history of tourism in costa rica

An Abridged History of Costa Rica’s Vibrant Tourism

Have you ever wondered how the relatively small country of Costa Rica became the most visited nation in Central America? We at Casa Teresa are going to take a dip into Costa Rica’s history to answer that question while exploring the origins of its tourism industry and the story of how it became the fantastic travel destination it is today.

Why Is Costa Rica Special?

Costa Rica was uniquely suited for tourism from the get-go. Before we get into the backstory, let’s detail the factors that set Costa Rica tourism apart from other Central American nations:

• Incredible Biodiversity: Costa Rica is tiny, but it accounts for around 5% of the world’s biodiversity due to its unique geographical position and climate.
• Natural Beauty: Lush rainforests, sandy beaches, idyllic waterfalls, and much more.
• Convenient Location: Central even for Central America, Costa Rica is a hub for international tourists.
• Safety First: Costa Rica is widely known as the safest country in Central America for tourists and residents alike.
• Mild Climate. Not too hot, not too cold. The steady year-round temperatures make the climate suitable for visitors year-round.

All these factors make up the perfect recipe for a tourist wonderland. Now, let’s discover the Costa Rican history that brought all these factors together to create such a critical national industry.

National Parks and SINAC

The thriving ecotourism industry can be traced back to a singular point in Costa Rica’s history: the foundation of the national park system.

A rapidly increasing population in the 1960s meant that forests were being cut down for farmland at a phenomenal rate. To give you a sense of scale for how extreme the deforestation was, here’s a statistic : while forests originally covered 99.8 percent of the country, by 1981, they only covered 31 percent. The government realized early on that their land use methods were not sustainable.

In an effort to slow this rapid deforestation, and as a response to huge public demand, a National Park Service was established in 1970, with the mission to conserve the natural areas of Costa Rica. The establishment of national parks is arguably the single most important moment for Costa Rican tourism, as the vast and well-protected parks became its primary competitive advantage over nearby nations.

Another major moment in Costa Rica history was the establishment of SINAC (Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación, or the National System of Conservation Areas) in 1998. Their mission is to manage the conservation of sensitive wildlife, resources, water and land use, and protected areas like national parks. Today, SINAC protects and oversees a vast amount of land—over a quarter of Costa Rica’s spectacular landscape.

A Progressive Leader In Environmental Policies

Throughout Costa Rican history, the government has placed significant emphasis on strong environmental policies. According to their Embassy in Washington D.C., they’ve signed forty-five international environmental treaties and a number of regulatory bodies, all of which protect the delicate environment closely.

In the 1980s, as a result of the surging international interest in the beaches and national parks, Costa Rican tourism boomed—and it hasn’t stopped since. The rapid increase in international popularity brought about a whole host of new programs, policies, and governing bodies established to help protect the delicate ecosystem under an influx of visitors.

In 1996, the Bandera Azul (Blue Flag) ecological program was designed to allow for development while curbing the issues caused by mass tourism. They work with local communities to help protect the environment in popular areas, and evaluate beachfront locations for water quality and pollution standards. They offer the highly publicized and prestigious Blue Flag award each year following their evaluations, providing incentive for coastal areas to stay pristine. ( Santa Teresa beach , home of Casa Teresa, received a Blue Flag award in 2018 and was additionally awarded “ Best for Surfing ”!)

Now, Costa Rica has one of the highest rates of land protection in the world, with 28% of its land under protection in the form of national parks, wildlife refuges, and nature reserves. It boasts 28 national parks, 3 of which are UNESCO world heritage sites. Costa Rica has consistently appeared on lists of ethical travel destinations for its progressive policies and environmental protection standards.

In 2018, Costa Rica was ranked 30th in the world for their policies by the Environmental Protection Institute . As another monumental moment in Costa Rica’s history, in 2018 it set an ambitious goal to be the first carbon-neutral country in the world by 2021. Regardless of whether or not that will happen, it showcases Costa Rica tourism’s forward-facing mentality when it comes to sustainability. It’s a pretty remarkable target, but suited for a remarkable place!

A Haven For Ecotourism

Ecotourism is defined as “responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of the local people, and involves interpretation and education” ( FINE, 2015 ). If you know a thing or two about the spectacular environment and wildlife to be found in Costa Rica, it’s not hard to guess why ecotourism took off. In the late 90s, Costa Rica was known as the “ poster child ” for ecotourism—and it holds that reputation to this day.

What better way to support sustainable policies as a foreign visitor than by being a responsible ecotourist? Costa Rica tourism boosts a huge portion of the economy, so by visiting and enjoying the national parks and private nature reserves, you’ll be supporting a nation that cares about their environment and wants to see it thrive.

The Rise Of Adventure Tourism

Another major draw in recent Costa Rica history is adventure tourism . Its definition is subjective. It can either be extreme, like skydiving, bungee jumping, or mountain climbing, but it can also be more low-key, like a hike through a jungle or a paddleboard down a river.

Here’s some of the Costa Rica adventure tourism draws that have exploded in popularity in recent history:

• Ziplining Canopy Tours
• Paddleboarding
• Snorkeling and Scuba Diving
• Skydiving and Bungee Jumping
• Visiting Volcanoes

With its abundance of wild natural landscapes and an industry centered around the thrill of the outdoors, Costa Rica tourism is perfectly geared towards the adventurous traveler.

Casa Teresa: The Finest Retreat For Your Next Adventure

We’re only scratching the surface of Costa Rica’s history. There’s so much more to discover—keep reading our blog and website to learn why you should come embrace the pura vida!

Whether you’re considering Costa Rica tourism for its ecology, for an adventure, or just for pure tropical relaxation, there is no finer luxury accommodation for your Costa Rican adventure than Casa Teresa. Contact us today to book your stay.

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• Enter Costa Rica
• Travel Guide
• About Costa Rica

Costa Rica History

The history of Costa Rica starts in Pre-Columbian times when the indigenous people of the area were part of the Intermediate Area between Mesoamerican and Andean cultural regions, and also includes the influence of the Isthmo-Columbian area. Costa Rica was the area where the Mesoamerican and South American native cultures met.

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Christopher Columbus is credited with discovering Costa Rica in 1502 and gave Costa Rica its name which actually means “rich coast” because he believed the land to be filled with precious metals. At this time, the Nicoya Peninsula was the southernmost point of the Nahuatl culture, and the central and southern areas of Costa Rica were influenced by the Chibcha culture. Both cultures were basically eliminated by diseases (mostly smallpox) and mistreatment by the conquering Spaniards.

The largest city in Central America during Spanish Colonial times was Guatemala City. Because Guatemala City was quite a distance from Costa Rica making it hard to establish trade routes, Costa Rica was mainly ignored by the Spanish Monarchy and left to develop on its own. This had its good side as Costa Rica was relatively free of intervention by the Spanish Monarchy, but it also contributed to its poverty as Costa Rica did not share in the prosperity that other Colonies were experiencing. In 1719 one Spanish governor described Costa Rica as “the poorest and most miserable Spanish colony in all Americas”. The fact that many of the indigenous people had succumbed to disease and mistreatment did not leave a large population to work as forced labor for the Spaniards. Most Costa Ricans had to work their own land.

