jammu and kashmir visit by pm drishti ias

OPSC Prelims-2022, GS: Answer Key - Download Go to main site

A dedicated Portal for UPSC CSE and State PCS Preparation

-> UPSC Prelims
[email protected]
+91 9078759222

Subscribe to get the latest Update from us

Enquire now.

Akshat Jain, IAS, Rank - 2, CSE 2018 Shares the Secrets of His Success

Rishab CA Shares the Secrets of His Success

Chinmayee Chetna (OAS-2016 Topper) Reveals the Secrets to her Success

Rituparna Mohapatra, Rank-2 (OCS-2018), shares her success story

OAS Topper 2017 (Rank-2) Sanjita Mohapatra, shares her success story

Revision Module for UPSC CSE Prelims 2020

Your Message

PM’s Visit to Jammu & Kashmir

[gs paper 2 – centre-state relations].

Context – PM inaugurates projects estimated at 20,000 crores in Jammu and Kashmir on the occasion of National Panchayati Raj Day.

In 1st visit to J&K since the abrogation of Article 370, PM also inaugurated a solar power plant at Palli village in Samba district, making it India’s 1st ‘carbon-neutral’ panchayat.

Key Developments

All-Weather connectivity to Jammu & Kashmir
Inauguration of a 500KW solar power plant at Palli, Samba District
Laid the foundation stone of the Delhi-Amritsar-Katra Expressway
He also laid the foundation stone for the 850 MW Ratle Hydroelectric Project and 540 MW Kwar Hydroelectric Project to be constructed on the Chenab river in Kishtwar District.

About “Ek Bharat, Shreshtha Bharat”

Every State and UT in the country would be paired with another State/UT for a time period, during which they would carry out a structured engagement with one another in the spheres of language, literature, cuisine, festivals, cultural events, tourism etc.

The Iasexam.com is now on Telegram. Click here to join our channel (@iasexamdotcom1) and stay updated with the latest current affairs, editorials and MCQ patterns

Phone Number *

iasexam.com

Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)

Unrest in the Balochistan

India-Chile Strengthen Agricultural Ties

India’s Challenges in Non-Farm Employment

Insights IAS Brochure |
OUR CENTERS Bangalore Delhi Lucknow Mysuru --> Srinagar Dharwad Hyderabad

Call us @ 08069405205

Search Here

An Introduction to the CSE Exam
Personality Test
Annual Calendar by UPSC-2025
Common Myths about the Exam
About Insights IAS
Our Mission, Vision & Values
Director's Desk
Meet Our Team
Our Branches
Careers at Insights IAS
Daily Current Affairs+PIB Summary
Insights into Editorials
Insta Revision Modules for Prelims
Current Affairs Quiz
Static Quiz
Current Affairs RTM
Insta-DART(CSAT)
Insta 75 Days Revision Tests for Prelims 2024
Secure (Mains Answer writing)
Secure Synopsis
Ethics Case Studies
Insta Ethics
Weekly Essay Challenge
Insta Revision Modules-Mains
Insta 75 Days Revision Tests for Mains
Secure (Archive)
Anthropology
Law Optional
Kannada Literature
Public Administration
English Literature
Medical Science
Mathematics
Commerce & Accountancy
Monthly Magazine: CURRENT AFFAIRS 30
Content for Mains Enrichment (CME)
InstaMaps: Important Places in News
Weekly CA Magazine
The PRIME Magazine
Insta Revision Modules-Prelims
Insta-DART(CSAT) Quiz
Insta 75 days Revision Tests for Prelims 2022
Insights SECURE(Mains Answer Writing)
Interview Transcripts
Previous Years' Question Papers-Prelims
Answer Keys for Prelims PYQs
Solve Prelims PYQs
Previous Years' Question Papers-Mains
UPSC CSE Syllabus
Toppers from Insights IAS
Testimonials
Felicitation
UPSC Results
Indian Heritage & Culture
Ancient Indian History
Medieval Indian History
Modern Indian History
World History
World Geography
Indian Geography
Indian Society
Social Justice
International Relations
Agriculture
Environment & Ecology
Disaster Management
Science & Technology
Security Issues
Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude
Insights IAS Brochure

Indian Heritage & Culture
Enivornment & Ecology

How to Study Art & Culture?
What is Art and Culture? What is the difference between the two?
Indus Civilization
Evolution of rock-cut architecture in India
Important rock-cut caves
The contribution of Pallavas to Rock-cut architecture
Comparision of art form found at Ellora and Mahabalipuram
Buddhist Architecture
Early Temples in India
Basic form of Hindu temple
Dravida style of temple architecture
Nagara Style or North India Temple style
Vesara style of temple architecture
Characteristic features of Indo-Islamic form of architecture
Styles of Islamic architecture in the Indian subcontinent
Types of buildings in Islamic architecture in the Indian subcontinent
Evolution of this form of architecture during the medieval period
Modern Architecture
Post-Independence architecture
Indus Civilization Sculpture
Bharhut Sculptures
Sanchi Sculptures
Gandhara School of Sculpture
Mathura School of Sculpture
Amaravati School of Sculpture
Gupta Sculpture
Medieval School of Sculpture
Modern Indian Sculpture
Pre Historic Painting
Mural Paintings & Cave Paintings
Pala School
Mughal Paintings
Bundi School of Painting
Malwa School
Mewar School
Basohli School
Kangra School
Decanni School of Painting
Madhubani Paintings or Mithila paintings
Pattachitra
Kalighat Painting
Modern Indian Paintings
Personalities Associated to Paintings
Christianity
Zoroastrianism
Six Schools of Philosophy
Lokayata / Charvaka
Hindustani Music
Carnatic Music
Folk Music Tradition
Modern Music
Personalities associated with Music
Bharatanatyam
Mohiniattam
Folk Dances
Modern Dance in India
Sanskrit Theatre
Folk Theatre
Modern Theatre
Personalities associated with Theatre
History of Puppetry
String Puppetry
Shadow Puppetry
Rod Puppetry
Glove Puppetry
Indian Cinema and Circus
Shankaracharya
Ramanujacharya (1017-1137AD)
Madhvacharya
Vallabhacharya
Kabir (1440-1510 AD)
Guru Nanak (1469-1538 AD)
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
Shankar Dev
Purandaradasa
Samard Ramdas
Classical Languages
Scheduled Languages
Literature in Ancient India
Buddhist and Jain Literature
Tamil (Sangam) Literature
Malayalam Literature
Telugu Literature
Medieval Literature
Modern Literature
Important characteristics of Fairs and Festivals of India
Some of the major festivals that are celebrated in India
Art & Crafts
Ancient Science & Technology
Medieval Science & Technology
Famous Personalities in Science & Technology
Tangible Cultural Heritage
Intangible Cultural Heritage
Cultural Heritage Sites
Natural Heritage Sites
Important Institutions
Important programmes related to promotion and preservation of Indian heritage
Ochre Colored Pottery (OCP)
Black and Red Ware (BRW)
Painted Grey-Ware (PGW)
Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW)
Origin of Martial arts in India
Various forms of Martial arts in India
National Security Act (NSA), 1980
Major shortcomings in India’s national security architecture
National Security Strategy
National Security Doctrine
Meaning of Internal Security
Review of Internal Security Threats and Vulnerabilities
Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security
Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act
Insurgency in North East India (NEI)
Left-wing Extremism
Maoist insurgent more than just ideological problem
Women cadres in left-wing extremism
Illegal immigration in India’s northern and eastern borders
Reasons that sustain insurgency in north east India
Recent Developments
Correlation between development and extremism
Impact of US withdrawal from Afghanistan
AFSPA Meaning
Disturbed Area
Powers of armed forces under AFSPA
Origin of AFSPA
AFSPA in Nagaland
Constitutionality of AFSPA & Role of Judiciary
AFSPA, a draconian Act?
Experts Recommendation on AFSPA
But, why have AFSPA?
Terrorism and role of External State and Non-State Actors
Reasons for rise of Terrorism
Terror Funding
Terrorism Measures- Institutional and Legal Framework

Militancy in Jammu and Kashmir

Issues of Money Laundering
Working of Money Laundering
Evolving threats of Money laundering
Impacts of globalization on money laundering
Way forward
Cryptocurrency and Money Laundering
Statutory framework
Institutional framework
THE VIENNA CONVENTION on Money Laundering
The FINANCIAL ACTION TASK FORCE (FATF)
Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering (APG)
Eurasian Group on Combating Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism (EAG)
Efforts to Tackle Black Money
Meaning, Need and Importance of Cyber Security
Cyber Security Framework in India
Present Status of Cyber Security
Cyber Security Index 2020
Meaning and Types of Cybersecurity Threats
What’s the Difference Between Malware, Trojan, Virus, and Worm?
Recent Cyberattacks
Cyber warfare
“Supply chain” cyber-attack
Cyber Terrorism
Growing threat of Cyber Security
Pegasus Spyware
Incidences of Cyberattacks in India
Cybercrime Against Women
Disinformation
Cognitive hacking
Way Forward
Challenges to Cyber Security
Steps taken by the Government to spread awareness about Cybercrimes
Cybercrime volunteer programme
National Cyber Security Strategy 2020
National Security Directive on Telecom Sector
National Cyber Security Policy, 2013
Concerns / Challenges and Wayforward
Critical Infrastructure and Critical Information Infrastructure (CII)
Issues and Measures with respect to Media
Rise of Social Media in recent decade
Positive Impact of Social Media
Negative impact of Social Media
Campaigns by Social Media Platforms
Role of Social Media during Pandemic
Challenges of Social Media in Democracy
Spread of Fake News
Threats to Internal Security by Social Media
Social media in the lives of women
Countering Deepfakes
Checking Online Abuse
Regulations on Social Media
Social Media- New Rules and Implications
Information Technology Act, 2000

Home » Security Issues » Terrorism » Militancy in Jammu and Kashmir

Societies saddled with conflicts often reproduce the differentiation and distancing between two broader collectives, thus sharpening the divide between ‘Us’ and ‘Them’. This is true in Kashmir. The violent secessionist outbreak in 1989, and since then, the government’s anti-militancy and counterinsurgency operations, have embedded strong ‘Us vs Them’ narratives amongst the Kashmiris and alienated them from the Indian polity.
These state actions have included crackdowns, arrests, killings of local militants, and heavy enforcement of laws such as the Public Safety Act (PSA) and the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA).
Consequently, a negative perception of India and its policies has been nurtured; there is popular perception amongst the Kashmiri people of the Indian state being a “coloniser” or an “occupier”.
The impacts of these perceptions have only been exacerbated in more recent years, amidst what analysts call “new militancy”—where the locals dominate the militant movement, and social media facilitates mass radicalisation and the spread of anti-India propaganda.
It is in this context that India needs to exert greater effort in shaping its narratives to address the widespread negative perceptions and maintain its territorial integrity.
Between 2014 and 2020, there was a significant increase in local militancy and stone-pelting incidents in the region. In 2017 the Indian armed forces launched ‘ Operation All Out ’ to eliminate the militant networks, their overground workers (OGW), and top militant commanders. However, as the militants’ ranks were dominated by the locals, these operations only reinforced the ‘us vs. them’ line.
The abrogation of the special status of J&K on August 5, 2019 led many to speculate that there would be a substantial increase in terrorism-induced violence in the region following the decision. However, the security scenario has continued to improve from the preceding years to the extent that Doda was declared a terrorist-free district.
As Jammu and Kashmir completes two years as a Union Territory (UT), militancy remains a major challenge to the security apparatus amid growing fears that the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan is likely to flip the striking capabilities of the militant outfits, especially the Jaish-e-Muhammad (JeM) and the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen (HuM).

