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Apple Makes iCloud Safari Bookmarks End-To-End Encrypted [Updated]

Apple has toggled end-to-end encryption for Safari bookmarks in iCloud , further expanding the type of user data that the company fully encrypts, offering the highest level of privacy and data protection.

With Safari bookmarks now an added data point that's end-to-end encrypted, what remains not end-to-end encrypted is worth noting. ‌iCloud‌ backups, for example, are only protected using 128-bit AES encryption, alongside Photos , Reminders, Notes, and more. In recent months, Apple has come under pressure to make iCloud Photos and ‌iCloud‌ backups fully end-to-end encrypted, but the company has yet to make those changes.

Update Following our report from yesterday, Apple has updated its support page to indicate that Safari bookmarks are not actually end-to-end encrypted, and instead just protected using a standard "minimum of 128-bit AES encryption." While bookmarks remain not end-to-end encrypted, Safari Tab Groups now are.

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Top rated comments.

Yes, if you use iCloud Photos. Which one do you prefer: a) In-device hash check (it’s NOT image recognition) and fully encrypted iCloud or b) No in-device hash check but having the check done in iCloud instead which means that you can’t have fully encrypted iCloud. ?

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3 days ago by Tim Hardwick

1 week ago by Tim Hardwick

iCloud data security overview

iCloud uses strong security methods, employs strict policies to protect your information, and leads the industry in using privacy-preserving security technologies like end-to-end encryption for your data.

iCloud data security and encryption

The security of your data in iCloud starts with the security of your Apple ID. All new Apple IDs require two-factor authentication to help protect you from fraudulent attempts to gain access to your account. Two-factor authentication is also required for many features across Apple’s ecosystem, including end-to-end encryption.

Apple offers two options to encrypt and protect the data you store in iCloud:

Standard data protection is the default setting for your account. Your iCloud data is encrypted, the encryption keys are secured in Apple data centers so we can help you with data recovery, and only certain data is end-to-end encrypted.

Advanced Data Protection for iCloud is an optional setting that offers our highest level of cloud data security. If you choose to enable Advanced Data Protection, your trusted devices retain sole access to the encryption keys for the majority of your iCloud data, thereby protecting it using end-to-end encryption. Additional data protected includes iCloud Backup, Photos, Notes, and more.

About end-to-end encrypted data

End-to-end encrypted data can be decrypted only on your trusted devices where you’re signed in with your Apple ID. No one else can access your end-to-end encrypted data — not even Apple — and this data remains secure even in the case of a data breach in the cloud. If you lose access to your account, only you can recover this data, using your device passcode or password, recovery contact , or recovery key .

Standard data protection

Standard data protection is the default setting for your account. Your iCloud data is encrypted in transit and stored in an encrypted format at rest. The encryption keys from your trusted devices are secured in Apple data centers, so Apple can decrypt your data on your behalf whenever you need it, such as when you sign in on a new device, restore from a backup, or recover your data after you’ve forgotten your password. As long as you can successfully sign in with your Apple ID, you can access your backups, photos, documents, notes, and more.

For additional privacy and security, 15 data categories — including Health and passwords in iCloud Keychain — are end-to-end encrypted. Apple doesn't have the encryption keys for these categories, and we can't help you recover this data if you lose access to your account. The table below includes a list of data categories that are always protected by end-to-end encryption.

Advanced Data Protection for iCloud

Starting with iOS 16.2, iPadOS 16.2 and macOS 13.1, you can choose to enable Advanced Data Protection to protect the vast majority of your iCloud data, even in the case of a data breach in the cloud.

With Advanced Data Protection, the number of data categories that use end-to-end encryption rises to 25 and includes your iCloud Backup, Photos, Notes, and more. The table below lists the additional data categories that are protected by end-to-end encryption when you enable Advanced Data Protection.

If you enable Advanced Data Protection and then lose access to your account, Apple will not have the encryption keys to help you recover it — you’ll need to use your device passcode or password, a recovery contact , or a personal recovery key . Because the majority of your iCloud data will be protected by end-to-end encryption, you’ll be guided to set up at least one recovery contact or recovery key before you turn on Advanced Data Protection. You must also update all your Apple devices to a software version that supports this feature.

You can turn off Advanced Data Protection at any time. Your device will securely upload the required encryption keys to Apple servers, and your account will once again use standard data protection.

Learn how to turn on Advanced Data Protection for iCloud .

Data categories and encryption

The table below provides more detail on how iCloud protects your data when using standard data protection or Advanced Data Protection.

Additional notes

iCloud Mail : iCloud Mail does not use end-to-end encryption because of the need to interoperate with the global email system. All native Apple email clients support optional S/MIME for message encryption.

Contacts and Calendars : Contacts and calendars are built on industry standards (CalDAV and CardDAV) that do not provide built-in support for end-to-end encryption.

iCloud Backup (including device and Messages backup)

Standard data protection : When iCloud Backup is enabled, the keys to your backups are secured in Apple data centers. If you use both iCloud Backup and Messages in iCloud , your backup includes a copy of the Messages in iCloud encryption key to help you recover your data.

Advanced Data Protection : iCloud Backup and everything inside it is end-to-end encrypted, including the Messages in iCloud encryption key.

iCloud Drive : Includes Pages, Keynote, and Numbers documents, PDFs, Safari downloads, or any other files manually or automatically saved to iCloud Drive.

Reminders : Reminders synced using CalDAV don’t support end-to end encryption.

Passwords and Keychain : Includes your saved accounts and passwords.

Messages in iCloud

    Standard data protection : Messages in iCloud is end-to-end encrypted when iCloud Backup is disabled. When iCloud Backup is enabled, your backup includes a copy of the Messages in iCloud encryption key to help you recover your data. If you turn off iCloud Backup, a new key is generated on your device to protect future Messages in iCloud. This key is end-to-end encrypted between your devices and isnʼt stored by Apple

Advanced Data Protection : Messages in iCloud is always end-to-end encrypted. When iCloud Backup is enabled, everything inside it is end-to-end encrypted, including the Messages in iCloud encryption key.

Maps : Includes Favorites, My Guides, and Search History.

Safari : Includes History, Tab Groups, and iCloud Tabs.

Siri information : Includes Siri Settings and personalization and, if you have set up Hey Siri, a small sample of your requests.

Encryption of certain metadata and usage information

Some metadata and usage information stored in iCloud remains under standard data protection, even when Advanced Data Protection is enabled. For example, dates and times when a file or object was modified are used to sort your information, and checksums of file and photo data are used to help Apple de-duplicate and optimize your iCloud and device storage — all without having access to the files and photos themselves. Representative examples are provided in the table below.

This metadata is always encrypted, but the encryption keys are still stored by Apple. As we continue to strengthen security protections for all users, Apple is committed to ensuring more data, including this kind of metadata, is end-to-end encrypted when Advanced Data Protection is enabled.

Sharing and collaboration

With standard data protection, iCloud content that you share with other people is not end-to-end encrypted.

Advanced Data Protection is designed to maintain end-to-end encryption for shared content as long as all participants have Advanced Data Protection enabled. This level of protection is supported in most iCloud sharing features, including iCloud Shared Photo Library, iCloud Drive shared folders, and shared Notes.

iWork collaboration, the Shared Albums feature in Photos, and sharing content with “anyone with the link,” do not support Advanced Data Protection. When you use these features, the encryption keys for the shared content are securely uploaded to Apple data centers so that iCloud can facilitate real-time collaboration or web sharing. This means the shared content is not end-to-end encrypted, even when Advanced Data Protection is enabled.

To initiate sharing or collaboration, the names and Apple IDs of participants are sent to Apple servers, and a title and representative thumbnail of the shared item may be used to show a preview to the participants.

iCloud.com and data access on the web

iCloud.com provides access to your iCloud data via any web browser. All sessions at iCloud.com are encrypted in transit between Apple's servers and the browser on your device. When Advanced Data Protection is enabled, access to your data via iCloud.com is disabled by default. You have the option to turn on data access on iCloud.com, which allows the web browser that you're using and Apple to have temporary access to data-specific encryption keys provided by your device to decrypt and view your information. Learn more about iCloud.com web access .

Third-party app data

Third-party app data stored in iCloud is always encrypted in transit and on server. When you turn on Advanced Data Protection, third-party app data stored in iCloud Backup and CloudKit encrypted fields and assets are end-to-end encrypted.

About third-party data centers

Both Apple and third-party data centers may be used to store and process your data. When processing data stored in a third-party data center, encryption keys are accessed only by Apple software running on secure servers, and only while conducting the necessary processing. The keys are always stored and secured in Apple data centers. Apple doesn't access or store keys for any end-to-end encrypted data.

Information about products not manufactured by Apple, or independent websites not controlled or tested by Apple, is provided without recommendation or endorsement. Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the selection, performance, or use of third-party websites or products. Apple makes no representations regarding third-party website accuracy or reliability. Contact the vendor for additional information.