It is believed that these circumstances are what make the Costa Rican ideology today different from many of its neighboring countries in Latin America, and led to the development of Costa Rica's egalitarian society. Costa Rica became a “rural democracy” with no oppressed classes. Most Spanish settlers made their homes in the higher hills of the Central Valley where the climate was cooler and the soil was rich.

The provinces of Central America, along with Costa Rica, declared independence from Spain in 1821. Following a brief period in which Costa Rica was part of the Mexican Empire, Costa Rica became a state in the Federal Republic of Central America from 1823 thru 1839. San Jose was declared the capitol in 1824. But the new Federation was plagued by continuous border disputes in the region, and that led to a break from the Federation by Costa Rica in 1838. Costa Rica withdrew from the weakened Federation and proclaimed itself sovereign. The Federation soon dissolved and the Central American government soon became independent states that still exist today. But all the Central American countries still celebrate September 15th as Independence Day, which is the day Central America became independent from Spain.

In the 1880's construction of railways in the eastern portion of Costa Rica brought many Jamaican immigrants to the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica . This immigration for labor on the railways is responsible for the approximately 3% of the country's black African population. Convicts from the United States and Chinese immigrants also worked on the building of the railway. A United States businessman named Minor Keith oversaw the construction of the railway and the Costa Rican government in exchange for his work granted him large tracts of land which he made into banana plantations and exported them to the United States. This made bananas, along with coffee, a principal export from Costa Rica, and gave the United Fruit Company (a foreign-owned corporation) a large role in the national economy.

Although Costa Ricans have enjoyed the benefits of political stability and peace, there were some periods of violence in the last hundred years. From 1917-1919, Federico Tinoco Granados was dictator until he was overthrown and forced into exile. In 1948, Jose Figueres Ferrer in the aftermath of a disputed presidential election led an armed uprising. This led to 2000 deaths and a 44 day Costa Rican Civil War that was the most violent event in Costa Rica in the twentieth century. This event led the victorious government to abolish the military in 1949. The new government also drafted a new constitution by a democratically-elected assembly. The new Costa Rican government established by the assembly held their first democratic election under the new constitution in 1953, when they elected Figueres who had become a national hero. Since that time, Costa Rica has enjoyed peaceful democratic elections, and peaceful transitions of power.

This stability of government has benefited Costa Ricans in many ways. Costa Rica has consistently been among the top Latin American countries in the Human Development Index, ranking 50th in 2006. Costa Rica ranks 5th in the world, and 1st in the Americas in terms of Environmental Performance Index! AND the Costa Rican government announced plans for Costa Rica to become the first carbon neutral country by 2021. Costa Rica ranks first in the Happy Planet Index ! The Happy Planet Index measures how much of the Earth's resources nations use and how long and happy a life the country's citizens enjoy. Costa Rica is also the greenest country in the world according to this study.

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A Dive into the Rich History of Costa Rica

Unfolding the rich tapestry that is the History of Costa Rica takes us on a riveting journey through time. This Central American nation, renowned for its vibrant biodiversity and peaceful ethos, is rooted in a past as diverse as its flora and fauna. It’s a past that shapes the present and beckons us to explore the milestones that have forged Costa Rica’s unique identity. Let’s embark on this historical voyage together.

The Original People of Costa Rica

The original people of Costa Rica were diverse indigenous tribes, each with their own unique cultures and traditions. Tribes such as the Chorotega, Boruca, Bribri, and Cabécar, among others, thrived across the country, each fostering distinct languages, social structures, and spiritual beliefs. Their deep connection with nature, impressive art and architecture, and community-oriented societies laid the foundations of Costa Rica’s rich cultural tapestry. Today, their influence is seen in various facets of Costa Rican life, from its artistic expressions to its enduring respect for the environment.

Pre-Columbian Period

Before the Europeans set foot on this land, indigenous peoples had thrived here for centuries. These societies, though far removed from our modern world, left a profound legacy:

• They were organized into chiefdoms , each with its own distinct culture and customs.
• Their architecture and art were sophisticated, expressing their spiritual beliefs and societal structure.
• Their social organization was complex, displaying a deep understanding of communal living and cooperation.

You can delve further into their intriguing lives at Costa Rica’s National Museum .

European Discovery and Colonization

In 1502, Christopher Columbus dropped anchor along Costa Rica’s Caribbean coast. The Spanish colonization that followed brought significant change:

• Costa Rica, initially perceived as a land rich in gold, disappointed the Spanish settlers due to a lack of precious metals.
• The colonization process was fraught with challenges, including the scarcity of an indigenous labor force due to diseases brought by the Europeans.
• The Spanish left an indelible mark on the culture and society, aspects of which persist even today.

Learn more about these UNESCO-designated sites here .

Independence and Building a Nation

In 1821, Costa Rica achieved independence from Spain, stepping onto a path that would shape its unique identity:

• The nation gradually established strong democratic traditions , setting itself apart from its neighbors.
• The coffee boom era brought prosperity, fueling economic growth and societal development.
• The decision to abolish the army in 1948 is still viewed as a testament to the country’s commitment to peace and stability.

Modern History of Costa Rica and Developments

Stepping into the 20th century, Costa Rica stood as a beacon of political stability in a region often fraught with conflict. This era saw:

• An economy booming, fueled by economic growth across diverse sectors, including agriculture, tourism, and technology.
• Significant progress in educational advancements , leading to a well-educated population.
• Costa Rica’s transformation into a world leader in conservation and ecotourism , setting an example for sustainable development.

These achievements, in part, can be credited to the firm foundations laid in its historical past.

Costa Rica’s Cultural Richness

As one delves deeper into the history of Costa Rica’s culture , it becomes evident that its richness is deeply rooted in its history:

• Unique cultural practices and folklore mirror the country’s past and the diversity of influences it has absorbed.
• Traditional Costa Rican cuisine is a blend of Indigenous, Spanish, and African culinary traditions, reflecting the country’s historical journey.

The Historical Influence on Today’s Costa Rica

The past is a significant influencer of the present. The History of Costa Rica   continues to shape the country’s politics, society, and culture :

• Its democratic legacy shapes its political climate, promoting peace and stability.
• Costa Rica’s focus on education and health, rooted in its historical progress, has cultivated a thriving, prosperous society.
• The enduring respect for nature, stemming from its indigenous roots, is manifested in the country’s modern-day conservation efforts.

3 Important Facts About Costa Rica

• Costa Rica abolished its army in 1948 and has remained a peaceful nation ever since.
• The country is a world leader in conservation, with over 25% of its land protected as national parks or reserves.
• Costa Rica is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world, despite its small size.

In our journey through the history of Costa Rica , we have traversed the epochs, from the ancient indigenous cultures, through Spanish colonization, to the thriving democracy of today. It becomes evident that the past’s echoes resonate strongly in the present, influencing every aspect of life in Costa Rica .