Way Forward:

District Development Councils: After Jammu and Kashmir lost its statehood, the political focus in Kashmir shifted to District Development Councils (DDCs) and grassroots development . Kashmiris who have long had to deal with bureaucratic red-tape can find new hope with the elected local leaders who can ensure good governance and local development .
The state will still need to invest in artificial intelligence (AI) and other technology to discourage extremist content and should also find creative ways where Kashmiris can consume the narratives produced by the Indian state and army.
Technology: India can invest more in technologies such as UAVs or drone technology and deploy them in relatively peaceful areas. These technological tools can be used to conduct surveillance, maintain law and order , and also deter the use of drones by militants and militant supporters.
Education: In the long term, the state should start re-emphasising on education . A variety of historical distortions and unfamiliarity prevails in the educational curriculum of Kashmir and the rest of India. It is important to promote topics and themes that can be more relatable and applicable, such as constitutional remedies for people in conflict-affected regions.

Conclusion:

Narratives play a vital role in bridging the ‘Us vs Them’ divide. Such divide between Kashmir and India has widened in the recent years, with the advent of ‘new militancy’ in Kashmir, on one hand, and on the other, state policies such as Operation All Out and the revocation of Kashmir’s special status.
The Indian state and the armed forces are therefore attempting to enhance their nation-building narrative by supplementing traditional missions that seek to win hearts and minds, with social-media initiatives.
Although these policies are intended to remove the emotional and psychological barriers that Kashmiris have erected for the Indian state, there is plenty of work that remains.
Kashmir continues to be alienated, and New Delhi must make use of the current absence of armed and violent conflict to strengthen its narrative-building efforts and bring the region closer to lasting peace

Our Mission, Vision & Values
Director’s Desk
Commerce & Accountancy
Previous Years’ Question Papers-Prelims
Previous Years’ Question Papers-Mains
Environment & Ecology
Science & Technology

Skip to primary navigation
Skip to main content
Skip to primary sidebar

UPSC Coaching, Study Materials, and Mock Exams

Enroll in ClearIAS UPSC Coaching Join Now Log In

Call us: +91-9605741000

Kashmir Issue – Understand the multiple dimensions

Last updated on July 9, 2024 by Alex Andrews George

Table of Contents

Was Kashmir an independent nation? Learn the history of Kashmir

Subscribe to the ClearIAS YouTube Channel for more informative videos on UPSC preparation, tips, and strategies. Stay updated with our latest content and enhance your exam readiness.

Kashmir, and adjacent areas like Gilgit, Jammu, and Ladakh – were part of the different empires at different times. Over the years, this area was under the control of Hindu rulers, Muslim emperors, Sikhs, Afghans, and Britishers.

During the period before AD 1000, Kashmir was an important center of Buddhism and Hinduism. Many dynasties like Gonanditya, Karkota, and Lohara ruled Kashmir and surrounding areas of North-western India.

The Hindu dynasty rule which extended until 1339 was replaced by the Muslim rule by Shah Mir who became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, inaugurating the Shah Mir dynasty . A few centuries later, the last independent ruler Yusuf Shah Chak was deposed by the Mugul emperor Akbar the Great.

Akbar conquered Kashmir in 1587, making it part of the Mughal Empire . Subsequently, the Mughal ruler Aurangzeb expanded the empire further.

UPSC CSE 2025: Study Plan ⇓

(1) ⇒ UPSC 2025: Prelims cum Mains

(2) ⇒ UPSC 2025: Prelims Test Series

(3) ⇒ UPSC 2025: CSAT

Note: To know more about ClearIAS Courses (Online/Offline) and the most effective study plan, you can call ClearIAS Mentors at +91-9605741000, +91-9656621000, or +91-9656731000.

Thus, it can be seen that under the Mughal rule, which extended nearly all of the Indian subcontinent, Kashmir was an integral part of India – however, not an independent nation .

Kashmir Region – After the Mughals

Kashmir Question - What are the issues in Jammu and Kashmir

Aurangzeb’s successors were weak rulers. Later Mughals failed to retain Kashmir. After Mughal rule , it passed to Afghan, Sikh, and Dogra rule.

In 1752, Kashmir was seized by the Afghan ruler Ahmed Shah Abdali. The Afghan Durrani Empire ruled Kasmir from the 1750s until 1819 when Sikhs , under Ranjit Singh, annexed Kashmir and ended the Muslim rule.

By the early 19th century, Sikhs under Maharaja Renjith Singh took control of Kashmir. He had earlier annexed Jammu. The Sikhs ruled Kashmir until they were defeated by the British (First Anglo-Sikh War) in 1846.

After that Kashmir became a princely state of the British Empire – under the Dogra Dynasty.

Jammu and Kashmir – as a princely state of the British Empire

Maharaja Gulab Singh of the Dogra Dynasty signed the ‘Treaty of Amritsar’ with the British East India Company in 1846. Under this treaty, he paid Rs. 75 lakhs to the East India Company in 1846 in exchange for Kashmir and some other areas. Jammu and Kashmir as a single entity was unified and founded (1846).

Zorawar Singh, a General in the Dogra Anny later led many campaigns in the northern areas like Ladakh, Baltistan, Gilgit, Hunza, and Yagistan, consolidating smaller principalities. He expanded the dominions of Maharaja Gulab Singh.

However, Jammu and Kashmir, from 1846 until 1947, remained a princely state ruled by the Jamwal Rajput Dogra Dynasty. Like all other princely states in India then, Kashmir too enjoyed only partial autonomy, as the real control was with the British.

The ruler’s stand (at the time of Partition)

During the time of partition of British India (1947), Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) was a Princely State. Britishers had given all princely states a choice – either to join India to join Pakistan or even to remain independent.

The ruler of Kashmir during that time (1947) was Maharaja Hari Singh, the great-grandson of Maharaja Gulab Singh. He was a Hindu who ruled over a majority-Muslim princely state.

He did not want to merge with India or Pakistan.

Hari Singh tried to negotiate with India and Pakistan to have an independent status for his state. He offered a proposal of a Standstill Agreement to both the Dominion, pending a final decision on the State’s accession. On August 12, 1947, the Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir sent identical communications to the Governments of India and Pakistan.

Pakistan accepted the offer and sent a communication to J&K Prime Minister on August 15, 1947. It read, “The Government of Pakistan agrees to have Standstill Agreement with Jammu and Kashmir for the continuation of existing arrangements …”

India advised the Maharaja to send his authorized representative to Delhi for further discussion on the offer.

What were the Kashmiri people’s aspirations in 1947?

Kashmiri people took part extensively in the Indian Nationalist Movement. They not only wanted to get rid of British rule but also never wanted to be under the rule of the Dogra dynasty once the nationalist movement achieved its mission. The Kashmiris had preferred democracy to monarchy.

Jammu and Kashmir was always a secular state – with a history of Hindu, Muslim, and Sikh rule. Even though the majority population was Muslims, it then had a significant Hindu population as well.

India in 1947 had suggested conducting a plebiscite to know the aspirations of Kashmiri people. With tall leaders of Jammu and Kashmir like Sheik Abdullah on its side, cherishing the common values – secularism, democracy, and pan-India nationalism – India was confident to win the Plebiscite if it was held in 1947.

India’s stand with Junagadh, another princely state, was also to conduct a plebiscite. In 1947, upon the independence and partition of India, the last Muslim ruler of the Junagadh state, Muhammad Mahabat Khanji III, decided to merge Junagadh into the newly formed Pakistan. The majority of the population were Hindus. The conflict led to many revolts and also a plebiscite, resulting in the integration of Junagadh into India.

However, the Pakistan attack on Kashmir in October 1947 changed all dynamics. The exact aspirations of Kashmiri People at that time is still unknown – as a plebiscite or referendum was never held.

The Pakistan Invasion of Kashmir in 1947

Pakistan, though entered into a Standstill Agreement with Jammu and Kashmir, had an eye on it. It broke the Standstill Agreement by sponsoring a tribal militant attack in Kashmir in October 1947.

Pashtun raiders from Pakistan invaded Kashmir in October 1947 and took control over a large area. Hari Singh appealed to the Governor General of free India, Lord Mountbatten for assistance.

India assured help on the condition Hari Singh should sign the Instrument of Accession. Maharaja Hari Singh signed the instrument of accession with India (1947). It was also agreed that once the situation normalized, the views of the people of J&K will be ascertained about their future.

Jammu and Kashmir signs the Instrument of Accession with India

The Maharaja Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession to India on 26 October 1947 in Srinagar.

As soon as the accession documents were signed, the Indian Armed Force took over the stage to repulse Pakistan-supported tribal assault.

Indian and Pakistani forces thus fought their first war over Kashmir in 1947-48.

India successfully drove out most of the Pak-supported tribal militants from Kashmir occupation. However, one part of the State came under Pakistani control. India claims that this area is under illegal occupation. Pakistan describes this area as ‘ Azad Kashmir ’. India however, does not recognize this term. India uses the term Pak-occupied Kashmir (PoK) for the area of Kashmir under the control of Pakistan.

India brings the United Nations (UN) into the picture

India referred the dispute to the United Nations Security Council on 1 January 1948. Following the set-up of the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP) , the UN Security Council passed Resolution 47 on 21 April 1948.

The UN Resolution was non-binding on India and Pakistan. However, this is what the UN resolution mentioned:

UN Resolution on Jammu and Kashmir

The UN resolutions clearly said :

Pakistan is the aggressor in the state.
Pakistan has to vacate all occupied territory in the state and hand over the vacated territory to India.
India has to remove all its forces leaving aside enough to maintain law and order.
India to conduct a plebiscite in the state.

Why has no Plebiscite or Referendum been held in Kashmir yet?

The state of Jammu and Kashmir is defined as it existed on or before the invasion of Pakistan on 22nd October 1947. This includes the present territory of Pak-occupied Kashmir (POK), Gilgit, Baltistan, Jammu, Laddhak, and Kashmir Valley.
Pakistan asked for time to vacate its occupation but it never complied.
As nearly one-third of the state of Jammu and Kashmir is still under the occupation of Pakistan, it is a non-compliance of conditions leading to the plebiscite.

Sheikh Abdullah’s movement – Formal incorporation of Kashmir into the Indian Union

Kashmir’s first political party, the Muslim Conference, was formed in 1925, with Sheikh Abdullah as president. Later, in 1938, it was renamed as National Conference . The National Conference was a secular organization and had a long association with Congress. Sheikh Abdullah was a personal friend of some of the leading nationalist leaders including Nehru.

National Conference started a popular movement to get rid of the Maharaja. Sheikh Abdullah was the leader.

After Maharaja Hari Singh signed an ‘Instrument of Accession’ with the Government of India, Sheikh Abdullah took over as the Prime Minister of the State of J&K (the head of the government in the State was then called Prime Minister) in March 1948.

