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Commuting allowance

As university employee you are entitled to an allowance for the cost of travelling to work if you live more than 10 kilometers from work. The amount of your travel allowance depends on the number of kilometers and the travel days you have filled in the timetable in the Service Portal. If you relocate, your commuting allowance is recalculated and adjusted if necessary.

From 2022, you will be paid a fixed allowance for days on which you travel to your workplace. This compensation will be based on the travel days you enter in the travel schedule on the Serviceplein. You can change your registration of working days and days in Leiden or The Hague, yourself via the Serviceplein .

If you live within a radius of 10 km from your work and you travel to your place of work on an incidental basis:

• You are not entitled to a commuting allowance.
• From 1 February 2021 you may claim the allowance for the travel days that you filled out in the timetable at the Service Portal via the Terms of Employment Individual Choices Model.

If you live more than 10 km from your work and you travel to your place of work on an incidental basis:

• You are entitled to a commuting allowance. You can fill in your travel days in your timetable at the Service Portal. 
• You may also request a supplementary allowance via the Terms of Employment Individual Choices Model.

What happens if you fall under the guarantee scheme or alternative written arrangements have been made with you?

• If you fall under the guarantee scheme for commuting costs, or
• If alternative written arrangements have been made with you,

There will be no change and you will continue to receive this allowance. You will see this on your salary slip. But you do need to fill in your travel days in the timetable in the Service Portal. You can request a supplementary allowance via the Terms of Employment Individual Choices Model. 

Are you a student assistant or a student on placement? If you are a student assistant or a student on placement and you have a student OV-chipweekkaart , you are not eligible for an allowance.

There is no change in the amount of the commuting allowance. The rules are as follows:

• There is no allowance for the first 10 km.
• Above this, you receive € 0.07 per km up to a maximum of € 45 net per month.
• You can claim travel costs up to three months after the date that the costs were incurred.
• You arrange the commuting allowance by filling in your travel days in the Service Portal. 

The allowance will be paid separately from your salary, along with any other expense claims.   For the days that you do not travel and therefore work from home, you are entitled to a home-working allowance. You can read whether you are entitled to this allowance and how to apply for it on the page Home-working allowance . You are not entitled to both a travel allowance and a home-working allowance for the same day. If you work both from home and on location on the same day, you will receive only one of the two allowances. 

You fill in your number of travel days in the timetable in the Service Portal. To fill in the timetable, follow the step-by-step plan of the PSSC , which you can find in the Helpdesk portal. 

If you have not worked for a month due to complete illness or work disability or complete special leave, the travel allowance will automatically stop at the end of this month. The internet allowance and home-working allowance will also be stopped. If you are no longer fully ill/fit to work, the allowances will restart automatically. 

When the new commuting allowance regulations were implemented in 2015, it was decided that employees should not receive a lower commuting allowance than they would have been entitled to in the 2005 regulations. If you fall under the guarantee scheme for commuting costs, t here will be no change and you will continue to receive this allowance. You will see this on your salary slip.  The guarantee scheme only expires if:

• you move from salary scale 5 or lower to salary scale 6 or higher; 
• you have successive temporary contracts that together amount to longer than 3 years; 
• your home address changes; 
• your work address changes; 
• your average number of commuting days per week changes.

Opting for the kilometre allowance via the Terms of Employment Individual Choices Model gives you a tax advantage. How? The system calculates the number of commuting kilometres based on an average of the travel days you entered in the Service Portal timetable , and multiplies this by € 0.23 . The system reduces your gross salary by the amount calculated, so that you pay less income tax. The system then adds the same amount to your net salary (the gross amount becomes a net amount). If you have already received a commuting allowance, this amount will be deducted from the tax allowance.

A change of your work location should be notified to PSSC via the Service Portal. For instruction please read this Knowledge Item .

