harvard university pyramids of giza virtual tour

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Students wearing 3D glasses take a virtual tour of ancient Egypt in Peter Der Manuelian’s “Pyramid Schemes” class.

Photos by Stephanie Mitchell/Harvard Staff Photographer

Alvin Powell

Harvard Staff Writer

Digital Giza Project lets scholars virtually visit sites in Egypt and beyond, and even print them in 3D

Four thousand years ago, a member of Egypt’s elite was buried on the Giza Plateau in an elaborate stone tomb, complete with several rooms and underground chambers.

Then, in 1912, a team from Harvard University and the Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) in Boston excavated the tomb, of a type called a mastaba , and brought back with them a limestone wall from its chapel.

The wall, housed at the MFA, is inscribed with images of the deceased, an official named Akh-meret-nesut, and his family in various poses — sitting, leaning on a staff, throwing a lasso.

Today, more than a century later, Harvard doctoral student Inês Torres wants to know as much as she can about Akh-meret-nesut: who he was, what he did, and why he was buried on the Giza Plateau in the shadow of the pyramids long after pharaohs’ burials there had ceased.

But Torres faces a problem familiar to many scholars studying ancient Egypt: getting access to what she’s studying. With part of the tomb in Boston and part in Egypt, she’d have to time travel to see it intact. Other scholars may face different hurdles, but the problem is the same: Documents and images are held in faraway archives, artifacts and other relics of ancient Egypt have been dispersed, stolen, or destroyed, and tombs and monuments have been dismantled, weather-worn, or locked away behind passages filled in when an excavation closes.

Hurdles can also be economic: The object of study may be intact, but the plane fare and expenses of living for weeks in the field or lodged in the cities — Cairo, London, Berlin, Paris, Boston — that are home to museums with large Egyptian collections hard to come by.

It was with scholars like these in mind that Digital Giza Project was born.

The project was created in 2000 by Peter Der Manuelian , who at the time was on the curatorial staff at the MFA. A scholar of ancient Egypt, Manuelian said his initial vision was to create a digital record of the work of Harvard’s legendary Egyptology Professor and MFA curator George Reisner and the Harvard-MFA Expedition he led. The expedition was one of the major academic archaeological efforts at Giza and other sites in Egypt during the early 1900s.

Reisner, who led the expedition for more than 40 years, dug at 23 sites, and Manuelian soon realized that just digitizing material relating to the vast finds on the Giza Plateau — which includes not only the pyramids and the Sphinx, but also associated temples, nearby cemeteries, and even a workers’ village — would be a career-long challenge. In 2010, he moved to Harvard to become the Philip J. King Professor of Egyptology and director of the Harvard Semitic Museum , and he brought the Giza Project with him.

The project staff’s ambition has since expanded to include not just Reisner’s work at Giza, but that of other archaeologists at the site as well, making it a comprehensive resource for Giza archaeology. It contains some 77,000 images, 21,000 of them Harvard University-MFA Expedition glass-plate negatives, and 10,000 of Manuelian’s own images. It has published manuscripts as well as unpublished expedition records, dig diaries, object record books, and sketches and drawings made by the archaeologists doing the digging. In January, during Harvard’s winter recess, Manuelian visited Egypt and collected another 5,000 digital images — including panoramic photos — of Giza and related objects in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.

A key feature of the Giza Project is the fact that the material it holds is cross-referenced online, allowing a researcher to seamlessly move from a 3D image of an object to scholarly articles about it to diary pages by the archaeologist who discovered it.

“For people who focus on this particular period, this is the main resource for them to go to,” Manuelian said. “It’s thrown the doors wide open to this material that was previously only in the publications that Reisner lived long enough to finish.”

As the work has advanced, so has technology. Manuelian’s vision has expanded to include 3D re-creations of statues and artifacts that allow researchers to view them online, rotate them, and zoom in on specific features. Looking to the future, he said, 3D models’ source codes could be made available, which would allow distant scholars with access to 3D printers to create their own physical models.

“All of this allows us to ask new questions and to put the data together in ways not possible before and to make intelligent links,” Manuelian said. “If someone gets a grant and decides to go to the MFA and look through their records, good luck. There’s just so much, it’s overwhelming. If you go to Giza today, a tomb may have been reburied or vandalized, or is in not as good shape as it was in 1916. Objects might have gone to the basement of the Cairo museum, never to be seen again.

“With our attempt to put this all together digitally, with diaries and maps and plans and things, it allows you, first of all, convenient access to the data and then you can start to notice patterns.”

The Giza Projects’ 3D modeling extends beyond artifacts to locations. Manuelian’s team has already created video-game-like 3D versions of the entire Giza Plateau, with the Khafre pyramid, the Sphinx, and several temples and tombs posted so far and more to come. Those models can be accessed from the Digital Giza website and toured using controls on a laptop or desktop computer. Other re-creations, using high-resolution photographs of tombs’ interiors, let visitors walk through virtual burial chambers using stereo headsets. Visitors can move around inside the tombs and even walk up to a wall to examine a particular relief or other detail. About 20 tombs have been modeled in detail so far, with hundreds more to go.

“My hope is eventually to fly drones over the site, documenting everything from the air,” Manuelian said. “And complementing that with walks up and down the ‘streets’ [between rows of tombs] creating 360-degree panoramic visualizations, all linked to the more-traditional archaeological data that we have already assembled.”

For someone like Torres, studying a tomb that has one room in Boston and the rest in Egypt, a virtual model is the only way to see the intact structure, so she’s planning on creating one as part of her doctoral work.

“This tomb is divided between two countries,” she said. “3D modeling is the only way we can put it back together again.”

The overarching goal, Manuelian said, is to make scholarship in Egyptology more accessible than ever. And, while digital images may not fully replace the real thing, he said, foundational study can be conducted using the wide array of material presented by the project, allowing scholars to conserve scarce resources for when they’re essential.

The project’s 3D re-creations and data visualizations, together with the capabilities of the Harvard Visualization Center, also allow the Giza Project to give students a unique educational experience. Last fall, Manuelian gathered his students in a tomb in cyber space, using the center’s virtual reality headsets, and linked the class to students in Zhejiang University in China. Students’ avatars gathered at the virtual site — in this case, the Sphinx — with the technology, allowing Manuelian to act as a cyber tour guide.

“The project is all of these diverse approaches,” Manuelian said. “It’s a traditional database and website. It’s the intelligent linking of this photo to that tomb to this diary page. It’s the 3D modeling as we try to build more and more of the necropolis all the time. And it’s ultimately intended to enable the kind of remote teaching — what I call educational telepresence — where we can all be at Giza virtually and visiting the site and having a lecture inside a decorated tomb chapel no matter where you live.”

Torres said there is an irony to studying Giza: It is one of the world’s most famous archaeological sites, but in many ways it is still unknown. While the pyramids and Sphinx are world-famous, and have been for centuries, in their shadow new tombs are still being uncovered, while known tombs, workers’ houses, and other sites are yet to be fully explored and studied.

“Giza is such a well-known site, but in some sense, it’s understudied,” Torres said. “Because the pyramids are so amazing, the things all around them fade.”

With so much work to be done, the access to digitized documents and materials might inspire scholars curious about ancient Egypt but without access to the sites themselves or a major Egyptological library to take up the job.

“I think that’s the way to go forward, to make sure everyone has access,” Torres said. “Possibly there are geniuses who don’t have a great library and could do something wonderful with the information.”

Another graduate student, Hilo Sugita, plans to study the sarcophagi found at Giza. Using the Giza Project’s data, she can examine photographs of inscriptions, find their original locations within tombs, and even create 3D models.

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“We have photographs, journals, glass negatives, letters, artifacts, publications,” Sugita said. “I think the Digital Giza Project is amazing because we’re trying to collect all the data about Giza everywhere and make it available on the website. You don’t have to go to the MFA, you don’t have to travel to Berlin.”

Technology’s advance is not without challenges, however. The digitization of archaeology, Manuelian said, is something like “the Wild West,” with competing file formats and uncertainty about how the growing data troves will be translated into next-generation software.

In addition, standards for what goes into a 3D re-creation are loose. Should a digital model reflect the state of a tomb as it was found, for example, or is it OK to color in reliefs on the walls to match paint residue found there? How far should digital re-creations go in filling in missing details, some of which are backed by scholarship, but others of which are more speculative, driven by knowledge of common practice rather than evidence at that specific site?

Early in the spring term, Manuelian gave students in his Gen Ed “Pyramid Schemes” class, which provides an overview of ancient Egypt, a glimpse of Giza using Giza Project models. The students visited the Harvard Visualization Center’s home on the second floor of the Geological Museum building, which is equipped with a curved floor-to-ceiling screen occupying one full wall and a suite of 3D and virtual reality tools.

He gave them a tour of both the technology — which can depict sites in detail — and the archaeology, showing them three-dimensional re-creations viewed with 3D glasses and letting them walk through a tomb via a virtual-reality headset.

Manuelian also encouraged students to not only soak up the experience, but to think about the challenges inherent in such an approach, where it might further education and scholarship, and what its shortcomings might be. And, with so much work still to do, he also made a pitch.

“This is a project that is waiting for people like you,” he said.

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• Giza @ School
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• Introduction to Giza
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• Archaeology at Giza

Explore the models and tours; you will find links to other models throughout. Or choose from individual tours below. You may also use the arrow keys and WASD to navigate.

Giza Guided Tours

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A Walking Tour of the Giza Plateau

Khafre Pyramid

Khafre Pyramid Temple

Khafre Valley Temple

Khufu Pyramid

Khufu Pyramid Temple

Khufu Valley Temple

Menkaure Pyramid

Menkaure Pyramid Temple

Menkaure Valley Temple

Great Sphinx

Sphinx Temple

Tomb of Queen Hetepheres I

Tomb of Queen Meresankh III

Virtual Tours

The Mastaba Tomb of Queen Mersankh III (G 7530-7540)

The Mastaba Tomb of Khufukhaf (G 7130-7140)

The Mastaba Tomb of Qar (G 7101)

The Mastaba Tomb of Idu (G 7102)

The Mastaba Tomb of Iasen (G 2196)

The Mastaba Tomb of Neferbauptah (G 6010)

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• Tombs & Monuments
• Sphinx Complex
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Giza Project

The Giza Project is non-profit international initiative based at Harvard University. Through digital archaeology, we assemble, curate, and present archaeological records about one of the most famous archaeological sites in the world, the Giza Pyramids and surrounding cemeteries and settlements. The Project manages arguably the world’s largest digital archive of Giza material. We use this data to build immersive 3D model reconstructions and other media as we develop powerful new teaching technologies and research tools.

Digital Giza, is the Project’s online digital repository of all archaeological documentation from  multiple institutions , presented free to all, alongside  Giza 3D , a virtual environment based on some of that documentation. Anyone can easily access real, detailed information about Giza and its archaeological history while also “experiencing” some of it as well!

The Giza Project opened at Harvard in 2011. The small original staff already had a long, proven track record of mastering methods of archaeological information management with the Giza Archives Project of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. From 2000–2011, major support from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation helped this visionary project to realize the goal of digitizing and posting for free online all of the archaeological documentation from the Harvard University—Boston Museum of Fine Arts Expedition to Giza, Egypt (about 1904–1947).

The Giza Project at Harvard expanded this scope beyond just the Harvard–MFA Expedition. By partnering with many other institutions around the world with Giza-related collections, we continue to consolidate as much archival data as possible about this complex site. The massive process of integrating and standardizing all of this information is ongoing. Read more about how the data records are created and organized.

In addition, the Project is developing how this vast quantity of information can contribute to 3D virtual reconstructions of Giza monuments as they may have looked in ancient times. These models provide new ways to engage with Giza, allowing visitors to sightsee, explore, and interact with the Pyramids and their surrounding cemeteries and settlements, all from a computer or other digital device.

To date, the Giza Project has released approximately 20 tombs and monuments in detail, with many hundreds more still to be done.

Through generous support from the National Endowment for the Humanities in several important aspects of our work, we continue to integrate this virtual environment with more than a hundred years of scholarly research about Giza, using cutting-edge technology to study the distant past and preserve knowledge about this important cultural heritage site for the future.

We also continue to explore and develop new ways to experience ancient Giza interactively, including virtual and augmented reality apps, 3D scanning and printing of ancient artifacts, and online teaching initiatives.

THE DIGITAL BRAIN BEHIND DIGITAL GIZA

Digital Giza is more than a simple website. It’s run by a vast database called the  Giza Consolidated Archaeological Reference Database  (GizaCARD). The GizaCARD organizes over 150,000 files and records from the collections and archives of museums, universities, and Egyptian excavation projects from around the world, from the 1800s to current ongoing work.

But the GizaCARD doesn’t just store all of this data and information. It also builds connections: individual Giza monuments, artifacts, documents, and many kinds of media are connected via database records whenever they relate to each other.

The result is a huge “web” of interrelated archival records that enable you to access all the information you need as you explore each record, without having to conduct multiple searches or open lots of different pages.

And since this website pulls from the database in real-time, any information you access here will always reflect the most up-to-date information that The Giza Project has made available.

The wide range of records that the GizaCARD links together for access through the Digital Giza website includes:

• Pyramids, tombs, and monuments
• Giza maps, plans, and architectural drawings
• Excavation photographs
• Archaeologists’ field diary pages from past excavations
• Archaeologists’ notes
• Artifact photographs and illustrations
• Site and monument photographs
• 3D graphic models of Giza monuments and artifacts
• Reference documentation for 3D media
• Interactive Media
• Published books and articles
• Unpublished manuscripts
• Object register books
• Packing lists for artifact transport
• 360-degree panoramas
• Audio recordings
• 2011 – Ongoing
• Harvard: Barajas Dean’s Innovation Fund for Digital Arts and Humanities
• NEH: Digital Humanities Advancement Grants
• Peter der Manuelian Principal Investigator
• Cole Crawford Developer
• Luke Hollis Developer
• Nick Picardo Researcher
• Rashmi Singhal Developer
• Anthropology
• Archimedes Digital
• Arts and Humanities Research Computing (DARTH)

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Giza 3D: Harvard's Journey to Ancient Egypt

Harvard University brings the Giza Plateau to life. Watch to learn more about their Giza 3D project, the Harvard Semitics Museum, and virtual reality technology of the future.