Sheikh Abdullah was against Jammu and Kashmir joining Pakistan. However, he took a pro-referendum stance and delayed the formal accession to India. The pro-Indian authorities dismissed the state government and arrested Prime Minister Sheikh Abdullah.

The new Jammu and Kashmir government ratified the accession to India. In 1957, Kashmir was formally incorporated into the Indian Union.

Kashmir Issue – External Disputes

Externally, ever since 1947, Kashmir remained a major issue of conflict between India and Pakistan (and between India and China to a minor extent).

Pakistan has always claimed that the Kashmir valley should be part of Pakistan. The conflict resulted in 3 main wars between India and Pakistan – 1947, 1965, and 1971. A war-like situation erupted in 1998 as well (Kargil war).

Pakistan was not only the illegal occupant of the Kashmir region. China too started claiming parts of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.

By the 1950s, China started to gradually occupy the eastern Kashmir (Aksai Chin) . In 1962, India fought a war with China over its encroachments, however, China defeated India. To make matters worse, Pakistan ceded the Trans-Karakoram Tract of Kashmir (Saksham Valley) to China.

Kashmir Issue – Internal Disputes

Internally, there is a dispute about the status of Kashmir within the Indian Union.

Kashmir was given autonomy and a special status by Article 370 of the Indian Constitution . Articles like 370, 371, 35A , etc are connected with privileges given to Jammu and Kashmir.

What is the special status given to Jammu and Kashmir?

Article 370 gives greater autonomy to Jammu and Kashmir compared to the other States of India.
The State has its own Constitution.
All provisions of the Indian Constitution do not apply to the State.
Laws passed by the Parliament apply to J&K only if the State agrees.
Non-Kashmiri Indians cannot buy property in Kashmir.

This special status has provoked two opposite reactions.

A section feels that Article 370 is not needed!

There is a section of people outside of J&K that believes that the special status of the State conferred by Article 370 does not allow full integration of the State with India. This section feels that Article 370 should, therefore, be revoked and J&K should be like any other State in India.

Another section feels that Article 370 is not enough!

Another section, mostly Kashmiris, believes that the autonomy conferred by Article 370 is not enough.

Major Grievances of Kashmiris:

Kashmiris have expressed at least three major grievances.

First, the promise that Accession would be referred to the people of the State after the situation created by tribal invasion was normalized, has not been fulfilled. They demand a ‘Plebiscite’ at the earliest.
Secondly, there is a feeling that the special federal status guaranteed by Article 370, has been eroded in practice. This has led to the demand for restoration of autonomy or ‘Greater State Autonomy’.
Thirdly, it is felt that democracy which is practised in the rest of India has not been similarly institutionalised in the State of Jammu and Kashmir.

Politics since 1948 – Conflict between the Kashmir State Government and the Central Government of India

After taking over as the Prime Minister, Sheikh Abdullah initiated major land reforms and other policies that benefited ordinary people. But there was a growing difference between him and the central government about his position on Kashmir’s status. He was dismissed in 1953 and kept in detention for several years.

The leadership that succeeded him did not enjoy as much popular support and was able to rule the State mainly due to the support of the Centre. There were serious allegations of malpractices and rigging in various elections.

During most of the period between 1953 and 1974, the Congress party exercised a lot of influence on the politics of the State. A truncated National Conference (minus Sheikh Abdullah) remained in power with the active support of Congress for some time but later it merged with the Congress.

Thus Congress gained direct control over the government in the State.

In the meanwhile, there were several attempts to reach an agreement between Sheikh Abdullah and the Government of India.

Finally, in 1974 Indira Gandhi reached an agreement with Sheikh Abdullah and he became the Chief Minister of the State.

The Revival of National Conference (1977)

He revived the National Conference which was elected with a majority in the assembly elections held in 1977.

Sheikh Abdullah died in 1982 and the leadership of the National Conference went to his son, Farooq Abdullah, who became the Chief Minister.

But he was soon dismissed by the Governor and a breakaway faction of the National Conference came to power for a brief period.

The dismissal of Farooq Abdullah’s government due to the intervention of the Centre generated a feeling of resentment in Kashmir. The confidence that Kashmiris had developed in the democratic processes after the accord between Indira Gandhi and Sheikh Abdullah, received a setback.

The feeling that the Centre was intervening in the politics of the State was further strengthened when the National Conference in 1986 agreed to have an electoral alliance with the Congress, the ruling party in the Centre.

1987 Assembly Elections, Political Crisis, and Insurgency

It was in this environment that the 1987 Assembly election took place. The official results showed a massive victory for the National Conference-Congress alliance and Farooq Abdullah returned as Chief Minister.

However, it was widely believed that the results did not reflect the popular choice and that the entire election process was rigged.

A popular resentment had already been brewing in the State against the inefficient administration since the early 1980s. This was now augmented by the commonly prevailing feeling that democratic processes were being undermined at the behest of the Centre. This generated a political crisis in Kashmir which became severe with the rise of the insurgency.

By 1989, the State had come into the grip of a militant movement mobilized around the cause of a separate Kashmiri nation.

The insurgents got moral, material, and military support from Pakistan. The balance of influence had decisively tilted in Pakistan’s favor by the late 1980s, with people’s sympathy no longer with the Indian Union as it had been in 1947-48, 1965 or 1971.

The terrorists and militants drove out almost all the Hindus from the Kashmir valley, ensuring that a future plebiscite (if it happens) would be meaningless.

India imposed the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) in Jammu and Kashmir in 1990.

For several years, the State was under President’s rule and effectively under the control of the armed forces . Throughout the period from 1990, Jammu and Kashmir experienced violence at the hands of the insurgents and through army action.

1990 and Beyond – Growing Trust Deficit

After 1987, the pro-India sentiments of Kashmiri people tilted heavily towards Kashmiri Separatism. Pakistan, of course, added fuel to the fire – by giving moral and financial support to terrorists, militants, and insurgents. As a result, Kashmir frequently witnessed violence, curfew, stone-pelting, and firing between the troops of India and Pakistan across the Line of Control (LoC).

Thousands of soldiers, civilians, and militants have been killed in the uprising and the Indian crackdown since 1989.

Even though state elections were conducted, Kashmir did not return to normalcy before 1987 .

Assembly elections in the State were held only in 1996 in which the National Conference led by Farooq Abdullah came to power with a demand for regional autonomy for Jammu and Kashmir.

J&K experienced a very fair election in 2002. The National Conference failed to win a majority and was replaced by the People’s Democratic Party (PDP) and Congress coalition government.

In 2015, India’s ruling BJP party was sworn into government in Indian-administered Kashmir for the first time in coalition with the local People’s Democratic Party, with the latter’s Mufti Mohammad Sayeed as chief minister (followed by Mehbooba Mufti because of the death of her father and party founder). However, this coalition didn’t last for long.

Even though the Government of India is taking many steps to stop the insurgency and bring Kashmir back to normalcy, terrorist attacks like that in Pulwama have seriously hindered the peace process.

The Current Stand of India – Regarding the Kashmir Question

No more mediation with the UN or any other other third parties.
India and Pakistan should resolve issues through bilateral talks as agreed by the Simla Agreement.
No Plebiscite in Kashmir unless Pakistan reverses the situation back to what was in 1947 (territory and demographics).

Who are the Kashmir Separatists?

All Parties Hurriyat Conference
Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front
Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami
Lashkar-e-Taiba
Jaish-e-Mohammed
Hizbul Mujahideen
Harkat-ul-Mujahideen
Ansar Ghazwat-ul-Hind Flag.png Ansar Ghazwat-ul-Hind (Since 2017)

What do Separatists demand?

Separatist politics which surfaced in Kashmir from 1989 has taken different forms and is made up of various strands.

There is one strand of separatists who want a separate Kashmiri nation, independent of India and Pakistan.
Then some groups want Kashmir to merge with Pakistan.
Besides these, there is a third strand which wants greater autonomy for the people of the state within the Indian union .

Demand for intra-state autonomy

Even though the name of the state is Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), it comprises three social and political regions: Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh.

Jammu – The Jammu region is a mix of foothills and plains, of Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs and speakers of various languages.
Kashmir – Kashmir Valley is the heart of the Kashmir region. The people are Kashmiri-speaking and are mostly Muslims. There is also a small Kashmiri-speaking Hindu minority.
Ladakh – The Ladakh region is mountainous, and has a very small population which is equally divided between Buddhists and Muslims. Ladakh is divided into two main regions – Leh and Kargil.

It should also be noted that out of the 3 main administrative divisions – Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh – insurgency and demand for independence is high only in the Kashmir Valley. Most of the people in Jammu and Ladakh still wish to be part of India, even though they demand autonomy differently. They often complain of neglect and backwardness. The demand for intra-state autonomy is as strong as the demand for State autonomy in the regions of Jammu and Ladakh.

Article 370: Changes made via Presidential order of 2019

On 5 August 2019, Home Minister Amit Shah announced in the Rajya Sabha (upper house of the Indian Parliament) that the President of India had issued The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 2019 (C.O. 272) under Article 370, superseding the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954.

The order stated that all the provisions of the Indian Constitution applied to Jammu and Kashmir.

While the 1954 order specified that only some articles of the Indian constitution to apply to the state, the new order removed all such restrictions.

This in effect meant that the separate Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir stood abrogated.

The President issued the order with the “concurrence of the Government of State of Jammu and Kashmir”, which meant the Governor appointed by the Union government.

Change of status: Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019

After the Government of India repealed the special status accorded to Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 of the Indian constitution in 2019, the Parliament of India passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, which contained provisions that dissolved the state and reorganized it into two union territories – Jammu and Kashmir in the west and Ladakh in the east.

The two union territories came into existence on 31 October 2019, which was celebrated as National Unity Day.

The union territory of Jammu and Kashmir was proposed to have a legislature under the bill whereas the union territory of Ladakh is proposed to not have one.

Urge for Peace

The initial period of popular support for militancy has now given way to the urge for peace.

The Centre has started negotiations with various separatist groups. Instead of demanding a separate nation, most of the separatists in the dialogue are trying to re-negotiate a relationship of the State with India.

The Kashmir issue – has multiple dimensions – external and internal; inter-state as well as intra-state. Not even the separatists are on the same ground – their demands are different.

The princely state of Jammu and Kashmir which was under the control of British India – is now not entirely with India. Pakistan and China too now occupy a significant portion of the territories of the erstwhile princely state.

Of course, the Kashmir problem also includes the issue of Kashmiri identity known as Kashmiriyat. However, almost every state in India has its own identity – Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, West Bengal, or Kerala. However, the people in each of these states even when seeing themselves as Tamilians, Kannadagans, Bengalis or Malayalis are also able to see the bigger picture – they identify themselves as Indians.

Jammu and Kashmir is one of the living examples of plural society and politics. Not only are there diversities of all kinds (religious, cultural, linguistic, ethnic, tribal) but there are also divergent political aspirations.

Unfortunately, from the perspective of the youth of Kashmir, there is a growing trust deficit. It’s a hard reality that Jammu and Kashmir never functioned like other Indian states since its accession to India. It had given higher autonomy initially, however, it got eroded in practice.