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• COMFORT ROOM         EUR 116,00      incl breakfast (excl tourist tax)
• SUPERIOR ROOM         EUR 126,00      incl breakfast (excl tourist tax) Reservations can be made by telephone at +31 53 4331366  or by  email ,  not later than the 3th of September 2024. After this date booking is by availability. When booking, mention the booking code "GA000981". The hotel is situated on campus and provides easy access to the conference events

You can find a detailed description of how to come to the University of Twente by train (see link NS planner below) and a campus map of the

  University of Twente .

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The impact of COVID-19 on teleworking and commuting behavior—A literature review

• Transport Engineering and Management
• Transport Planning
• Digital Society Institute

Research output : Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter › Academic

Teleworking increased tremendously during the peaks of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. This period opened new research opportunities for scientists to improve their understanding of teleworking and its relationship with travel behavior. This chapter provides a literature review to explore whether the determinants that explain teleworking and commuting behavior have changed during the pandemic and what this means for future policy. Literature on teleworking in the period before COVID-19 shows that job sector and job function are the most dominant factors in explaining the probability of workers to telework. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the probability of teleworking increased especially among office workers, contributing to a drastic decrease in the number of commuting trips and distance traveled. The literature review shows that employer's policies and employees’ experiences during the pandemic were two key factors that influenced the increase in teleworking. Although most studies found that most employees intend to telework more often after COVID-19 compared to the period before COVID-19, more research on the structural and long-term effects is needed. This provides a better insight into the relationship between teleworking and commuting behavior, and more realistic estimations of the impact on the number of commuting and non-commuting trips, substitution effects and changes in mode choice for commuting.

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This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

• 10.1016/bs.atpp.2023.07.004

Fingerprint

• Literature Reviews Social Sciences 100%
• COVID-19 Social Sciences 100%
• Behavior Psychology 100%
• Job Psychology 66%
• Research Psychology 66%
• Probability Social Sciences 50%
• Policy Social Sciences 50%
• Employees Social Sciences 50%

T1 - The impact of COVID-19 on teleworking and commuting behavior—A literature review

AU - Olde kalter, Marie-josé

AU - Geurs, Karst T.

AU - Wismans, Luc

PY - 2023/7/18

Y1 - 2023/7/18

N2 - Teleworking increased tremendously during the peaks of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. This period opened new research opportunities for scientists to improve their understanding of teleworking and its relationship with travel behavior. This chapter provides a literature review to explore whether the determinants that explain teleworking and commuting behavior have changed during the pandemic and what this means for future policy. Literature on teleworking in the period before COVID-19 shows that job sector and job function are the most dominant factors in explaining the probability of workers to telework. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the probability of teleworking increased especially among office workers, contributing to a drastic decrease in the number of commuting trips and distance traveled. The literature review shows that employer's policies and employees’ experiences during the pandemic were two key factors that influenced the increase in teleworking. Although most studies found that most employees intend to telework more often after COVID-19 compared to the period before COVID-19, more research on the structural and long-term effects is needed. This provides a better insight into the relationship between teleworking and commuting behavior, and more realistic estimations of the impact on the number of commuting and non-commuting trips, substitution effects and changes in mode choice for commuting.

AB - Teleworking increased tremendously during the peaks of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. This period opened new research opportunities for scientists to improve their understanding of teleworking and its relationship with travel behavior. This chapter provides a literature review to explore whether the determinants that explain teleworking and commuting behavior have changed during the pandemic and what this means for future policy. Literature on teleworking in the period before COVID-19 shows that job sector and job function are the most dominant factors in explaining the probability of workers to telework. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the probability of teleworking increased especially among office workers, contributing to a drastic decrease in the number of commuting trips and distance traveled. The literature review shows that employer's policies and employees’ experiences during the pandemic were two key factors that influenced the increase in teleworking. Although most studies found that most employees intend to telework more often after COVID-19 compared to the period before COVID-19, more research on the structural and long-term effects is needed. This provides a better insight into the relationship between teleworking and commuting behavior, and more realistic estimations of the impact on the number of commuting and non-commuting trips, substitution effects and changes in mode choice for commuting.