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Your synced Safari bookmarks are now end-to-end encrypted [update: removed]

Apple has boosted the security and privacy of iCloud services further by switching end-to-end encryption for Safari bookmarks, preventing anyone but you from accessing them.

UPDATE October 11, 2021: Apple has disabled end-to-end encryption, which provides the highest level of data security, for Safari bookmarks. The company has updated a support document on iCloud security to acknowledge that Safari bookmarks are encrypted only in transit and on server, protected using “a standard minimum of 128-bit AES encryption.”

STORY HIGHLIGHTS:

• Apple switches on end-to-end encryption for Safari bookmarks
• Bookmarks are encrypted on the device, in transit and on iCloud servers
• This ensures no one but the user can access saved Safari bookmarks

Safari bookmarks in iCloud are now end-to-end encrypted

Before this change, Apple applied end-to-end encryption to other types of Safari content, including Safari history and iCloud tabs. End-to-end encryption wasn’t used to protect iCloud bookmarks in Safari, but that’s changing now, according to reports on Reddit .

With end-to-end encryption, your Safari bookmarks are encrypted on your own devices, when in transit (when being synced with iCloud) and at rest (while being stored on servers). This prevents rogue parties to interject between the cloud and your device to catch unprotected bookmarks as they’re being synced. Read: How to save open Safari tabs as bookmarks

Not all data types that Apple apps store in iCloud use this type of encryption.

Things you need to know about iCloud security

Crucial items like Apple Pay, Health data, saved passwords, exchanged messages and more use end-to-end encryption. But as a support document on the Apple website spells out, apps like Photos and Notes, and features like iCloud backups, only use 128-bit AES encryption.

iCloud secures your information by encrypting it when it’s in transit and storing it in iCloud in an encrypted format. Many Apple services use end-to-end encryption, which means that only you can access your information, and only on trusted devices where you’re signed in with your Apple ID.

Read the support document for a detailed list of all the iCloud features and their individual level of protection in terms of encryption and security.

End-to-end encryption provides the highest level of data security. On each of your devices, the data that you store in iCloud and that’s associated with your Apple ID is protected with a key derived from information unique to that device, combined with your device passcode which only you know. No one else, not even Apple, can access end-to-end encrypted information.

As mentioned earlier, not everything stored in iCloud takes advantage of the strongest end-to-end encryption. Knowing which data types are protected with which encryption is crucial to understanding how secure your data really is across the company’s platforms and services.

This is by design. The approach enables the company to portray itself as a champion of security. At the same time, Apple intentionally leaves features such as iCloud backup unprotected . As a result, law enforcement is unable to eavesdrop on iMessages chat but can easily get a copy of your most recent iCloud backup that includes the Messages database.

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Safari Will Now Encrypt Your iCloud Bookmarks

Supposedly not even Apple itself will be able to access the information

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End-to-end encryption has been confirmed for Safari, which now protects your iCloud internet bookmark data.

Apple's iCloud Security Overview has received some new entries recently, including information related to Safari's web browser. According to the web page, the end-to-end encryption now covers your bookmarks, in addition to your history and tabs, as a way to protect both your security and your privacy.

As pointed out by SoleSolace on Reddit, it seems to coincide with iOS 15's release, but doesn't specify any particular iOS version, thus raising questions as to whether or not it will affect bookmark syncing across systems.

This means that all of your important bookmarks for personal and private web use—like banks, email, etc—is protected in iCloud. You won't have to worry about account login details or anything like that being viewed or stolen. The only way someone could gain access would be to know your Apple ID or access your device directly, which would require a passcode or Face/TouchID. However, this only protects your information in iCloud—if a website or service, itself, is compromised, your information could still be at risk.

According to Apple, iCloud end-to-end encryption is handled via iCloud, itself, so even if the data is stored on a third-party app (e.g. Amazon or Google services) it's still secure. It goes on to state that Apple itself also won't be able to access the information.

End-to-end iCloud encryption for Safari bookmarks is available now and should work independently when you use the browser.

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• Apple / iCloud / iOS

Apple now end-to-end encrypts Safari Bookmarks in iCloud

by Jonny Evans · October 4, 2021

Cook speaks privacy

Apple in iOS 15 has quietly begun encrypting Safari Bookmarks in iCloud. It means no one, not Apple nor anyone else, can monitor these.

Safari Bookmarks are now secured

As noted on Reddit , Apple has confirmed this move in its iCloud Security Overview page, which now explains that along with Safari tabs and history, all your bookmarks are now end-to-end encrypted, which helps protect you.

Apple provides a similar level of protection to Apple Card transactions, health, home and Kyechain data, Maps, Messages in iCloud, Screen time, Siri information and Wi-Fi passwords.

For Messages in iCloud, if you have iCloud Backup turned on, your backup includes a copy of the key protecting your messages.

But not everything on iCloud as safe

However, not everything on iCloud is equally as well protected. While Apple attempts to protect user privacy in many different ways, it does not provide this much protection for your backups, contacts, iCloud Drive, Notes, Photos, Reminders, Calendars or Siri shortcuts, which are only protected with 128-bit AES encryption.

Therefore, law enforcement makes frequent requests for access to such information. Apple received 5,861 account requests from law enforcement in the US in the year to June 2020, the company has previously said . It has agreed to over 80% of such requests.

This is just one of several recent enhancements to security and privacy in iCloud. With the release of iCloud+, Apple introduced Hide My Email , which lets you create unique, random email addresses that forward to your inbox. It has also improved iCloud Data recovery and created a Digital Legacy scheme you can use to hand over your digital life after you pass.

Apple on privacy

Apple SVP Software Engineering, Craig Federighi, spoke at the  European Data Protection and Privacy Conference last year , he warned:

“The mass centralization of data puts privacy at risk—no matter who’s collecting it and what their intentions might be. So we believe Apple should have as little data about our customers as possible. “Now, others take the opposite approach. They gather, sell, and hoard as much of your personal information as they can. The result is a data-industrial complex, where shadowy actors work to infiltrate the most intimate parts of your life and exploit whatever they can find—whether to sell you something, to radicalize your views, or worse. “That’s unacceptable. And the solution has to start with not collecting the data in the first place.”

Apple has also apparently introduced a new button on the App Store that lets users flag up rogue or scam apps. This comes as a button on the App Store listing , but this isn’t yet widely available.

Please follow me on  Twitter , or join me in the  AppleHolic’s bar & grill  and  Apple Discussions  groups on MeWe.

Tags: Apple iCloud security

Jonny Evans

Watching Apple since 1999. I don't say what they should do. I say what they might do. They sometimes do.

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Apple now protects iCloud Safari bookmarks with end-to-end encryption

Apple has expanded the iCloud end-to-end encryption to Safari bookmarks. Now, no one can access users’ bookmarks saved on its browser along with history and tabs. iCloud is Apple’s cloud storage service that secures users’ data via end-to-end encryption for many services which can only be accessed when the account holders sign in with their Apple ID. Users’ iCloud data stored on Amazon and Google cloud platforms is also protected by end-to-end encryption.

Apple expands end-to-end encryption to iCloud Safari bookmarks along with history and tabs

Apple’s updated ‘iCloud security overview’ support page , lists Safari bookmarks as end-to-end encrypted. Bookmarks on web browsers are an easy way to access frequently visited websites quickly and with iCloud support, users can access their Safari bookmarks across devices.

Safari uses iCloud to keep your bookmarks the same on your iPhone, iPad, iPod touch and Mac computers that have Safari turned on in iCloud preferences. With iCloud, your bookmarks and Reading List are archived automatically, and you can restore them from an earlier version at any time.

Other iCloud services protected by end-to-end encryption are Apple Card transactions, Home data, Keychain, Maps favorites/collections and search history, Memoji, payment info, QuickType keyboard learned vocabulary, screen time, Siri information, WiFi passwords, and W1 and H1 Bluetooth keys.

End-to-end encryption requires two-factor authentication for users’ Apple ID and a passcode on their devices. It must be kept in mind that only users can access certain information which can not be accessed if the user forgets the passcode.

If you forget your password or device passcode, iCloud Data Recovery Service can help you decrypt your data so you can regain access to your photos, notes, documents, device backups, and more. Data types that are protected by end-to-end encryption—such as your Keychain, Messages, Screen Time, and Health data—are not accessible via iCloud Data Recovery Service.

The latest iOS 15 update brings new features to Apple’s browser like the bottom tab bar, customizable start page, web extensions , voice search, and more.

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Your Safari Bookmarks In iCloud Are Now End-To-End Encrypted

Now it seems that Apple has given its users a bit of a security upgrade. In a post on Reddit , it seems that users have noticed some changes made to Apple’s iCloud security page where it mentions that Safari bookmarks in iCloud are end-to-end encrypted. Previously, only history and tabs data were encrypted, but it looks like bookmarks are encrypted too.

While we’re not sure how many of us would need our bookmarks encrypted at this level, it’s always a nice privacy feature to have. Bookmarks can sometimes tell you about a person, their habits, and preferences, so encrypting it means that someone trying to hack your accounts or steal information from you will have less information than they did before.

