always aim to take guests on shore landings and Zodiac safaris, allowing for sightseeing and chances to spot unique Antarctic wildlife. The cruise line even organizes a polar plunge when the conditions allow.

All guests on Atlas Ocean Voyages’ Antarctica sailings are gifted with a polar parka and a vest to take home. Atlas Ocean Voyages is an all-inclusive cruise line, so drinks, excursions with the expedition team, and enrichment programs are all included in the price.

• Antarctica cruise cost with Atlas Ocean Voyages: Starting at $6,699 per person, plus $450 port charges per person.
• Can guests go on shore? Yes

Read more about Antarctica: 18 Things You Need to Know Before Taking an Antarctic Cruise Education Meets Expedition on This Luxury Cruise to Antarctica This Hotel in Florence Is Inside an Old Museum What It’s Like to Sail to Antarctica on a Cruise Ship’s Maiden Voyage What It’s Like to Sleep on the World’s Coldest Continent Here’s What Life Is Like Aboard the Most Luxurious Ship Cruising Antarctica A Commercial Cruise Line Helped Discover a New Colony of Penguins in Antarctica

Lindblad Expeditions was a pioneer in the field of Antarctica tourism, having sailed to the white continent with citizen (i.e., non-scientist) travelers for the first time in 1966. Now, Lindblad offers eight different Antarctic itineraries of eight, 12, or more than 20 days on four different expedition ships: the National Geographic Explorer, the National Geographic Endurance, the National Geographic Resolution, and the National Geographic Orion.

The National Geographic Endurance and the National Geographic Resolution both launched in 2021. They’re built to safely and comfortably sail in the rough, ice-covered waters of the Antarctic, but also to be as sustainable and fuel efficient as possible. The ships’ designs reduce propulsion power in rough seas, as well as noise and vibrations, which creates less disturbance for wildlife.

While in Antarctica, guests can take guided hikes, paddle on kayak tours through sea ice, and go on cross-country ski excursions. On board, a slew of experts share their knowledge of geology, wildlife biology, climate science, and more with the guests.

On certain itineraries, Lindblad Expeditions offers guests the chance to skip the crossing of Drake Passage by flying one or both ways from King George Island.

• Antarctica cruise cost with Lindblad Expeditions: Starting at $8,066 per person.

Seabourn has been taking passengers to Antarctica on ultra-luxury small expedition ships every year since 2013. Two ships from the Seabourn fleet (the Seabourn Venture and the Seabourn Pursuit) make the trip. Both are expedition ships engineered for voyages to difficult-to-reach destinations, though they’re also upscale, with guest comfort and indulgence in mind.

While every outdoor activity in Antarctica is dependent on good weather, all Seabourn sailings to Antarctica intend to land and take guests on various activities, such as Zodiac cruises around icebergs, kayak tours through sea ice, photo classes at penguin colonies, and plenty of hiking options. Seabourn provides all its guests with complimentary Seabourn parkas and backpacks, so they don’t have to bring their own from home.

While on board the ships, Seabourn keeps the Antarctica experience exciting by organizing digital photography workshops, enrichment program, and lectures by special guest speakers.

• Antarctica cruise cost with Seabourn: Fare prices vary by itinerary and length. Prices can start from around $9,859.
• Can guests go on shore?  Yes

Hurtigruten Expeditions (HX)

England-based HX (Hurtigruten Expeditions), the world’s largest expedition cruise line, has been sailing to Antarctica since 2002. It’s now the largest operator in Antarctica by number of guests. During the 2024-2025 season, HX will sail 33 times to Antarctica, following eight different itineraries.

Three of HX’s ships sail to the seventh continent: the MS Fridtjof Nansen (a hybrid-powered ship rated the world’s most sustainable cruise ship in 2021), the MS Roald Amundsen (the world’s first hybrid-powered cruise ship), and the MS Fram.