Visit the Great Pyramids of Giza from Home

Generally speaking, traveling sits on the top of most people’s bucket lists. But during the pandemic, many of us haven’t traveled beyond our mailboxes or the grocery store. Trips to the Ghibli Museum and the Eiffel Tower may be off the table for now, but the internet is full of exciting resources that help us see the world from our homes . And even learn a thing or two in the process. Take the Digital Giza Project at Harvard University, for example. From the comfort of our living rooms, we can read about the Great Pyramids of Giza—and even go on 3D tours.

The project, which first opened at Harvard in 2011, purports to have “the largest collection of information, media, and research materials ever assembled about the Pyramids and related sites on Egypt’s Giza Plateau.” (We first heard about it from DesignTAXI . ) Project Giza is a treasure trove of Giza-related materials. It features archival materials, archeological records, and collections from partner institutions all over the world.

But likely the most exciting part is Giza 3D, digital recreations of several sites in the Giza Plateau, including Khufu Pyramid , the Great Sphinx and the Sphinx Temple , Tomb of Queen Meresankh III , to name just a few.

The project created the digital renderings using the archival records. They aim to replicate how the monuments and landmarks would have looked in Ancient Egypt . And, thus far, they’ve completed 20 thus far, although there are still “many hundreds” left to digitize.

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For those who want to dig deeper into the world of ancient Egypt and the Giza Plateau, the project features a library of Giza-focused publications , including books, articles, bulletins, and so much more. Plus, there’s even a section designed for teachers and students. Giza @ School features materials and resources for students learning all about Ancient Egypt and the famous sites at Giza. Now we can visit Giza and dive into Ancient Egypt, even if we’re unable to go in person.

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The Giza Project at Harvard University

• Project Director Peter Der Manuelian
• Location Giza Plateau
• Affiliation Harvard University
• Project Dates 2000-Present

The Giza Project , a non-profit international initiative based at Harvard University, assembles information about all the archaeological activity at the most famous site in the world: the Giza Pyramids and surrounding cemeteries and settlements (third millennium BCE to present). Using digital archaeology, the Project unites diverse documentation to produce powerful online and traditional academic research tools and new teaching technologies. It presents academic information about Giza at all levels of expertise for the world community and strives to provide a model of archaeological information management.

The mission statement above describes a project that began back in 2000 at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, with generous support from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Rather than simply scan all 45,000 glass plate expedition negatives from George Reisner’s Harvard University–Boston Museum of Fine Arts Expedition (1905–1947), we decided instead to focus on “just” the 21,000 Giza photos, but link them intelligently with as much additional metadata as possible. Assembling a team of Egyptologists, PhD candidates, undergraduates, volunteers, and talented and dedicated MFA Museum Associates women, we transcribed expedition diaries, created artifact databases from original object register books, scanned maps, plans, sections, and epigraphic drawings of scenes and inscriptions, and converted scholarly publications into a massive Giza digital library of text-searchable pdf files. Everything fit into its appropriate module in our TMS collections management system, now dubbed “GizaCARD,” and the Project’s first website launched in 2005. Each of the hundreds of Giza tombs surrounding the Pyramids became a central “node” in our system, linked to its appropriate photos, diary pages, object records, drawings, publications, etc.

Since focusing only on the parts of the Giza Necropolis excavated by the HU–MFA Expedition precluded any holistic attempt to study the entire site, we next brought on board all the museums and institutions with a direct archaeological connection to Giza. We have added digital data from Berkeley, Berlin, Cairo, Hildesheim, Leipzig, Philadelphia, Turin, and Vienna in an attempt to build “Giza International,” a sort of centralized repository. We also discovered in Egypt some seventy-four Arabic expedition diaries kept safely all these years by the descendants of George Reisner’s Egyptian foremen. Mellon Foundation funding totaled about $3.4 million and supported us from 2000 to 2010.

Aiming to take our digital data to the next level, we teamed up with French 3D modeling company Dassault Systèmes (Paris and Waltham, MA) and immersive experience and virtual/augmented reality partner Emissive (Paris) to build 3D models of Giza for teaching and research. Breathing new life into old data came in particularly handy in 2010 when the Giza Project moved to Harvard University. Like George Reisner himself (1867–1942), who was also an MFA curator and Harvard professor, the Giza Project was now able to represent both institutions in a collaborative partnership. The work also fed directly into undergraduate and graduate courses taught in Harvard’s customized Visualization Lab classroom.

Supported by a series of NEH grants, the Giza Project at Harvard roughly doubled the number of records online over what had been collected at the MFA. We expanded into “educational telepresence,” building out 3D models, not only for our new Harvard-based website, but for immersive stereo headset use as well. The Project’s outreach expanded as well, and a HarvardX online “Giza Pyramids” course (8 modules, 60 videos) has reached a total enrollment at this writing of 116,639 learners from 160 countries. Some of our work overlapped with the mission of the Harvard Museum of the Ancient Near East, such as the free “Dreaming the Sphinx” augmented reality app for the Thutmose IV Sphinx Stela we launched on the Apple App and Google Play stores.

From 2018 onwards, the Giza Project teamed up with Zhejiang University (ZJU) in Hangzhou. Visiting computer scientist Dr. Changyu Diao joined us for a year, contributing to a wide variety of projects, including back-end web coding, live-streaming our Giza classes to China, and 3D scanning and 3D printing, the last item thanks to several PLA printers generously donated by Sindoh.

Now just over twenty years on, with 152,464 items at present in our “GizaCARD” database and on our website, we have recently been enhancing the website (figure 6), with a IIIF-compliant “Mirador” image viewer; the ability to save and share collections (“MyGiza”); and educational features such as “Giza@School,” including an interactive timeline on Giza archaeological history. Through collaboration with ICONEM we hope to combine drone footage with our own interactive tours and a GIS overlay that will allow for enhanced research as well as edu-tourism. New sourcing documents will explain how we built our 3D structures, while photogrammetry and Sketchfab object models and virtual tours of Giza tomb chapels will enable a host of new scholarship opportunities.

A description of the first decade of the Giza Project was published in 2017 by Harvard University Press . Funding remains an ongoing challenge but with proper support we hope to continue to document the past, present, and future at Giza, one of the world’s most important heritage sites.

• Nicholas Picardo, Project Supervisor and Research Associate
• Luke Hollis, Lead Technical Artist

Project Team Members:

After twenty years, the Giza Project has benefited from the work of almost 1,000 different people. Among those with fundamental contributions are Diane Flores, Catherine Pate, Nicholas Picardo, Rachel Aronin, Jeremy Kisala, Luke Hollis, Rus Gant, David Hopkins, Josh Widdicombe, Changyu Diao, and Harvard Egyptology and archaeology PhD candidates Laura Taronas, Kate Rose, Sara Zaia, Inês Torres, Hilo Sugita, Julia Puglisi, Sergio Alarcón Robledo, Nisha Kumar, and Gaia Bencini. We also thank Rashmi Singhal and Cole Crawford of DARTH, Jeff Steward (HAM), and Henry Perkins and the staff of Harvard’s FAS Research Computing. We also thank volunteers John Thompson, Doug Hall, Erika Kelley, Jenny Cashman, Daniel Leon, and Maarten Praet.

The Giza Project brings together archival holdings from a number of institutions, including:

• The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (USA)
• The Ägyptisches Museum der Universität Leipzig (Germany)
• The Berlin Ägyptisches Museum (Germany)
• The Egyptian Museum, Cairo (Egypt)
• The Grand Egyptian Museum (Egypt)
• The Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna (Austria)
• The Museo Egizio, Turin (Italy)
• The Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University (USA)
• The Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley (USA)
• The Roemer- und Pelizaeus-Museum, Hildesheim (Germany)
• The University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia (USA)
• Ancient Egypt Research Associates

The Giza Project gratefully acknowledges current and past support from the following organizations:

• The National Endowment for the Humanities
• Harvard University
• Mr. Sadek Wahba
• Google for Education
• Dassault Systèmes
• Leon Levy Foundation
• The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
• Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

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Pyramids of Giza: Ancient Egyptian Art and Archaeology

Learn about ancient egypt’s most famous archaeological site.

Join Harvard Professor Peter Der Manuelian in exploring the archaeology, history, art, and hieroglyphs surrounding the famous Egyptian Pyramids at Giza.

What You'll Learn

Where is Giza? How were the Pyramids built? How did the cemeteries and hundreds of decorated tombs around them develop? What was Giza’s contribution to this first great age of ancient Egyptian civilization, the Old Kingdom?

The Giza Plateau and its cemeteries — including the majestic Pyramids and the Great Sphinx — are stirring examples of ancient Egyptian architecture and culture. They provide windows into ancient Egyptian society, but also contain mysteries waiting to be solved. The Egyptian Pyramids at Giza provide an opportunity to explore the history of archaeology and to learn about some of the modern methods shaping the discipline today.

This introductory course will explore the art, archaeology, and history surrounding the Giza Pyramids. We will learn about Egyptian pharaohs and high officials of the Pyramid Age, follow in the footsteps of the great 20th-century expeditions, and discover how cutting-edge digital tools like 3D-modeling are reshaping the discipline of Egyptology.

Join us on this online journey to ancient Egypt’s most famous archaeological site as we uncover the history and significance of Giza, and use new digital techniques to unravel the mysteries of its ancient tombs and temples.

The course will be delivered via edX and connect learners around the world. By the end of the course, participants will understand:

• The history and significance of the Giza Pyramids and surrounding cemeteries
• Who explored the Pyramids and how they documented their discoveries
• The cultural and religious significance of the Giza Pyramids, tombs, and temples
• The role of hieroglyphic inscriptions in the tombs at Giza
• An appreciation for Egyptian art of the Old Kingdom, or Pyramid Age
• How digital technologies allow us to visualize ancient monuments in new ways
• What the future holds for our understanding and experience of Giza

Your Instructor

Peter Der Manuelian received his Ph.D. in Egyptology from the University of Chicago in 1990. In 2009, he was appointed the “Philip J. King Professor of Egyptology” at Harvard University (Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, and Department of Anthropology). This is the first Egyptology chair at Harvard since the time of George Reisner (1867-1942), more than 75 years ago. He is director of the Harvard Semitic Museum, and also directs the Giza Project at Harvard, and the MA Program in Museum Studies at the Harvard Extension School. He joined the curatorial staff at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, in 1987, and was Giza Archives Project Director there from 2000–2011, in addition to teaching at Tufts University for ten years. His primary research interests include ancient Egyptian history, archaeology, digital epigraphy and visualization, the development of mortuary architecture, and the (icono)graphic nature of Egyptian language and culture in general.

Ways to take this course

When you enroll in this course, you will have the option of pursuing a Verified Certificate or Auditing the Course.

A Verified Certificate costs $219 and provides unlimited access to full course materials, activities, tests, and forums. At the end of the course, learners who earn a passing grade can receive a certificate. 

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Visit the Pyramids of Giza Without Even Leaving Your Couch

If going to the Giza Plateau in person is the ultimate way to experience the ancient Pyramids of Giza, Harvard University’s Digital Giza is at least the next best thing.

As Nerdist reports , Digital Giza is an offshoot of Harvard’s Giza Project , an international endeavor to catalog and consolidate archives and information about the Giza Plateau from all over the world. Researchers have used this data to create a digital platform with 3D models, virtual walking tours, and other free interactive resources to help people explore the region from afar.

You can, for example, amble around the largest of the three pyramids, commissioned by King Khufu around 2550 BCE and also known as the Great Pyramid . Not only is it the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, it’s also the only one that still exists (That said, historians aren’t sure that some of them ever existed at all—hard evidence of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and the Colossus of Rhodes, for example, has proven difficult to find.) The other two pyramids that tower over the rest of the plateau are the Pyramid of Khafre and the Pyramid of Menkaure, built by (and named for) Khufu’s son and grandson, respectively.

Digital Giza offers plenty of sites to explore beyond those three edifices. The Great Sphinx , thought to have been built during Khafre’s reign, is also a must-see. While it’s currently the same sandy color as the rest of the plateau, pigment residue suggests that it might’ve once been painted red, blue, yellow, and perhaps other vibrant hues. The platform also has virtual tours of several extravagant tombs, complete with details about the art and sculptures you see inside.

If you’re interested in an immersive (and educational) virtual vacation, you can explore Digital Giza here .

[h/t Nerdist ]

Virtual Travel

A Smithsonian magazine special report

Take a Free Virtual Tour of Five Egyptian Heritage Sites

The sites include the 5,000-year-old tomb of Meresankh III, the Red Monastery and the Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Barquq

Theresa Machemer

Correspondent

Earlier this month, Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities announced the release of five new virtual tours of historic sites, adding to the range of online adventures that you can now embark on from home.

The tours explore the tomb of Meresankh III , the tomb of Menna , the Ben Ezra Synagogue , the Red Monastery and the Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Barquq . Each virtual experience features detailed 3-D imagery through which users can “walk” by clicking hotspots along the structures’ floors.

As James Stewart reports for the Guardian , the tours boast “beefed up” 3-D modeling made by experts with Harvard University’s Giza Project . Unlike their real counterparts, most of which charge a small entry fee, the virtual renderings are free to all.

“The virtual tours target both [international] tourists and Egyptians, a ministry spokesperson tells Al-Monitor ’s Amira Sayed Ahmed. “They serve the double purpose of promoting Egyptian tourism nationwide and increasing Egyptians' awareness of their own civilization.”