The website does not mention which particular version of iOS you will need to have in order to take advantage of this new security and privacy feature, but hopefully it will be available across iOS versions, not just the latest version which is currently iOS 15.

Filed in Apple > General . Read more about Icloud , Safari and Security . Source: macrumors

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Why You Should Enable Apple’s New Security Feature in iOS 16.2 Right Now

By Thorin Klosowski

Apple just rolled out iOS 16.2, a software update that includes a key new feature called Advanced Data Protection for iCloud . That means you can finally enable end-to-end encryption for your iCloud backups so no one but you—not even Apple—can access your iCloud data.

The fact that iCloud backups haven’t offered the option of end-to-end encryption until now has long been a point of controversy . iCloud backups of the Messages app were of particular concern because Apple could still hand over certain types of data within the backups to law enforcement . In particular, although conversations in Messages (along with other more personal data types, like the data stored in the Health app) were end-to-end encrypted, backups of those conversations were not. That meant police could subpoena those backups and gain access to texts. A couple of years ago, Reuter's reported that Apple had dropped a plan to encrypt backups after the FBI complained about it. But now that the feature is here, everyone should turn it on. Here’s why.

Encryption is a mathematical process that jumbles data in a way that makes it unreadable without a key. End-to-end encryption ensures that only you control that key. This protection allows for private communication between a sender and a receiver—in this case, you’re both—such that third parties can’t access the data. Once you enable Advanced Data Protection, not even Apple will have the key to decrypt your data—and therefore it will have no way to help you regain access if you lose it. End-to-end encryption is common in secure messaging apps like Signal , as well as in software that stores sensitive data, such as password managers .

Many people enable iCloud backups because their iPhone bothers them repeatedly to do so, and perhaps they haven’t thought through the implications. Prior to today, storing a complete backup of your device, including your private photos and files, on a server—where someone other than you has access to it—has meant entering a data-privacy minefield. Someone gaining access to that account, through a data breach or by other means, would have access to anything stored there. And the problem hasn’t been limited to iCloud: Startlingly few cloud storage companies, in fact, offer end-to-end encryption.

But now, if you own one or more Apple devices, you can now make sure that your backups, photo libraries, and iCloud Drive file are end-to-end encrypted.

How to turn on Advanced Data Protection

Advanced Data Protection is rolling out as part of the iOS 16.2 over-the-air software update in the US today. Other parts of the world will receive Advanced Data Protection in early 2023. Follow these steps:

• Turn on two-factor authentication for your Apple ID if you haven’t done so already.
• Update all your Apple devices to iOS 16.2, iPadOS 16.2, macOS 13.1, tvOS 16.2, watchOS 9.2, or newer. If your devices are older and don’t support the latest versions of Apple’s operating systems, you’ll have to remove them from your Apple ID in order to enable Advanced Data Protection. That means you won’t be able to log into your Apple account on that older device, in which case, you should probably not enable Advanced Data Protection until you upgrade to a newer Apple device.
• Designate a recovery contact , a trusted person from your contacts list who also owns an Apple device and whom you can easily reach out to in case you get locked out of your account. If you choose this method, you’ll send the recovery contact a message with a link that they will need to tap or click to accept. They’ll now have the key to help you unlock your account, but they won’t be able to unlock it on their own.
• Set up a recovery key , a 28-character key that you can use to access your account in case you are locked out. Apple has no way to recover this key for you, so it’s important that you save it somewhere safe. If you choose this method, you’ll need to verify the key before you enable it, so write it down.
• Head back to Settings > [Your name] > iCloud > Advanced Data Protection , tap Turn on Advanced Data Protection, and then follow the on-screen prompts. Here, you need to confirm your recovery contact or enter your recovery key one more time, followed by your device’s passcode. If you have any older devices that cannot be updated, you can remove them from the list at this point.

Aside from not being able to ask Apple to help you access your data, if you regularly access data or files from iCloud.com, web access is disabled by default when Advanced Data Protection is enabled. That means you can’t access anything there—however, you can hop into Settings > [Your name] > iCloud and tap Access iCloud Data on the Web to temporarily turn on access when you need it.

Enabling the new security feature is relatively simple, though it’s important to note that if you choose the recovery key option, you must secure your encryption key and make sure to store it somewhere safe. If you choose a recovery contact, make sure to stay in touch with that person. Otherwise, if you lose your device, your data could be completely gone.

What data gets protected (and what doesn’t)

Until this update, Apple provided end-to-end encryption for some of the most sensitive data stored in iCloud backups by default, including passwords, health data, and payment information. If you don’t turn on Advanced Data Protection, here are the data categories that are end-to-end encrypted by default, according to Apple’s list:

• Passwords and Keychain
• Health data
• Messages in iCloud (but not iCloud backups)
• Payment information
• Apple Card transactions
• Apple Maps (details such as favorites and search history)
• QuickType Keyboard learned vocabulary
• Safari (details such as history, tab groups, and iCloud tabs)
• Screen Time
• Siri information (details such as settings and personalization)
• Wi-Fi passwords
• W1 and H1 Bluetooth keys

When you turn on the feature, nine more data categories are end-to-end encrypted:

• iCloud backup
• iCloud Drive
• Photos, including photos in a Shared Library , if everyone in the Shared Library has Advanced Data Protection enabled
• Safari Bookmarks
• Siri Shortcuts
• Voice Memos
• Wallet passes

Some data stored in iCloud still isn’t encrypted, notably iCloud Mail and some third-party data, because doing so would break certain functions. The affected categories are as follows:

• iCloud Mail
• Photos stored in Shared Albums and any file shared with “Anyone with a link”
• Any document shared for iWork collaboration
• Any third-party app data that doesn’t employ its own end-to-end encryption (though if the backups of those apps are stored in iCloud Backup, they will be end-to-end encrypted, and if an app stores data in iCloud Drive, it should be end-to-end encrypted, as well)
• Some metadata and usage information ( details such as the names of your devices, the sizes of files, and more, which is notable because recent reports suggest that Apple isn’t entirely transparent about the data it collects )

If you use any collaboration features for Files or Notes, end-to-end encryption is enabled only when you and all other parties have Advanced Data Protection enabled. So, if you are collaborating through a shared Notes or Reminder item and want that data secured with end-to-end encryption, make certain your collaborators enable the feature, too.

Setting up Advanced Data Protection is an important step, but it’s not the end of the story. In addition to the various steps everyone needs to take to secure themselves online, be sure to take a few fundamental steps to secure your phone , such as using a strong passcode.

This article was edited by Caitlin McGarry.

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Thorin Klosowski

Thorin Klosowski is the former editor of privacy and security topics at Wirecutter. He has been writing about technology for over a decade, with an emphasis on learning by doing—which is to say, breaking things as often as possible to see how they work. For better or worse, he applies that same DIY approach to his reporting.

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Safari bookmarks aren't end-to-end encrypted despite Apple saying they were

What you need to know

• Apple updated a support document recently to suggest that its Safari browser bookmarks are end-to-end encrypted, but that isn't the case.
• The same support document has now been updated again — removing mention of end-to-end encryption.

Last week Apple updated a support document to note that its Safari bookmarks were end-to-end (E2E) encrypted. Now it's updated the same document to say that no, actually, that isn't the case at all.

First reported by AppleInsider , the update means that Safari bookmarks are now simply listed as being encrypted "in transit and on server." While that's still encryption, it isn't quite the same level of encryption as we might have hoped.

Here's how Apple explains E2E encryption on its devices.

End-to-end encryption provides the highest level of data security. On each of your devices, the data that you store in iCloud and that's associated with your Apple ID is protected with a key derived from information unique to that device, combined with your device passcode which only you know. No one else, not even Apple, can access end-to-end encrypted information.

Whether this makes any tangible difference to most people is a matter for debate — the new iOS 15 Safari will make more difference to most — but it's absolutely something worth noting. Safari is undoubtedly the best Mac and best iPhone browser around, but it isn't yet clear why Apple updated the support document in the first place. Is this a change that is coming, but isn't ready, or should we not expect E2E encrypted bookmarks at all?

I've reached out to Apple for comment on the encryption situation and will update this post if and when it responds.

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Oliver Haslam has written about Apple and the wider technology business for more than a decade with bylines on How-To Geek, PC Mag, iDownloadBlog, and many more. He has also been published in print for Macworld, including cover stories. At iMore, Oliver is involved in daily news coverage and, not being short of opinions, has been known to 'explain' those thoughts in more detail, too. Having grown up using PCs and spending far too much money on graphics card and flashy RAM, Oliver switched to the Mac with a G5 iMac and hasn't looked back. Since then he's seen the growth of the smartphone world, backed by iPhone, and new product categories come and go. Current expertise includes iOS, macOS, streaming services, and pretty much anything that has a battery or plugs into a wall. Oliver also covers mobile gaming for iMore, with Apple Arcade a particular focus. He's been gaming since the Atari 2600 days and still struggles to comprehend the fact he can play console quality titles on his pocket computer.