Understanding history provides context, adding depth to our appreciation of the present. As we reflect on the nation’s journey, it becomes clear that Costa Rican History is not merely a chronological list of events. It is a rich tapestry woven with threads of resilience, innovation, and a relentless pursuit of harmony – between its people and the land they call home.

-Written by  Glenn Tellier  (Founder of  CRIE   and  Grupo Gap ).

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is costa rican brief history.

Costa Rica’s history spans several distinct periods, beginning with pre-Columbian indigenous cultures, followed by Spanish colonization in the 16th century, independence from Spain in 1821, a transformative coffee boom era, and a path of democratic stability and economic growth in the 20th century leading up to present day.

What are some historical facts about Costa Rica?

Costa Rica was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1502. It became independent from Spain in 1821 and is known for its decision to abolish the army in 1948. The country has had a stable democracy for over 70 years and is known for its commitment to conservation and ecotourism.

What is the origin of Costa Ricans?

The original inhabitants of Costa Rica were indigenous peoples. The Spanish colonization in the 16th century led to a mixing of Spanish settlers and indigenous populations. Over time, the country also saw influence and immigration from various other cultures and regions, leading to a richly diverse populace.

Who was in Costa Rica before the Spanish?

Before the Spanish arrived, Costa Rica was inhabited by indigenous peoples, such as the Chorotega, Boruca, and Diquís tribes, among others.

Who are the original people of Costa Rica?

The original people of Costa Rica are diverse groups of indigenous tribes, including the Chorotega, Boruca, Cabécar, and Bribri, among others.

Did Mayans live in Costa Rica?

While Costa Rica was home to a variety of indigenous cultures, it was not directly inhabited by the Mayans. The southern Mesoamerican civilizations influenced the region, but the Mayans primarily lived in parts of present-day Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador.

What are Costa Ricans famous for?

Costa Ricans, or “Ticos” as they often call themselves, are famous for their friendly demeanor, commitment to peace (Costa Rica has no standing army), focus on education and health, rich biodiversity, and pioneering efforts in ecotourism and conservation.

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Article by Glenn Tellier (Founder of CRIE and Grupo Gap)

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• Sustainable

Ecotourism in Costa Rica

Everything is eco these days. Eco-friendly, eco-conscious, even eco-chic. The current trend towards all things eco has commercialized a prefix once packed with gritty optimism and turned it into a marketing tool. Given the proliferation of eco in business and the media, it’s easy to lose sight of its original meaning. Costa Rica is all about ecotourism—but what does that mean?

Ecotourism immerses travelers in natural areas – a rainforest or a coastal wetland, for example – with the goal of educating and imparting environmental awareness. It employs our sense of sight, smell, hearing, touch, and sometimes even taste to bring about a better understanding of the natural world. According to The International Ecotourism Society, ecotourism is defined as “responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of the local people.” Ecotourism unites conservation with local communities and incorporates important aspects of sustainable travel. It should minimize impact and provide a financial incentive for conservation.

Video: Costa Rica a Ecotourism

A Little History

Costa Rica’s push towards ecotourism began with the establishment of the Cabo Blanco National Reserve in 1963 and the first national parks in 1971. The trend continued and today the Costa Rican park system includes 70 entities and protects over 3,221,000 acres (1,303,492 ha). In addition to this, there are private reserves that are operated by nonprofits and environmental groups. That leaves Costa Rica with over 30 percent of its national territory marked for conservation—one of the highest ratios in the world.

Costa Rica also has the highest density of plant and animal species on Earth. As part of the Central American isthmus, Costa Rica is both interoceanic and intercontinental. Species from North and South America migrated here during its geological formation and many animals continue to pass through the country every year. Costa Rica’s tropical climate extends across extreme variations in altitude and covers countless ecosystems. The country has 20 life zones, 850 bird species, 237 mammal species, 1,260 tree species, 1,200 orchid species, and 361 reptile and amphibian species. This incredible biodiversity plays an important role in the country’s commitment to conservation.

Given Costa Rica’s natural riches, it’s no surprise that ecotourism is so popular. But it wasn’t always this way. During the first half of the 20th century Costa Rica was on the same track as other Central American countries. It cut down its forests and used the land for cattle and agriculture.

The creation of the park system changed all this. Travelers came to Costa Rica to experience nature and were willing to pay for it. This meant that conservation did not entail losing money.

Pros and Cons

The Costa Rican Tourism Institute (ICT) estimates that nearly half of all international visitors participate in some form of ecotourism—be it rafting a river, hiking in the rainforest, or snorkeling among coral reefs. As a result, ecotourism is responsible for both direct and indirect employment and has helped contribute to a reduction of poverty in Costa Rica.

Tourism is clearly a boon to the local economy. But critics argue that it’s impossible to truly conserve nature with so many people visiting fragile outdoor areas. People take a toll on plant and animal life through habitat destruction (accidental or intentional), noise pollution, and littering.

Balancing this impact is the main challenge facing ecotourism. Popular national parks already cap entrants. Monteverde, for example, does not allow more than 200 people inside the reserve at any given time. Manuel Antonio is closed on Mondays and does not allow more than 800 people into the park each day.

The Certificate for Sustainable Tourism (CST) is another step in the right direction. CST is a certification program that evaluates businesses for sustainable practices. The CST rates companies from 0 to 5 based upon their degree of environmental, social and economic involvement. Higher ratings are given to businesses that successfully balance the impact of their activities.

Business dogma assumes that there are winners and losers. Sustainability attempts to change this by eliminating the traditional losers of business – the environment, the local economy and culture. By focusing on factors that have traditionally been ignored, sustainability balances good business with good practice.

The CST program is voluntary but rigorous. Evidence is presented on over 100 practices – involving community, the environment, and labor – before a business is given a CST rating. These ratings help visitors to Costa Rica make educated purchasing decisions.

Video: Costa Rica Sustainable Practices

The Ecotourism Experience

Still, the question remains: How do you get a genuine ecotourism experience in Costa Rica? And what is it like?

First of all, get outside. “Wildlife is nearly everywhere in Costa Rica but some of the best places to go are rural and remote,” says Gema Cantillano, a vacation planner at Anywhere Costa Rica. She advises travelers to explore rural communities like San Gerardo de Dota, Orosí, and Sarapiquí. Monteverde is another good one, she says, even though the area has become increasingly popular during peak season. “By visiting rural areas, travelers decrease the foot traffic in Costa Rica’s better known parks, thereby spreading out and minimizing the impact.”

A huge number of Costa Rica’s national parks and reserves are not billed as “must do” activities. Nonetheless, these places offer unfiltered access to the Costa Rican outdoors. Some include the Cahuita National Park along the southern Caribbean coast, the Cabo Blanco Absolute Reserve on the Nicoya Peninsula, and the Braulio Carrillo National Park in the central highlands. If your goal is to experience nature without being elbow-to-elbow with other visitors, Costa Rica has you covered—just be willing to get your boots dirty and go off the beaten path.

Ecotourism activities (eco-activities) involve visits to protected areas (like national parks and private reserves), wildlife rescue centers, and family-run coffee plantations and organic farms. The fees that visitors pay to access these areas often goes towards maintaining, purchasing and conserving land, protecting endangered or threatened species, and educating local students on environmental issues.