HX offers its guests itineraries filled with outdoors activities, including Zodiac excursions, kayaking, wildlife viewing, and regular landings. Guests can participate in the cruise line’s Citizen Science program via seven different projects, such as penguins and whale research, fisheries management, and more.

• Antarctica cruise cost with HX: Antarctica voyages start from $10,120 for the Highlights of Antarctica itinerary.

Photo: Richard L’Anson / Aurora Expeditions

Aurora Expeditions is an Australian-owned cruise line that specializes in voyages to polar regions and remote corners of the world. The company sails to Antarctica around 25 to 30 times per year during the Antarctic season, and has been since 1992.

Three of Aurora Expeditions’ ships are purpose-built to sail to Antarctica: the Greg Mortimer, the Sylvia Earle, and, starting in late 2025, Aurora’s newest ship, the Douglas Mawson. There is an average of 132 passengers per ship on Aurora’s ships traveling the Antarctica, and this very low number allows for guests to get out of the ship up to three times per day for activities like Zodiac tours, sea kayaking, ice camping, skiing, and snowshoeing.

Aurora Expeditions is a certified B-corp, meaning it practices the highest levels of sustainability efforts. Travelers can take part in its “Sustainability in Action” or Citizen Science programs, the latter of which focuses on whales, seabirds, microplastics, pollution, weather patterns, phytoplankton, polar fjord lands, and marine biodiversity.

• Antarctica cruise cost with Aurora Expeditions: Starting at $10,556 per person (the Spirit of Antarctica itinerary)

Silversea Cruises began sailing to Antarctica in 2008 and is one of the most luxurious ways to visit the polar region. Each suite on the cruise line’s three Antarctica-bound ships (Silver Cloud, Silver Wind, and Silver Endeavour) has its own butler, whose role is exclusively to cater to guests’ needs. Silversea Cruises organizes around 40 sailings per year to Antarctica, more than any other cruise lines on this list.

But what makes the company stand out is the Fly & Cruise program, which lets guests skip sailing through the dreaded Drake Passage and instead fly business class to Antarctica on a chartered flight. Guests will first fly from Santiago to Punta Arenas to spend the night, then fly from Punta Arenas to King George Island, where the sailing begins. Look for cruises marked with the “Antarctica Bridge” label if that option interests you.

• Antarctica cruise cost with Silversea Cruises: Starting at $11,700 per person.

Photo: Viking

Viking started sailing to Antarctica in 2022 and now makes nearly 20 trips to the white continent every year. But only two ships from Viking’s large fleet sail to Antarctica: the Viking Octantis and the Viking Polaris, known collectively as Viking’s expedition fleet. Both luxury ships can accommodate a maximum of 378 guests and are specifically built for safe and comfortable expeditions to remote and ice-covered waters.

Because of the small number of passengers onboard Viking cruises to Antarctica, landing activities are possible. Led by expert guides, guests can go on kayak, and Zodiacs excursions, or even opt for a submarine dive to go more than 400 feet below the surface.

Viking is an all-inclusive cruise lines, so boat excursions, Wi-Fi, access to spa facilities and fitness centers, self-service laundry, 24-hour room service, and specialty dining have no extra charge. Guests on Viking sailings to Antarctica also receive a keepsake Viking expedition jacket as part of their cruise fare.

The Viking Octantis and the Viking Polaris are considered the companies floating research labs, with on-board scientists working on polar research. Fortunately, guests have plenty of options for learning about and even helping with the research.

• Antarctica cruise cost with Viking: Starting at $12,995 per person (the Antarctic Explorer itinerary)

Photo: Scenic

Scenic cruises makes roughly eight to 10 trips per season in its two purpose-designed ships: Scenic Eclipse I and Scenic Eclipse II, both of which accommodate a maximum of 200 guests.

Beyond the fact that Scenic Eclipse I and Scenic Eclipse II are specifically engineered to navigate ice-covered waters (with features like enhanced stabilizers and reinforced icebreaker hulls), the ships are also extremely luxurious. Guests get what the brand calls a “six-star experience,” thanks to roomier-than-average balcony suites, tailored butler service, a nearly one-to-one crew-to-guest ratio, the immense spa, and the state-of-the-art theater. There are also 10 dining options, plus nine bars and lounges.