U2 - 10.1016/bs.atpp.2023.07.004

DO - 10.1016/bs.atpp.2023.07.004

M3 - Chapter

T3 - Advances in Transport Policy and Planning

BT - Advances in Transport Policy and Planning

A2 - Mokhtarian, Patricia

A2 - Choo, Sangho

A2 - Van Acker, Veronique

PB - Elsevier

'Super commuters' travel thousands of kilometres just to get to work, often drawn by big financial incentives

Murwillumbah cargo pilot Petr Pelikan landed his dream job delivering goods around the world, but it comes at a cost: a 22-hour commute to clock on for work.

"It's about a 15,000-kilometre commute from Brisbane to Alaska," he said.

The 48-year-old said there was "never a dull day" working as an Atlas Air pilot on a Boeing 747, carrying about 100 tonnes of cargo.

"We move anything from lithium batteries to live pigs," he said.

"One day I can be in Kazakhstan, the next day in Korea."

Researchers estimate there are up to 400,000 "super commuters" in Australia who travel extreme distances, including overseas, for dream jobs or high-paying work.

Mr Pelikan's work cycle means he returns home to northern New South Wales to his wife and two teenage children every 16 days.

"The biggest challenge is being away from my family for two weeks," he said.

"Missing soccer training with my kids, missing my wife."

Perth tradie opts for FIFO to Antarctica

Connor Gordon moved out of his share house, shut down his small carpentry business and swapped a commute over the Swan River for Casey Station, Antarctica, some 4,000km from home.

"I look at it like FIFO [fly-in fly-out] but with longer swings, so I can come away for a year, but then I can have a year off," he said.

"I can go travelling, really enjoy my life and then come back to Casey for another year."

The 31-year-old works as a carpenter for the Australian Antarctic Division, where his day-to-day work involves station maintenance — keeping the lights on and water flowing.

Doing so means he has to brace Antarctic wind chills and -30 degrees Celsius weather. 

"Jobs can take a lot longer to complete than usual, we've got to clear snow and there are so many little things that slow you down," he said.

Despite the climatic challenges, beautiful sunsets and living near a colony of Adelie penguins make work much more enjoyable.

"They are quite curious and not scared of us at all," he said.

"They see a big person walking around and come up to inspect what we're doing." 

But it is not all penguins and sunset photography. 

There are only 31 staff stationed at Casey for eight months of the year, with little opportunity to escape. 

"We are living and working with the same people, so if there are any relationships that turn sour, it can affect the whole community," he said.

"Maybe you don't get along with someone at work, then you go to dinner and you are sitting next to them, you go to watch a movie at the cinema room and you are sitting next to them. 

"It's very hard to get away."

'Blackhole' for data of Australia's mega-commuting workers

David Bissell, a professor of human geography from Melbourne University, has led research into the social impact of mobile workers who commute long distances.

"What we found in our study is a whole lot of quite negative impacts that come from these super commutes too, especially when one household member is working away for weeks or months at a time," he said.

"Quite a few of the people we talked to said this work was emotionally unstable because of the strain it puts on people's relationships."

Professor Bissell said census data captured in 2016 and 2021 showed there were between 240,000 and 320,000 mega commuters who travelled more than 250km to get to work.

But he said it overlooked a lot of workers who did not travel on census day and he said a conservative estimate would be closer to 400,000. 

"There would be a large number of ultra commuters doing very long journeys that fall under the radar of the official census figures because they only commute once a fortnight or once a month," he said. 

"The numbers we are getting are a very conservative estimate.

"If we think about the number of people who are impacted by mobile workers, so households and children, those affected by super commuters and ultra commuters is a very sizeable population."

KPMG urban economist Terry Rawnsley said data showed about 20 per cent of long commuters were in the resources sector, predominantly fly-in fly-out or drive-in drive-out workers.