The first step to solving the Kashmir issue is to identify the problems behind the alienation of Kashmir. Here are some of them:

Mishandling of the Kashmir Issue by the successive Central governments of India – which includes frequent dismissal of State Assemblies.
The state governments of Kashmir failed to distribute the benefits of growth and development to every area of Kashmir.
The terrorist and military outfits in Pakistan have been distancing the youth of Kashmir from the democratic form of the Indian government.
The regular presence of the Indian Armed Force or CAPF in the Kashmir interiors, and the misuse of provisions like ASFPA.

To find a solution to the Kashmir issue – all stakeholders should be considered.

What is the need of the hour is proper integration of Kashmir, Jammu, and Ladakh with India. Integration should not be seen in a limited dimension of territory. India should be able to win the hearts of the people of Kashmir.

Only time can tell about the success of the changes made concerning the provisions of Article 370.

Kashmir was and still is an integral part of India. It has a plural and secular culture – just like the rest of India. Urgent steps should be taken to bridge the gaps of trust deficit in the minds of Kashmiri youth. All Kashmiris should get the due share in the growth story of India. Like all other states in India, there should be adequate political autonomy in Jammu and Kashmir.

Violence, terrorism, and killings are never the answer – be it on any side. What do you think?

Read: Ladakh statehood

Top 10 Best-Selling ClearIAS Courses

Upsc prelims cum mains (pcm) gs course: unbeatable batch 2025 (online), rs.75000 rs.29000, upsc prelims marks booster + 2025 (online), rs.19999 rs.14999, upsc prelims test series (pts) 2025 (online), rs.9999 rs.4999, csat course 2025 (online), current affairs course 2025 (online), ncert foundation course (online), essay writing course for upsc cse (online), ethics course for upsc cse (online), upsc interview marks booster course (online), rs.9999 rs.4999.

About Alex Andrews George

Alex Andrews George is a mentor, author, and social entrepreneur. Alex is the founder of ClearIAS and one of the expert Civil Service Exam Trainers in India.

He is the author of many best-seller books like 'Important Judgments that transformed India' and 'Important Acts that transformed India'.

A trusted mentor and pioneer in online training , Alex's guidance, strategies, study-materials, and mock-exams have helped many aspirants to become IAS, IPS, and IFS officers.

Reader Interactions

March 6, 2019 at 6:50 pm

The separatist themselves don’t want this situation to have a positive outcome as it will subsequently deteriorate/hamper their “political” stance which they’ve nurtured since a long time.

February 11, 2023 at 7:29 pm

I never seen a article like this…its amazing date wise i m from Kashmir i nvr understand Kashmir isssue , Kashmir history from beginning…but today i understand full 🌝 thanks to the author of this article 😊

March 6, 2019 at 7:30 pm

As long as radical brainwashed of youth continues…nothing can be done, first shut down all those radical institutions & then bring education that teaches about secularism & India’s beauty & achievements!

March 6, 2019 at 7:43 pm

kashmiri youth mind are washed out by these separatist…and some militant group ..work opportunity should be given to the youths of kashmir alike other states of india ….Empty mind see only a way to destruction…..

March 6, 2019 at 11:58 pm

The real situation of J&K can be assessed only by hearing the voices of the common people, the constitutional arrangements like Article 370, Article 35A & IoA must be respected to keep the relationship intact.

March 18, 2019 at 11:34 pm

Common people with normal situation ab toh majority Muslim log ka hi hai…. pehle un hinduwo ko bulo jinko waha se bhga diya gya …tb na brabar ka faisla hoga

March 7, 2019 at 9:52 am

there is another angle to look into this dispute and that is religion. religion play a major role in building and developing the behaviour of the society.

March 7, 2019 at 10:31 am

Yes, I do agree that wars, disputes, killing will no longer be a way to provide an efficient solution to Kashmir issue.

March 8, 2019 at 12:21 pm

wonderful article….!! what i believe is ..us Indians should stand together for Kashmir… and make people of Kashmir know that though we are 1000’s of kilometers away we still stand for them will be their strength…Apart from all the political drama they should know that a simple spark in kashmir will cause a wildfire in kanyakumari.. The role of govt here is the root cause of all the issues if u ask me .. what were you doing while the kidnapper lure the kid with the candy …? now indian govt should respect the kashmiri’s give them the hope and gain trust.. a lot of bloodshed ,mutilated bodies , power abuse , women abuse … give them hope …show them we love them .. youth from other states understand the kashmiris show them the support.. show them why they should be a part of india …

March 8, 2019 at 5:20 pm

For the violence to stop in Kashmir and preventing this problem to further aggravate development plans, projects should be well reached in the state so that the youth is engaged in something productive rather than destructive work. First of all, the politicisation of the State situation should be avoided.

March 13, 2019 at 11:31 pm

This is not the solution of problem,but give the right of people.As it is mentioned is article that Kashmir was a princely state,it has right to what they want,the Kashmir dispute has only one solution come India and Pakistan forward and give rights to Jammu and Kashmir people what they want,and destroy this illegal occupied.

March 14, 2019 at 2:54 pm

Further plubicite may useful for kashmiris yo choose their will…

March 27, 2019 at 7:14 pm

Your assumption of Kashmir being an integral part of India because the it was a part of The Mughal Empire is akin to the assumption that India is an integral part of Great Britain because it was a British colony once. That is ridiculous! The problem would not be solved till India accepts the fact that Kashmir is not an integral part of India. You cannot blame Pakistan for it then because Pakistan was as much ‘India’ once as new India is. So morally, historically, Politically and logically, by your argument, Pakistan is nowhere wrong to claim Kashmir for itself!

April 7, 2019 at 6:48 pm

but chirag The Government of Pakistan agrees to have Standstill Agreement with Jammu and Kashmir but india didn’t. So, Pakistan is wrong as it was a the first one who attack….in 1947 october after that indian government helps J&K and our military took over the charge.

April 7, 2019 at 9:33 pm

state politician are taking due benefit of the prevailing situation in jammu kashmir. They are making their vote bank at the cost of common public. Center should make efforts to ground level development through job creation employment generation education and overall development of state. mare education is not solution even the highly educated students after getting no source of income has diverted their route which mislead the other growing youth. Stone pelting is source of income for some public because they are paid for this for which politicians and other extremists are responsible as they bargain with center for normalcy of situation.

July 10, 2019 at 10:56 am

all is messed up because of british government gave 3 choice instead of two

August 2, 2019 at 2:47 am

Very good article, Alex! 🙂

August 9, 2019 at 8:30 pm

The only thing matters is that J&K belongs to India, anyone can claim it but won’t get even a stone of it. (At least till the plebiscite is done with all the Kashmiris taking part including the one who had left or removed from Kashmir). They do deserve to take their own decision with all due respect but including all the Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs and Buddhists.

August 14, 2019 at 6:31 pm

This is the best article I have ever read……!!! Really helpful in making a notes on Kashmir…..Thankyou very much…..!!!!!!

August 19, 2019 at 6:42 pm

Now the minds of kashmir people have been washed with the continuous presence of separatists and the Pak sponsored terrorism. No more plebiscites are needed to be given to these people. Indian government and the constitution is supreme. They have revoked 370 to bring the J & K into mainstream for all round development of J&K and its people. Pak does not have any right to interfere in our affairs, since its accession to India.

January 24, 2020 at 9:12 pm

Really good notes, grateful thanks to clearias team

February 9, 2020 at 6:21 pm

If Indian government wanted to integrated Kashmir into Indian Union, they should behave like human towards Kashmiri people who suffered from torture, disappearance, rapped by Indian Army from decades. Even Kashmiri youth experience torture, mob lynching by rest of indian people and although India wanted to integrate land of Kashmir not the people.

March 30, 2020 at 12:07 am

Can I download all of this in pdf format?

April 22, 2020 at 9:16 pm

Thank you sir

May 21, 2020 at 1:25 pm

It’s a very good article and has explained the J&K issue as easily as possible yet maintained the details. My look over the recent amendments on the J&K issue has changed, and it looks like a step that will work for the people in the long run (however not in the short term).

September 14, 2020 at 12:23 pm

Now come to know more about J & K issue… Contents of several book in one article.. Separatists,militants,terrorists, defunct politicians should be treated hard with central / State agencies … Hope for peace not only in valley… But in all parts including jammu,Kashmir & Ladakh……

October 27, 2020 at 12:44 am

I have a simple question. Even if both Pakistan and India want and agree on something. Should that be the solution, or should it be what the people want. To me, whether you like it or not, its the right of the Kashmiris to decide what they want for their future. Give them that right, thats the only fair solution.

And if you are not bothered by what is fair then the alternative is to go with the powerful and war is the way to find who is stronger.

March 21, 2022 at 3:38 pm

This Article is Baseless and Far From Ground Reality of Our Kashmir Nation , Kashmir Is not a integral or Vein of Any Nation wether is India or Pakistan , Kashmir Is Independent Before Birth of India or Pakistan.. Due to Continues occupation by Non Kashmirs Wehter is Muslim or Non Muslims , We Kashmirs Fight against the Occupation From years, still we are under Occupation joinlty by India paksitain and China ,, We Kashmirs are Peaceful Community between three Nation , we Lost more then 1 lakh we are wintess of crimes done by Non Kashmirs, we kashmiri Never agaist any Pakistain or India , but we never allow any indian or pakitain Interfercne in out kashmir , due to interference of India and Pakistan is responsible for destruction of our kashmir nation , We Peaple of kashmir never accept any occupation , 1000 political Drama playing by tri nation till date in our kashmir..

we Kashmiri appeal to Good and responsible Citizen of India and Pakistaini , both-side people are misguided regarding the Kashmir nation, the Ground Reality is different.. we Kashmiri respect both side nation as guest , we welcome every country peoples visit our kashmir people but we never accept India and pakistain occupation and we never forget the crimes of India and pakistain .

April 27, 2023 at 5:08 pm

Please update your notes. This is brilliantly done.

July 26, 2023 at 7:08 pm

Unbiased, good analysis and effectively presented. Hope the powers to be can affect the policy ideas presented here. Thanks!

Don’t lose out without playing the right game!

Follow the ClearIAS Prelims cum Mains (PCM) Integrated Approach.

Join ClearIAS PCM Course Now

UPSC Online Preparation

Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
Indian Administrative Service (IAS)
Indian Police Service (IPS)
IAS Exam Eligibility
UPSC Free Study Materials
UPSC Exam Guidance
UPSC Prelims Test Series
UPSC Syllabus
UPSC Online
UPSC Prelims
UPSC Interview
UPSC Toppers
UPSC Previous Year Qns
UPSC Age Calculator
UPSC Calendar 2024
About ClearIAS
ClearIAS Programs
ClearIAS Fee Structure
IAS Coaching
UPSC Coaching
UPSC Online Coaching
ClearIAS Blog
Important Updates
Announcements
Book Review
ClearIAS App
Work with us
Advertise with us
Privacy Policy
Terms and Conditions
Talk to Your Mentor

Featured on

and many more...

ClearIAS Programs: Admissions Open

Thank You 🙌

UPSC CSE 2025: Study Plan

Subscribe ClearIAS YouTube Channel

Get free study materials. Don’t miss ClearIAS updates.

Subscribe Now

IAS/IPS/IFS Online Coaching: Target CSE 2025

Cover the entire syllabus of UPSC CSE Prelims and Mains systematically.

[email protected]
https://t.me/iasgyanpdfs

Daily News Analysis

MILITANCY IN JAMMU

Source: The Hindu

Disclaimer: Copyright infringement not intended .