Two of the tours—the tombs of Meresankh III and elite Egyptian official Menna —include background information accessible by clicking circles overlaid atop specific features. The former’s tomb, dated to some 5,000 years ago, is the oldest of the Egyptian sites available as a virtual walkthrough. Meresankh, a queen wed to King Khafre, was the daughter of Prince Kawab and Hetepheres II of the fourth dynasty, and the granddaughter of Great Pyramid builder Cheops, also known as Khufu.

Harvard archaeologist George Andrew Reisner discovered the queen’s tomb in 1927. He later stated that “None of us had ever seen anything like it.” Today, the burial place’s paintings and carvings remain well-preserved, showcasing hunters catching water birds, bakers making triangular loaves of bread and servants holding offerings.

In the northern chamber, along the wall furthest from the virtual tour’s starting point, ten statues of women stand shoulder to shoulder—an unusual sight among Gaza tombs. The statues “serve to emphasize Meresankh’s position among her queenly relatives,” the tour explains. Along the path to the 16-foot-deep burial shaft, users pass a pair of statues depicting Meresankh and her mother, Hetepheres II, with their arms around each other.

The path leads down a spiraling staircase into the burial shaft, where Meresankh’s black granite sarcophagus—originally created for her mother but re-engraved upon the queen’s death in 2532 B.C., according to the History Blog —was originally found. The tour includes a reconstructed image of the chamber with the sarcophagus in place, but the actual coffin is now kept at the Egyptian Antiquities Museum in Cairo.

The tomb of Menna, dated to the 18th dynasty (about 1549 B.C to 1292 B.C.), is “one of the most visited and best preserved” from the era, the ministry writes in a statement quoted by Live Science ’s Laura Geggel. The tomb’s decorations suggest the elite official was a scribe in charge of the pharaoh’s fields and the temple of sun god Amun-Re.

Menna’s tomb also includes informational blurbs highlighting such features as paintings of the scribe’s family, including his wife Henuttawy and their five children. Curiously, all of the paintings of Menna have been defaced.

“The ancient Egyptians believed that the soul of a person inhabited paintings of them and destroying the face would ‘deactivate’ the image,” the tour notes. “Why would someone want to destroy the memory of Menna?”

The tomb also served as a point of communication with the dead. It once featured life-size statues of Menna and Henuttawy that family members could make offerings to, ask for favors or visit during festivals.

The other three tours do not offer information blurbs at this time, but they still have plenty of detailed 3-D imagery for virtual visitors to explore. The Red Monastery , a Coptic church in Upper Egypt, features ornate frescoes, while the 14th-century Mosque-Madrassa is known for its immense size and innovative architecture. The Ben Ezra Synagogue in Old Cairo is alleged to be the site where baby Moses was found.

“Experience Egypt from home,” says the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities on Facebook . “Stay home. Stay safe.”

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Theresa Machemer | READ MORE

Theresa Machemer is a freelance writer based in Washington DC. Her work has also appeared in National Geographic and SciShow. Website: tkmach.com

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• Archaeology at Giza

Khufu Pyramid

Khufu pyramid complex.

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Excavation Diary Pages 34

Maps & plans 9, published documents 26, unpublished documents 12, full bibliography.

Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid

• Tomb Owner Khufu
• Excavator (Karl) Richard Lepsius, German, 1810–1884 Giovanni Battista Belzoni, Italian, 1778 –1823 Giovanni Battista Caviglia, Italian, 1770–1845
• Lepsius No Lepsius IV L.IV
• Other No 1 of Giza (Perring and Vyse) Great Pyramid First Pyramid
• Alternate Reisner No G I
• PorterMoss Date Dynasty 4
• Remarks Khufu pyramid includes an enclosure wall.

Architectural fragment

Architectural fragment with cut marks

Fragments of Khufu Pyramid

Mortar from the Great Pyramid

• MMA_17.6.143

Piece of Mokattam limestone

H. Lyman Story Diary, p.063

• Diary page dates 02/25/1915

Vol.08.p.038

• Diary page dates 11/08/1914; 11/09/1914; 11/10/1914

Vol.08.p.040

• Diary page dates 11/11/1914

Vol.08.p.041

• Diary page dates 11/11/1914; 11/12/1914

Vol.08.p.042

• Diary page dates 11/12/1914; 11/13/1914

Vol.08.p.043

• Diary page dates 11/13/1914; 11/14/1914

Vol.08.p.044

• Diary page dates 11/14/1914; 11/15/1914

Vol.08.p.045

• Diary page dates 11/15/1914; 11/16/1914; 11/17/1914

Vol.08.p.046

• Diary page dates 11/17/1914

Vol.09.p.013

• Diary page dates 01/24/1915 through 05/29/1915

Vol.09.p.041

• Diary page dates 11/23/1915; 11/24/1915

Vol.10.p.005

• Diary page dates 12/16/1915; 12/17/1915; 12/18/1915

Vol.11.p.020

• Diary page dates 11/13/1924; 11/14/1924

Vol.12.p.135

• Diary page dates 01/05/1925

Vol.13.p.219

• Diary page dates 02/04/1925; 02/05/1925

Vol.13.p.220

• Diary page dates 02/05/1925

Vol.13.p.236

• Diary page dates 02/12/1925

Vol.13.p.244

• Diary page dates 02/16/1925; 02/17/1925; 02/18/1925

Vol.13.p.252

• Diary page dates 02/21/1925; 02/22/1925

Vol.13.p.258

• Diary page dates 02/23/1925; 02/24/1925

Vol.13.p.262

• Diary page dates 02/26/1925; 02/27/1925

Vol.13.p.279

• Diary page dates 03/07/1925

Vol.13.p.290

• Diary page dates 03/18/1925; 03/29/1925; 03/20/1925; 03/21/1925

Vol.13.p.307

• Diary page dates 04/07/1925

Vol.13.p.308

Vol.13.p.309

Vol.13.p.311

• Diary page dates 04/07/1925 through 06/07/1925

Vol.13.p.Illustration

• Diary page dates 1925

Vol.15.p.130

• Diary page dates 01/08/1926

Vol.25.p.1181

• Diary page dates 05/05/1932 through 05/14/1932

Vol.27.p.163

• Diary page dates 11/13/1935; 11/14/1935

Vol.30.p.443

• Diary page dates 02/12/1937 through 02/25/1937

Vol.31.p.612

• Diary page dates 02/06/1938

Vol.32.p.625

• Diary page dates 02/24/1938; 02/25/1938

Enclosure Wall: rounded top

General plan of Giza

General plan of the Giza Plateau

Khufu Pyramid, Plan and section of king’s chamber

Khufu Pyramid, Sections

Partial plan of Khufu Pyramid and G 2385

Plan of Eastern Cemetery: W section, area E of Khufu Pyramid

Plan of G 7000 X, with positions of Khufu Pyramid, G I-a, G I-b, G I-c, G I-x, G 7110-7120, G 7130-7140

Plan of Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid Temple, G I-a, G I-b, G I-c, G 7000 X, G 7110-7120, G 7130-7140

View from Khafre Pyramid, looking NE (color plate)

• ID HUMFA_EG025506

View of Khufu Causeway and Eastern Cemetery, looking W

• ID HUMFA_EG025540

View of the Giza Pyramids, from the south

• ID HUMFA_EG025474

Badawy, Alexander M. "The Periodic System of Building a Pyramid." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 63 (1977), pp. 52-58.

Bauval, Robert G. "Cheops's Pyramid: A New Dating Using the Latest Astronomical Data." Discussions in Egyptology 26 (1993), pp. 5-6.

Bauval, Robert G. "The Horizon of Khufu." Discussions in Egyptology 30 (1994), pp. 17-20.

Bauval, Robert G. "The Logistics of the Shafts in Cheops' Pyramid." Discussions in Egyptology 31 (1995), pp. 5-13.

Bauval, Robert G. "The Star-Shafts of Cheops's Pyramid." Discussions in Egyptology 29 (1994), pp. 23-28.

Bauval, Robert G. "The Upuaut Project: New Findings in the Southern Shaft of the Queen's Chamber in Cheops Pyramid." Discussions in Egyptology 27 (1993), pp. 5-7.

Bauval, Robert G. & A.G. Gilbert. "The Adze of Upuaut." Discussions in Egyptology 28 (1994), pp. 5-13.

Cook, R.J. "A Note on the Geometry of the Star-shafts in the Pyramid of Khufu." Discussions in Egyptology 36 (1996), pp. 21-23.

Cook, R.J. "The Elaboration of the Giza Site-Plan." Discussions in Egyptology 31 (1995), pp. 35-45.

Cook, R.J. "The Stellar Geometry of the Great Pyramid." Discussions in Egyptology 29 (1994), pp. 29-36.

Cwiek, Andrzej. Relief Decoration in the Royal Funerary Complexes of the Old Kingdom: Studies in the Development, Scene Content and Iconography . Warsaw: Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Warsaw University, 2003.

Dorner, Josef. "Das Basisviereck der Cheopspyramide." In Peter Jánosi, ed. Structure and Significance: Thoughts on Ancient Egyptian Architecture , Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2005, pp. 275-281.

Edwards, I.E.S. "The Air-Channels of Chephren's Pyramid." In William Kelly Simpson and Whitney M. Davis, eds. Studies in Ancient Egypt, the Aegean, and the Sudan: Essays in Honor of Dows Dunham on the Occasion of his 90th Birthday, June 1, 1980. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1981, pp. 55-57.

Haase, Michael. "Brennpunkt Giza. Die Schachtsysteme der Cheops-Pyramide." Sokar 5 (2. Halbjahr 2002), pp. 3-13.

Haase, Michael. "Der Serviceschacht der Cheops-Pyramide. Bemerkungen zur Konstruktion des Verbindungsschachtes zwischen Großer Galerie und absteigendem Korridor." Sokar 9 (2. Halbjahr 2004), pp. 12-17.

Hawass, Zahi. "Khufu's National Project: The Great Pyramid of Giza in the Year 2528 B.C." In Peter Jánosi, ed. Structure and Significance: Thoughts on Ancient Egyptian Architecture , Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2005, pp. 305-334.

Hawass, Zahi. "The Discovery of the Pyramidion of the Satellite Pyramid of Khufu [GID], with an Appendix by Josef Dorner" In Charles C. Van Siclen III, ed. Iubilate Conlegae. Studies in Memory of Abdel Aziz Sadek , Part 1 . Varia Aegyptiaca 10, Nos. 2-3 (August-December 1995). San Antonio: Van Siclen Books, 1997, pp. 105-124.

Hellestam, Sigvard. "The Pyramid of Cheops as Calendar." Discussions in Egyptology 28 (1994), pp. 21-27.

Lehner, Mark. "Giza. A Contextual Approach to the Pyramids." Archiv für Orientforschung 32 (1985), pp. 136-158.

Lehner, Mark. "The Development of the Giza Necropolis. The Khufu Project." Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo 41 (1985), pp. 109-143.

Love, Serena. "Stones, Ancestors, and Pyramids: Investigating the Pre-pyramid Landscape of Memphis." In Miroslav Bárta, ed. The Old Kingdom Art and Archaeology . Proceedings of the Conference held in Prague, May 31-June 4, 2004. Prague: Czech Institute of Egyptology, 2006, pp. 209-218.

Münch, Hans-Hubertus, "Categorizing Archaeological Finds: the Funerary Material of Queen Hetepheres I at Giza." Antiquity 74, No 286 (2000), pp. 898-908.

Petrie, W. M. Flinders. The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh. London: Histories & Mysteries of Man Ltd., 1990 (1st ed. London: Field and Tuer, 1883).

Porter, Bertha, and Rosalind L.B. Moss. Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings 3: Memphis (Abû Rawâsh to Dahshûr). Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1931. 2nd edition. 3: M emphis, Part 1 (Abû Rawâsh to Abûsîr), revised and augmented by Jaromír Málek. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1974.

Verner, Miroslav. "Archaeological Remarks on the 4th and 5th Dynasty Chronology." Archiv Orientální 69, No. 3 (August 2002), pp. 363-418.

• Date: August 2001

Wainwright, G.A. "Review of 'Einige zur dritten Bauperiode der grossen Pyramide bei Gise'." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 23 (1937), pp. 127-129.

A History of the Giza Necropolis II, Unpublished 1942 Manuscript, Appendix B: East Cemetery (Cem. 7000), Page ApxB 115

• ID: HUMFA_GN2_K11_ApxB1_p115

A History of the Giza Necropolis II, Unpublished 1942 Manuscript, Appendix B: East Cemetery (Cem. 7000), Page ApxB 115 (alternate version)

• ID: HUMFA_GN2_K13_ApxB2_p115

A History of the Giza Necropolis II, Unpublished 1942 Manuscript, Chapter 10: Burials and Burial Equipment, Page 169

• ID: HUMFA_GN2_K03_ChapX_p169

A History of the Giza Necropolis II, Unpublished 1942 Manuscript, Chapter 10: Burials and Burial Equipment, Page 169 (alternate version)

• ID: HUMFA_GN2_K03_ChapX2_p169

A History of the Giza Necropolis II, Unpublished 1942 Manuscript, Chapter 10: Burials and Burial Equipment, Page 170

• ID: HUMFA_GN2_K03_ChapX_p170

A History of the Giza Necropolis II, Unpublished 1942 Manuscript, Chapter 10: Burials and Burial Equipment, Page 170 (alternate version)

• ID: HUMFA_GN2_K03_ChapX2_p170

A History of the Giza Necropolis III, Unpublished 1942 Manuscript, Chapter 15: Chronological Order of Finished Mastabas in the Giza Necropolis, page 060

• ID: HUMFA_GN3_K14_p060

A History of the Giza Necropolis III, Unpublished 1942 Manuscript, Chapter 16: The Royal Family of Dynasty Four, page 115

• ID: HUMFA_GN3_L01_p115

A History of the Giza Necropolis III, Unpublished 1942 Manuscript, Chapter 16: The Royal Family of Dynasty Four, page 127

• ID: HUMFA_GN3_L01_p127

A History of the Giza Necropolis III, Unpublished 1942 Manuscript, Chapter 16: The Royal Family of Dynasty Four, page 135

• ID: HUMFA_GN3_L01_p135

A History of the Giza Necropolis III, Unpublished 1942 Manuscript, Chapter 16: The Royal Family of Dynasty Four, page 136

• ID: HUMFA_GN3_L01_p136

The Minor Cemetery at Giza, Unpublished Manuscript, Chapter I: The Minor Cemetery, p.001

• ID: UPM_GMC_chapterI_001

Badawy, Alexander M. "The Periodic System of Building a Pyramid." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 63 (1977), pp. 52-54, 58.