Eco-activities, however, don’t just involve plodding along a trail or staring at obscure plants. You’ll raft down rivers and identify coastal birds. You’ll go whale watching in the Pacific Ocean and ride horses across the plains of the Central Valley. The options are as varied as the terrain.

The Costa Rican landscape is diverse—think rainforests, volcanoes, beaches, wetlands, and caves. All that in a state that’s roughly the size of West Virginia. Ecotourism exposes travelers to all this. It gets you outside and gives you perspective on the assorted complexion of life.

By their very nature these activities are educational. On a guided hike through the rainforest, for example, you might learn about the structure of the forest canopy or the medical uses for tropical plants. A guide may help you distinguish between the calls of a bellbird and toucan or point out the intricate root system of a balsa tree. During oceanic activities, you might learn about the migration patterns of humpback whales or the effect that climate change has on coral reefs. It’s literally impossible to not learn something during these activities.

Video: Regenerating Costa Rica Rainforests

That covers what you’ll do. How about where you’ll stay?

That’s where the ecolodge comes in. The main qualifier for an ecolodge is that they are close to nature and far from towns (or other hotels). Ecolodges are intentionally isolated—this gives travelers direct, uninterrupted access to the outdoors. Hiking trails extend from their property and wind through the surrounding forests, hillsides, and beaches. Guests need only look past the hammock on their porch to be in the midst of nature.

Many of the country’s first ecolodges were sustainable long before sustainability became a buzzword. These ecolodges operated in remote, off-the-grid locations that required them to optimize their efficiency and minimize their impact. They used solar and wind power because the area lacked electrical lines and grew their own food because there were no accessible supermarkets. They hired locals, the only workforce available, and became educators within the community, often training guides, receptionists and chefs.

Costa Rica’s original ecolodges paved the way for the ecolodges of today, which are scattered across much of the country. You can now find ecolodges deep in the Osa Peninsula and along the Caribbean coast. They spread around the base of the Tenorio Volcano and line the isolated shores of Mal País.

Ecolodges are usually less fancy and have fewer amenities than traditional resorts. That said, they still range from rustic to luxurious. Some offer basic bungalows while others sport rooms with air conditioning and wireless Internet. Due to their physical isolation, ecolodges always have a restaurant. The food is notoriously tasty and fresh—the vegetables are often organic and the seafood is usually caught locally. Most ecolodges also have a bar that offers a variety of beer, wine and liquor.

Ecolodges provide comfortable accommodations in places where there are few other (if any) options. They put you in contact with priceless natural areas and give you the tools – the guides, trails and equipment – to go exploring. Make no mistake though, ecolodges are not for everyone. Families with small children may find it impractical to be so isolated, and newlyweds may prefer something that is a bit more swanky.

However, if experiencing nature is one of your travel goals, prioritize it by staying at an ecolodge in a remote area. You’ll have to give up certain luxuries. You won’t be able to choose between fancy restaurants or enjoy a rowdy nightlife. Your Internet access will be slow and you may lack cell coverage. But the rewards are many and you’ll experience daily the raw beauty of Costa Rica.

Ready, Set, Go

Nearly one-third of Costa Rica is national parks and reserves. These areas cover everything from volcanoes to beaches and protect some 500,000 species of plants and animals—about 4 percent of the world’s total biodiversity. This positions Costa Rica to provide travelers with powerful outdoor experiences. Ecotourism aims to do this.

In ecotourism, you don’t just see the forest for the trees. You see it for the mammals and reptiles, insects and microbiota, soil structure and climatic patterns. Ecotourism helps you grasp the big by first understanding the small. As you explore Costa Rica, you’ll not only comprehend the particular nature of each landscape but also learn to recognize the interconnectedness of the entire environment.

When asked what advice she would give to travelers interested in ecotourism, Cantillano says, “Don’t be afraid to explore. Stay open-minded, go off the beaten path, and be ready for new experiences. If you do, you’ll discover the environmental and cultural beauty of our country.”

Anywhere Costa Rica offers travel planning assistance and free online travel guides for all of Costa Rica. We can help plan eco-vacations and have a comprehensive selection of activities and ecolodges.

Video: Plan a Journey Together

• Environment

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Tourism in Costa Rica

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Tourism in Costa Rica is big business. But why is this industry so important and how should it best be managed? Read on to find out…

Geography in Costa Rica

Statistics of tourism in costa rica, popular tourist attractions in costa rica, popular types of tourism in costa rica, economic impacts of tourism in costa rica, social impacts of tourism in costa rica, types of tourists that travel to costa rica, faqs about tourism in costa rica, to conclude: tourism in costa rica.

Costa Rica is a country located in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north and Panama to the south. It is also situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea.

Costa Rica has a diverse geography , including rugged mountains, beaches, lush forests, and active volcanoes. The country features two mountain ranges that run parallel to each other: the Cordillera de Guanacaste in the north and the Cordillera de Talamanca in the south. The highest peak in Costa Rica, Cerro Chirripo, is located in the Cordillera de Talamanca and stands at 3,820 metres (12,530 feet) above sea level.

The country is also known for its lush rainforests, which cover over half of the country’s land area. These forests are home to a wide variety of plant and animal species, including monkeys, sloths, toucans, and jaguars.

The coasts of Costa Rica are also diverse, with the Caribbean coast featuring sandy beaches and coral reefs, while the Pacific coast is known for its rugged coastline and incredible surfing opportunities. There are also several islands off the coast of Costa Rica, including Cocos Island, which is an important ecosystem preservation site and a popular destination for scuba divers.

Tourism is a major industry in Costa Rica, and it is the country’s biggest source of foreign exchange. In 2019, the country welcomed over 3 million visitors, generating over $4 billion in revenue for the country.

Costa Rica’s natural beauty, including its beaches, forests, and wildlife, are major attractions for tourists. The country has positioned itself as a leader in sustainable tourism, and has implemented policies to protect its natural resources and promote eco-tourism.

The tourism industry in Costa Rica is diverse, catering to a range of interests and budgets. The country offers activities such as surfing, zip-lining, hiking, bird watching, and other outdoor adventures. Additionally, the country has a significant number of spa and wellness centers, and is a popular destination for yoga retreats.

Many tourists also visit Costa Rica to learn about the country’s unique culture, including its food, music, and art. Costa Rica is home to several indigenous cultures, each with their own traditions and customs, and visitors can explore their history and way of life through tours and cultural experiences.

Overall, the tourism industry in Costa Rica plays a significant role in the country’s economy and has helped to promote sustainable development and environmental conservation in the country.

Now, lets demonstrate how significant tourism in Costa Rica is but highlighting some of the key statistics:

1 – In 2019, Costa Rica welcomed over 3 million international visitors, a 4.1% increase from the previous year.

2 – Tourism generated $4.1 billion USD in revenue for the country in 2019, representing 8.2% of Costa Rica’s GDP.

3 – The average stay for tourists in Costa Rica is 12.7 nights, with visitors spending an average of $1,437 USD per trip.

4 – North America is the largest source market for tourism in Costa Rica, accounting for 53% of all international arrivals in 2019.