On July 8, five Army soldiers were killed and five injured as two Army vehicles were ambushed by militants on a hilly tract in the Kathua district of Jammu and Kashmir.

Introduction:

In recent years, the Jammu region of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir has witnessed a disturbing resurgence of militant activities. This trend, which has re-emerged after nearly two decades of relative calm, poses significant challenges not only to the security apparatus but also to the social fabric of the region.

Historical Context

Historically, Jammu was relatively insulated from the militancy that plagued the Kashmir Valley.
In the late 1990s and early 2000s , however, the Chenab Valley (comprising Doda, Kishtwar, Ramban, Kathua, Udhampur, and Reasi districts) and areas south of the Pir Panjal (including Rajouri and Poonch districts) were hotbeds of militant activity.
This phase saw numerous incidents of violence , which were eventually curtailed through concerted counter-insurgency operations and socio-political initiatives.

Recent Surge in Militancy

Since 2021, the Jammu region has seen a revival of militancy , characterized by a series of violent incidents.
Recently five Army soldiers were killed and five injured in an ambush in Kathua district. This incident was part of a larger pattern that included five terror strikes in June 2024 alone, resulting in the deaths of eight security personnel and ten civilians .

Reasons for the New Trend

Geopolitical Shifts: The resurgence of militant activity in the Jammu region can be linked to geopolitical dynamics in South Asia. The longstanding tensions between India and Pakistan, coupled with the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan , have created a security vacuum that militant groups may be exploiting.
Old Infiltration Routes: The recent attacks in Kathua align with historical infiltration routes used by militants two decades ago. This suggests a deliberate strategy to revive old methodologies, capitalizing on the familiarity and previous successes of these routes.
Local Grievances and Radicalization: Local grievances and socio-political disenfranchisement may also contribute to the rise in militancy. Economic issues, perceived injustices , and the influence of radical ideologies can push individuals towards militancy.
Cross-Border Support: There are allegations of continued support from entities across the border, providing logistical and financial aid to militant groups . This external support complicates domestic counter-terrorism efforts .

Challenges of Monitoring This Sector

Tough Terrain: The rugged, forested areas along the Line of Control (LoC) and vulnerable patches along the International Border (IB) present significant challenges. These terrains are difficult to monitor continuously and provide natural cover for infiltration .
Technological Limitations: Despite advancements in surveillance technology , there are limitations in real-time monitoring and quick reaction capabilities in such difficult terrains. Technological solutions like drones and sensors are not always effective in dense forest areas.
Coordination Issues: Effective monitoring requires seamless coordination among multiple agencies including the Indian Army, Border Security Force (BSF), local police , and intelligence agencies . Any lapse in coordination can be exploited by militant groups.
Local Support Networks: Militants regularly rely on local support networks for shelter, supplies, and information. Monitoring and disrupting these networks is challenging and requires extensive intelligence efforts and community cooperation.

Are More Troops Needed?

Current Force Deployment: The 192-km IB is currently secured by the BSF , while the 740-km LoC is under the Army’s operational control . The recent surge in attacks has raised questions about the adequacy of this deployment.
Strategic Placement: Increasing the number of troops may be necessary, but it should be complemented with strategic placement and specialization of forces to handle specific threats and terrains.
Force Multipliers: Instead of merely increasing troop numbers, incorporating force multipliers such as advanced surveillance technologies, quick reaction teams, and improved intelligence gathering can enhance the overall effectiveness.
Sustainability: Continuous deployment of additional troops has logistical and financial implications. Long-term sustainability requires a balanced approach between manpower and technological advancements.

Situation on the Ground

Recent Incidents: Recently multiple attacks in the Jammu division have resulted in the deaths of security personnel and civilians . These incidents have heightened security concerns and led to intensified operations. . E.g. Recently, five terror strikes in June 2024 alone, resulting in the deaths of eight security personnel and ten civilians .
Community Impact: The resurgence of militancy has a profound impact on local communities, leading to increased insecurity and disruption of daily life. Fear and uncertainty are prevalent among residents in affected areas.
Counter-Operations: Security forces have ramped up operations, involving extensive search and-destroy missions in suspected militant hideouts. Increased patrolling and surveillance are also in place to preempt further attacks.
Government Response: The government has initiated various measures to boost security , including better infrastructure for forces, enhanced community policing, and development projects aimed at alleviating local grievances.

Policy Recommendations

Strengthening Border Security

Improving border security infrastructure along the LoC is imperative. This includes the use of advanced surveillance technologies, such as drones and thermal imaging , to detect and prevent infiltration.

Community Policing

Engaging local communities in policing efforts can build trust and enhance information flow. Programs aimed at community development and deradicalization can help in countering the narratives propagated by militant groups.

Comprehensive Development Programs

Addressing socio-economic grievances through comprehensive development programs can reduce the appeal of militancy. Investments in education, healthcare, and employment opportunities can provide alternative pathways for the youth.
The rise of militancy in Jammu is a complex issue influenced by multiple factors ranging from geopolitical shifts to local grievances . Addressing this challenge requires a multifaceted approach , including enhanced surveillance, improved coordination among security agencies, strategic troop deployment, and community engagement. Understanding the ground realities and evolving strategies to counter this threat is essential for restoring long-term peace and security in the region.

https://epaper.thehindu.com/ccidist-ws/th/th_international/issues/90780/OPS/GQAD27E3E.1.png?cropFromPage=true

About APTI PLUS
Our Results
Couselling at your college
Daily Current Affairs
IAS Gazette Magazine
Daily Editorial
Prelims Xpress

Help Centre

Feedback/Suggestions
Free Couselling Form
Payment Methods

Legal Stuff

Privacy Policy
Terms & Conditions
Refund Policy
Forgot Password?

Not a member yet? Sign-up Now!

Already a member? Sign-in Here!

English News

Explained: Why PM Narendra Modi is visiting Jammu & Kashmir

The prime minister personally monitors the projects of infrastructure or social welfare schemes, aimed at reaching the last man in the queue.

With the abrogation of Article 370 and 35A that used to give a special status to Jammu & Kashmir completing about three years, Prime Minister Narendra Modi will be carrying out his maiden visit to the Union Territory on April 24 amidst tight security arrangements.

Security apparatus has been enhanced after a failed fidayeen attack near Sunjwan army installation in Jammu on April 22. In the encounter, the security forces neutralised two terrorists while a CISF personnel also lost his life.

Ever since the NDA government under Prime Minister Narendra Modi came into power in 2014, Jammu & Kashmir and northeastern states have assumed significance in the system. The prime minister personally monitors the projects of infrastructure or social welfare schemes, aimed at to reach at last man in the queue.

Why is the Prime Minister visiting Jammu & Kashmir?

He will inaugurate and lay the foundation stone of development projects worth over Rs 20,000 crore in the Union Territory. As per an official statement, Modi will also inaugurate the Banihal Qazigund Road Tunnel, built at a cost of over Rs 3100 crore.

The 8.45-km-long tunnel would reduce the road distance between Banihal and Qazigund by 16 km, and also reduce the travel time by about 1.5 hours.

The twin tunnel would help in creating all-weather connectivity between Jammu and Kashmir.

Besides, he will also lay the foundation stone of three road projects of the Delhi-Amritsar-Katra Expressway, worth over Rs 7500 crore.

The prime minister is also scheduled to lay the foundation stone of the Ratle and Kwar Hydroelectric projects to be constructed on the Chenab river in the Kishtwar district at a cost of about Rs 5300 crore. It would be an 850 MW Ratle Hydroelectric Project.

Another Kwar Hydroelectric Project of 540 MW will also be built in the Kishtwar district at a cost of over Rs 4500 crore.

Both the projects will help meet the power requirements of the region and would make the territory power surplus.

The prime minister will also dedicate 100 Jan Aushadi Kendras in J&K to the nation.

On the occasion, he will further hand over SVAMITVA cards to beneficiaries under the scheme.

He will also transfer award money to Panchayats who are winners of awards given across different categories on National Panchayati Raj Day for their achievements. Prime Minister will also visit the INTACH photo gallery which depicts the rural heritage of the region, and Nokia Smartpur, a rural entrepreneurship-based model designed to create ideal smart villages in India,” PMO added.

Why is the Prime Minister visiting Jammu & Kashmir now?

India celebrates National Panchayati Raj Day on April 24 every year since 1992-93.

On the occasion, he will address a gathering of over 30,000 Panchayati Raj Institution (PRI) members of Jammu and Kashmir and 700 Panchayats across the country in a virtual mode from the Palli panchayat of Samba district of Jammu & Kashmir.

This year, Palli has been chosen for the Panchayati Raj Diwas function this year. The latest agricultural innovations would be showcased during the event.

What is the message that the Prime Minister is sending across?

As per the experts, he is visiting the union territory days after the new government under Shehbaz Sharif came into power in Pakistan. Though, his visit was pre-planned.

Samba is the border district with Pakistan and in recent years many panchayat workers were killed by the Islamabad-sponsored terrorists.

With the presence of the prime minister in the district, it would send a strong signal to terrorist organisations and their sympathisers.

According to experts, it would also be like a morale booster for the panchayat members. The government is also attempting to display that the centre is with them whatever may the situation be.

How peaceful has Kashmir been since Article 370 abolition?

The ruling party has been claiming that the real normalcy in Jammu & Kashmir came after the abrogation of Article 370 while the Kashmir-based political parties have been claiming that the situation has deteriorated.

As far as security forces are concerned they are of the view that the situation has improved post-2019. As per the data, a total of 175 terrorists were killed from 2021 to March 22, as against 183 in 2020.

The forces have claimed that not just local insurgents but foreign terrorists have also been apprehended. The number of stone-pelting incidents has decreased.

Article 370
Banihal Qazigund Road Tunnel
Jammu and Kashmir
Narendra Modi
PM in Kashmir
security apparatus
terrorist attack

Latest Videos

Recent Stories

Explained: How Justin Trudeau's new 'reducing low-wage, temporary workers' policy may impact Indians in Canada

What is Blue Aadhaar Card? All you need to know

Kylian Mbappe's X account hacked: Posts on 'midget' Messi, f**k Ronaldo & more create chaos

Narendra Modi’s J&K Visit Live Updates: Central govt schemes being rapidly implemented in J-K, says PM Modi

Pm modi's j&k visit live updates: security has been tightened across the union territory after a powerful explosion was heard early sunday in a village in jammu’s bishnah, which is nearly 8-km away from palli in the samba district where prime minister narendra modi will visit..

In his visit to Palli village of Jammu on Sunday, Prime minister Narendra Modi flagged of several developmental projects worth over Rs 20,000 crores. Addressing all Gram Sabhas across the nation on the occasion of National Panchayati Raj Day, the Prime Minister said that i t is a matter of great pride that democracy has reached the grassroot level in the union territory.

“This year’s Panchayati Raj Day, being celebrated in J&K marks a big change. It is a matter of great pride that when democracy has reached the grassroot level in J&K, I am interacting with you all from here,” the Modi said.

Top business leaders from the UAE are accompanying the PM on his visit, underlining the backing of industrialists and investors from a leading Islamic block as the BJP government seeks to pitch a new phase for J&K post-Article 370. Besides, the PM’s address, from Samba bordering Pakistan, coincides with the National Panchayati Raj Day, and will see participation of members of rural local bodies from across the state as a projection of grassroots democracy in the state. UAE firms are expected to propose investments amounting to over Rs 3,000 crore – a first for J&K’s infrastructure development.