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Safari bookmarks are now end-to-end encrypted between Mac and iPhone

Security first of all. One of the premises that Apple has marked by fire and that it tries to take to the last extremes. Ensure the security and privacy of the information of a user that resides on a device with the logo of the bitten apple.

It has now been discovered that the markers of Safari , which we share between our different devices, are end-to-end encrypted between them, without the possibility of being intercepted. Without a doubt, a new example of the company’s obsession with the safety of its users.

On the famous Reddit forum website, a new discovery about the security of Apple devices has just been published. Since the update to iOS 15, the transfer between a Mac, an iPhone or an iPad of the Safari bookmarks of the same owner, is done end-to-end encryption .

Until now, only Safari history and iCloud tabs were encrypted. After the iOS 15 update, Apple’s browser bookmarks are also encrypted, including ios and macOS .

On the security overview page of iCloud , Apple confirms that Safari bookmarks join Apple card transactions, health data, home data, keychain, Maps favorites, Memojis, iCloud messages, payment information, QuickType Keyboard learned vocabulary and more important data by End-to-end encryption handover between devices.

According to Apple, there are still some features that are currently not encrypted end-to-end, such as backups, calendars, contacts, iCloud Drive, notes, photos, reminders, Siri shortcuts, voice memos, and Wallet passes.

It is to be expected that over time they will be added to the list of data that is transferred encrypted between the different devices of the same owner. As a novelty, markers of Safari.

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Apple drops new Safari bookmark end-to-end encryption

Safari no longer protects bookmarks with end-to-end encryption, if it ever did

In early October 2021, Apple's support documentation was updated to show that Safari bookmarks had been updated to have the same end-to-end encryption as, for example, Apple Card transactions, and even Memoji. Now, however, the same documentation has removed this, and bookmarks are again listed as encrypted only "in transit & on server."

Neither change was actually announced by Apple. So it is possible that the documentation was updated in error, and that error has now been corrected.

End-to-end encryption would have improved security as iCloud synced bookmarks between a user's device. Apple's own documentation describes end-to-end encryption as providing "the highest level of data security."

Apple, and all big technology companies, have consistently been under pressure to drop end-to-end encryption entirely, and allow governments and law enforcement access to all data.

12 Comments

Based on somewhat recent events I'm nearly convinced there's some intense behind-the-scene pressure from various agencies around the world that is leading Apple to compromise privacy plans, while another big tech is forging ahead anyway and paying the consequences in antitrust actions on two continents. 

gatorguy said: Based on somewhat recent events I'm nearly convinced there's some intense behind-the-scene pressure from various agencies around the world that is leading Apple to compromise privacy plans, whole another big tech is forging ahead anyway and paying the consequences in antitrust actions on two continents.  Yeah, let’s all switch to Android/Chrome so we can be safe. Coffee snorted out of my nose when I read your b.s. post

lkrupp said: gatorguy said: Based on somewhat recent events I'm nearly convinced there's some intense behind-the-scene pressure from various agencies around the world that is leading Apple to compromise privacy plans, whole another big tech is forging ahead anyway and paying the consequences in antitrust actions on two continents. 

Now that you've had time to clear your nostrils and head, I'll pose the easiest question to you first: What would be your explanation for Apple dropping plans to E2EE your iCloud account while Google does so anyway despite possible repercussions? Yeah, it requires an actual thought process from you rather than *snort, LOLZ*.

Except that Chrome let you encrypt Chrome sync data with an separate passphrase. It is embarrassing that Apple is dropping this feature.

Might be a simple case of documentation being completed before the feature was rolled out. There’s also the question of how older versions of iOS and macOS would handle that in a compatible way. E2E would presumably require some protocol changes, and while Safari on macOS can be updated independently from the OS, i(Pad)OS can’t do that for baked in apps. So this may have to wait until the adoption of iOS 15 is high enough, and then be announced as a feature available only to users who have all their devices up to date…

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Monday, October 4 , 2021

Safari Bookmarks [Not Actually] End-To-End Encrypted

Sami Fathi :

Spotted on Reddit , an update to Apple’s “ iCloud security overview ” page has indicated that alongside Safari tabs and history, Safari bookmarks are now end-to-end encrypted, meaning no one, not even Apple, can access users’ saved Safari bookmarks.

It’s not clear to me when the history became end-to-end encrypted. I’ve heard that this was mentioned at WWDC 2019 for iOS 13 and macOS Catalina. Apple’s iCloud Security Overview also now says iOS 13, but it wasn’t updated to say that until March 2020 , long after iOS 13 shipped.

Previously:

• Safari 15 for Mac
• Apple Dropped Plans for End-to-End Encrypted iCloud Backups After FBI Objected
• Apple’s New Privacy Page
• Requesting Your Personal Data From Apple
• Keeping Your Safari Data Private
• iCloud Bookmark Syncing

Update (2021-10-15): Reddit :

They updated the site again to say that bookmarks are not E2EE.

And it doesn’t say anything about Safari Reader. This privacy documentation is a disaster.

Bookmarks iCloud iOS iOS 15 Mac macOS 11.0 Big Sur macOS 12 Monterey Privacy Safari

2 Comments RSS · Twitter

Oh great. And just when I had intended to use iCloud to store them all temporarily prior to resetting my iCloud Keychain.

Oh, well. Forewarned is forearmed, and all that. I'll just have to collect them all up from my device tabs, export them, and store the resulting file in iCloud Drive, thereby utterly defeating this.

Apple has updated its support page to indicate that Safari bookmarks are not actually end-to-end encrypted, and instead just protected using a standard "minimum of 128-bit AES encryption." While bookmarks remain not end-to-end encrypted, Safai Tab Groups now are.

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT202303

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We’re committed to protecting your data..

Our products and features include innovative privacy technologies and techniques designed to minimize how much of your data we — or anyone else — can access. And powerful security features help prevent anyone except you from being able to access your information. We are constantly working on new ways to keep your personal information safe.

Safari is a browser that includes state-of-the-art features to help protect your privacy, defending you against cross-site tracking and minimizing the data passed to third parties. And Private Browsing adds even more protections, such as locking your windows when you’re not using them.

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Intelligent Tracking Prevention

You may have noticed that when you look at something to buy online, you suddenly start seeing it everywhere else you go on the web. This happens when a third party tracks cookies and other website data to show you ads across various websites.

Intelligent Tracking Prevention uses the latest in machine learning and on-device intelligence to fight this cross-site tracking. It hides your IP address from trackers so what you look at on the web remains your business — not an advertiser’s. And you don’t have to change any settings for these protections because Intelligent Tracking Prevention is on by default.

Privacy Report

Your Privacy Report shows you all the cross-site trackers that are being blocked by Intelligent Tracking Prevention in Safari. You can access your report from the Safari toolbar and the Safari start page.

Password monitoring

Safari checks to see whether your saved Keychain passwords have been compromised in data breaches. It uses secure and private cryptographic techniques to regularly check derivations of your passwords against a publicly available list of breached passwords. If Safari identifies a potentially compromised password, your device will notify you. Your password information is never revealed as part of this process — not even to Apple.

Social widget tracking prevention

Social widgets embedded on websites, such as like buttons, share buttons, and comment fields, can be used to track you even if you don’t click them or use them. Safari blocks this tracking by default, and it prevents social widgets from accessing your identity unless you grant them permission.

Fingerprinting defense

Safari works to prevent advertisers and websites from using the unique combination of characteristics of your device to create a “fingerprint” to track you. These characteristics include the device and browser configuration, and fonts and plug-ins you have installed. To combat fingerprinting, Safari presents a simplified version of the system configuration so more devices look identical to trackers, making it harder to single yours out. This protection is on by default, so there are no extra steps for you to take.

Private Browsing

When you turn on Private Browsing, Safari won’t add the sites you visit to your history, remember your searches, or save any information from forms you fill out online — and advanced tracking and fingerprinting protections go even further to help prevent websites from tracking or identifying your device. Known trackers are completely prevented from loading on pages, and link tracking protection removes tracking added to URLs as you browse. Content blocker support is designed so that it can’t send developers information about what you’re looking at. And private browsing windows automatically lock — requiring your device password to be unlocked — when you’re not using them.

With the Smart Search field in Safari, you can type website names, web addresses, and search queries all in one place. Safari minimizes the amount of data sent to third-party search engines — for example, it won’t share cookies or your precise location, which may happen if you search by other means. Safari also offers the option to set DuckDuckGo as your default search engine, allowing you to search the web without being tracked.

Extension controls

Browser extensions can help you do many things, like saving money on purchases or improving your grammar. However, they can also be used to track you, taking note of what you browse and even what you type. With Safari extension controls, you can grant extensions access to your information just for one day, just for this current website, or always.

Personalized features are created using data on your device. And data that is sent from your device to the Maps service is associated with random identifiers so Apple doesn’t have a profile of your movements and searches.