5 – The most popular activities for tourists in Costa Rica are nature-based tourism, adventure tourism, and beach tourism.

6 – Eco-tourism is a significant sector in Costa Rica, with over 25% of the country’s land area protected through national parks and protected areas.

7 – The private sector accounts for a significant portion of tourism activity in Costa Rica, with over 70% of tourism businesses owned and operated by private entities.

8 – Employment in the tourism industry accounts for approximately 8.6% of Costa Rica’s total employment, with over 220,000 people directly employed in tourism-related jobs.

9 – The COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant drop in tourism in 2020, with international arrivals decreasing by over 70% compared to 2019.

Tourism in Costa Rica is largely popular due to its range of tourist attractions. Here are the major examples:

La Fortuna Waterfall: Located near Arenal Volcano, this breathtaking waterfall is accessible via a steep hike and offers incredible views of the surrounding rainforest.

Arenal Volcano: Located in northwestern Costa Rica, Arenal is one of the most active volcanoes in the world, and visitors can hike to the top for incredible views of the surrounding landscape.

Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve: This protected area in the Tilarán Mountains is home to lush, misty forests and a wide variety of flora and fauna, including the endangered resplendent quetzal bird.

Corcovado National Park: This remote park on the Osa Peninsula is one of the most biologically diverse places on earth, featuring a mix of tropical rainforest, mangrove swamps, and sandy beaches.

Tamarindo: This bustling beach town on the Pacific coast is a popular destination for surfers and party-goers, featuring a range of restaurants, bars, and nightlife options.

There are many types of tourism in Costa Rica, here are the most common:

Sustainable tourism: Costa Rica’s commitment to sustainable development and environmental conservation makes it an ideal destination for visitors looking for responsible and sustainable travel options.

Culinary tourism: The country’s blend of indigenous, Afro-Caribbean, and Spanish influences has created a rich and varied culinary scene, with visitors able to try traditional dishes made from fresh, locally-sourced ingredients.

Nature-based tourism: Costa Rica is famous for its natural beauty, and visitors can experience the country’s beaches, mountains, forests, and waterfalls through activities such as hiking, birdwatching, and whale watching.

Beach tourism: With over 800 miles of coastline on both the Pacific and Caribbean coasts, Costa Rica offers a wide range of beaches for swimming, surfing, and sunbathing.

Cultural tourism: Costa Rica has a rich cultural heritage, and visitors can explore the country’s indigenous cultures, sample its traditional foods, and visit museums and cultural centres to learn about its history and art.

The impacts of tourism in Costa Rica need to be managed effectively, Lets take a look at what these impacts are:

Job creation: Tourism is a labour-intensive industry, and has created employment opportunities for many Costa Ricans. A significant portion of the workforce is employed directly or indirectly in tourism-related activities, including hotels, restaurants, transportation, and tour operators.

Economic growth: The tourism industry generates significant economic activity and contributes significantly to the country’s GDP. In 2019, tourism generated $4.1 billion USD in revenue, representing 8.2% of Costa Rica’s GDP.

Foreign exchange earnings: Tourism is an important source of foreign exchange earnings for Costa Rica, as many visitors come from countries with strong currencies. This helps to support the country’s international trade, and provides a stable source of revenue.

Tax revenue: The tourism industry generates significant tax revenue for the government of Costa Rica, helping to fund public services and infrastructure development.

Business development: The tourism industry has spurred the development of many small and medium-sized businesses in Costa Rica, including tour operators, souvenir shops, and restaurants. This has helped to diversify the country’s economy and create opportunities for entrepreneurship.

Infrastructure development: The growth of the tourism industry has led to the development of new infrastructure, such as airports, roads, and telecommunications networks. This has helped to improve connectivity within the country and make it more accessible to visitors.

However, the tourism industry also has some potential negative impacts, including environmental degradation, cultural erosion, and social inequality. For this reason, Costa Rica has prioritised sustainable tourism development and has implemented policies to minimise negative impacts while maximising benefits.

Now lets take a look at the social impacts:

Employment: The tourism industry has created many jobs in Costa Rica, particularly in rural areas where employment opportunities can be scarce.

Cultural exchange: Tourism has led to increased cultural exchange, with visitors learning about Costa Rican customs and traditions, and Costa Ricans learning about other cultures through interactions with tourists.

Improved infrastructure: The growth of tourism has led to the development of new infrastructure, such as hotels, restaurants, and transportation systems, which can benefit both visitors and locals.

Preservation of cultural heritage: Tourism can provide a financial incentive for the preservation of cultural heritage sites, as well as traditional food, music, and other forms of cultural expression.

Improved quality of life: The development of tourism-related services and infrastructure, such as healthcare and waste management facilities, can improve the quality of life for both tourists and locals.

Environmental Impacts of Tourism in Costa Rica

Lastly, here are the environmental impacts:

Protected areas: The growth of the tourism industry has led to the creation of protected areas, national parks, and wildlife reserves, which help to preserve Costa Rica’s unique biodiversity.

Infrastructure development: The development of tourism infrastructure, such as renewable energy systems and waste management facilities, can have positive environmental impacts if designed and implemented with sustainability in mind.

Environmental education: The tourism industry has provided opportunities for environmental education and awareness-raising campaigns, which can lead to more sustainable practices among visitors and locals.

Deforestation: The growth of tourism has contributed to deforestation in some areas, as forests are cleared to make way for hotels and other infrastructure.

Carbon emissions: Tourism-related transportation, as well as energy use associated with hotels and other infrastructure, can contribute to greenhouse gas emissions.

There are many different types of tourists who travel to Costa Rica, each with their own interests, preferences, and budgets. Here are some common types of tourists who visit Costa Rica:

Eco-tourists: Costa Rica is known for its abundant wildlife, national parks, and sustainable practices, making it an ideal destination for eco-tourists who are interested in responsible tourism and environmental conservation.

Adventure seekers: With its rugged landscape of mountains, volcanoes, and beaches, Costa Rica offers a wide variety of adventure activities, including rafting, zip-lining, surfing, hiking and many others.

Beachgoers: Costa Rica has over 800 miles of coastline and a multitude of stunning beaches, making it a popular destination for those seeking sun, sand, and surf.

Wildlife enthusiasts: Costa Rica is home to a diverse range of plant and animal species, including monkeys, sloths, jaguars, and over 900 species of birds. Tourists interested in wildlife watching will find plenty to see and experience while in the country.

Cultural travellers: Costa Rica has a rich cultural heritage, with indigenous traditions, Afro-Caribbean influences, and a vibrant arts and music scene. Cultural travellers can explore local markets and museums to learn more about the country’s history and customs.

Now that we know a bit more about tourism in Costa Rica, lets answer some of the most common questions on this topic:

1 – Is Costa Rica a safe country for tourists?

Yes, Costa Rica is generally considered a safe country for tourists. However, visitors should still take precautions against street crime, particularly in crowded tourist areas.

2 – Do I need a visa to enter Costa Rica?

Visitors from most countries are not required to obtain a visa to enter Costa Rica. They can stay for up to 90 days with a valid passport.