Bauval, Robert G. "The Horizon of Khufu." Discussions in Egyptology 30 (1994), pp. 17-20.

Bauval, Robert G. "The Star-Shafts of Cheops's Pyramid." Discussions in Egyptology 29 (1994), pp. 23-28.

Bauval, Robert G. & A.G. Gilbert. "The Adze of Upuaut." Discussions in Egyptology 28 (1994), pp. 5-9, 11-12, figs. 1-3.

Bauval, Robert G. "Cheops's Pyramid: A New Dating Using the Latest Astronomical Data." Discussions in Egyptology 26 (1993), pp. 5-6.

Becker, Jürgen. "Die Chephren-Pyramide. Planänderung des Baukörpers und ihre Auswirkung auf das Kammersystem." Sokar 8 (1. Halbjahr 2004), pp. 7-11, 14-17, notes 10, 19, 51.

Bothmer, Bernard V. Egypt 1950: My First Visit. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2003, p. 148.

Cook, R.J. "The Stellar Geometry of the Great Pyramid." Discussions in Egyptology 29 (1994), pp. 29-36.

Cwiek, Andrzej. Relief Decoration in the Royal Funerary Complexes of the Old Kingdom: Studies in the Development, Scene Content and Iconography. Warsaw: Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Warsaw University, 2003, pp. 93-95, 98.

Dorner, Josef. "Das Basisviereck der Cheopspyramide." In Peter Janosi, ed. Structure and Significance: Thoughts on Ancient Egyptian Architecture, Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2005, pp. 275-281.

Edwards, I.E.S. "The Air-Channels of Chephren's Pyramid." In William Kelly Simpson and Whitney M. Davis, eds. Studies in Ancient Egypt, the Aegean, and the Sudan: Essays in Honor of Dows Dunham on the Occasion of his 90th Birthday, June 1, 1980. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1981, pp. 55-57.

Flentye, Laurel. "The Mastabas of Ankh-haf (G 7510) and Akhethetep and Meretites (G 7650) in the Eastern Cemetery at Giza: A Reassessment." In Zahi Hawass and Janet Richards, eds. The Archaeology and Art of Ancient Egypt. Essays in Honor of David B. O'Connor, Vol. I. Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte, Cahier no. 36. Cairo: Supreme Council of Antiquities, 2007, pp. 293, 300, 302, 303.

Flentye, Laurel. "The Development of Art in the Fourth Dynasty: The Eastern and GIS Cemeteries at Giza." In Mamdouh Eldmaty and Mai Trad, eds. Egyptian Museum Collections Around the World: Studies for the Centennial of the Egyptian Museum, Cairo. Cairo: Supreme Council of Antiquities, 2002, pp. 385-386.

Haase, Michael. "Das 'Giza Archiv-Projekt.' Interview mit Peter Der Manuelian." Sokar 10 (2005), p. 10.

Haase, Michael. "Der Serviceschacht der Cheops-Pyramide. Bemerkungen zur Konstruktion des Verbindungsschachtes zwischen Großer Galerie und absteigendem Korridor." Sokar 9 (2. Halbjahr 2004), pp. 12-17.

Haase, Michael. "Brennpunkt Giza. Die Schachtsysteme der Cheops-Pyramide." Sokar 5 (2. Halbjahr 2002), pp. 3-13.

Hanna, Hany. "Cheops Wooden Boat and its Museum; Condition Case Study." In Hany Hanna, ed. ICOM-CC-Wood, Furniture and Lacquer. International Conference on Heritage of Naqada and Qus Region. Monastery of the Archangel Michael, Naqada, Egypt. 22-28 January 2007. Preprints 1. Egypt: International Council of Museums & Diocese of Naqada and Qus, 2007, pp. 183-186.

Hawass, Zahi. "Excavating the Old Kingdom. The Egyptian Archaeologists." In Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1999, pp. 155, 157, 159.

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Hawass, Zahi. "A Burial with an Unusual Plaster Mask in the Western Cemetery of Khufu's Pyramid." In Renée Friedman and Barbara Adams, eds. The Followers of Horus. Studies dedicated to Michael Allen Hoffman 1944-1990. Egyptian Studies Association Publication No. 2. Oxbow Monograph 20. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 1992, pp. 327-328.

Hawass, Zahi. "The Khufu Statuette: Is it an Old Kingdom Sculpture?" In Paule Posener-Kriéger, ed. Mélanges Gamal Eddin Mokhtar, vol. I. Cairo: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1985, pp. 383, 388-391.

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Sakovich, Anthony P. "Explaining the Shafts in Khufu's Pyramid at Giza." Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 42 (2005-6), pp. 1-12, figs. 2-4.

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Wainwright, G.A. "Review of 'Einige zur dritten Bauperiode der grossen Pyramide bei Gise'." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 23 (1937), pp. 127-129.

View all 478 Photos

3D Models 1

Khufu Pyramid (primary model)

Khafre Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Causeway

Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid Complex

Khufu Pyramid Complex and Khafre Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c

Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c

General view: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Western Cemetery

General View: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid

Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid

General View: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum

Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 2000, Khufu Pyramid

Ancient People

• Type Tomb Owner
• Remarks Second king of Dynasty 4, son of Snefru. Builder of the Great Pyramid at Giza, the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still standing. Known two thousand years later by the Greeks as King Cheops. Horus name: [mDdw] Medjedu. Full birth-name: Khnum-Khufu.

Modern People

(Karl) Richard Lepsius

• Type Excavator
• Nationality & Dates German, 1810–1884
• Remarks Egyptologist. Nationality and life dates from Who was Who in Egyptology.

Giovanni Battista Belzoni

• Nationality & Dates Italian, 1778 –1823
• Remarks Belzoni was a circus strongman, Italian adventurer, and self-taught archaeologist.

Giovanni Battista Caviglia

• Nationality & Dates Italian, 1770–1845
• Remarks Caviglia was an early explorer of the Great Pyramid and the Sphinx.

ID: HUMFA_EG010037

Subjects: Maps and plans: General plan of Giza

ID: HUMFA_A12_NS

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid

Description: General view, including Khufu pyramid, Pyramids Road (Sharia el-Haram), and inundation, looking E from E of Harvard Camp house

ID: HUMFA_A24_NS

Subjects: Menkaure Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, Menkaure pyramid temple

Description: Menkaure pyramid temple and cemetery, looking NNE to Khafre and Khufu pyramids from point 7

ID: HUMFA_A25A_NS

Subjects: Menkaure Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, Menkaure Pyramid, Menkaure pyramid temple

ID: HUMFA_A26_NS

Description: Menkaure pyramid temple and cemetery, looking NNE to Khafre and Khufu pyramids from point 8

ID: HUMFA_A10932P_OS

Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid

Description: Khufu pyramid and Pyramids Road (Sharia el-Haram), looking NE from E of Harvard Camp house

ID: HUMFA_A2296P_NS

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Menkaure Pyramid

Description: Three pyramids (Khufu, Khafre, Menkaure) seen from desert about one mile to SW

ID: HUMFA_A7858BP_NS

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: G III-a, G III-b, G III-c, Menkaure pyramid, Khafre pyramid, Khufu pyramid

Description: General view of pyramids, subsidiary pyramids (G III-a, G III-b, G III-c) S of Menkaure pyramid, Menkaure pyramid (foreground), Khafre and Khufu pyramids (background), looking NNE from S of Menkaure pyramid (rephotograph of A448/5883)

ID: HUMFA_C13155-01_OS

Description: Khufu pyramid, looking SE

ID: HUMFA_C13142-01_OS

Subjects: Menkaure Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: G III-a, G III-b, G III-c, Menkaure pyramid, Khafre pyramid, Khufu pyramid

Description: General view, subsidiary pyramids (G III-a, G III-b, G III-c) S of Menkaure pyramid, Menkaure pyramid (foreground), Khafre and Khufu pyramids (background), looking NNE from S of Menkaure pyramid (rephotograph of A448/5883)

ID: HUMFA_D1161-01_NS

Description: Men at work at base of S face of Khufu pyramid

ID: HUMFA_A2186P_NS

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Giza, Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid

Description: Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking SSE from gravel hill N of wadi

ID: HUMFA_A2297P_NS

Description: General view of pyramids, Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure pyramids, looking NE from desert about one mile to SW

ID: HUMFA_A25B_NS

Description: Menkaure pyramid temple and cemetery, looking NNE to Khafre and Khufu pyramids (slightly different vantage point than A25A)

ID: HUMFA_A7858B_NS

ID: HUMFA_B13064-01_OS

Description: Harvard Camp buildings(?), looking E to Khufu pyramid and Pyramids Road (Sharia el-Haram)

ID: HUMFA_C10076_OS

Description: Khufu pyramid, looking E from G 2000 (= Lepsius 23)

ID: HUMFA_C10077_OS

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Giza, Khafre pyramid, Khufu pyramid

Description: Khafre and Khufu pyramids, looking N

ID: HUMFA_C10079_OS

Description: Cemetery W of Khufu pyramid, looking E

ID: HUMFA_A11638_OS

Description: Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking E to inundation

ID: HUMFA_A11641_OS

Description: View between Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking E to inundation

ID: HUMFA_A10931_OS

Description: Khufu pyramid etc, looking E from E of Harvard Camp house

ID: HUMFA_A10932_OS

ID: HUMFA_B8575_NS

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 2342 = G 5520, Khufu pyramid

Description: Khufu pyramid, looking SE (area around G 2342 (= G 5520 = Lepsius 28, foreground)

ID: HUMFA_C13186_NS

Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid

Description: Graf Zeppelin over Khufu pyramid (photograph by Noel F. Wheeler)

ID: HUMFA_B6586_NS

Subjects: Sphinx Complex: Site: Giza; View: Sphinx, Khufu pyramid

Description: Sphinx, looking NW to Khufu pyramid

ID: HUMFA_A442_NS

Description: Khufu pyramid, looking NE from Khafre pyramid. [Image also known as: A5877_NS]

ID: HUMFA_A443_NS

Description: Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking SW from cultivation. [Image also known as: A5878_NS]

ID: HUMFA_A444_NS

Description: Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking SW from cultivation. [Image also known as: A5927_NS]

ID: HUMFA_A445_NS

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: G III-a, G III-b, G III-c, Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid, Menkaure pyramid

Description: General view of pyramids, subsidiary pyramids (G III-a, G III-b, G III-c) S of Menkaure pyramid, Menkaure pyramid (foreground), Khafre and Khufu pyramids (background), looking NNE from S of Menkaure pyramid. [Image also known as: A5879_NS]

ID: HUMFA_A446_NS

Description: General view of pyramids, subsidiary pyramids (G III-a, G III-b, G III-c) S of Menkaure pyramid, Menkaure pyramid (foreground), Khafre and Khufu pyramids (background), looking NNE from S of Menkaure pyramid. [Image also known as: A5880_NS]

ID: HUMFA_A447_NS

Description: Khafre and Khufu pyramids, looking N (Menkaure causeway) from S. [Image also known as: A5881_NS]

ID: HUMFA_A448_NS

Description: General view of pyramids, subsidiary pyramids (G III-a, G III-b, G III-c) S of Menkaure pyramid, Menkaure pyramid (foreground), Khafre and Khufu pyramids (background), looking NNE from S of Menkaure pyramid (rephotographed as A7858 and C13142.01). [Image also known as: A5883_NS]

ID: HUMFA_A450_NS

Description: Khufu pyramid and ancient dump on N before our excavation, looking SE from across wadi to NW. [Image also known as: A5882_NS]

ID: HUMFA_A2186_NS

ID: HUMFA_A2296_NS

Subjects: Menkaure Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Menkaure Pyramid

ID: HUMFA_A2297_NS

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Giza, Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid, Menkaure pyramid

ID: HUMFA_A5877_NS

Description: Khufu pyramid, looking NE from Khafre pyramid. [Image also known as: A442_NS]

ID: HUMFA_A5878_NS

Description: Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking SW from cultivation. [Image also known as: A443_NS]

ID: HUMFA_A5879_NS

Description: General view of pyramids, subsidiary pyramids (G III-a, G III-b, G III-c) S of Menkaure pyramid, Menkaure pyramid (foreground), Khafre and Khufu pyramids (background), looking NNE from S of Menkaure pyramid. [Image also known as: A445_NS]

ID: HUMFA_A5880_NS

Description: General view of pyramids, subsidiary pyramids (G III-a, G III-b, G III-c) S of Menkaure pyramid, Menkaure pyramid (foreground), Khafre and Khufu pyramids (background), looking NNE from S of Menkaure pyramid. [Image also known as: A446_NS]

ID: HUMFA_A5881_NS

Description: Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking N (Menkaure causeway) from S. [Image also known as: A447_NS]

ID: HUMFA_A5882_NS

Description: Khufu pyramid and ancient dump on N before our excavation, looking SE from across wadi to NW. [Image also known as: A450_NS]

ID: HUMFA_A5883_NS

Description: General view of pyramids, subsidiary pyramids (G III-a, G III-b, G III-c) S of Menkaure pyramid, Menkaure pyramid (foreground), Khafre and Khufu pyramids (background), looking NNE from S of Menkaure pyramid (rephotographed as A7858 and C13142.01). [Image also known as: A448_NS]

ID: HUMFA_A5927_NS

Description: Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking SW from cultivation. [Image also known as: A444_NS]

ID: HUMFA_A6978_NS

Description: General view, looking NE to Khufu pyramid and beyond from three-quarters up NE corner Khafre pyramid