Personalization

Many helpful features, like finding your parked car, are created using data on your device. This helps minimize the amount of data sent to Apple servers.

End-to-end encryption

Maps keeps your personal data in sync across all your devices using end‑to-end encryption. Your Significant Locations and collections are encrypted end‑to‑end so Apple cannot read them. And when you share your ETA with other Maps users, Apple can’t see your location.

Random identifiers

There is no sign-in when you start using Maps. The data that Maps collects while you use the app — like search terms, navigation routing, and traffic information — is associated with random identifiers, not your Apple ID. These identifiers reset themselves as you use the app to ensure the best possible experience and to improve Maps. When you share ratings or photos with Maps, the information that you share is associated with your Apple ID.

Location fuzzing

Maps goes even further to obscure your location on Apple servers when you search using a process called “fuzzing.” Because your location can give away your identity, Maps converts the precise location where your search originated to a less-exact one within 24 hours. Apple doesn’t retain a history of what you’ve searched for or where you’ve been.

Maps extensions

Maps extensions that are used in ride-booking and reservation apps run in their own sandboxes and share permissions with their parent apps. For ride-booking apps, Maps shares only your starting point and destination with the extension. And when you reserve a table at a restaurant, the extension knows only the point of interest you tapped.

Face recognition and scene and object detection are done completely on your device rather than in the cloud. This allows Apple to provide you with these advanced features without accessing your photos. And apps can access your photos only with your permission.

Lock Hidden and Recently Deleted albums in Photos

The Hidden and Recently Deleted albums in Photos are locked by default. You can unlock them using your device’s authentication method — Face ID, Touch ID, or your passcode.

Memories and Sharing Suggestions

The Memories and Sharing Suggestions features in the Photos app use on-device intelligence to analyze your photos and organize them by faces, places, and more to help you find them easily. Because this all happens on your device, Apple can provide you with these advanced features without accessing your photos.

iCloud Photos

If you choose to back up your photo library to iCloud Photos, Apple protects your photos on our servers with encryption. Photo data, like location or albums organized by places, can be shared between your devices with iCloud Photos enabled. And if you choose to turn off iCloud Photos, you’ll still be able to use on-device analysis.

Sharing controls

macOS, iOS, and iPadOS let you decide if you want to include the photo’s location, edit history, and depth data when you share a photo — whether you’re sharing it with a friend or with an app.

Third-party app permissions

Photo pickers help you select which photos to share with an app while keeping the rest of your library private. When apps ask for your entire photo library, you’ll be able to see how many photos and videos they can access and a sample of what they can use and share. You’ll also receive occasional reminders so you can check what you’re sharing — and make changes if you like.

If an app requests access to your photos, you can choose which images you’d like to share without granting access to your entire library. Or if an app wants to add a photo to your library, you can allow it to do so without accessing your photos. You can also choose to grant an app general access to your photos.

FaceTime, Messages, and More

Your iMessage and FaceTime conversations are encrypted end-to-end, so they can’t be read while they’re sent between devices. Mail helps hide your activity from unwanted senders.

Mail Privacy Protection helps protect your privacy from prying email senders. It hides your IP address so senders can’t create a profile with your other online activity or see where you are, and they can’t tell if you’ve opened their email.

End-to-end encryption protects your iMessage and FaceTime conversations across all your devices. With watchOS, iOS, and iPadOS, your messages are encrypted on your device so they can’t be accessed without your passcode. iMessage and FaceTime are designed so that there’s no way for Apple to read your messages when they’re in transit between devices. You can choose to automatically delete your messages from your device after 30 days or a year or keep them on your device indefinitely.

Apple doesn’t store your FaceTime and Group FaceTime calls on our servers. And during transit, these calls are protected with end‑to‑end encryption. Anyone can now join you in one-on-one and Group FaceTime calls from their browsers instantly with the same privacy protections. No Apple device or login required.

And starting with iOS 15, iPadOS 15, and macOS Monterey, you can send friends and family a link to connect on FaceTime — even if they’re using Windows or Android. 1 It’s still end-to-end encrypted, so your call is as private and secure as any other FaceTime call.

Live Voicemail

When someone leaves a phone message, Live Voicemail shows a live transcription as soon as the caller starts to speak. When Silence Unknown Callers is turned on, calls from unknown numbers will go directly to Live Voicemail without ringing. Calls identified as spam by carriers won’t appear as Live Voicemail, and will instead be instantly declined. Thanks to the power of the Neural Engine, Live Voicemail processing occurs entirely on your device, and isn’t shared with Apple.

NameDrop is a feature in AirDrop that lets you hold your iPhone near another iPhone to share contact information with only your intended recipients. You can also choose the specific contact information you want to share — and just as important, which information you don’t want to share.

iMessage apps

iMessage apps — which let you share stickers, songs, and more without leaving Messages — do not have access to participants’ actual contact information or conversations. iOS and iPadOS provide each app with a random identifier for each participant, which is reset when the app is uninstalled.

Link Tracking Protection

When you share links in Messages, the extra information that some websites add to their URLs will be removed to prevent them from tracking you or the person you shared the link with.

iCloud Backup

iMessage and SMS messages are backed up on iCloud for your convenience, but you can turn iCloud Backup off whenever you want. And Apple never stores the content of FaceTime calls on any servers.

SharePlay allows you to share experiences from Apple or third-party apps in FaceTime calls. The content that apps exchange over SharePlay is end-to-end encrypted, just like other FaceTime calls.

Siri is designed to do as much learning as possible offline, right on your device. Searches and requests are associated with a random identifier — a long string of letters and numbers — not your Apple ID.

On-device suggestions

When you ask Siri to read or search for information on your device, such as in Messages and Notes, and when Siri provides suggestions, like through widgets and Siri Search, all your personal information is kept on your device rather than being sent to Apple servers. Siri Suggestions in the QuickType keyboard are made possible by an Apple-developed neural network language process that also runs directly on your device.

Although Apple attempts to do as much as possible on your device, when you use certain features — like making a voice request to Siri or searching in Spotlight or Safari — real-time input is needed from Apple servers. When we do send information to a server, we protect your privacy by using random identifiers, not your Apple ID. Information like your location may be sent to Apple to improve the accuracy of responses, and we allow you to disable Location Services at any time.

On-device processing

The audio of your requests is processed entirely on your device unless you choose to share it with Apple. The Apple Neural Engine enables speech recognition models with the same high quality as server-based speech recognition. 2

Siri and Dictation

The longer you use Siri and Dictation, the better they understand you and improve. To help Siri and Dictation recognize your pronunciation and provide better responses, certain information such as names of your contacts or music, books, and podcasts you enjoy is sent to Apple servers using encrypted protocols. Siri and Dictation do not associate this information with your Apple ID, but rather with a random, device-generated identifier. You can reset that identifier at any time by turning Siri and Dictation off and back on, effectively restarting your relationship with them. When you turn Siri and Dictation off, your Siri data associated with the Siri identifier is deleted. The learning process starts over when you turn Siri back on. On-device dictation helps protect your privacy further by performing all processing completely offline.

Improving Siri and Dictation

By default, Apple does not retain audio recordings of Siri and Dictation interactions. Computer-generated transcripts are used to improve Siri and Dictation. You can opt in to help Siri improve by allowing Apple to store and review audio of your Siri and Dictation interactions, and you can opt out at any time. These audio samples are associated with a random identifier instead of your Apple ID. In addition, you can delete all the Siri and Dictation requests, including audio recordings and computer-generated transcripts, associated with the random identifier from Apple’s servers at any time. Note that requests more than six months old and the small sample of requests that have been reviewed may not be deleted, as they are no longer associated with the random identifier.

Suggestions in Spotlight and Safari

When you use Safari or Spotlight in iOS, iPadOS, or macOS, your searches are sent to Apple servers along with contextual information like your location or actions taken in the search session to provide you with the most relevant suggestions. This information is associated with a random identifier, not your Apple ID, so that searches and locations are not connected to you personally. For suggestions in Spotlight and Safari, a new random identifier is generated every 15 minutes, and your precise location is never shared with the server. Instead, an approximate location from your device is sent using location fuzzing. You can choose to disable suggestions in Spotlight and Safari. If you choose to disable location-based suggestions, Apple will still use your IP address to determine a general location to make suggestions more relevant.

Wallet helps keep your ID cards, keys, credit and debit cards, transit cards, boarding passes, tickets, and more secure.

Adding cards

When you add a credit, debit, prepaid, or transit card (where available) to Apple Pay, information that you enter on your device is encrypted and sent to Apple servers. Apple decrypts the data, determines your card’s payment network, and reencrypts the data with a key that only your payment network (or any providers authorized by your card issuer for provisioning and token services) can unlock.

After your card is approved, your bank, your bank’s authorized service provider, or your card issuer creates a device-specific Device Account Number, encrypts it, and sends it along with other data to Apple. The Device Account Number can’t be decrypted by Apple and is stored in the Secure Element on your device.