3 – What is the best time to visit Costa Rica?

The best time to visit Costa Rica is during the dry season, which runs from December to April. The rainy season, which runs from May to November, can still be an enjoyable time to visit for those interested in seeing lush green landscapes.

4 – What is the currency of Costa Rica?

The currency of Costa Rica is the Costa Rican colon. U.S. dollars are also widely accepted in tourist areas.

5 – What language is spoken in Costa Rica?

The official language of Costa Rica is Spanish, although many locals also speak English in tourist areas.

6 – What is the cost of living in Costa Rica?

The cost of living in Costa Rica can vary widely depending on your lifestyle and location. In general, the cost of living is lower than in many other countries in the region, but can still be higher than in some countries in Southeast Asia, for example.

7 – What are the must-see attractions in Costa Rica?

Some of the must-see attractions in Costa Rica include Arenal Volcano, Manuel Antonio National Park, Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve

8 – What activities can I do in Costa Rica?

Costa Rica is known for its adventure activities, such as zip-lining, white-water rafting, surfing, hiking, and wildlife watching. It also offers relaxing activities, such as enjoying its beaches, hot springs, and spas.

9 – What is the electrical voltage in Costa Rica?

The electrical voltage in Costa Rica is 120 volts, and the standard frequency is 60 Hz.

10 – What is the time zone in Costa Rica?

Costa Rica operates on Central Standard Time (GMT -6) throughout the year.

As you can see, tourism in Costa Rica is a very important industry that brings many benefits to the local area and community. However, in order to ensure that tourism is sustainable, it must be carefully managed.

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Costa Rica’s Keys to Success as a Sustainable Tourism Pioneer

How the country went from a deforestation crisis to becoming a global leader in sustainability

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In 2019, Costa Rica was named “ Champion of the Earth '' by the United Nations for its direct role in protecting nature and fighting climate change. The country, which is home to just over 5 million residents, was already known as a world leader in sustainability for putting environmental concerns at the forefront of its political and economic policies.

Over 98% of Costa Rica’s energy has come from renewable sources since 2014 (in 2017, the country ran a full 300 days solely on renewable power) and 70% of all public transport is expected to turn electric by 2035. Through a combination of protected areas, ecosystem services programs, and ecotourism, Costa Rica has successfully restored its forest cover from 26% in 1983 to over 52% in 2021 — proving to the rest of the world that reversing deforestation is possible with the right approach.

Where Is Costa Rica?

Costa Rica is located in Central America, between Nicaragua and Panama. It is known both for its stable, democratic government (the country hasn’t had an army since 1948) and for its incredible natural beauty. A whopping 25% of its territory is comprised of protected lands , ranging from tropical rainforests and rugged mountain ranges, to stunning coastlines and volcanic landscapes.

What Sets Costa Rica Apart?

Central America and the rest of the tropics are full of rich biodiversity and thriving tourism industries, so what exactly sets Costa Rica's approach to sustainable tourism apart?

“Our sustainable tourism model has allowed us to seek and attract niche groups of travelers that recognize our differences and the quality of experiences in the country,” Costa Rica’s Tourism Minister Gustavo Segura Sancho tells Treehugger. “The key to success has been to target a demand that can adapt to the conditions the country has to offer.”

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The country contains more than 6% of the world’s biodiversity despite covering only about 0.03% of the surface of the globe. Housing so much biological variety doesn’t just make Costa Rica a dream location for nature lovers, it also makes the country especially vulnerable to climate change.

“Despite being a small developing country, Costa Rica has decades of sustainable tourism efforts underway,” says Segura Sancho. “Our work involves the efforts of individuals and organizations throughout Costa Rica’s public and private sector and demonstrates a unified commitment to protecting not only our environment and economy, but that of the world.”

Sustainable Destination Development

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The country’s tourism model was developed with three primary factors in mind: sustainability, innovation, and inclusiveness. Costa Rica's tourist attractions focus on activities that respect the environment and offer travelers opportunities to reduce their carbon footprint and contribute to conservation and cultural heritage.

The Costa Rican Tourism Institute (ICT) developed a country-wide Certification for Sustainable Tourism back in 1997, which provides tourism companies with guidelines to manage their business sustainably. The certification program educates local companies on the appropriate use of natural and cultural resources, and provides visitors with an official "CST mark" to identify sustainable tourism operators, accommodations, and attractions. As of 2021, over 400 companies in Costa Rica are sustainably certified, and the program has even been recognized by the Global Sustainable Tourism Council and the United Nations World Tourism Organization .

Focusing on long-term sustainability within the tourism industry involved a few risks, for example by making the country a bit more expensive to visit. In the years since the tourism model’s development, surveys have shown that 63% of United States travelers are more likely to consider destinations making an effort to conserve and protect natural resources, while 75% are more likely to consider sustainable destinations. And a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that, by the year 2000, protected natural areas in Costa Rica reduced poverty in neighboring communities by 16% by encouraging ecotourism. It would appear that the country’s decades-long investment in sustainable tourism was a good one.

Sustainable Destinations in Costa Rica: Arenal and Monteverde

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Established in 1991, Arenal Volcano National Park protects 29,850 acres and at least 131 species of mammals, including monkeys, sloths , coatis , and jaguars , along with the 5,757-foot Arenal Volcano.

An example of sustainable management in the community, locally owned Arenal Observatory Lodge maintains 270 acres of natural forest and 400 acres of reforestation areas. The hotel donates food waste to local farms as feed for animals, uses biodegradable cleaning products, and contributes to several nonprofit community projects.

Just a few hours away, you’ll find an estimated 50% of Costa Rica’s biodiversity in the Monteverde Cloud Forest Biological Preserve . The preserve is run by the Tropical Science Center, a historic non-government environmental organization that has pioneered conservation efforts, research, ecotourism, and sustainable development initiatives throughout the country.

Manuel Antonio National Park

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A relatively small stretch of Costa Rica’s central Pacific coast home to iguanas, toucans, and monkeys , Manuel Antonio was one of the country’s most visited national parks. In an effort to curb pollution and other consequences of overtourism, the park now limits the daily number of visitors to 600 on weekdays, 800 on weekends and holidays, and completely closes the park once a week. The park was awarded the ICT Elite Certificate of Sustainable Tourism in 2021.

Tortuguero National Park

Located on Costa Rica's north Caribbean coast, Tortuguero boasts the largest green turtle nesting site in the Western Hemisphere. Working alongside the Sea Turtle Conservancy , one of the world's oldest international nonprofits focusing on sea turtles, community stakeholders helped fund the Tortuguero Visitor Center in 1959 to help share information with visitors and locals about threats to sea turtles and their ecosystems. The park protects 46,900 acres and focuses on sea turtle research, also offering a Junior Research Assistant Program for local high school students and educational workshops for younger students.

When's the Best Time to Visit Costa Rica?