PM Modi's J&K Visit Live Updates: UAE investments, grassroot democracy: Twin messages in PM Narendra Modi's J&K visit today; key projects worth over Rs 20,000 crore to be flagged off; first panchayat day celebrations in J&K today. Follow latest updates here

Prime Minister Narendra Modi Sunday reached out to the youth of Kashmir assuring them that they will not suffer the way their parents and grandparents had in the past as he inaugurated and laid the foundation stones of a slew of projects for the Union Territory.

“Mein aap ko yeh kar ke dikhaunga. Main aap ko yah vishwas dilaney aya hoon (I will prove it to you and I have come here to give you this assurance),” Modi said addressing the 30 lakh elected rural local body members across the country on the occasion of Panchayat Divas celebrations from the Samba district’s Palli village. Read more

While addressing Gram Sabhas across the nation from Jammu, on the occasion of National Panchayati Raj Day, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said, "A new story of development is being written in Jammu & Kashmir. Many private investors are interested to come to J&K."

The PM is accompanied by top business leaders from the UAE on his visit to the union territory, underlining the backing of industrialists and investors from a leading Islamic block as the BJP government seeks to pitch a new phase for J&K post-Article 370.

A new story of development is being written in Jammu & Kashmir. Many private investors are interested to come to J&K: PM Narendra Modi in Jammu — ANI (@ANI) April 24, 2022

"When I speak about 'Ek Bharat, Shreshtha Bharat', our focus is on connectivity and bridging distances. Our aim is to provide all-weather connectivity to J&K," Prime Minister Narendra Modi said while addressing Gram Sabhas across the nation from Jammu.

When I speak about 'Ek Bharat, Shreshtha Bharat', our focus is on connectivity and bridging distances. Our aim is to provide all-weather connectivity to J&K: PM Modi addresses Gram Sabhas across the nation from Jammu pic.twitter.com/pWjPCEp49l — ANI (@ANI) April 24, 2022

In his address from Jammu's Palli village, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that with the inauguration of a 500 KW solar power plant at Palli, Samba District is moving towards becoming the country’s first panchayat to become carbon neutral. "The people of Palli have demonstrated what 'Sabka prayas' can do," he said.

With the inauguration of a 500 KW solar power plant at Palli in Samba District, it is moving towards becoming the country’s first panchayat to become carbon neutral...The people of Palli have demonstrated what 'Sabka prayas' can do: PM Narendra Modi in Jammu pic.twitter.com/kqLAKvezek — ANI (@ANI) April 24, 2022

Prime Minister Narendra Modi took part in the celebration of the National Panchayati Raj Day, observed on April 24 to mark the passing of the Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 that came into force with effect from April 24, 1993.

"This year's Panchayati Raj Day, being celebrated in J&K marks a big change. It is a matter of great pride that when democracy has reached the grassroot level in J&K, I am interacting with you all from here," the Prime Minister said.

This year's Panchayati Raj Day, being celebrated in J&K marks a big change. It is a matter of great pride that when democracy has reached the grassroot level in J&K, I am interacting with you all from here: PM Modi in Jammu pic.twitter.com/YRaE3azfJo — ANI (@ANI) April 24, 2022

PM Narendra Modi also launched the 'Amrit Sarovar Mission' that is aimed at developing and rejuvenating 75 waterbodies in each district of the country, as part of celebration of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav.

Jammu | PM Narendra Modi also launches the 'Amrit Sarovar Mission' & transfers the amount of the National Panchayat Award into the bank accounts of the winning Panchayats, in Samba. pic.twitter.com/O48Xvz8nJL — ANI (@ANI) April 24, 2022

PM Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone of the Delhi-Amritsar-Katra Expressway and inaugurated the 500KW Solar Power Plant at Palli village along with 108 Jan Aushadhi Kendras, in Samba.

Jammu | PM Narendra Modi lays the foundation stone of the Delhi-Amritsar-Katra Expressway & inaugurates the 500KW Solar Power Plant at Palli village along with 108 Jan Aushadhi Kendras, in Samba. pic.twitter.com/7qHwhpuVwU — ANI (@ANI) April 24, 2022

Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated Banihal Qazigund Road Tunnel, which has been built at a cost of more than Rs 3,100 crore.

The 8.45-km-long tunnel will reduce the road distance between Banihal and Qazigund by 16 km, and reduce journey time by around one-and-a-half hours.

Jammu | PM Narendra Modi inaugurates the Banihal-Qazigund Road Tunnel, built at a cost of over Rs 3100 crores The 8.45 Km long tunnel will reduce the road distance between Banihal and Qazigund by 16 km, and reduce journey time by around one and a half hour pic.twitter.com/2pHy3oF7yA — ANI (@ANI) April 24, 2022

PM Narendra Modi lays the foundation stones for the 850 MW Ratle Hydroelectric Project and 540 MW Kwar Hydroelectric Project to be constructed on the Chenab river in Kishtwar District.

'The 850 MW Ratle Hydroelectric Project will be constructed on Chenab river in Kishtwar district at a cost of around Rs 5,300 crore. The 540 MW Kwar Hydroelectric Project will also be built on Chenab river in Kishtwar district at a cost of over Rs 4,500 crore. Both projects will help meet power requirements of the region,' a statement released by the PMO said.

Jammu | PM Narendra Modi lays the foundation stones for the 850 MW Ratle Hydroelectric Project & 540 MW Kwar Hydroelectric Project to be constructed on the Chenab river in Kishtwar District pic.twitter.com/AgBhB8Fou4 — ANI (@ANI) April 24, 2022

#WATCH PM Narendra Modi receives a warm welcome at Palli village in Samba district. This is the PM's first visit to the region after the abrogation of Articles 370 & 35A in J&K PM will address all Gram Sabhas across India on National Panchayati Raj Day from here today. pic.twitter.com/AoXNz6uDZ0 — ANI (@ANI) April 24, 2022

Prime Minister Narendra Modi arrives at Palli Panchayat in Samba district to participate in the celebration of National Panchayati Raj Day and flag off development works worth over Rs 20,000 crores.

Jammu | Prime Minister Narendra Modi arrives at Palli Panchayat in Samba district to participate in the celebration of National Panchayati Raj Day & lay the foundation stone & inaugurate development works worth over Rs 20,000cr. Lt Gov Manoj Sinha felicitates PM Modi. pic.twitter.com/G8QAHZ9XhR — ANI (@ANI) April 24, 2022

Following a fierce gunfight between two newly infiltrated Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) suicide bombers and security forces, a thick security blanket has been thrown across Jammu and Kashmir ahead of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to Palli Panchayat in Samba district on Sunday, officials said.

A red alert has been sounded in the Union Territory following the encounter near Sunjwan army camp on the outskirts of the city which averted a major attack with the gunning down of both the terrorists armed with suicide vests and large quantity of arms and ammunition. ( PTI )

Besides making a push for industrial and infrastructure development in Jammu and Kashmir, Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Palli village in Samba district on Sunday – his first major trip since Article 370 was abrogated in J&K in August 2019 — will carry a significant political message. Read more

In his first visit to Jammu and Kashmir for a government programme since the abrogation of Article 370 in 2019, Prime Minister Narendra Modi will launch projects worth Rs 38,082 crore on Sunday from a village in Samba district that has been billed as India’s first carbon-neutral panchayat. This infrastructure push was an attempt to showcase how fast the Union Territory was transforming, officials said. Read more

In a statement, the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) said, “Since the introduction of constitutional reforms with regards to J&K in August 2019, the government has been focused on bringing about wide-ranging reforms to substantially improve governance and enhance ease of living for the people of the region at an unprecedented pace... The projects being inaugurated and whose foundation stone is being laid in this visit will go a long way in facilitating provision of basic amenities, ensuring ease of mobility and development of infrastructure in the region.”

The Prime Minister is also scheduled to inaugurate Banihal Qazigund Road Tunnel, built at a cost of more than Rs 3,100 crore.

“The 8.45-km-long tunnel would reduce the road distance between Banihal and Qazigund by 16 km, and reduce journey time by around one-and-a-half hours,” the PMO stated. “It is a twin-tube tunnel — one for each direction of travel — with the twin tubes being interconnected by a cross passage every 500m, for maintenance and emergency evacuation. The tunnel would help establish an all-weather connection between Jammu and Kashmir, and bring the two regions closer.”

During the visit, Modi will lay foundation stone of three road projects of Delhi-Amritsar-Katra Expressway, being built at a cost of more than Rs 7,500 crore. These packages are for construction of 4/6 lane access-controlled Delhi-Katra-Amritsar Expressway from Balsua on NH-44 to Gurha Baildaran, Hiranagar; Gurha Baildaran, Hiranagar to Jakh, Vijaypur; and Jakh, Vijaypur to Kunjwani, Jammu with spur connectivity to Jammu airport.

After abrogation of Article 370, the PM had briefly visited J&K to celebrate Diwali with armed forces in Nowshera district on November 4, 2021. This is his first visit since.

The Indian Express website has been rated GREEN for its credibility and trustworthiness by Newsguard, a global service that rates news sources for their journalistic standards.

Click here to join The Indian Express on WhatsApp and get latest news and updates

Jammu and Kashmir
Narendra Modi
Elections 2024
Political Pulse
Entertainment
Movie Review
Newsletters
Web Stories
🇮🇳 I-Day SALE
Express Shorts
Mini Crossword
Health & Wellness

Challenges in Reducing Tensions in the J&K Region

ForumIAS announcing GS Foundation Program for UPSC CSE 2025-26 from 10th August. Click Here for more information.

Source : The post challenges in reducing tensions in the J&K region has been created, based on the article “ J&K terror attack: Dealing with Pakistan without playing tit-for-tat ” published in “ Indian express ” and “ A new trend: India needs more than troops to combat militants in Jammu ” published in “ The Hindu ” on 10th July 2024

UPSC Syllabus Topic : GS Paper3-security

Context : The articles discuss recent terrorist attacks in Jammu and Kashmir, attributing them to Pakistan-sponsored groups. They mention India’s security challenges and diplomatic efforts to address this ongoing conflict, amidst changing regional dynamics and internal pressures within Pakistan.

For detailed information on The Challenge of Cross-border Terrorism in India read this article here

How Severe Is the Terrorism Threat in the J&K Region?

Recent Attacks: In the last two days, seven security personnel were killed, following four attacks in June. These include an ambush in Badnota village, killing five army personnel.
Continued Sponsorship: Despite international scrutiny, Pakistan continues to support terrorist groups operating in Jammu and Kashmir.
Evolving Threats: New terror groups and strategies, such as targeting the Rajouri-Poonch area, show an adaptation in terrorist operations, increasing the complexity of the threat.

How Has the Situation Affected Perceptions?

Shattered Complacency: Recent terror attacks have disrupted the previous perception of Pakistan’s restraint, particularly among India’s strategic community. This reflects a shift in the perceived effectiveness of past peace initiatives and muscular policies.
Misjudged Stability: The belief that revoking J&K’s special status had largely contained the Pakistan problem is challenged by continued attacks. This indicates that major policy moves have not resolved the underlying issues.