But the remainder were employed across a range of industries.

"Mobile workers might be flight attendants, sales representatives, people who have to go long distances for work, a diverse range of industries," he said. 

"We know it's male-dominated."

Since 2016, data is no longer collected on whether overseas travel was for work-related purposes.

"There's not a real sense of whether it is a one-off work trip or you are living in Bali and commuting to the Pilbara," he said.

"Or living in North Queensland and commuting to Papua New Guinea for work in the mining industry.

"We don't have a real strong sense about that, but obviously lots of personal stories about people making these mega commutes across the country."

What the data does show is the financial incentive.

"At that top end, those travelling long distances in the mining sector might be pulling in $150,000 to more than $200,000 in income," he said. 

"If you are on $250,000 you can justify those very long commutes and the sacrifices you have to make from getting [from] your front door to your workplace."

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Is Driving Cheaper Than An Amtrak Commuter Train?

• Amtrak competes with commuter lines, offering price-competitive services and additional perks like onboard cafes and Business Class upgrades.
• Driving is typically cheaper than commuting on Amtrak, but factors like parking fees and time spent in traffic should be considered.
• Time spent on trains can be more productive and relaxing, allowing for activities like napping, work, and reading.

Amtrak is America's national inter-city rail service; it serves 46 states and three Canadian provinces. Amtrak has both long-distance train offerings and commuter lines, not to menton bucket list-worthy trips across the country . The question for commuters is, on Amtrak's shorter routes, is it cheaper to take an Amtrak commuter train or to drive?

The answer is somewhat complicated, but it can be argued that commuting on the Amtrak train is either cheaper or just overall more beneficial. Here's what to know about how convenience, costs, and more add up between train trips and commuting in a car.

UPDATE: 2024/06/27 22:49 EST BY ERYNN RUIZ

Amtrak For Commuters: Is Driving Cheaper Than The Train?

It turns out Amtrak might not be the cheapest option for commuting, but there are some perks to taking the train versus driving. This feature has been updated with current information on pricing, more details on routes, and more.

Amtrak Competes With Commuter Lines

Amtrak is primarily an inter-city service, but some lines can be used for commuting.

Amtrak can often be price competitive in areas where Amtrak offers similar services to city trains. For example, in the Los Angeles region, Amtrak's trains are more or less price-competitive with Metrolink , Los Angeles's dedicated commuter train network.

Where Amtrak overlaps with commuter trains, one benefit is that it can often offer increased services. For example, an onboard café and the option to upgrade to Business Class comes with Amtrak (along with a host of other benefits). You can also pick the best seats with the most scenic views to further enjoy the commute.

Passengers can also save themselves some time by making sure the trains are on time by using the Amtrak tracker map .

10 California Cities That Are Worth Visiting Along The Metrolink Train Line

Hop on the Metrolink and check out some of the most beautiful gems in the Golden State.

Driving Is Typically Cheaper Than Commuting On An Amtrak Train

Amtrak fares are typically much more than the cost of gas, but there are other costs to consider.

The cons and pros of Amtrak over driving vary from place to place and from time to time. For example, cars get stuck in peak-hour traffic while trains do not. A train station within walking distance can save on parking fees, whereas parking downtown can be very expensive.

Benefits Of Commuting With Amtrak:

• More relaxing
• Potentially eliminating parking fees
• Bypassing peak hour traffic
• Potential to productively utilize time
• Environmentally friendly

The cost of an Amtrak ride from Los Angeles Union Station to Santa Fe Depot in San Diego is approximately $36 for Coach Class and $55 for Business Class (round trip). By road, that is a distance of 120 miles.

A car can be expected to get around 25 miles per gallon and in June 2024, the cost of gasoline in California was $4.80. To drive the same route (and only for gasoline) it will cost around $23, meaning it is cheaper to drive. Even a car that only gets 15 MPG is about on par with the price of an Amtrak ticket at around $39 for gas.