ID: HUMFA_B251_NS

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Giza, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Inundation, looking ENE past Khufu pyramid to Pyramids Road (Sharia el-Haram)

ID: HUMFA_B252_NS

Description: Inundation, looking E past S side of Khufu pyramid

ID: HUMFA_B654_NS

Description: Khufu pyramid, looking NE from Khafre pyramid. [Image also known as: B7198_NS]

ID: HUMFA_B675_NS

Description: Khufu pyramid, looking SW from cultivation to NE. [Image also known as: B7194_NS]

ID: HUMFA_B678_NS

Description: Khufu pyramid, looking SE from across wadi at NW. [Image also known as: B7209_NS]

ID: HUMFA_B681_NS

Description: Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking NE from desert to SW. [Image also known as: B7190_NS]

ID: HUMFA_B682_NS

Description: Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking SW from cultivation. [Image also known as: B7191_NS]

ID: HUMFA_B683_NS

Description: Khufu pyramid, looking SSW from cultivation. [Image also known as: B7192_NS]

ID: HUMFA_B692_NS

Description: Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking SW from cultivation. [Image also known as: B7193_NS]

ID: HUMFA_B761_NS

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Menkaure pyramid, Khafre pyramid, Khufu pyramid

Description: General view of pyramids, subsidiary pyramids S of Menkaure, Menkaure, Khafre, and Khufu pyramids, looking NNE. [Image also known as: B7200_NS]

ID: HUMFA_B1477_NS

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Khafre pyramid, Khufu pyramid, Menkaure pyramid

Description: General view of pyramids, Khafre (center), Khufu (left), and Menkaure (right), looking NW. [Image also known as: B7760_NS]

ID: HUMFA_C6953_NS

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Giza, G 4800, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Space S of G 4800, N side of great wall, looking E to Khufu pyramid

ID: HUMFA_C6475_NS

Description: Trench along E face of pyramid enclosure wall, looking N from SW corner

ID: PDM_1993.063.21

Description: Khufu pyramid emerging from morning fog, looking SE from G 2150 (10:00 am)

ID: PDM_1993.069.08

Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu causeway

Description: Khufu causeway, looking W to Khufu pyramid

ID: PDM_1993.071.23

Subjects: People & places: Site: Giza; View: Farouk rest-house, Khufu pyramid

Description: Khufu Pyramid from Farouk rest-house courtyard (serving as cafeteria and police station) at NE corner of Khufu pyramid, looking SW

ID: PDM_1993.077.24

Description: Khufu pyramid and western cemetery, looking SE

ID: PDM_1993.074.01

Subjects: People & places: Site: Giza

Description: Pink truck convoy, looking E from western cemetery (NW corner of Khufu pyramid, background right)

ID: PDM_1993.074.02

Description: Pink truck convoy, looking E from western cemetery (Khufu pyramid, background)

ID: PDM_1993.074.24

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 2100, G 2100-I, Khufu pyramid

Description: Cemetery G 2100: G 2100 and G 2100-I, W faces, looking E toward Khufu pyramid

ID: PDM_1993.079.01

Subjects: People & places: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid

Description: Top of Khufu pyramid: Peter Der Manuelian at SW corner, looking SW toward Khafre pyramid

ID: PDM_1993.091.12

Subjects: People & places: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid

Description: Inspector Mohammed Sadek with Khufu pyramid in background

ID: PDM_1993.088.22

Description: Khufu pyramid, W face, looking E from top of G 2100-I

ID: PDM_1993.088.23

ID: PDM_1993.100.01

Subjects: General view/misc.: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid

Description: Peter Janosi and Khufu Pyramid, from top of G 2000, looking SE

ID: PDM_1993.100.02

Subjects: People & places: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid

Description: PR shot: Peter Der Manuelian and Khufu Pyramid, looking SE from top of G 2000

ID: PDM_1993.102.23

Description: Khufu Pyramid, Egyptian visitors at entrance on Friday, looking E

ID: PDM_1993.117.34

Description: Khufu pyramid, N side, Friday crowds, looking E

ID: PDM_1993.122.06

Description: View of Khufu pyramid, S side, looking N from inside inspectorate/rest-house SE of Khafre pyramid

ID: PDM_1993.123.09

Description: General view of pyramids, Khufu pyramid, looking N from S of Giza

ID: PDM_1993.123.10

Description: General view of Khufu pyramid, looking N from S of Giza

ID: PDM_1993.123.24

Description: General view of Khufu pyramid, looking W from Nazlet el-Samman, balcony of Ahmed el-Ghabry (evening)

ID: PDM_1993.051.25

Subjects: Central Field (Hassan): Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, Sphinx

Description: Central Field (Hassan) cemetery, general view, looking NW to Sphinx and Khufu pyramid

ID: PDM_1993.079.08

Description: Khufu pyramid, looking down SW corner (inspector Mohamed Sadek)

ID: PDM_1993.124.01

Description: Inspector Mohamed Sadek and Peter Janosi with NE corner of Khufu pyramid in background

ID: PDM_1993.124.02

Description: Khufu pyramid, SW corner, looking NE

ID: PDM_1993.124.03

ID: PDM_1993.124.04

Description: Khufu pyramid, with Khufu Boat Museum, looking E along S face

ID: PDM_1993.124.05

Description: Khufu pyramid, looking down SW corner

ID: PDM_1993.124.09

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza

Description: Western Cemetery, looking NW from halfway up Khufu pyramid

ID: PDM_1993.124.12

ID: PDM_1993.124.13

Description: Khufu pyramid, looking N along W face

ID: PDM_1993.124.19

ID: PDM_1993.124.20

Description: Khufu pyramid, looking down SW corner (inspector Mohamed Sadek and Peter Janosi)

ID: PDM_1993.124.22

ID: PDM_1993.125.05

ID: PDM_1993.125.06

Description: Khufu pyramid, top, looking NE (inspector Mohamed Sadek)

ID: PDM_1993.125.07

ID: PDM_1993.125.08

ID: PDM_1993.125.17

Description: Khufu pyramid, top, looking W (Peter Janosi and inspector Mohamed Sadek)

ID: PDM_1993.126.08

Description: Khufu pyramid, looking E along S face

ID: PDM_1993.126.09

Description: Khufu pyramid, looking up to NE

ID: PDM_1993.126.10

ID: PDM_1993.126.14

Description: Khufu pyramid, looking N along W face (inspector Mohamed Sadek)

ID: PDM_1993.126.15

ID: PDM_1993.127.35

Description: Peter Janosi at NW corner (top) of Khufu pyramid, looking N

ID: PDM_1993.129.08

ID: PDM_1993.130.03

Description: Khufu pyramid, top, looking E to Eastern Cemetery (inspector Mohamed Sadek and Peter Janosi)

ID: PDM_1993.130.12

Description: Khufu pyramid, top, looking E (Peter Janosi and inspector Mohamed Sadek)

ID: PDM_1993.130.18

ID: PDM_1993.130.19

Description: Khufu pyramid, top, looking E (inspector Mohamed Sadek and Peter Janosi)

ID: PDM_1999.001.20

Description: Brian Snyder and inspector Aiman climbing E face of Khufu pyramid

ID: PDM_1999.001.21

ID: PDM_1999.001.22

ID: PDM_1999.001.23

ID: PDM_1999.001.24

ID: PDM_1999.001.25

ID: PDM_1999.001.26

ID: PDM_1999.001.27

ID: PDM_1999.001.28

ID: PDM_1999.001.29

Description: Brian Snyder and inspector Aiman climbing E face of Khufu pyramid, looking SW to Khafre pyramid

ID: PDM_1999.006.06

Description: Khufu pyramid, looking E from cemetery 4000

ID: PDM_1999.008.06

Description: Khufu pyramid, from rest house, looking E

ID: PDM_1999.008.16

Description: Khufu pyramid, top, looking NE

ID: PDM_1999.016.29

Description: “Giza Day” celebrations, looking S across Sharia el-Haram (Pyramids Road) toward Khufu pyramid

ID: PDM_1999.016.30

ID: PDM_1999.016.33

ID: PDM_1999.016.35

Description: “Giza Day” celebrations, looking S across Sharia el-Haram (Pyramids Road) toward Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid

ID: PDM_1999.016.37

ID: PDM_1999.016.38

ID: PDM_1999.017.01

Description: “Giza Day” celebrations, with large balloon, looking S toward north face of Khufu pyramid

ID: PDM_1999.017.02

ID: PDM_1999.018.02

Description: General view across Cemetery G 2000 toward west face of G 2100-I, Merib, looking E toward Khufu pyramid

ID: PDM_1999.018.05

Subjects: People & places: Site: Giza; View: G 2000, Khufu pyramid

Description: Brian Snyder photographing on top of mastaba G 2000 (= Lepsius 23), looking E toward Khufu pyramid

ID: PDM_1999.018.06

ID: PDM_1999.018.11

Description: Brian Snyder and inspector Aiman climbing E face of Khufu pyramid, looking NW

ID: PDM_1999.018.12

Description: Brian Snyder climbing E face of Khufu pyramid, looking W

ID: PDM_1999.018.13

Description: Khufu pyramid, SE corner, looking WSW to Khafre pyramid (Brian Snyder climbing E face)

ID: PDM_1999.018.14

Description: Brian Snyder and inspector Aiman climbing E face of Khufu pyramid, looking W

ID: PDM_1999.026.12

Subjects: People & places: Site: Giza; View: Harvard Camp, Khufu pyramid

Description: Harvard Camp, lower house (terrace of Sadat rest-house), looking E toward Khufu pyramid (photographer Brian Snyder)

ID: PDM_1999.033.17

Description: Khufu pyramid, looking S from Mena House hotel garden

ID: PDM_1999.033.19

Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid

Description: Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking S from Mena House hotel garden

ID: PDM_1999.033.24

Description: Khufu pyramid, looking S from Mena House hotel pool area

ID: PDM_1999.033.28

ID: PDM_1999.200.14

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 2100-I, Khufu pyramid

Description: Western Cemetery, general view, cemetery G 4000, looking SE from top of mastaba G 2000 toward Khufu pyramid (image 6 of 11 sequential images, panning counterclockwise from S to N, PDM_1999.200.09 through PDM_1999.200.19)

ID: PDM_1999.200.15

Description: Western Cemetery, general view, cemetery G 2100, including G 2100 and G 2100-I, looking E from top of mastaba G 2000 toward Khufu pyramid (photographer Brian Snyder) (image 7 of 11 sequential images, panning counterclockwise from S to N, PDM_1999.200.09 through PDM_1999.200.19)

ID: PDM_1999.200.16

Description: Western Cemetery, general view, cemetery G 2100, including G 2100 and G 2100-I, looking E from top of mastaba G 2000 toward Khufu pyramid (photographer Brian Snyder) (image 8 of 11 sequential images, panning counterclockwise from S to N, PDM_1999.200.09 through PDM_1999.200.19)

ID: PDM_1999.200.20

ID: PDM_1999.200.21

ID: PDM_1999.200.22

ID: PDM_1999.200.23

ID: PDM_1999.200.24

ID: PDM_1999.200.28

Description: Brian Snyder and inspector Aiman climbing E face of Khufu pyramid, looking SW

ID: PDM_1999.200.29

Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, Khufu boat pit

Description: Khufu pyramid, SW corner, and Khufu boat pit, looking SW

ID: PDM_1999.200.31

Description: Khufu pyramid temple, from top of pyramid G I-a, looking NW

ID: PDM_1999.200.32

Subjects: Eastern Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, G 7000 X

Description: Khufu causeway, G 7000 X, Hetepheres I, from top of pyramid G I-a, looking NE

ID: PDM_1999.200.33

Description: Khufu pyramid, SW corner, looking SW from of subsidiary pyramid G I-a

ID: PDM_1999.201.02

Description: Cemetery G 4000, looking E toward Khufu pyramid

ID: PDM_1999.201.10

Description: Khufu pyramid, looking E over Western Cemetery enclosure wall

ID: PDM_1999.201.18

Description: General view in front of former Harvard Camp area, looking E toward Khufu pyramid

ID: PDM_1999.201.19

Subjects: General view/misc.: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid

Description: General view in front of former Harvard Camp area, looking E toward Khufu and Khafre pyramids

ID: PDM_00158

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid

Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking SE from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454 (evening)

ID: PDM_00160

Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454, looking SE, early morning

ID: PDM_00161

ID: PDM_00162

ID: PDM_00163

ID: PDM_00164

Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454, looking SE, morning

ID: PDM_00215

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid, Harvard Camp

Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking E from Harvard Camp

ID: PDM_00231

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Harvard Camp, Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid

Description: Road from Harvard Camp, looking E to Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid

ID: PDM_00233

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid

Description: View between Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking E from Harvard Camp area toward Nazlet es-Saman

ID: PDM_00316

Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454, looking SE, evening

ID: PDM_00317

ID: PDM_00318

Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking SE from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454 (night)

ID: PDM_00319

ID: PDM_00320

ID: PDM_00321

ID: PDM_00322

Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454, looking SE, morning fog

ID: PDM_00323

ID: PDM_00324

ID: PDM_00528

Subjects: Eastern Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid

Description: area E of Khufu pyramid temple, looking E

ID: PDM_00685

Description: Passage tunnel underneath Khufu causeway, looking N

ID: PDM_00963

Description: Western Cemetery, general view, looking E from G 2001 toward mastabas G 2100 and G 2100-I and Khufu pyramid

ID: PDM_01049

Description: View along S face of Khufu pyramid, looking E to Khufu Boat Museum

ID: PDM_01335

Description: From top of “big dump” north of G 2000s tombs, looking E to Khufu pyramid

ID: PDM_01351

Description: General view of area of Wadi Cemetery, looking SE over storage magazine toward Khufu pyramid

ID: PDM_01352

Description: General view of area of Wadi Cemetery, looking SE toward Khufu pyramid

ID: PDM_01353

Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454, looking SE

ID: PDM_01369

Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking SE from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454 (image 1 of 10 sequential “time lapse” images)

ID: PDM_01370

Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking SE from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454 (image 2 of 10 sequential “time lapse” images)