What Are the Challenges in Reducing Tensions in J&K Region?

Persistent Terrorism: Despite international scrutiny and India’s strong security measures, Pakistan-sponsored terrorism continues unabated, as evidenced by recent fatal attacks on security forces.
Diplomatic Limitations: The slogan “terror and talks cannot go together” has become a public and political mantra in India, reducing the government’s flexibility in pursuing diplomatic talks with Pakistan.
Pakistan’s Internal Politics: Political turmoil and military dominance in Pakistan complicate any potential diplomatic engagement. The stand taken by former Prime Minister Imran Khan against trading with India adds to the challenges.
Reduced Local Intelligence: The redeployment of troops to the Eastern Ladakh border following the 2020 standoff with China has led to a significant gap in local intelligence in Jammu and Kashmir, affecting the effectiveness of security operations and increasing vulnerability to terrorist tactics.

What Are the Implications for Security?

Increased Security Risks: Recent terror attacks, including the ambush in Badnota village that killed five army personnel, highlight increased security risks for forces operating in Jammu and Kashmir.
Strained Resources: The redeployment of a large number of troops to the Eastern Ladakh border has created a vacuum in local security, reducing the effectiveness of intelligence and response capabilities in Jammu and Kashmir.
Adaptive Terror Tactics: Terrorists are utilizing modern technology and shifting focus to less guarded regions like Rajouri-Poonch, complicating security operations.

What Should India Do Next?

Enhance Security Protocols: India should tighten security measures, especially in vulnerable areas like Rajouri-Poonch, where recent shifts in terrorist activities have been noted.
Diplomatic Engagement: Despite the challenges, India should seek diplomatic avenues to reduce tensions, possibly resuming quiet talks that have sporadically occurred.
Counter-Terrorism Strategies: Strengthen counter-terrorism tactics, including the use of advanced technology to bridge the intelligence gaps caused by troop redeployments to other regions.
International Pressure: Continue efforts to isolate Pakistan internationally, focusing on its role in sponsoring terrorism, while addressing anti-India rhetoric effectively at global forums.

Question for practice:

Discuss the implications of recent terrorist attacks in Jammu and Kashmir on India’s security measures and diplomatic efforts.

Type your email…

Search Articles

Prelims 2024 current affairs.

Art and Culture
Indian Economy
Science and Technology
Environment & Ecology
International Relations
Polity & Nation
Important Bills and Acts
International Organizations
Index, Reports and Summits
Government Schemes and Programs
Miscellaneous
Species in news

All India Open Test(Simulator X)

₹ 10 Lakh,1" data-value="Loan ₹ 10 Lakh">Loan ₹ 10 Lakh
Games & Puzzles

Entertainment
Latest News
Kolkata Rape Case Live Updates
Paralympics 2024 live updates
Reliance AGM 2024 Live
Web Stories
Mumbai News
Bengaluru News
Daily Digest

PM Modi's two-day visit to Jammu & Kashmir begins on June 20: Full schedule

Pm narendra modi will commence his two-day visit to jammu and kashmir tomorrow, june 20. here's the full schedule of the prime minister's visit..

Prime Minister Narendra Modi will commence his two-day trip to Jammu and Kashmir on June 20. During his visit to the Union territory, PM Modi will lay the foundation stone of multiple developmental projects and participate in the 10th International Day of Yoga event in Srinagar.

PM Modi's visit to Jammu and Kashmir will commence a day after security forces carried out a search operation and encounter in the Baramulla district on Wednesday, killing two terrorists. The operation currently remains underway.

"On specific intelligence input regarding the presence of terrorists, a Joint Operation was launched by the Indian Army and Jammu and Kashmir Police today in the Hadipora area of PD Sopore; two terrorists eliminated, and the operation is in progress," the Chinar Corps-Indian Army posted on X.

PM Modi's visit to Jammu and Kashmir: Full schedule

PM Modi will visit Jammu and Kashmir on June 20 and 21. At 6 pm on Thursday, the prime minister will participate in the 'Empowering Youth, Transforming J&K’ event in Srinagar.

The event "Empowering Youth, Transforming J&K" is a pivotal moment for the region, showcasing progress and providing inspiration to young achievers. On occasion, the prime minister will inspect stalls and interact with young achievers in the region.

Modi will inaugurate and lay the foundation stone of multiple development projects in Jammu and Kashmir . He will also launch Competitiveness Improvement in Agriculture and Allied Sectors Project (JKCIP).

At 6:30 pm, PM Modi will participate in the 10th International Day of Yoga event at SKICC in Srinagar. He will address the gathering on the occasion and participate in the CYP yoga session.

The prime minister is also scheduled to inaugurate and lay the foundation stone of 84 major developmental projects valued at more than Rs. 1,500 crore. The inaugurations will include projects related to road infrastructure, water supply schemes, infrastructure in higher education, etc.

PM Modi will also launch the Competitiveness Improvement in Agriculture & Allied Sectors (JKCIP) Project, worth Rs. 1,800 crore. The project will be implemented in 90 Blocks across 20 districts of J&K, and will have an outreach of 300,000 households, covering 15 lakh beneficiaries

During his two-day visit, the prime minister will distribute the letters of appointment to more than 2000 people appointed to government service.

(With inputs from PTI)

Jammu And Kashmir
International Day Of Yoga
Terms of use
Privacy policy
Weather Today
HT Newsletters
Subscription
Print Ad Rates
Code of Ethics

India vs Sri Lanka
Live Cricket Score
Cricket Teams
Cricket Players
ICC Rankings
Cricket Schedule
Shreyas Iyer
Harshit Rana
Kusal Mendis
Ravi Bishnoi
Rinku Singh
Riyan Parag
Washington Sundar
Avishka Fernando
Charith Asalanka
Dasun Shanaka
Khaleel Ahmed
Pathum Nissanka
Other Cities
Income Tax Calculator
Petrol Prices
Diesel Prices
Silver Rate
Relationships
Art and Culture
Taylor Swift: A Primer
Telugu Cinema
Tamil Cinema
Board Exams
Exam Results
Admission News
Employment News
Competitive Exams
BBA Colleges
Engineering Colleges
Medical Colleges
BCA Colleges
Medical Exams
Engineering Exams
Love Horoscope
Annual Horoscope
Festival Calendar
Compatibility Calculator
Career Horoscope
Manifestation
The Economist Articles
Lok Sabha States
Lok Sabha Parties
Lok Sabha Candidates
Explainer Video
On The Record
Vikram Chandra Daily Wrap
Entertainment Photos
Lifestyle Photos
News Photos
Olympics 2024
Olympics Medal Tally
Other Sports
EPL 2023-24
ISL 2023-24
Asian Games 2023
Public Health
Economic Policy
International Affairs
Climate Change
Gender Equality
future tech
HT Friday Finance
Explore Hindustan Times
Privacy Policy
Terms of Use
Subscription - Terms of Use

Our Selections

About NEXT IAS
Director’s Desk
Advisory Panel
Faculty Panel
General Studies Courses
Optional Courses
Interview Guidance Program
Postal Courses
Prelims Test Series
Mains Test Series (GS & Optional)
ANUBHAV (All India Open Mock Test)

Daily Current Affairs

Current Affairs MCQ
Monthly Current Affairs Magazine
Previous Year Papers
Down to Earth
Kurukshetra
Union Budget
Economic Survey
Download NCERTs
NIOS Study Material
Beyond Classroom
Toppers’ Copies
Student Portal

On Militancy in Jammu and Kashmir

Syllabus: GS 3/Internal Security

Recently, there has been a sharp rise in militant attacks in Jammu and Kashmir.

Present scenario

The region was a hotbed of insurgency in the late 1990s and early 2000s but was controlled by Operation Sarp Vinash in 2003 with local support.
Jammu Region: 31 incidents Since 2021,, resulting in 47 security forces and 19 civilians killed, and 48 terrorists killed.
On July 8, 2024 terrorists ambushed an Army convoy in Badnota village, killing five Indian Army personnel.
June 2023: Attack on pilgrims in Reasi, resulting in 10 deaths.
Kashmir Valley: 263 incidents Since 2021,, resulting in 68 security forces and 75 civilians killed, and 417 terrorists killed.

Reasons for Increased Militancy

Troop Redeployment: The counter-terrorism efforts have been weakened due to the re-deployment of troops to the Line of Actual Control (LAC) following the Galwan incident in June 2020.
Challenges include difficult terrain and poor connectivity.
Local Support : A shift towards using local militants to give a more home-grown face to the insurgency.
Emergence of new terror group s claiming responsibility for attacks.
Increased use of modern technology by terrorists.
Gap in local intelligence.

Challenges and Impacts

This has led to ongoing violence and instability.
Terrorist attacks often result in civilian casualties, either directly through attacks or indirectly through crossfire or military operations.
Curfews: There is a heavy military presence in Kashmir, which can lead to frequent curfews, roadblocks, and heightened tension among the local population.
Displacement : Ongoing violence and instability have led to the displacement of families and individuals, creating a refugee crisis and disrupting lives.
Psychological : The constant threat of violence and the experience of attacks have significant psychological effects on the population, including trauma, anxiety, and depression.
Terrorist activities often result in the destruction of infrastructure
Terrorist attacks can deepen social and ethnic divisions , creating mistrust and animosity among different communities within the region.

Steps of India to tackle militancy in Jammu and Kashmir

To address the security vacuum, around 3,000 Army troops and 500 Special Forces have been deployed to Jammu.
Assam Rifles have previously been successful in Jammu and Kashmir, with Operation Dudhi in 1991 being a notable example of successful counter-terrorism efforts
Reorganisation : The abrogation of Article 370 in August 2019 led to the reorganization of Jammu and Kashmir into two Union Territories (Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh), aimed at better administration and integration.
A New Central Sector Scheme has been notified on 19/02/2021 for the Industrial Development of the UT of J&K,
Public Safety Act (PSA): Aimed at detaining individuals involved in militancy or anti-national activities.
Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA): Strengthening legal frameworks to deal with terrorism and other unlawful activities.
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Jammu and Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Jammu have been made functional.

Suggestions and Way Forward

Additional troops should be deployed in a way that integrates them with existing forces and allows them adequate time to adapt and establish control, rather than focusing on immediate numerical increases.
Efforts to rebuild trust with local communities and revive Village Defence Guards (VDGs) are ongoing.
Border Security : Strengthening the security along the Line of Control (LoC) to prevent infiltration from across the border. Smart fencing will be set up across the India-Pakistan borders to tackle the infiltration across borders.
Efforts to rehabilitate former militants and their families, including providing education, employment, and financial assistance.

Source:TH

News In Short – 29-08-2024
Order for SIG 716 Rifles: Modernization Effort of the Indian Army
Smart Cities under the National Industrial Corridor Development Programme
Government Agrees to Further Discussions with Trade Unions on Labour Codes
India’s Pharma Sector to Reach $130 Billion by 2030

Headlines of the Day

Headlines of the Day 29-08-2024
Headlines of the Day 28-08-2024
Headlines of the Day 27-08-2024
Headlines of the Day 24-08-2024
Headlines of the Day 23-08-2024

Other News of the Day

Jammu and Kashmir Assembly Elections 2024: BJP's damage control exercise after party workers protest over ticket distribution

Jammu: The BJP launched a damage control exercise on Wednesday after Jammu and Kashmir party president Ravinder Raina was forced to cut short his speech by angry workers seeking explanation over denial of ticket to Rohit Dubey from Shri Mata Vaishno Devi seat in Reasi district.