Most tourists visit Costa Rica during its high season from November to April to enjoy the sunny, dry weather. However, this time of year can also result in higher costs and overcrowding (which can be harder on the environment). Booking a trip during the shoulder season or low season from May to November also has its advantages, from cheaper accommodations and flights to greener surroundings. Plus, off season is typically when locals who rely on the tourism industry struggle the most, so supporting the economy during this time is a major perk. Keep in mind that Costa Rica has a variety of microclimates, so it's best to consider your specific travel destinations and priorities when researching weather.

The Four Pillars of Sustainable Tourism

By definition, sustainable tourism should not only consider its current economic, social, and environmental impacts, but its future effects as well. This is often achieved by protecting natural environments and wildlife while managing tourism activities, providing culturally authentic experiences for visitors, and creating economic benefits for the local community. According to the Global Sustainable Tourism Council , the four pillars of sustainable tourism include sustainable management, socioeconomic impacts, cultural impacts, and environmental impacts. Costa Rica is a shining example of a destination that prioritizes all four of these aspects successfully.

Sustainable Management

Part of the reason why the ICT’s Certification for Sustainable Tourism standards program has become so successful is because of the multiple certification levels it offers. The tiers inspire tourism attractions and tour operators to work harder in strengthening their sustainability practices in order to work their way up. It has become a model for other countries setting sights on sustainability within their own tourism industries.

In order to diversify the tourism industry, the Costa Rica tourism authority also launched an Integral Management of Tourism Destinations program in 2018, with the goal of helping in the development of 32 tourism centers around the country.

Socioeconomic Impacts

Using a Social Progress Index (SPI), the ICT measures the wellbeing of tourism communities across the country. The SPI considers factors like quality of life, basic human needs, level of opportunities, and social welfare rather than gross domestic product (GDP) or other economic variables, something Segura Sancho says will ensure that tourism remains a positive force for development. “Through the SPI tool, the ICT has discovered the positive effects that our sustainable tourism model has had on local communities, including access to higher education, job opportunities, air quality and waste management, quality of life, improvements in safety and community support networks, women's empowerment, among many others.”

The program also leaves room for plenty of innovation, like the establishment of one of the country’s newest national parks on San Lucas Island . Once containing a wildlife refuge and a former prison building housing some of Costa Rica’s worst criminals, the 1.8-square-mile island is now a cultural heritage and hiking site. Tourists can visit the island to enjoy the vibrant wildlife and take tours hosted by local guides, a feature that has greatly contributed to the area’s socioeconomic development. The ICT also supports the Code of Conduct for the Protection of Children from Sexual Exploitation in Travel and Tourism — an initiative of the World Tourism Organization.

Environmental Impacts

Along with the Certification for Sustainable Tourism, the ICT has also implemented several other programs to encourage and enforce environmental sustainability across the tourism sector. The Ecologic Blue Flag Program , for example, evaluates Costa Rica’s beaches on criteria like ocean water quality, waste disposal, sanitary facilities, environmental education, and community involvement in beach maintenance. Only beaches that succeed in maintaining 90% of the strict criteria receive a distinction and an official Blue Flag to display on the beach. The ICT also advocates for coastal planning and supports programs for small businesses and destination management.

Cultural Impacts

Community tourism, which gives visitors a chance to support indigenous communities, meet local people, and experience authentic cultural heritage, is a growing movement in Costa Rica. Especially in the capital city of San Jose, there are numerous opportunities for tourists to learn about Costa Rica’s architecture, artwork, history, and food. San Jose tourists can purchase a discounted single ticket to visit three of the country’s most popular museums , all within walking distance from each other: the National Museum of Costa Rica, the Museum of the Central Bank of Costa Rica, and the Jade and Pre-Columbian Gold Museum. The ICT also provides resources and maps for self-guided walking tours of the country’s main cities and information on where to find traditional Costa Rican cuisine .

A Commitment to the Environment

In early 2021, the Costa Rica National Forest Financing Fund (Fonafifo) and the ICT launched a carbon footprint calculator to help visitors determine their trip’s carbon footprint and contribute to corresponding carbon offsets. Donations to this program are used to strengthen forest conservation efforts in Costa Rica.

Among other long-term targets, Costa Rica’s National Decarbonization Plan puts the country on track to achieve net zero emissions by 2050 , in line with the Paris Climate Agreement and the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. Although 98% of the country’s electricity already comes from renewable sources, the plan aims to power 100% of the country’s public transport with electricity by 2050. President Carlos Alvarado Quesada’s Administration plans to work with individuals from both the public and private sectors, scientists, and other industry experts to make this vision a reality.

Establishing parks and refuges in Costa Rica — which now numbers 30 national parks, 51 wildlife refuges, and nine biological reserves — has generated responsible tourism and funded conservation efforts in parts of the country that otherwise may have gone overlooked by visitors. Although a full 25% of Costa Rica is officially zoned as protected territory, local appreciation for nature encompasses the entire country.

“Sustainability has long been embedded in the culture and traditions of Costa Rica,” Segura Sancho explains. “From an early age, children are taught to protect the country’s forests and wildlife, and to appreciate the diverse landscapes and natural beauty that the country has to offer. This inherent love of our surroundings means we want to conserve its many species of animals, insects, trees and birds for decades to come.”

" Renewable Energy - Costa Rica ." International Trade Administration.

" Environment ." Embassy Of Costa Rica In Washington DC.

" Why ‘Going Green’ Pays Off: Sustainable Practices Drive Destination Choice For A Majority Of Travelers, New Research Unveils ." Sustainable Travel International , 2016.

Ferraro, P. J., and M. M. Hanauer. " Quantifying Causal Mechanisms To Determine How Protected Areas Affect Poverty Through Changes In Ecosystem Services And Infrastructure ." Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences , vol. 111, no. 11, 2014, pp. 4332-4337., doi:10.1073/pnas.1307712111

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Searching for where to stay in Costa Rica or surrounding towns? Check these hotels and hostels in Costa Rica for all budgets and all tastes.

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History and Timeline

Costa Rica is a Central American country known for its democratic stability, eco-tourism, and commitment to conservation. Its history includes colonization by Spain, independence in 1821, coffee and banana exports, and a peaceful revolution in 1948.

Today, Costa Rica is a thriving democracy with a strong economy and a reputation as a leader in environmental protection.

Pre-Columbian period

Historians have classified the indigenous people of Costa Rica as belonging to the Intermediate Area, where the peripheries of the Mesoamerican and Andean native cultures overlapped. More recently, pre-Columbian Costa Rica has also been described as part of the Isthmo-Colombian Area.

Stone tools, the oldest evidence of human occupation in Costa Rica, are associated with the arrival of various groups of hunter-gatherers about 10,000 to 7,000 years BCE in the Turrialba Valley. The presence of Clovis culture-type spearheads and arrows from South America opens the possibility that, in this area, two different cultures coexisted.

The earliest use of pottery appears around 2,000 to 3,000 BCE. Shards of pots, cylindrical vases, platters, gourds, and other forms of vases decorated with grooves, prints, and some modeled after animals have been found.

The impact of indigenous peoples on modern Costa Rican culture has been relatively small compared to other nations since the country lacked a strong native civilization, to begin with.