ID: PDM_01372

Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking SE from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454 (image 3 of 10 sequential “time lapse” images)

ID: PDM_01373

Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking SE from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454 (image 4 of 10 sequential “time lapse” images)

ID: PDM_01374

Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking SE from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454 (image 5 of 10 sequential “time lapse” images)

ID: PDM_01375

Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking SE from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454 (image 6 of 10 sequential “time lapse” images)

ID: PDM_01376

Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking SE from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454 (image 7 of 10 sequential “time lapse” images)

ID: PDM_01377

Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking SE from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454 (image 8 of 10 sequential “time lapse” images)

ID: PDM_01378

Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking SE from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454 (image 9 of 10 sequential “time lapse” images)

ID: PDM_01379

Description: Khufu pyramid and Khafre pyramid, looking SE from Le Meridien Pyramids Hotel balcony of room 454 (image 10 of 10 sequential “time lapse” images)

ID: PDM_01380

ID: PDM_02299

Description: Alexandria Road, looking SE toward Khufu pyramid

ID: PDM_02300

ID: PDM_02304

Description: Excavation cutting trench on north side of Khufu pyramid

ID: PDM_02483

Description: Khufu pyramid, north face, looking SE

ID: PDM_02555

Description: Khufu pyramid and Boat Museum, looking NW from top of Southern Mount across Central Field

ID: PDM_02565

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Sphinx, Khufu pyramid

Description: General view, Central Field, Sphinx, and Khufu pyramid, looking NW from top of Southern Mount (Muslim cemetery in foreground)

ID: PDM_02566

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Sphinx, Khafre valley temple, Khufu pyramid

Description: General view, Central Field, Sphinx, Khafre valley temple, and Khufu pyramid, looking NW from top of Southern Mount (Muslim cemetery in foreground)

ID: PDM_02572

Subjects: Central Field (Hassan): Site: Giza; View: Central Field, Khufu pyramid

Description: Central Field and Khufu pyramid, looking NW from top of Southern Mount

ID: PDM_02573

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: G 8400, Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid

Description: General view, Central Field, G 8400 = Khentkaus pyramid, Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking NW from top of Southern Mount

ID: PDM_02584

Subjects: Central Field (Hassan): Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid

Description: Central Field, and Khufu pyramid, looking NW from top of Southern Mount

ID: PDM_02592

Description: Khufu pyramid, Central Field, and modern Muslim Cemetery, looking NW from top of Southern Mount

ID: PDM_02594

Subjects: General view/misc.: Site: Giza; View: Sphinx, Khufu pyramid

Description: Sphinx (profile, proper right), Central Field, and Khufu pyramid, looking N from top of Southern Mount

ID: PDM_02603

ID: PDM_02604

ID: PDM_02618

Description: Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking NW from base of Southern Mount

ID: PDM_02619

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: G 8400, Khufu pyramid

Description: General view, G 8400 = Khentkaus pyramid, high security wall, and Khufu pyramid, looking N from base of Southern Mount

ID: PDM_02620

Description: General view, G 8400 = Khentkaus pyramid, high security wall, and Khufu pyramid, looking N from S of Southern Mount

ID: PDM_03399

Description: Khufu pyramid, south side, hole blasted by Howard Vyse

ID: PDM_03401

ID: PDM_03402

ID: PDM_05656

Description: Khufu pyramid, northwest corner, looking S

ID: PDM_05657

Description: Khufu pyramid, northwest corner, looking E

ID: PDM_05658

Description: Khufu pyramid, southwest corner, looking E

ID: PDM_05659

Description: Khufu pyramid, southwest corner, looking N

ID: PDM_05669

Description: Khufu pyramid, northeast corner, looking S

ID: PDM_05670

Description: Khufu pyramid, northeast corner, looking W

ID: PDM_05809

Subjects: Central Field (Hassan): Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid

Description: Central Field: general view of Janosi zone 3, looking N to Khufu and Khafre pyramids

ID: PDM_05852

Description: Khufu pyramid, southeast corner, looking N

ID: PDM_05853

Description: Khufu pyramid, southeast corner, looking W

ID: PDM_05861

ID: PDM_05862

ID: PDM_05876

Subjects: General view/misc.: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, SCA antiquities admission buildings

Description: New SCA antiquities admission buildings (formerly Rowad trench area), looking S to Khufu and Khafre pyramids

ID: PDM_06111

Description: Harvard Camp, asphalt helipad for former Anwar Sadat rest-house, with Beverly Waters, looking E toward Khufu pyramid

ID: PDM_06117

Description: Far Western Cemetery: Decauville railroad car, looking E toward Khufu pyramid

ID: PDM_06118

ID: PDM_06120

Description: Far Western Cemetery: Decauville railroad tracks, looking E toward Khufu pyramid

ID: PDM_06121

Description: Far Western Cemetery: Decauville railroad tracks, looking E toward Khufu and Khafre pyramids

ID: PDM_06156

Description: Western Cemetery: general view toward Cemetery 1200 from Abu Bakr Cemetery, Brown University/Cairo University excavations, with Decauville railroad cars, looking E

ID: PDM_06157

Description: Western Cemetery: general view toward Cemetery 1200 from Abu Bakr Cemetery, Brown University/Cairo University excavations, with Decauville railroad car, looking E

ID: PDM_06182

Description: Cemetery en Echelon and Khufu pyramid, from Junker 1912 debris ramp, looking SE

ID: PDM_06247

Description: General view of pyramids, Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking E from Harvard Camp

ID: PDM_06251

Description: Far Western Cemetery, Decauville railroad tracks from Zahi Hawass recent excavations, looking E toward Khufu and Khafre pyramids

ID: PDM_06252

Description: Far Western Cemetery, Decauville railroad tracks from Zahi Hawass recent excavations, looking E toward Khufu pyramid

ID: PDM_06253

ID: PDM_06254

ID: PDM_1993.003.04

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 2220, Khufu pyramid

Description: Cemetery G 2100: from northeast corner of G 2220, looking SE toward Khufu pyramid

ID: MFAB_AAW1035

Subjects: Central Field (Hassan): Site: Giza; View: Central Field, Khufu Pyramid, Sphinx

Description: Central Field, Sphinx, and Khufu pyramid, looking N from Southern Mount over Muslim cemetery

ID: MFAB_AAW1038

Description: Khufu pyramid, looking E across N face

ID: MFAB_AAW1039

Description: Top of Khufu pyramid, looking SW to Khafre pyramid

ID: MFAB_AAW1040

Description: Top of Khufu pyramid, looking S at Lynn Holden and Carter Wentworth sitting on SE corner

ID: MFAB_AAW1052

Subjects: General view/misc.: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid

Description: Mena House golf course and Pyramids Road (Sharia el-Haram), looking N from top of Khufu pyramid

ID: MFAB_AAW1053

Description: Khufu pyramid and expedition land rover, looking E from Western Cemetery

ID: MFAB_AAW1054

Description: Khufu pyramid, Lepsius Expedition modern hieroglyphic inscription to Prussian Kaiser Friedrich Wilhelm IV (January 1843), above entrance on N side, looking SE

ID: MFAB_AAW1055

Description: Khufu pyramid, southwest corner, looking NE from top of Khafre pyramid

ID: MFAB_AAW1063

Description: Khufu pyramid and sun, looking SE(?)

ID: MFAB_AAW1067

Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, G I-b, G I-c

Description: Khufu pyramid, looking NW from between subsidiary pyramids G I-b (to N) and G I-c (to S)

ID: MFAB_AAW1076

Description: Khufu pyramid, looking W along N face toward Senedjemib Complex

ID: MFAB_AAW1077

Description: Khufu pyramid, queen’s chamber, Rudolf Gantenbrink air channel photography (video) project, left to right: Mohamed Shiha, Rainer Stadelmann, Mohamed Sadek

ID: MFAB_AAW1078

Description: Khufu pyramid, looking E along N face toward Farouk rest-house

ID: MFAB_AAW1079

Description: Khufu pyramid, N face, looking SE

ID: MFAB_AAW1080

Description: Khufu pyramid, NW corner, looking S

ID: MFAB_AAW1081

Description: Khufu pyramid, looking SE along N face toward Farouk rest-house

ID: MFAB_AAW1082

ID: MFAB_AAW1083

Description: Passage tunnel underneath Khufu causeway, looking S

ID: MFAB_AAW1084

ID: MFAB_AAW1085

ID: MFAB_AAW1086

ID: MFAB_AAW1087

ID: MFAB_AAW1089

ID: MFAB_AAW1090

ID: MFAB_AAW1162

Subjects: Sphinx Complex: Site: Giza; View: Sphinx, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Sphinx complex, NW corner of cavity, looking NW toward Khufu pyramid

ID: MFAB_AAW1584

Description: Khufu pyramid, NE corner, looking SW

ID: MFAB_AAW1585

Description: Khufu pyramid, NW corner, climbing the pyramid, looking NW

ID: MFAB_AAW1603

ID: MFAB_AAW1627

Subjects: Khafre Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Khafre pyramid, Peter Der Manuelian by casing preserved at top, looking NE toward Khufu pyramid

ID: MFAB_AAW1663

Description: Khufu pyramid, N side, entrance, looking SE

ID: MFAB_AAW1679

Description: Khufu pyramid, queen’s chamber, Rudolf Gantenbrink air channel photography (video) project, Mohamed Shiha, Rainer Stadelmann, and Mohamed Sadek

ID: MFAB_AAW1835

Description: Khufu pyramid, S face with Khufu Boat Museum, looking NE

ID: MFAB_AAW2081

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum

Description: Aerial view of Khufu pyramid, Western Cemetery, Eastern Cemetery, Cemetery G I-S and Khufu Boat Museum, looking N

ID: MFAB_AAW2085

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, G I-a, G I-b, G I-c

Description: Aerial view of Giza, including Khufu pyramid and subsidiary pyramids G I-a, G I-b, and G I-c, looking W

ID: MFAB_AAW2086

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Khufu pyramid, Khafre pyramid, Menkaure pyramid, Sphinx

Description: Aerial view of Giza, including Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure pyramids, Central Field, and Sphinx complex, looking W

ID: MFAB_AAW2090

Description: Aerial view of Khufu pyramid, Cemetery G I-S and Khufu Boat Museum, looking SE

ID: MFAB_AAW2133

Description: Aerial view of Giza, Khufu and Khafre pyramids, looking NE

ID: KHM_AEOS_II_5274

Description: Area of cultivation, looking NW toward Khufu and Khafre pyramids

ID: KHM_AEOS_II_5275

ID: KHM_AEOS_I_5786

Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza

Description: Khufu pyramid enclosure wall, W side of pyramid, looking NE

ID: KHM_AEOS_I_5906

Description: Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure pyramids, general view, looking NW

ID: KHM_o_neg_nr_0493

Description: Menkaure, Khafre, and Khufu pyramids, general view, looking N

ID: KHM_o_neg_nr_0501

Description: Menkaure, Khafre, and Khufu pyramids, general view, looking NNE

ID: MMA_17.6.143_001

Subjects: Object(s) photograph: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid

Description: Specimen of mortar from the Great Pyramid (MMA_17.6.143)

ID: MMA_17.6.143_002

ID: MMA_23.187_001

Description: Specimen of mortar from the Great Pyramid (MMA_23.187)

ID: MMA_23.187_002

ID: MMA_23.187_003

ID: TUR_LastraGizaA5553

Description: Photograph of the pyramid of Khufu taken during the annual Nile flood by Félix Bonfils.

ID: TUR_LastraGizaA5555

Subjects: Eastern Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 7391; Khufu Pyramid

Description: Excavations in the area of G 7391 (mastaba of Iteti) southeast of the pyramid of Khufu.

ID: TUR_LastraGizaA5562

Description: Photograph of the pyramid of Khufu taken by Félix Bonfils.

ID: TUR_LastraGizaA5563

Description: Photograph of the eastern face of the pyramid of Khufu, taken by Antonio Beato.

ID: TUR_LastraGizaA5564

ID: TUR_LastraGizaA5571

ID: TUR_LastraGizaA5572

Subjects: Sphinx/Sphinx temple: Site: Giza; View: Sphinx; Khufu Pyramid

Description: The Sphinx, buried in sand, looking NW toward the pyramid of Khufu.

ID: TUR_LastraGizaA5573

ID: TUR_LastraGizaA5575

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Sphinx; Khufu Pyramid

Description: Photograph of the Sphinx buried in sand, looking NW toward the pyramid of Khufu, taken by Antonio Beato.

ID: TUR_LastraGizaA5576

Description: Photograph of visitors climbing the pyramid of Khufu taken by Félix Bonfils.

ID: TUR_LastraGizaA5578

Description: Photograph of visitors climbing the NW corner of the pyramid of Khufu taken by Félix Bonfils.

ID: UPM_33742

Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; view: Khufu Pyramid

Description: Khufu Pyramid, from lower house of Harvard Camp, looking E.

ID: UPM_33743

ID: UPM_33744

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; view: Harvard Camp, Khafre Pyramid, Menkaure Pyramid

Description: Harvard Camp, general view, looking SE towards Khafre Pyramid, with Menkaure Pyramid in the distance.