Dubey's name was replaced in the revised list of candidates with former MLA Baldev Raj Sharma.

The party immediately started taking actions to minimise the damage.

Dubey visited the party headquarters at Trikuta Nagar in Jammu this evening and posed with Sharma and other senior leaders of the party, which the BJP termed as a move to show the "unity and the strength of the organisation".

Union minister Jitendra Singh, national general secretary and in-charge J&K Tarun Chugh, Raina, member of Parliament Jugal Kishore Sharma, election management committee convener Sarb Singh Naag and other senior BJP leaders were present on occasion, the party said in a statement late in the evening.

Chugh said the BJP is a disciplined party of ground-level workers who work together like a family.

"Together we are strong and the BJP is set to make history in the Assembly elections in the J&K. The BJP is working with the mission to make the J&K an example of peace and prosperity in the coming times," he said during Dubey’s visit to the party headquarters.

The BJP said all the party leaders present on the occasion showed their strength and committed themselves to the party's victory in the region.

Earlier in the day, Raina rushed to Katra where Dubey's supporters had come out on the roads and blocked the highway outside the newly set up party office to protest the party's decision to field Sharma in his place.

Shri Mata Vaishno Devi seat is going to polls along with 25 other segments in the second phase on September 25.

Meanwhile, the protest at the BJP office here continued for the third day on Wednesday with a fresh group of agitated party workers from Chhamb constituency of Jammu raising slogans against fielding former MLA Rajeev Sharma from there.

The workers, who assembled outside the party headquarters at Trikuta Nagar in Jammu, said they were hoping for a local leader instead of an "outsider" to get a ticket.

The first phase of elections covering 24 seats is taking place on September 18, while the final and the third phase covering the remaining 40 seats will be held on October 1 followed by counting of votes on October 4.

Dubey, who is district president of the BJP for Reasi, was named in the initial list of 44 candidates issued by the party on Monday which was subsequently withdrawn. However, in the rescinded list of 29 candidates issued on Tuesday, the party named Sharma in place of Dubey while all other names remained the same for the same set of constituencies announced earlier.

As the J&K BJP president reached the party office, he was greeted by hundreds of slogan-shouting workers demanding an explanation for denying ticket to Dubey and replacing him with Sharma.

"We know Dubey is a hardworking and dedicated member of the BJP whose family has been associated with the party for generations… we are in election mode and have to fight together with our party's mission of nation first, party second and self last," he said while addressing the workers.

Raina's speech was frequently interrupted by the party workers, demanding an answer in clear terms whether Dubey would be given a ticket or not. Soon he had to abandon his speech as the party workers stood up despite attempts by Dubey to pacify them.

"Dubey is a dedicated worker of the BJP whose family has a history of backing the party since the days of Jan Sangh. He will always remain with the party," Raina later told reporters in response to a question that many of his supporters are pressing him to fight as an independent from the constituency.

The workers removed the road blockade on the intervention of Dubey who said the party's decision had left the workers disappointed.

"What I am today is because of the party and it is not good to block the road and cause inconvenience to the commuters including Vaishno Devi pilgrims who are stranded. I was told to wait till tomorrow," Dubey told the gathering.

He said senior leaders are coming from Delhi and "we will come to know about the party's decision".

"I do not know the reason why my name was dropped after being included in the first list. It is premature to say what I will do next. Whatever the party workers will decide, I will respect their decision," he said while talking to reporters.

Former provincial president of Democratic Progressive Azad Party (DPAP) Jugal Kishore Sharma also met Dubey and said "he is my younger brother".

"I am not affiliated to any party right now because I have left DPAP… I felt happy for him when his name was listed in the BJP candidate list and decided not to fight the elections against him," the former minister said.

Follow us on :

IMAGES

Union Home Minister visit to Jammu and Kashmir
Glimpses from the Prime Minister's Jammu & Kashmir visit
History of accession of Kashmir
Article 370 and 35(A) Revoked
History of accession of Kashmir
'Kashmir Expo Start-ups For Livelihood’ Inaugurated : Latest update

VIDEO

Home Minister Amit Shah On 2-Day Visit To Jammu and Kashmir Ahead Of Amarnath Yatra
Jammu Kashmir News
Jammu & Kashmir
PM Modi Jammu Kashmir Visit
G20 Kashmir News
G20 Summit 2023 India

COMMENTS

In Depth: Jammu and Kashmir
Accession of J&K to India. Jammu and Kashmir was one among the 565 princely states of India on which the British paramountcy lapsed at the stroke of midnight on 15 th August 1947 under the Partition Plan provided by the Indian Independence Act. The rulers of princely states were given an option to join either India or Pakistan.
Article 370: Decoding the Supreme Court Verdict
This editorial is based on "Today, a clean canvas for every child in J&K" which was published in The Indian Express on 12/12/2023. The article argues that the verdict is a historic and landmark judgment that upholds the sovereignty and integrity of India and the will of the people of Jammu and Kashmir.
In Depth: Jammu and Kashmir
In Depth: Jammu and Kashmir Both Article 370 and Article 35A have been subject matters of debates for several years. They've been continuously challenged in the Supreme Court on grounds of being unconstitutional and violating the basic structure of the Indian Constitution. The debate has once again gained ground with National Conference leader and former J&K CM Omar Abdullah calling for a ...
PM's Visit to Jammu & Kashmir
Context - PM inaugurates projects estimated at 20,000 crores in Jammu and Kashmir on the occasion of National Panchayati Raj Day.
Militancy in Jammu and Kashmir
As Jammu and Kashmir completes two years as a Union Territory (UT), militancy remains a major challenge to the security apparatus amid growing fears that the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan is likely to flip the striking capabilities of the militant outfits, especially the Jaish-e-Muhammad (JeM) and the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen (HuM).
Jammu and Kashmir Amendment Bills 2023| Polity Primer
Jammu and Kashmir Amendment Bills 2023| Polity Primer | Drishti IAS English Drishti IAS : English 3.35M subscribers Subscribed 270 7K views 8 months ago #JammuandKashmir #DrishtiIAS #J
History of accession of Kashmir
A concise summary of political and military events in the history of Kashmir stretching back to 150 years, though largely focused on Kashmir accession to Ind...
Complex and Contentious nature of the Kashmir issue UPSC
This reflects the complex and contentious nature of the Kashmir issue, which has been a source of conflict between India and Pakistan for decades. The princely state of Jammu and Kashmir was established in 1846 through the Treaty of Amritsar, with Gulab Singh, the Dogra jagirdar of Jammu purchasing Kashmir from the British after the Anglo-Sikh ...
Kashmir Issue
The Kashmir issue - has multiple dimensions - external and internal; inter-state as well as intra-state. Not even the separatists are on the same ground - their demands are different. The princely state of Jammu and Kashmir which was under the control of British India - is now not entirely with India. Pakistan and China too now occupy a ...
Resurgence of Militancy in Jammu and Kashmir: Challenges and Solutions
Historically, Jammu was relatively insulated from the militancy that plagued the Kashmir Valley. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, however, the Chenab Valley (comprising Doda, Kishtwar, Ramban, Kathua, Udhampur, and Reasi districts) and areas south of the Pir Panjal (including Rajouri and Poonch districts) were hotbeds of militant activity. This phase saw numerous incidents of violence, which ...
Enemy Agents Ordinance
Jammu and Kashmir Director General of Police (DGP) R R Swain on Sunday said those found assisting militants in J&K should be tried by investigating agencies under the Enemy Agents Ordinance, 2005.
(13 Jun, 2024)
The issue of militancy in Jammu and Kashmir has been particularly complex, with Pakistan-based terrorist groups like Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) and Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) f ueling the insurgency.
PM Modi Jammu and Kashmir Visit Highlights: 'Union territory will get
PM Modi Jammu and Kashmir Visit Highlights: Modi is on a two-day tour in the Union Territory and he will lead the 10th International Day of Yoga (IDY) celebrations in Srinagar tomorrow.
Explained: Why PM Narendra Modi is visiting Jammu & Kashmir
Why is the Prime Minister visiting Jammu & Kashmir? He will inaugurate and lay the foundation stone of development projects worth over Rs 20,000 crore in the Union Territory. As per an official statement, Modi will also inaugurate the Banihal Qazigund Road Tunnel, built at a cost of over Rs 3100 crore.
Narendra Modi's J&K Visit Live Updates: Central govt schemes being
PM Modi's J&K Visit LIVE Updates: Security has been tightened across the Union Territory after a powerful explosion was heard early Sunday in a village in Jammu's Bishnah, which is nearly 8-km away from Palli in the Samba district where Prime Minister Narendra Modi will visit.
Challenges in Reducing Tensions in the J&K Region |ForumIAS
The stand taken by former Prime Minister Imran Khan against trading with India adds to the challenges. Reduced Local Intelligence: The redeployment of troops to the Eastern Ladakh border following the 2020 standoff with China has led to a significant gap in local intelligence in Jammu and Kashmir, affecting the effectiveness of security ...
Interim Report of J&K Delimitation Commission
The Commission has, as per the mandate granted under the J&K Reorganisation Act, 2019, added seven assembly constituencies to J&K, increasing its strength from 87 to 90. The interim report proposes an increase of six seats for the Jammu province, taking the number of constituencies to 43, and an increase of one seat in the Kashmir province ...
Lithium Reserves Found In Jammu And Kashmir- IN NEWS I Drishti IAS
Lithium Reserves Found In Jammu and Kashmir The government on Thursday said lithium reserves have been found for the first time in the country in Jammu and Kashmir.
Home Minister Amit Shah's visit to Jammu and Kashmir: Know what's on
Union Home Minister Amit Shah has begun his three-day visit to Jammu and Kashmir from Monday, with a jam-packed schedule on the cards.
PM Modi's two-day visit to Jammu & Kashmir begins on June 20: Full
PM Narendra Modi will commence his two-day visit to Jammu and Kashmir tomorrow, June 20. Here's the full schedule of the prime minister's visit.
Governance Reforms in Jammu and Kashmir
Initiatives Taken to address governance issues in J&K. 'Back to Villages' program under which government officers visit villages to redress grievances of people at their doorsteps. Governor's rule is first imposed for six months in the state with the approval of the President. In case, the constitutional crisis is not resolved within 6 ...
On Militancy in Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu Region: 31 incidents Since 2021,, resulting in 47 security forces and 19 civilians killed, and 48 terrorists killed. On July 8, 2024 terrorists ambushed an Army convoy in Badnota village, killing five Indian Army personnel. June 2023: Attack on pilgrims in Reasi, resulting in 10 deaths. Kashmir Valley: 263 incidents Since 2021,, resulting ...
Jammu and Kashmir Assembly Elections 2024: BJP's damage control
Jammu: The BJP launched a damage control exercise on Wednesday after Jammu and Kashmir party president Ravinder Raina was forced to cut short his speech by angry workers seeking explanation over ...
GSI Discovers Lithium Resources in J&K
Why in News? The Geological Survey of India has for the first-time established Lithium 'inferred' resources (G3) of 5.9 million tonnes in Salal-Haimana area of the UT of Jammu & Kashmir.