• Monthly Parking: $65 to Over $300 in Los Angeles

But one of the hidden costs is parking (assuming commuters can get to the train station without parking their car). It costs anywhere from $0.50 to $6 per hour for metered street parking in Los Angeles and daily rates can reach as high as $40 to $60.

Cost LAX to Santa Fe Deport, San Diego:

• Amtrak: From $36 Coach Class
• Driving: Approx. $23 (gasoline only)

As a rule of thumb, if the roads are clear, then it is likely to be faster to drive than take the train (especially considering passengers need to transfer from their homes to the train station).

For example, from Los Angeles Union Station to Santa Fe Depot by Amtrak's scenic Pacific Surfliner takes 2 hours and 54 minutes and to drive it takes about 1 hour and 52 minutes (assuming no traffic).

LA To NYC: How Much This 17-Day Amtrak Train Trip Costs

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Time On Trains Is Less Stressful (And More Productive) Than Driving

It is easier to make time spent on trains more productive than driving.

Trains — especially Amtrak's comfortable long-distance designed trains — are typically more relaxing than driving. Those driving need to be awake and concentrate on driving. Drivers can't do anything other than drive, and listen to music or podcasts and take Bluetooth phone calls.

Productive Use Of Time On Trains:

• Answering work calls
• Work/emails

The time spent on trains can be productive. Passengers can have the option of catching a needed nap on the train. Sleep can be viewed as a productive use of time, with travelers arriving at work refreshed after getting up early in the morning being very beneficial.

Alternatively, passengers can work, take calls, and read on the train. Depending on their job, passengers on Amtrak trains can answer emails and catch up with the day's work before even getting to the office.

How useful or relevant this is, varies widely from person to person (and may not exist at all for many people). But it is possible for someone commuting from San Diego to Los Angeles to gain a couple of potentially productive hours a day by taking the train — and the cost can be similar once parking is accounted for.

Is it cheaper or easier for you to commute via train than by car? Tell us about your commute in the comments!

University of Twente Student Theses

Assessing the impact of bridge closure due to renovations on tram users’ inconvenience in amsterdam : a quantitative study..

Christodoulou, Maximos (2024) Assessing the impact of bridge closure due to renovations on tram users’ inconvenience in Amsterdam : A quantitative study.

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A whale in Boston Harbor could slow down your MBTA ferry commute. What to know

MBTA ferry commuters could experience delays heading to Boston today, but not for the reason you might think.

A juvenile humpback whale in Boston Harbor is causing delays on the Lynn, Hingham/Hull and Winthrop/Quincy ferries, the MBTA said Wednesday.

The delays are expected to last until Thursday, the agency said.

The MBTA announcement comes amid a busy summer of whale watching in the region. A humpback whale has been seen breaching in Boston Harbor and Dorchester Bay recently, and one crashed into a boat in New Hampshire last month.

Here's what to know about the ferry delays today.

Why is a whale causing delays for the MBTA ferry?

A juvenile humpback whale in Boston Harbor could cause delays on the MBTA ferry through Thursday, the agency said.

The setbacks are because of federal regulations that require boats to travel at 10 knots (about 11.5 miles per hour) or less in the vicinity of whales, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration .

Ferries travel on average 13.5 knots (about 15.5 mph) but can go as fast as 36 knots (about 40 mph), according to data from the U.S. Department of Transportation ,

When does the MBTA expect ferry delays to end?

The MBTA said it expects delays to continue through Thursday.

Humpback whales generally spend the spring, summer and early fall months feeding in the North Atlantic Ocean before migrating south for the winter, according to NOAA .

More: A whale species not seen in MA waters for 20 years has been spotted twice. What to know

What kind of whales are in Boston Harbor?

Humpback whales aren't the only ones found in Boston Harbor and throughout New England during this time of year.

Some other species in the area include finback, minke and North Atlantic right whales.