ID: ASU_A11_001

Subjects: Sphinx Complex: Site: Giza; View: Sphinx

Description: Sphinx, from S side looking N, with Khufu Pyramid in background

ID: ASU_A11_003

Description: Sphinx, head, from S side looking N, with Khufu Pyramid in background

ID: ASU_A11_004

Description: Sphinx, from S side looking slightly W of N, with Khufu Pyramid in background

ID: ASU_A11_009

Description: Sphinx, from Khafre Causeway, looking NW, with Khufu Pyramid in background

ID: ASU_A3_019

Subjects: Khafre Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Causeway, Sphinx

Description: Khafre Causeway, looking NW across to Sphinx, with Khufu Pyramid in the background

ID: ASU_A11_021

Description: Sphinx, from Khafre Causeway, looking slightly W of N, with Khufu Pyramid in background

ID: ASU_panorama_008

Description: Panorama: Sphinx, with Temple of Amenhetep II, Khufu Pyramid, and Khafre Pyramid in background

ID: ASU_panorama_011

Description: Panorama: Sphinx, with Temple of Amenhetep II and Khufu Pyramid in background

ID: ASU_A4_005

Subjects: Khafre Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Causeway

Description: Area along S side of Khafre Causeway, looking W, with Menkaure Pyramid (left) and Khafre Pyramid (center) in background

ID: ASU_A10_001

Subjects: Sphinx Complex: Site: Giza; View: Sphinx Temple

Description: Sphinx Temple, E face, looking NW, with Khufu Pyramid at left

ID: ASU_A10_002

Description: Sphinx Temple, E face, looking NW, with Khufu Pyramid in background

ID: ASU_A11_024

Description: Khafre Causeway, from E end, looking W toward Khafre Pyramid

ID: ASU_A11_036

Description: Sphinx, rear portion, from Khafre Causeway, looking roughly NW, with Khufu Pyramid in background

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_011

Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex, Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Western Cemetery, G 5411, G 5210, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Western Cemetery, from near SW corner of Khufu Pyramid, looking N with Khufu Pyramid at right, and G 5411 and G 5210 in background (left)

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_012

Subjects: Khafre Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid

Description: Khufu Pyramid, from SW corner, looking NE

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_013

Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex, Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Western Cemetery, G 5411, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Western Cemetery, with S face of G 5411, and Khufu Pyramid, from near SW corner of Khufu Pyramid, looking NE

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_014

Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex, Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Western Cemetery, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Western Cemetery, from near SW corner of Khufu Pyramid, closeup of ground near G 5411, looking roughly E

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_017

Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex, Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 5411, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Western Cemetery,G 5411, closeup of wall, with Khufu Pyramid in background, looking roughly NE

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_018

Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum

Description: Khufu Pyramid and Khufu Boat Museum, from SW corner of Khufu Pyramid, looking ENE

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_245

Description: Base of Khufu Pyramid, from N side looking S

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_246

Description: Base of Khufu Pyramid, closeup of ground, from N side looking S

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_247

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_248

Description: Base of Khufu Pyramid, from N side looking SSE

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_257

Description: Khufu Pyramid, from NW corner, looking SSE

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_025

Description: Khufu Pyramid and Khufu Boat Museum, from SW corner of Khufu Pyramid, looking E

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_026

Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex, Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 5210, G 5220, Khufu Pyramid

Description: G 5210, E face and chapel, with G 5220 in background and Khufu Pyramid at right, looking N

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_002

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza

Description: General view from Mena House Hotel, with Khufu Pyramid in the backgound

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_223

Subjects: Eastern Cemetery and Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Causeway, Khufu Pyramid, G I-a, G 7810

Description: Khufu Causeway area, from NE of G 7810(?) (visible at left), looking WSW towards Khufu Pyramid and G I-a, with Khafre Pyramid in background

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_224

Subjects: Eastern Cemetery and Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Causeway, Khufu Pyramid, G I-a, G I-b, G 7810

Description: Khufu Causeway area, from N of G 7810(?) (visible at far left), looking WSW towards Khufu Pyramid and G I-a and G I-b, with Khafre Pyramid in background

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_228

Subjects: Eastern Cemetery and Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: G 7413, G 7410-7420, Khufu Pyramid, G I-a, G I-b, G I-c

Description: Eastern Cemetery: G 7413, W half (midground left, with horses), G 7410-7420 (far left), Khufu Pyramid and subsidiary pyramids G I-c, G I-b, and G I-a, looking SW towards Khafre Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_261

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza

Description: Giza Plateau visitor center, with Khufu and Khafre Pyramids in background

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_266

Description: Giza Plateau entrance road, with Khufu Pyramid in background

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_267

Description: Modern security wall along N edge of plateau, from entrance road, looking SE, with Khufu Pyramid in background (right)

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_271

Description: Khufu Pyramid, from road to Mena House, looking S across modern security wall

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_272

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_273

Description: General view from area of Mena House Hotel, with Khufu Pyramid in the backgound

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_274

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_103

Description: Area to E of Khafre Valley Temple and Sphinx Temple, Egyptian excavations (2011), looking NNW, with Sphinx Temple and Khufu Pyramid in background

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_107

Subjects: Khafre Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Valley Temple

Description: Khafre Valley Temple harbor area, S ramp, closeup of blocks on N side, looking NW, with Khafre Valley Temple and Khufu Pyramid in background

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_182

Subjects: Sphinx Complex: Site: Giza; View: Sphinx Complex

Description: Cliff face to N of Sphinx, from E end, with modern wall (left) and Khafre Pyramid and Khufu Pyramid in background, looking W

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_233

Subjects: Eastern Cemetery and Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: G 7110-7120: G 7110, G 7210-7220: G 7120, G I-a, G I-b, G I-c, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Eastern Cemetery and Khufu Pyramid Complex: N faces of G 7210-7220 (far left) and G 7110-7120 (left), subsidiary pyramids G I-c, G I-b, and G I-a, and base of Khufu Pyramid (far right)

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_235

Description: Khufu Pyramid, N half of E face, from E of Farouk rest-house

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_237

Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid Temple

Description: Khufu Pyramid Temple area, looking SW towards G I-a (left) and Khufu Pyramid (right)

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_238

Description: Khufu Pyramid Temple, closeup of basalt paving, looking SW, with base of Khufu Pyramid in background

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_239

Description: Khufu Pyramid Temple, closeup of ground, looking SW, with base of Khufu Pyramid in background

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_275

Description: General view from area of Mena House Hotel, with Khufu Pyramid and Khafre Pyramid in the backgound

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_276

Description: Khufu Pyramid, from area of Mena House Hotel, looking SSE

ID: PDM_2011.01.17_281

ID: PDM_2011.01.16_001

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.16_002

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid

Description: Panorama: General view from Mena House Hotel, with Khufu Pyramid (far left) and modern security wall

ID: PDM_2011.01.16_003

Description: Khufu Pyramid, from Mena House Hotel

ID: PDM_2011.01.16_005

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_183

Description: Khafre Pyramid, NW corner, looking NE towards Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_184

Description: Khafre Pyramid, NW corner and enclosure area, looking NE towards Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_185

Subjects: Khafre Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Quarry, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Khafre Quarry, N wall, looking NNE, with edge of Khufu Pyramid (right)

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_189

Subjects: Khafre Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Quarry, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Area to N of Khafre Pyramid, including Khafre Quarry, from NW corner looking E along N face, with Khufu Pyramid at left

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_215

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid

Description: View from tourist road in far Western Cemetery, looking roughly E towards Khufu Pyramid and Khafre Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_219

Description: Helipad for former Anwar Sadat rest-house, looking E towards Khufu Pyramid and Khafre Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_221

Description: Helipad for former Anwar Sadat rest-house, looking ENE towards Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_253

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 2000, Cemetery G 1200, Cemetery G 1700, Cemetery G 1800, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Panorama: View of Cemetery G 1700 and Cemetery G 1800 (?), looking NE towards Cemetery G 1200 and G 2000, with Khufu Pyramid in the background (right)

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_312

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 2220, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Cemetery G 2100: G 2220, chapel, E wall, relief (unfinished raised relief, figures of standing couple), looking SE, with Khufu Pyramid in the background

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_314

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Cemetery en Echelon, Khufu Pyramid

Description: View from NE corner of G 2220, looking SE across Cemetery en Echelon towards Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_402

Description: Base of Khufu Pyramid, N face, looking SE

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_052

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, Menkaure Causeway

Description: Khafre Pyramid and Khufu Pyramid, looking N across Menkaure Causeway

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_190

Description: Khafre pyramid, N side, quarry enclosure wall, Ramesside graffito of May, looking NNE, with Khufu Pyramid (right)

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_193

Description: Khafre Quarry, NW corner, looking ENE towards Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_195

Subjects: Khafre Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Quarry, Khufu Pyramid, G I-South Cemetery, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c

Description: Khafre Quarry, NW corner, looking E, with Khufu Pyramid (background left), Khufu Boat Museum, part of G I-South Cemetery, and G I-c (background center)

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_197

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Western Cemetery, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Panorama: area to N of Khafre Pyramid, red dirt for new road road (2011), looking NNE towards Western Cemetery and Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_198

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, G I-South Cemetery, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c

Description: Khufu Pyramid, from near NW corner of Khafre Pyramid enclosure, looking ENE across red dirt for new road (2011), with Khufu Boat Museum, part of G I-South Cemetery, and G I-c

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_199

Description: Khufu Pyramid, from W side, looking ENE across red dirt for new road (2011), with Khufu Boat Museum, part of G I-South Cemetery, and G I-c (midground right)

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_224

Description: View from far Western Cemetery, area of helipad for former Anwar Sadat rest-house, looking E twards Khufu Pyramid and Khafre Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_226

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, G I-South Cemetery, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c, G 6050, G 6010

Description: View from helipad for former Anwar Sadat rest-house, looking ENE towards Khufu Pyramid, with G 6050 and G 6010 (foreground left), and Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c, and G I-South Cemetery (midground right)

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_227

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Western Cemetery

Description: View from helipad for former Anwar Sadat rest-house, looking NE towards Khufu Pyramid and Western Cemetery

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_257

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Cemetery G 1700, Cemetery G 1800, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Far Western Cemetery, area of Cemetery G 1700 and Cemetery G 1800, looking E towards Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_258

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Cemetery G 1700, Cemetery G 1800, Khufu Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid

Description: Far Western Cemetery, area of Cemetery G 1700 and Cemetery G 1800, looking ESE towards Khufu Pyramid and Khafre Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_259

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 1201, S 2539/2541, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Street between G 1201 and S 2539/2541, looking E towards Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_262

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 4000, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Dismantled Junker dig house and N wall of G 4000, looking E towards Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_294

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 2151, G 2150, G 2170, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Cemetery G 2100: G 2151 (abutting N end of G 2150), looking SE at N faces of G 2150 and G 2170, with Khufu Pyramid in the background

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_316

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Cemetery en Echelon, Khufu Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid

Description: Panorama: view from near NE corner of G 2220, looking SE across Cemetery en Echelon towards Khufu Pyramid and Khafre Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_317

Description: View from near NE corner of G 2220, looking E across modern buildings and N part of Cemetery en Echelon towards Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_318

Description: View from near NE corner of G 2220, looking SE across modern buildings and Cemetery en Echelon towards Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_319

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Cemetery en Echelon, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid

Description: View from NE of G 2220, looking SSE across Cemetery en Echelon towards Khafre Pyramid, with Khufu Pyramid at left

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_403

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_404

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_405

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_406

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_407

Description: Khufu Pyramid, N face, looking SSE

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_413

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Cemetery en Echelon, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Panorama: general view from N edge of Giza Plateau, looking S across Cemetery en Echelon towards Khufu Pyramid and Khafre Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_414

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Cemetery en Echelon, Khufu Pyramid

Description: General view from N edge of Giza Plateau, looking SE across Cemetery en Echelon towards Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_415

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_417

Description: View of Khufu and Khafre Pyramids through windows of Mena House Hotel

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_200

Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex and G I-South Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, G I-South Cemetery, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-b, G I-c

Description: Khufu Pyramid (left), Khufu Boat Museum, G I-b, G I-c, and G I-South Cemetery, from W side looking E

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_032

Subjects: Menkaure Quarry Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: MQ 121, MQ 130, MQ 101(?), MQ 132, MQ 133, MQ 102, MQ 500, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Menkaure Quarry Cemetery, including (from left to right) entrances to MQ 121 and MQ 130, MQ 101(?) (in terrace above MQ 130), MQ 132, MQ 133 (under sand heap), MQ 102, and MQ 500, looking N towards Khafre and Khufu Pyramids

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_033

Subjects: Menkaure Quarry Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: MQ 123, MQ 124, MQ 105, MQ 120, MQ 134, MQ 121, MQ 130, MQ 101(?), MQ 131, MQ 132, MQ 133, MQ 102, MQ 500, MQ 502, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Menkaure Quarry Cemetery, including (from left to right) edge of MQ 123, entrance to MQ 124, MQ 105, MQ 120, MQ 134, entrances to MQ 121 and MQ 130, MQ 101(?) (in terrace above MQ 130), MQ 131 (shafts only, in front of MQ 121 and MQ 130), MQ 132, MQ 133 (under sand heap), MQ 102, MQ 500, and MQ 502, looking N towards Khafre Pyramid and Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_100

Subjects: Menkaure Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Menkaure Pyramid Temple, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Menkaure Pyramid Temple, courtyard, looking NE towards Khafre Pyramid, with Khufu Pyramid in the background

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_201

Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c

Description: Khufu Pyramid, from on new red dirt road (2011), looking E, with Khufu Boat Museum and G I-c (midground center)

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_202

Description: New red dirt road (2011), looking E towards Khufu Pyramid (left), G I-b, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c, and G I-South Cemetery (midground, center to right)

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_205

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, G 80, G 6027, G 6028, G 6050, G 6020, G 6010, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-South Cemetery, G I-c

Description: Khufu Pyramid, W face, with southern edge of the Western Cemetery, including G 80(?) G 6027, G 6028, G 6050, G 6020, and G 6010 (midground left) and Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c, and G I-S Cemetery (midground right)

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_206

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, G 80, G 6027, G 6028, G 6050, G 6040, G 6020, G 6010, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-South Cemetery, G I-c

Description: Khufu Pyramid, W face, with southern edge of the Western Cemetery, including G 80(?) G 6027, G 6028, G 6050, G 6040, G 6020, and G 6010 (midground left) and Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c, and G I-S Cemetery (midground right)

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_234

Description: View from W of helipad for former Anwar Sadat rest-house, looking E towards Khufu Pyramid and Khafre Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_239

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Western Cemetery, G 2000, Khufu Pyramid

Description: View from far western edge of Western Cemetery, including G 2000 (large mastaba, midground center), looking E towards Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_240

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Western Cemetery, G 2000, G 30, Khufu Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid

Description: View from far western edge of Western Cemetery, including G 2000 (large mastaba, midground left) and unexcavated mastaba G 30 (midground, right of center) looking E towards Khufu Pyramid, with Khafre Pyramid at right

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_241

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: Western Cemetery, G 30, Khufu Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid

Description: View from far western edge of Western Cemetery, including unexcavated mastaba G 30 (midground, center) looking ESE towards Khufu Pyramid and Khafre Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_270

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 4150, G 4160, Cemetery G 4000, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Cemetery G 4000: View from between G G 4150 and G 4160, looking E towards Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_298

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 2152, G 2153, G 2138, G 2156', Khufu Pyramid

Description: Cemetery G 2100 (area between G 2220 and G 2150): area of G 2152 and G 2153, with S walls of G 2138 and G 2156' (left) and corner of G 2151 (foreground, far right), looking E towards Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_372

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 2353, G 2360, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Cemetery G 2300: G 2353, Herunefer, chapel entrance, with relif on E door jamb (Herunefer, his wife Nedjetpet, and his eldest son Khufuhetep depicted), looking SE at NW corner of G 2360, with Khufu Pyramid in the background

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_026

Subjects: Menkaure Quarry Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: MQ 136, MQ 106, MQ 123, MQ 105, MQ 120, MQ 134, MQ 121, MQ 130, MQ 101(?), MQ 131, MQ 132, Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Menkaure Quarry Cemetery, including edge of MQ 136 (far left), MQ 106 and MQ 123 (from left to center), MQ 105, MQ 120, and MQ 134 (from center to foreground right), entrances to MQ 121 and MQ 130 (midground right), MQ 101(?) (in terrace above entrance to MQ 130), MQ 131 (shafts only, in front of MQ 121 and MQ 130), and rear wall of MQ 132 (far right), looking N, with Menkaure, Khafre, and Khufu Pyramids in the background

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_027

Subjects: Menkaure Quarry Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: MQ 123, MQ 105, MQ 120, MQ 134, MQ 121, MQ 130, MQ 101, MQ 131, MQ 132, MQ 133, MQ 102, MQ 500, MQ 502, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Menkaure Quarry Cemetery, including MQ 123 (left), MQ 105, MQ 120, and MQ 134 ( from left to center), entrances to MQ 121 and MQ 130 (center), MQ 101(?) (in terrace above MQ 130), MQ 131 (shafts only, in front of MQ 121 and MQ 130), rear wall of MQ 132 (adjacent to entrance to MQ 130), MQ 133 (under sand heap), MQ 102 (right), MQ 500 and MQ 502 (far right), looking N towards Khafre Pyramid and Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.18_029

Subjects: Menkaure Quarry Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: MQ 136, MQ 106, MQ 105, MQ 120, MQ 121, MQ 130, MQ 101(?), MQ 131, MQ 132, MQ 133, MQ 102, MQ 500, MQ 502, Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Panorama: Menkaure Quarry Cemetery, including (from left to right) MQ 136, MQ 106, MQ 105, MQ 120, entrances to MQ 121 and MQ 130, MQ 101(?) (in terrace above entrance to MQ 130), MQ 131 (shafts only, in front of MQ 121 and MQ 130), MQ 132, MQ 133 (under sand heap), MQ 102, MQ 500, and MQ 502, looking N, with Menkaure, Khafre, and Khufu Pyramids in the background

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_001

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Central Field, Sphinx, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid

Description: General view of Giza Plateau from near NE corner of modern Muslim Cemetery, looking NW across Central Field and Sphinx towards Khafre Pyramid and Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_037

Subjects: Menkaure Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Menkaure Valley Temple, G 8400, Khufu Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Muslim Cemetery

Description: S of Menkaure Valley Temple Ante-town area, ongoing excavations (2011), looking N along security wall for Muslim cemetery towards G 8400 and Central Field, with Khufu Pyramid and Khafre Pyramid in the background

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_107

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, Muslim Cemetery

Description: View from just W of Southern Mount, looking NW across security wall for Muslim cemetery towards Khafre Pyramid and Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_110

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, Muslim Cemetery

Description: View from just W of Southern Mount, looking NW across security wall for Muslim cemetery towards Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, and Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_113

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, Muslim Cemetery

Description: View from just W of Southern Mount, looking W across security wall for Muslim cemetery towards Menkaure Pyramid and Khafre Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_179

Subjects: Central Field (Hassan): Site: Giza; View: Central Field, Khufu Pyramid

Description: General view of Central Field, looking NNW towards Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_180

Subjects: Central Field (Hassan): Site: Giza; View: Central Field, Khufu Pyramid, G I-c

Description: General view of Central Field, looking N towards Khufu Pyramid and G I-c

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_182

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Southern Mount, Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, G 8400, Central Field

Description: Panorama: view from on top of Southern Mount, looking NW across Muslim Cemetery towards Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, G 8400, and Central Field

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_383

Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-South Cemetery

Description: Khufu Pyramid, S face, with G I-South Cemetery and Khufu Boat Museum, looking N

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_384

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_385

Description: Khufu Pyramid, S face, with part of G I-South Cemetery and Khufu Boat Museum, looking NNE

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_388

Description: SW of Khufu Pyramid, looking NNE at red dirt for tourist road and W face of Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_487

Description: Near NE corner of Khufu Pyramid, closeup of ground, looking ?

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_488

Description: Khufu Pyramid, N side, looking W

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_489

Description: Khufu Pyramid, N side, closeup of ground, looking W

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_490

Description: Khufu Pyramid, N side, closeup of ground, looking ?

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_491

Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Cemetery en Echelon

Description: N of Khufu Pyramid, looking WNW, with edge of Cemetery en Echelon

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_005

Subjects: Khufu Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Sphinx, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c, G I-b

Description: Khufu Pyramid, SE corner, looking NW, with Sphinx, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c, and G I-b

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_006

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum, Sphinx, Khafre Valley Temple, G I-c

Description: General view from near NE corner of modern Muslim Cemetery, looking N, with Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum, Sphinx, Khafre Valley Temple, and G I-c

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_011

Subjects: Central Field (Hassan): Site: Giza; View: G 8960, Khufu Pyramid, Sphinx, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c, G I-b

Description: Central Field, including G 8960 (midground center), looking NW towards Sphinx, Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c, and G I-b

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_119

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_120

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Southern Mount, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Southern Mount, from SW corner looking N towards Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_228

Subjects: South Giza administrative area (Lehner): Site: Giza; View: South Giza, Muslim Cemetery, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid

Description: View from N side of Heit el-Ghorab (Wall of the Crow), looking NW across Muslim Cemetery towards Khafre Pyramid and Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_389

Description: SW of Khufu Pyramid, looking NE at red dirt for tourist road, G I-South Cemetery, Khufu Boat Museum, and S face of Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_329

Subjects: Central Field (Hassan): Site: Giza; View: G 8064, G 8070, G 8066, G 8080, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Central Field, tombs along W cliff face, including G 8064 (foreground), entrance to G 8070 (not clearly visible in cliff face to N of G 8064), G 8066 (midground, with modern security door), and G 8080, looking N towards Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_344

Subjects: Central Field (Hassan): Site: Giza; View: G 8130, Khufu Pyramid

Description: G 8130, columns on E side, looking N towards Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_201

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Muslim Cemetery, Central Field, Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum, G I-c

Description: View from E of Southern Mount, looking NW across Muslim Cemetery and Central Field towards Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum, and G I-c

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_345

Description: G 8130, columns on E side and inscribed block in sand, looking N towards Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_479

Description: General view from NE of G 2220, looking SE across Cemetery en Echelon towards Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_481

Description: Khufu Pyramid, NE corner, looking SW

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_018

Subjects: Central Field (Hassan): Site: Giza; View: Khentkaus Town, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Khentkaus Town area, ongoing excavations (2011), looking NW across Central Field tombs towards Khafre Pyramid and Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_138

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Southern Mount, Khafre Pyramid, Central Field, Khufu Pyramid, Muslim Cemetery

Description: View from on top of Southern Mount, looking NW across Muslim Cemetery towards Khafre Pyramid, Central Field, and Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_140

Description: On top of Southern Mount, looking N towards Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_260

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Khufu Pyramid, Khufu Boat Museum

Description: General view from southern edge of Giza Plateau, looking N at Khufu Pyramid and Khufu Boat Museum

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_261

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_145

Subjects: Central Field (Hassan): Site: Giza; View: Central Field, G 8400, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Central Field, area to N and E of G 8400 (midground, far left), looking NNW towards Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_031

Subjects: Menkaure Pyramid Complex: Site: Giza; View: Menkaure Valley Temple, G 8400, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Panorama: Menkaure Valley Temple Ante-town area, ongoing excavations (2011), looking NW towards G 8400, Khafre Pyramid, and Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_069

Description: Menkaure Valley Temple Ante-town, area W of Vestibule 2 (= room 202 on Hassan plan, 1943), looking NW towards G 8400, Khafre Pyramid, and Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_149

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_154

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Southern Mount, Khafre Pyramid, Central Field, Khufu Pyramid, Muslim Cemetery, Eastern Cemetery

Description: General view from on top of Southern Mount, looking roughly NNW towards Muslim Cemetery and Central Field, with Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, and Eastern Cemetery in the background

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_156

Description: View from on top of Southern Mount, looking NW towards Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, G 8400, and Central Field

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_271

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_175

Description: Khufu Pyramid, S face, looking NNW across Central Field

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_482

Description: Base of Khufu Pyramid, NE corner, looking SW

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_158

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Southern Mount, Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, G 8400, Central Field, Muslim Cemetery

Description: View from on top of Southern Mount, looking NW towards Muslim Cemetery, Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, G 8400, and Central Field (with Andreas Laake)

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_483

Description: Base of Khufu Pyramid, NE corner, closeup, looking SW

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_484

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_485

Description: Base of Khufu Pyramid, NE corner, closeup of ground, looking ?

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_159

Description: View from on top of Southern Mount, looking NW towards Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, G 8400, and Central Field (with Andreas Laake)

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_160

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_161

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_162

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_163

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Southern Mount, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, G 8400, Central Field, Muslim Cemetery

Description: View from on top of Southern Mount, looking NNW towards Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, G 8400, Central Field, and Muslim Cemetery (with Peter Der Manuelian)

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_164

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Southern Mount, Khufu Pyramid, Central Field, Muslim Cemetery

Description: View from on top of Southern Mount, looking N towards Muslim Cemetery, Central Field, and Khufu Pyramid (with Peter Der Manuelian)

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_165

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_300

Subjects: Menkaure Quarry Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: MQ 102, MQ 500, MQ 502, Khufu Pyramid, G I-c

Description: Eastern end of Menkaure Quarry Cemetery, including MQ 102, MQ 500, and MQ 502, looking NE towards Khufu Pyramid and G I-c

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_302

Description: Menkaure Pyramid Temple, from S side looking N towards Khafre Pyramid and Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_454

Subjects: Western Cemetery: Site: Giza; View: G 2110, G 2100, Khufu Pyramid

Description: On top of G 2000, looking ESE at G 2110, G 2100, and Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_036

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_092

Description: General view of Central Field, including G 8400, from S side looking N towards Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_171

Description: View from on top of Southern Mount, looking NW across Muslim Cemetery towards Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, Khufu Pyramid, G 8400, and Central Field

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_172

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_096

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Pyramid, G 8400, Khufu Pyramid

Description: View from SW corner of Muslim Cemetery, looking NW towards Khafre Pyramid, G 8400, and Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_097

Subjects: General View: Site: Giza; View: Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, G 8400, Khufu Pyramid

Description: Panorama: view from SW corner of Muslim Cemetery, looking NW towards Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, G 8400, and Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_098

Description: View from SW corner of Muslim Cemetery, looking NW towards Menkaure Pyramid, Khafre Pyramid, G 8400, and Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_100

Subjects: General view: Site: Giza; View: Khafre Pyramid, G 8400, Khufu Pyramid

Description: View from SW corner of Muslim Cemetery, looking NNW towards Khafre Pyramid, G 8400, and Khufu Pyramid

ID: PDM_2011.01.19_101

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• Heather ONeill [email protected] ×
• Nicholas Picardo [email protected] ×
• Luke Hollis [email protected] ×

Name your new collection:

• Cole Test Collection - Tomb Chapels and Shafts
• GPH Test Collection 1
• Hello World
• http://www.pypi.org/
• 1'2"3
• a'b"c'd"
• /..//..//..//..//..//..//..//..//..//..//..//..//..//..//../etc/passwd
• ../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd
• file:///etc/passwd
• /etc/passwd
• /..//..//..//..//..//..//..//..//..//..//..//..//..//..//../boot.ini
• ../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../boot.ini
• C:\boot.ini
• file:///C:/boot.ini
• file:///C:/win.ini
• %SYSTEMROOT%\win.ini
• /bin/cat /etc/passwd
• type %SYSTEMROOT%\win.ini
• &&/bin/cat /etc/passwd
• &&type %SYSTEMROOT%\win.ini
• |/bin/cat /etc/passwd
• |type %SYSTEMROOT%\win.ini
• ;/bin/cat /etc/passwd
• ;type %SYSTEMROOT%\win.ini
• `/bin/cat /etc/passwd`
• Hello Worldtype %SYSTEMROOT%\win.ini
• Hello World&&type %SYSTEMROOT%\win.ini
• Hello World&&/bin/cat /etc/passwd
• run type %SYSTEMROOT%\win.ini
• Hello World/bin/cat /etc/passwd
• Hello World|/bin/cat /etc/passwd
• Hello World|type %SYSTEMROOT%\win.ini
• Hello World;/bin/cat /etc/passwd
• Hello World type %SYSTEMROOT%\win.ini
• Hello Worldrun type %SYSTEMROOT%\win.ini
• Hello World /bin/cat /etc/passwd
• Hello World`/bin/cat /etc/passwd`
• Hello World;type %SYSTEMROOT%\win.ini
• Tombs & Monuments
• Sphinx Complex
• 01-Present location
• Architectural element
• 02-Category
• 05-Material
• 06-Technique
• 07-State of preservation
• 08-Description
• Selected (2)

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