Keys and ID

Corporate passes and home, hotel, and car keys can all be added to one convenient location in Wallet. You can add your driver’s license or state ID to Wallet on your iPhone and a paired Apple Watch and present it securely at TSA checkpoints. Your passes, keys, and ID are protected and stored in the Secure Element on your device, just like your cards. 3

Apple doesn’t know what you buy, including where you bought it or for how much, when you pay with a credit or debit card.

Unique Device Account Number

When you add a credit, debit, or prepaid card to Apple Pay through the Wallet app, your device securely sends your card information, along with other information about your account and device, to your card issuer. Your actual card numbers are never stored on the device or on Apple servers. Instead, a unique Device Account Number is created, which is encrypted in a way that Apple can’t decrypt, and stored in the Secure Element on your device. The Device Account Number in the Secure Element is walled off from your operating system and is not stored on Apple Pay servers or backed up to iCloud. Your Apple Pay purchase history is yours, and isn’t used by Apple to serve you ads.

In-store merchant transactions

In stores, payments are processed by using the Device Account Number and a transaction-specific, dynamic security code. Neither Apple nor your device shares actual credit or debit card numbers with merchants. If you use a rewards card, Apple requires any personally identifiable information — like your email address or phone number — to be encrypted when it’s sent. No rewards information is ever shared without your permission.

In-app and website purchases

When you make payments in an app or on a website, Apple receives your encrypted transaction information and reencrypts it with a developer-specific key before it’s sent to the developer. When you make payments on a Mac with Touch ID or the Touch Bar, the payment is processed in the Secure Element, a certified chip designed to store your payment information safely. On other Mac computers, your Mac and any iOS or iPadOS device signed in to the same iCloud account communicate over an encrypted channel either locally or via Apple servers. Apple requires all apps and websites using Apple Pay to have a privacy policy you can view, so you know how your data is being used.

When you use Apple Cash in apps and on the web, your actual Apple Cash account number isn’t shared with the merchant. And Apple created Apple Payments Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary, to protect your privacy by storing how much you sent, to whom, and your balance separately from the rest of Apple.

The unique security and privacy architecture created for Apple Card prevents Apple from knowing where you shopped, what you bought, or how much you paid.

On-device transaction history

Apple Card provides useful features like your transaction history and spending summaries right in the Wallet app on your iPhone using on-device intelligence. So that data doesn’t need to be sent to Apple servers.

Issuing bank

The issuing bank for Apple Card, Goldman Sachs, will never sell your data to third parties for marketing or advertising.

Apple’s health products are designed to help keep your data secure and protect your privacy. You have control over which information is placed in the Health app and which apps can access your data through it.

Encrypted data

You decide what information is placed in the Health app as well as who can access your data. When your phone is locked with a passcode, Touch ID, or Face ID, all your health and fitness data in the Health app — other than your Medical ID — is encrypted. Any Health data backed up to iCloud is encrypted both in transit and on our servers. And if you use a recent version of watchOS and iOS and turn on two-factor authentication and a passcode, your health and activity data will be backed up in a way that Apple can’t read.

Activity sharing and deletion

You can choose to share your Activity data from your Apple Watch with other users. If you later decide to stop sharing, then the other user’s iPhone will delete historical data stored in the Fitness app. You also have the ability to temporarily hide your activity.

Health sharing

Share your health data with people important to you or those who are caring for you. Choose which data and trends to share, including heart health, activity, labs, vitals, Medical ID, cycle tracking, and more.

HealthKit allows developers to create health and fitness apps that can share data with the Health app or with each other. As a user, you have control over which elements of your HealthKit information are shared with which apps. Apple requires every app in the App Store to provide a privacy policy for you to review, including apps that work with HealthKit. Apps that work with HealthKit are prohibited from using or disclosing HealthKit data to third parties for advertising or other data mining purposes, and apps can only share data for the purpose of improving your health, fitness, or health research with your permission. When you choose to share that data with trusted apps, it goes directly from HealthKit to the third-party app and does not traverse Apple’s network.

ResearchKit and CareKit

ResearchKit and CareKit are open source software frameworks that take advantage of the capabilities of iPhone. ResearchKit enables developers to create apps that let medical researchers gather robust and meaningful data for studies. And CareKit is a platform for developers to create apps that help individuals take a more active role in their own well-being.

With ResearchKit, you choose which studies you want to join, and you control the information you provide to individual research apps. Apps using ResearchKit or CareKit can pull data from the Health app only with your consent. Any apps built using ResearchKit for health-related human subject research must obtain consent from the participants and must provide information about confidentiality rights and the sharing and handling of data.

These apps must also be approved by an independent ethics review board before the study can begin. For certain ResearchKit studies, Apple may be listed as a researcher, receiving data from participants who consent to share their data with researchers, so we can participate with the larger research community in exploring how our technology could improve the way people manage their health. This data is received in a way that does not directly identify the participants to Apple.

Apple Research app

Apple’s research platform makes it simple to bring together researchers with people eager to help advance medical discovery. You can sign up for a study (or studies) right from your iPhone. If you meet the criteria for a given study, then with your consent you can join. Any data collected through the Apple Research app will be encrypted if you have a passcode set on your device. Once shared, the data is stored securely within Apple in a system designed to meet the technical safeguard requirements of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Apple will not have access to any contact information or other data that directly identifies you through the Research app. And you can withdraw from any study at any time, ending any future data collection.

Improve Health & Activity and Improve Wheelchair Mode

Improve Health & Activity and Improve Wheelchair Mode send data from iPhone and Apple Watch to Apple so we can increase the effectiveness of our health and fitness features. This includes data that is shown in the Health, Activity, and Fitness apps, movement measurements, which other fitness apps you have installed, your approximate location, and how long you have been using Apple Watch. The data is not used for any other purpose and does not include personally identifiable information.

Location Services

Location Services privacy controls are a powerful way to manage which apps have access to your location.

App location permissions

Location permissions help you control the location data that you pass to apps using fine-grained controls. You can choose to grant an app access to your location once or anytime you use it.

Approximate location

Starting with iOS 14, iPadOS 14, and watchOS 7, you can choose whether apps can see your approximate location — within an area of about 10 square miles — rather than your exact location. So you can use apps to find nearby restaurants or check the local weather without providing more information than you need to.

Background tracking notifications

Receive notifications when an app is using your location in the background, so you can decide whether to update your permission. Background tracking notifications include a map that shows you the places where an app used your location in the background.

Wi-Fi and Bluetooth location privacy enhancements

Starting in iOS 13 and iPadOS 13, API changes limit the kinds of apps that can see the names of Wi-Fi networks you connect to, which makes it harder for apps to determine your location without your consent. To protect you against apps using Bluetooth to determine your location without your consent, iOS and iPadOS include controls so that an app must ask before accessing Bluetooth for any other purpose than playing audio. And Bluetooth settings allow you to change whether an app has access at any time.

Location controls for shared photos

macOS, iOS, and iPadOS let you decide if you want to include the location when you share a photo, whether you’re sharing it with a friend or with an app.

Sign in with Apple

Sign in to apps and websites quickly and easily without having your activity tracked or profiled by Apple.

Sign in using your Apple ID

Sign in with Apple lets you sign in to apps and websites using the Apple ID you already have. When you use Sign in with Apple, the most information websites and apps can ask for is your name and email address. And Apple won’t track or profile you when you use Sign in with Apple.

Hide your email

If you don’t want to share your email address with a particular app or website, you can choose to hide it. You can also choose to have Apple create a unique email address that forwards to your real address.

Two-factor authentication

Sign in with Apple requires your Apple ID to be protected with two-factor authentication, so that access to accounts in your favorite apps is more secure.

Upgrade to Sign in with Apple

Developers can offer you the option to upgrade existing app accounts using Sign in with Apple. You can quickly and easily sign in to your accounts using Face ID or Touch ID and take advantage of Apple’s two-factor authentication for improved privacy and security, without having to set up a new account.

News and Entertainment

Our news and entertainment services use information about what you read, listen to, and watch to help personalize your experience. But Apple doesn’t build a comprehensive profile of your activity across services.

Random identifier in Apple News

The more news articles you read, the more personalized the Apple News app becomes. Information Apple collects about articles you read is used to improve Apple News. This information is linked to an Apple News–specific identifier and is not linked to other services. You can reset your Apple News identifier at any time by clearing your history in Saved Stories. Recommendations for channels, topics, and content are created on your device. By default, Apple News uses iCloud to sync the channels and topics you follow, your reading history, and your reading preferences across your devices.

On-device suggestions in Apple News

Siri suggests stories, channels, and topics you may like based on on-device information pulled from the apps you use and the websites you visit in Safari. And when you search in Apple News, your query is combined with information about recently used and popular apps on your device to provide you with relevant search results.

Apple News subscriptions

If you buy a third-party subscription in Apple News, you can choose whether to share your personal information with the publisher. If you have enabled notifications for an Apple News channel, Apple stores that information to notify you about breaking events, including from your subscription publications.