When the weather permits, guests can leave the ship for hikes on land, Zodiac cruises, and kayaking or paddleboarding tours. Those who want to see the seventh continent from the air or from underwater have options via the cruise line’s two helicopters or custom submersible.

• Antarctica cruise cost with Scenic: Starting at $19,265 per person
• Can guests go on shore ? Yes

Regent Seven Seas is a fairly recent addition to the list of companies sailing to Antarctica, having only started in 2019 and making just six trips per year. In 2025, two of Regent Seven Seas’ six ships will travel to the seventh continent: the Seven Seas Splendor and Seven Seas Mariner.

Both ships have a guest capacity in the 700s, so neither is permitted to make landfall on the seventh continent. Most of the Regent Seven Seas cruises that go as far as Antarctica are several weeks long, leaving at least three or four days to spend in the water near the continent looking for wildlife and watching icebergs.

Regent Seven Seas Cruises is an all-inclusive and luxury cruise line, including in its price offerings like round-trip business-class flights from US and Canada, free unlimited shore excursions, high-end culinary offerings, valet laundry services, and more.

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Nervous About Rough Seas On Your Cruise? Here's How To Prepare Yourself

T aking a cruise is one of the most popular ways to travel and enjoy scenic ocean views and skylines. Cruises allow travelers to see several destinations in one trip, offer competitive rates, and can be done from Africa's west coast to the vibrant blue waters of Southeast Asia all the way down to Antarctica. Perhaps, the greatest perk involves travelers contributing minimal work and planning. But above all, cruises are typically family-friendly, making them a great option for travelers of varying ages.

With all that being said, there's still the elephant in the ship -- what happens when the vessel is struck with rough seas? From anti-nausea tactics to positioning yourself correctly on the craft, tried-and-true resolutions are available, and we'll share them with you. These are worth considering because rough waters are a damper to any cruise getaway, and it's challenging to enjoy a vacation when you're nauseous and nervous.

Before You Depart

If it looks like the weather will not be favorable for your cruise, don't panic and rush to cancel your trip. A cruise operator will assess the risks; they will know to withdraw if it's too dangerous to go out into the waters. Instead, you can take a few pre-trip actions to best prepare yourself should you face some unfavorable water conditions.

First, get plenty of rest before departing. You'll also want to pack anti-nausea and motion-sickness medicine -- Dramamine has been said to be a lifesaver for many passengers who embark on the dreaded Drake Passage. It is one of the world's roughest waterways thanks to the converging of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic Oceans and the most common way to get to Antarctica. But before purchasing any medication for your multi-day cruise, it's important to consult with your healthcare provider.

Wearing an acupressure wristband has also been known to positively affect seasickness. Without this small tool, one way to alleviate discomfort is by applying pressure to your wrist using your opposite thumb. You might also want to consider bringing ginger candies, as ginger is known to reduce nausea.

While On Board

Even with all the precautions you can take before travel, you can still face discomfort onboard. One of the strongest factors to consider after departing, should the water get rough, is where you position yourself on the ship. The further in toward the center of the craft, the less likely you are to get sick. Avoid the edges of the vessel, as that's where the feeling of roughness will be strongest.

Drink plenty of water, avoid screens like phones and TV, and moderate your alcohol intake. While consuming anything on rough seas might be tough, hydration and a few bites of food can help with nausea. See if your cruise offers aromatherapy, as breathing in peppermint and lavender has been known to ease nausea and nerves.

Most importantly, listen to the captain's announcements and follow the crew's instructions. While staying calm in situations like this isn't easy, taking a few deep breaths and remembering to trust the staff and crew, trained professionals for this exact type of situation, can make handling them much easier. If the weather is unsafe, the captain will likely call to change your itinerary, so remember to be flexible and understand that your trip might be a little different than expected for safety purposes.

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