Apple Music

Apple Music doesn’t contain advertisements from other companies. To help personalized features like Listen Now, Autoplay, personal mixes, and new release notifications reflect your musical tastes, Apple collects some information about your activity when you play or browse music. This is detailed during setup in “About Apple Music & Privacy.” Apple Music is obligated to share some aggregated data with partners, like record labels, for purposes such as royalty payments to artists, but it only does so with industry‑leading privacy protections.

Apple Music does not share data with partners using any user or device identifiers. And if you don’t want to keep your music collection on our servers, you can opt out of iCloud Music Library. iOS and iPadOS put you in control of which apps can access your Music account and associated details. The opt‑in Apple Music Friends feature lets you share your favorite music — and decide which friends can see the music in your profile. Apple Music only has access to the contacts you choose to add to Apple Music Friends specifically, not your entire contact list.

To offer personalized recommendations and improve your Apple TV experience, Apple collects information about your purchases, downloads, and activity in the Apple TV app, including what you watch on the Apple TV app, connected apps, and your location. You can choose to share what you watch in connected apps to bring all your content together, and you have control over the viewing history used by Apple to provide you with personalized recommendations. You can delete the viewing history Apple holds from connected apps entirely, or choose to delete it app by app.

Apple Arcade

Apple Arcade games do not collect any personal data about you or track any information about how you play without your permission. Games in Apple Arcade contain no in-game advertising and no third‑party tracking.

Every app in the App Store is required to follow strict guidelines on protecting your privacy and to provide a self-reported summary of how it uses your data. And apps must ask for your permission before accessing things like your photos or location.

App guidelines

On the App Store, Apple requires app developers to adhere to specific guidelines designed to protect user privacy and security. Apple also requires them to provide a privacy policy that you can review. When Apple becomes aware of an app that violates our guidelines, the developer must address the issue or the app will be removed from the App Store. Apps go through a review process before becoming available on the App Store.

Privacy Nutrition Labels

Developers are required to self‑report how they are using your data –– such as usage data, contact information, or location –– and whether that data is used to track you. You can view each self-reported Privacy Nutrition Label on the app’s product page on the App Store at any time, including before you choose to download. This is part of ongoing work to increase transparency and control over your data, and Apple will continue to update this feature and work with developers to ensure that users can make informed choices.

App permissions

Once an app is installed on your device, you are prompted for permission the first time it tries to access information such as your location or photos. You can make changes to the permissions you’ve granted. And iOS 11 or later and iPadOS give you the control to provide your location to any app only while you’re using it. Apple also makes sure that there are certain types of data on your device that apps simply can’t access, and that there is no way for an app to ask for complete access to all your data.

When you use an App Clip, developers can only ask for a limited set of data. When an App Clip requires access to your location, camera, or other sensitive data, it will require the same consent as a full app. You can also choose to grant permission to all App Clips. App Clips aren’t allowed to ask your permission to track you across other companies’ apps and websites –– only full apps can do that.

App tracking

An app tracking section in Settings lets you easily see which of your apps have been given permission to track you, so you can change your preferences and disable apps from asking in the future. iOS 14.5 and iPadOS 14.5 or later require developers to get your permission before tracking your activity across other companies’ apps and websites for ads or data brokers.

What you store in iCloud is protected with industry‑leading encryption, privacy, and security. Developers do not have access to your Apple ID.

Data encryption

iCloud secures your information — like photos, contacts, and notes — by encrypting it when it’s in transit, storing it in an encrypted format, and safeguarding your encryption keys in Apple data centers. Both Apple and third‑party data centers may be used to store and process your data. When processing data stored in a third‑party data center, encryption keys are accessed only by Apple software running on secure servers, and only while conducting the necessary processing. For additional security, you can enable Advanced Data Protection, which uses end‑to‑end encryption to ensure that iCloud data in many categories can be decrypted only on your trusted devices, protecting your information even in the case of a data breach in the cloud.

Two-factor authentication is an extra layer of security for your Apple ID. It’s designed to help ensure that you’re the only person who can access your account, even if someone else knows your password. It’s easy to set up and easy to use.

iCloud sharing

With iCloud sharing, the identities of participants are not made available to anyone who has not been invited to and accepted a private share. The names of your shared files and the first and last name associated with your Apple ID are available to anyone who has access to the sharing link, including Apple. In iOS 11 or later, iPadOS, and macOS High Sierra or later, end‑to‑end encryption in iCloud syncs certain types of personal data, such as your Health data, across all your devices in such a way that Apple cannot read or access it.

CloudKit is a way for third-party developers to use iCloud storage in their own apps. CloudKit helps keep your preferences, settings, and app data up to date across your devices. Developers use CloudKit to make it easier for you to use their apps because you don’t have to sign in separately. By default, developers don’t have access to your Apple ID, just a unique identifier. If you give your permission, developers can use your email to let others find you in their app. You’re always in control of these permissions and can turn them on or off at any time. Your data associated with CloudKit isn’t shared with developers unless you choose to share or post publicly.

Account Recovery Contacts

Choose one or more people you trust to become an Account Recovery Contact to help you reset your password and regain access to your account. Apple does not know who your trusted contacts are, only whether you have any.

Digital Legacy program

The Digital Legacy program lets you designate people as Legacy Contacts so they can access your account and personal information in the event of your death. Apple does not know who your Legacy Contacts are, only whether you have any.

iCloud+ includes great features to help protect your privacy when browsing the internet and using email.

Hide My Email

Hide My Email allows you to create unique, random email addresses that forward to your personal inbox so you can send and receive email without having to share your real email address.

iCloud Private Relay

iCloud Private Relay is an internet privacy service that uses an innovative multihop architecture in which users’ requests are sent through two separate internet relays operated by different entities. This way, no single party — including Apple — can view or collect the details of users’ browsing activity. 4

All the rigorous privacy measures built into your iPhone and apps carry over to CarPlay. And iOS privacy updates apply to CarPlay, too.

Data minimization

When you use CarPlay, every app you see is powered from your iPhone rather than by the car. This means that Apple gives only limited metadata to the car to make the experience seamless, and only when that metadata is essential to delivering the service. For example, song information may be shared to display the current song you’re listening to, and the contact or call time for your current call may be displayed on an instrument cluster or head‑up display to help you see helpful information.

Third-party apps

Third-party audio, messaging, voice dialing, and navigation apps work in CarPlay, as well as apps that automakers create for their own cars. Because they run on your iPhone, all the protections that apply to third-party apps in iOS apply to CarPlay, too. And Apple always requires third-party apps to provide a privacy policy for you to review.

The Home app uses encryption to protect the information you transmit to HomePod and all your HomeKit- or Matter-enabled smart home accessories. Apps that use HomeKit or Matter are subject to requirements as part of our developer agreement.

Data related to your home is encrypted and stored in a way that Apple can't read it. It’s also encrypted in transit between your Apple device and the devices you’re controlling in your home, even when you control your accessories from a remote location. Recordings from security cameras that use HomeKit Secure Video are analyzed privately on your Apple devices at home and then sent securely to iCloud through end-to-end encryption.

Location protections

When apps perform automatic actions based on your location, such as turning on house lights, these actions are initiated by the Apple Home ecosystem, which makes your location invisible to the app. You can also disable use of your location at any time.

App protections

Apps that use HomeKit or Matter are restricted by our developer guidelines to using data solely for home configuration or automation services.

Requests made using Siri, including those to control your smart home accessories, are associated with a random identifier — not your Apple ID. So your identity is protected.

HomeKit Secure Video

In iOS 13 and iPadOS 13 or later, HomeKit Secure Video ensures that activity detected by your security cameras is analyzed and encrypted by your Apple devices at home before being securely stored in iCloud.

Apple’s Matter implementation includes innovative privacy and security features designed to put you in control of your smart home experience and to enhance interoperability between apps and ecosystems.

When pairing a new Matter accessory, iOS and iPadOS maintain the highest levels of privacy and security, ensuring that you are always aware of which accessories join your home and that you are in full control of your smart home network. Just as with your location information, contacts, calendar, and photos, apps must request access to add an accessory to your home.

HomeKit-enabled routers

HomeKit-enabled routers let you see and manage your other accessories’ internet traffic, both within your home and through the internet.

Children and Families

Features like Communication Safety, Screen Time, Family Sharing, and Apple-designed education apps help keep kids safe and give parents and teachers control over what children can access and share.

Children’s safety

Communication Safety adds protections for children who may receive or attempt to send photos or videos containing nudity. Parents can manage Communication Safety through their Family Sharing plan.

Content containing nudity will be blurred and the child will be warned, presented with helpful resources, and reassured that it is OK if they do not want to view the photo or video. Similar protections are available if a child attempts to send photos or videos that contain nudity. In both cases, children are given the option to message someone they trust for help. The warnings work across the Messages app, FaceTime video messages, and AirDrop, and when using the Phone app to receive a Contact Poster and the Photos picker to choose content to send.

All image and video processing for Communication Safety occurs on the device, meaning neither Apple nor any third party gets access to the content. Photos and videos are analyzed to determine if they contain nudity. End-to-end encryption is maintained, and no indication of the detection of nudity leaves the device. Apple does not get access to the messages, and no notifications are sent to the parent or anyone else.

Family Sharing

With Family Sharing, parents have visibility into their children’s activity and content on their Apple devices, and children can have their own Apple IDs with the consent of the family organizer. In addition to Communication Safety features that help parents protect children from accessing or sharing content containing nudity, Apple has developed tools such as Ask to Buy. This feature allows parents to approve app downloads or in‑app purchases to give them control over their children’s purchases using their Apple ID.

Screen Time

You can use Screen Time to better understand and make choices about how much time your children spend using apps and websites. Activity Reports give you a detailed look at all their app usage, notifications, and device pickups — and only you, your children, and those you choose to share it with can view this information. You can also set the amount of time your kids can spend each day on specific apps and websites.

Education apps

Apple doesn’t sell student information, and we don’t share it with third parties to use for marketing or advertising. Apple doesn’t collect, use, or disclose student information from Apple School Manager, the Schoolwork app, the Classroom app, iTunes U, or Managed Apple IDs other than to provide relevant educational services. And Apple does not track students or build profiles based on their email or web browsing. Parents can decide if they want their child to participate, and students have access to their own data on their devices.

Student Privacy Pledge

To provide the best privacy protections for students and teachers, all relevant agreements and processes are aligned with the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In addition, Apple has signed the Student Privacy Pledge, further underscoring our commitment to protecting the information students, parents, and teachers share in schools.

Kids apps and the App Store

Apple has guidelines that are designed to protect user privacy and security for all apps. For apps in the Kids category, we require additional safeguards to help protect children’s data and prevent improper advertising. We believe that when parents download an app for their children from the Kids category, they should have visibility into how their children’s device usage may be transmitted and confidence that their children won’t be subjected to inappropriate advertisements.

Privacy protections are built in.

Privacy is a foundational part of the design process. We incorporate these protections throughout Apple products, apps, and services.

At Apple, we believe in collecting only the personal data required to deliver what you need. Whenever possible, Apple processes and analyzes personal data on your device. In instances where specific personal information is necessary, we minimize the amount we use to provide the intended service — like your location when searching in Maps. Apple does not maintain a comprehensive user data profile of your activity across all our products and services to serve you targeted advertising.

On-device intelligence

Apple uses machine learning to enhance your experience — and your privacy — by using on-device processing so other people don’t see your data. We’ve used it for on-device image and scene recognition in Photos, predictive text in keyboards, and more. For example, the A13 Bionic and later chips and the Neural Engine in iPhone can recognize patterns, make predictions, and learn from experience, similar to the way you do. So your device can create personalized experiences without having to analyze personal information on Apple servers. Developers can use our frameworks, such as Create ML and Core ML, to create powerful new app experiences that don’t require your data to leave your device. That means apps can analyze user sentiment, classify scenes, translate text, recognize handwriting, predict text, tag music, and more without putting your privacy at risk.

Transparency and control

When Apple does collect personal data, we’re clear and transparent about it. We make sure you know how your personal information is being used, and how to opt out anytime you like. Data and privacy information screens help you understand how Apple will use your personal information before you sign in or start using new features. We also provide a set of dedicated privacy management tools on our Data and Privacy page. For example, in iOS 14 or later you can choose to grant an app access to just the images you want. And you’ll receive a notification when an app is using your location in the background, so you can decide whether to update your permission.

Protecting your identity

Apple has developed technologies to help obscure your identity when data must go to Apple servers. Sometimes we use random identifiers so your data is not associated with your Apple ID. We have also pioneered using Differential Privacy to understand patterns of behavior while protecting an individual user’s privacy. If you choose to send Apple analytics about your device usage, the collected information does not identify you personally. When it’s collected, personal data is either not logged at all, removed from reports before they’re sent to Apple, or protected by techniques such as Differential Privacy. Techniques like these help us deliver and improve services while protecting your privacy.

Data security

Without security protections, there is no privacy. Every Apple device combines hardware, software, and services designed to work together for maximum security and a transparent user experience. Custom hardware — such as the Secure Enclave in iPhone, iPad, and Mac — powers critical security features like data encryption. Software protections work to help keep the operating system and third-party apps safe. Services provide a mechanism for secure and timely software updates; power a safer app ecosystem, secure communications, and payments; and provide a safer experience on the web. Apple devices help protect not only the device and its data at rest, but the entire ecosystem, including what you do locally, on networks, and with key web services.

Learn more about privacy at Apple.

• Go to privacy overview
• Control what you share
• See how apps from Apple handle your data

Our values lead the way.

Accessibility.

Our built-in accessibility features are designed to work the way you do.

Environment

We’re committed to bringing our net emissions to zero across our entire carbon footprint by 2030.

Racial Equity and Justice Initiative

We’re addressing systemic racism by expanding opportunities for communities of color globally.

We empower students and educators to learn, create, and define their own success.

Supply Chain Innovation

We prioritize providing safe, respectful, and supportive workplaces for everyone.

Inclusion and Diversity

We’re holding ourselves accountable for creating a culture where everyone belongs.

Technology World Made Easy with Us

Safari Bookmarks: Apple decrypts end-to-end encryption for iCloud sync | News

• 3 years ago
• Read Time: 2 minutes
• by Stan Shaw
• Leave a comment

It is said that end-to-end encryption was introduced… In such cases, end-to-end encryption provides the highest level of security. This procedure makes it impossible for third parties and even Apple as the iCloud operator to access the information. Until a few weeks ago, Apple was protecting your browser history and iCloud tabs in the case of Safari, but not synced bookmarks. That apparently changed on September 25: On that day, the Californian company updated its English-language support document “iCloud Security Overview” and added bookmarks to the list of data protected by end-to-end encryption. This version of website It can only be found in the Wayback Machine from the Internet Archive.

… and delete it again for Safari bookmarks After a good two weeks, it looks like end-to-end encryption for Safari’s synced bookmarks is history again – if Apple activates it at all. On October 5th, the California company revised the support document again. in a current version There is no longer any question to secure bookmarks. Instead, in addition to your browser history and iCloud tabs, Apple has added tab groups introduced with iOS 15 to the list of data protected by end-to-end encryption. As before, Safari bookmarks are only encrypted during transmission and on Apple servers.

The reasons for the detour are unknown Apple’s motivation for this turn is not known. Perhaps the inclusion of end-to-end encryption for Safari bookmarks was an oversight, which the company has now corrected. This assumption is reasonable because Apple has not officially announced the change on other channels. It is likely that very few iPhone, iPad and Mac users will regret opting out because the action initially announced in the support document and now deleting it would have greatly increased the level of data protection in some ways.

“Professional food nerd. Internet scholar. Typical bacon buff. Passionate creator.”

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Safari bookmarks now use end-to-end encryption

Apple has enabled end-to-end encryption for Safari bookmarks stored in iCloud , further expanding the type of user data the company fully encrypts. In this way the Cupertino company focuses on offer the highest level of privacy and data protection.

Apple extends end-to-end encryption to Safari bookmarks in iCloud

Spotted on Reddit, an update to the page “ICloud Security Overview” Apple indicated that in addition to Safari’s tabs and history, Safari bookmarks are now end-to-end encrypted . Which means that no one, not even Apple, can access users’ saved Safari bookmarks.

Based on when the page in question was updated, Apple likely made this change with the release of i OS and iPad 15 . Apple did not respond to MacRumors’ request for comment, so we have to rely on assumptions arising from the analysis of Apple’s website. Unfortunately, the Italian page dedicated to iCloud security has yet to be updated. The latest version is from April last year, but Apple will likely update all pages in the coming weeks.

As Safari bookmarks now add to end-to-end encrypted items, it’s worth noting what remains unencrypted end-to-end. THE backup ‌iCloud‌ , for example, they are only protected using 128-bit AES encryption, along with Photos, Reminders, Notes and more . In recent months, Apple has come under pressure to make iCloud Photos and ‌iCloud‌ backups fully end-to-end encrypted, but the company has yet to make those changes.

It is important that Apple switches to end-to-end encryption for these elements as well, certainly much more important to protect than the bookmarks present on Safari. We think, however, that the company has made this update as it is much simpler than iCloud Photos and backups, which it would be working on. All that remains is to wait for news from the Cupertino giant, in the meantime, however, we can enjoy the E2E encryption in Safari bookmarks.

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Safari and end-to-end encrypted messages on Facebook

My MacBook Air is completely updated and uses Safari. I can no longer use messenger on Facebook. Advice?

MacBook Air 13″, macOS 14.1

Posted on Dec 8, 2023 2:17 AM

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Dec 8, 2023 6:38 AM in response to suzanne swanson

Contact its developer for assistance: Contact a third-party vendor - Apple Support

For "Facebook" that would be Meta.