Most of the native population was absorbed into the Spanish-speaking colonial society through inter-marriage, except for some small remnants, the most significant of which are the Bribri and Boruca tribes who still inhabit the mountains of the Cordillera de Talamanca, in the southeastern part of Costa Rica, near the frontier with Panama.

Spanish colonization

The name “la Costa Rica”, meaning “Rich Coast” in the Spanish language, was in some accounts first applied by Christopher Columbus, who sailed to the eastern shores of Costa Rica during his final voyage in 1502, and reported vast quantities of gold jewelry worn by natives.

During most of the colonial period, Costa Rica was the southernmost province of the Captaincy General of Guatemala, nominally part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. In practice, the captaincy general was a largely autonomous entity within the Spanish Empire.

Costa Rica’s distance from the capital of the captaincy in Guatemala, its legal prohibition under mercantilist Spanish law from trade with its southern neighbor Panama, then part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada (i.e. Colombia), and lack of resources such as gold and silver, made Costa Rica into a poor, isolated, and sparsely-inhabited region within the Spanish Empire.

Costa Rica was described as “the poorest and most miserable Spanish colony in all America” by a Spanish governor in 1719.

Another important factor behind Costa Rica’s poverty was the lack of a significant indigenous population available for encomienda (forced labor), which meant most of the Costa Rican settlers had to work on their land, preventing the establishment of large haciendas (plantations).

Costa Rica became a “rural democracy” with no oppressed mestizo or indigenous class. It was not long before Spanish settlers turned to the hills, where they found rich volcanic soil and a milder climate than that of the lowlands.

Independence

Like the rest of Central America, Costa Rica never fought for independence from Spain. On 15 September 1821, after the final Spanish defeat in the Mexican War of Independence (1810–1821), the authorities in Guatemala declared the independence of all of Central America.

That date is still celebrated as Independence Day in Costa Rica even though, technically, under the Spanish Constitution of 1812 that had been readopted in 1820, Nicaragua and Costa Rica had become autonomous provinces with their capital in León.

Upon independence, Costa Rican authorities faced the issue of officially deciding the future of the country.

Because of the lack of agreement on these two possible outcomes, the first civil war in Costa Rica occurred.

The Battle of Ochomogo took place on the Hill of Ochomogo, located in the Central Valley in 1823. The conflict was won by the Republicans and, as a consequence, the city of Cartago lost its status as the capital, which moved to San José.

In 1838, long after the Federal Republic of Central America ceased to function in practice, Costa Rica formally withdrew and proclaimed itself sovereign. The considerable distance and poor communication routes between Guatemala City and the Central Plateau, where most of the Costa Rican population lived then and still lives now, meant the local people had little allegiance to the federal government in Guatemala.

Since colonial times, Costa Rica has been reluctant to become economically tied with the rest of Central America. Despite most of its neighbors’ efforts to increase regional integration, Costa Rica has remained more independent even today.

Economic growth in the 19th century

Coffee was first planted in Costa Rica in 1808, and by the 1820s, it surpassed tobacco, sugar, and cacao as primary export. Coffee production remained Costa Rica’s principal source of wealth well into the 20th century, creating a wealthy class of growers, the so-called Coffee Barons.

The revenue helped to modernize the country.

Most of the coffee exported was grown around the main centers of population in the Central Plateau and then transported by oxcart to the Pacific port of Puntarenas after the main road was built in 1846.

By the mid-1850s the main market for coffee was Britain. It soon became a high priority to develop an effective transportation route from the Central Plateau to the Atlantic Ocean.

In exchange for completing the railroad, the Costa Rican government granted Keith large tracts of land and a lease on the train route, which he used to produce bananas and export them to the United States.

As a result, bananas came to rival coffee as the principal Costa Rican export, while foreign-owned corporations (including the United Fruit Company later) began to hold a major role in the national economy and eventually became a symbol of the exploitative export economy.

The major labor dispute between the peasants and the United Fruit Company was a major event in the country’s history and was an important step that would eventually lead to the formation of effective trade unions in Costa Rica, as the company was required to sign a collective agreement with its workers in 1938.

20th century

Historically, Costa Rica has generally enjoyed greater peace and more consistent political stability than many of its fellow Latin American nations. Since the late 19th century, however, Costa Rica has experienced two significant periods of violence.

In 1948, José Figueres Ferrer led an armed uprising in the wake of a disputed presidential election between Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia (who had been president between 1940 and 1944) and Otilio Ulate Blanco.

With more than 2,000 dead, the resulting 44-day Costa Rican Civil War was the bloodiest event in Costa Rica during the 20th century.

The victorious rebels formed a government junta that abolished the military altogether and oversaw the drafting of a new constitution by a democratically elected assembly.

Having enacted these reforms, the junta transferred power to Ulate on 8 November 1949. After the coup d’état, Figueres became a national hero, winning the country’s first democratic election under the new constitution in 1953.

Since then, Costa Rica has held 15 additional presidential elections, the latest in 2022. With uninterrupted democracy dating back to at least 1948, the country is the region’s most stable.

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History of Costa Rica

A brief history of Costa Rica, from Christopher Columbus through modern times.

Early History 

In 1502 when Christopher Columbus landed in Puerto Limon, less than 20 indigenous tribes occupied the lands which are now Costa Rica. The golden bands that the region's Carib Indians wore as earrings and nose rings inspired the crew to name the country Costa Rica, meaning Rich Coast. Columbus' arrival ultimately led to the eradication of these native populations as exotic diseases and fatal battles took their toll.

While large-scale colonization was rampant in other Central American countries, few Spanish colonists claimed lands in Costa Rica due to the lack of mineral wealth (gold and silver) and an abundant Indian population to work the land. Initial attempts to colonize coastal areas were unsuccessful due to the extreme heat, dense jungle and diseases such as Dengue fever and malaria. Colonists finally settled in the cooler, central highlands of Cartago in 1563. As most of the native population had perished, the settlers worked the land themselves and became small land owners. Cartago remained a provincial capital of colonial Spain for nearly two and a half centuries.

Independence

In 1821, Costa Rica and several other Central American provinces  declared their independence from Spain. Juan Mora Fernandez, elected the nation's first chief of state in 1824, initiated the construction of roads and ports and established a judicial system. Moreover, he encouraged coffee cultivation by providing free land grants to farmers. The cultivation of coffee would transform Costa Rica in the nineteenth century. At this time, only a few families owned sizable properties. As Costa Rica began to develop, these few families rich in land soon became some of the wealthiest in the country.

Coffee Trade

To support the coffee trade, an oxcart path was built from the fertile Central Valley, where most of the coffee was being grown, to the Caribbean coast for direct export to Europe. This trade ultimately opened doors to European influences as doctors, artisans and naturalists from Europe immigrated to Costa Rica in the 1850’s. The capital of San Jose rapidly developed and was one of the first three cities in the world to have electricity. 

In 1871, Jamaican slaves, Chinese indentured servants and American convicts were brought in to begin railroad construction. This was significant in that it would unite the coffee-growing Central Valley with the Caribbean port of Limon. The new railroad helped boost the coffee industry and the steady rise in coffee exports resulted in a wealthy upper class and a prosperous Costa Rican economy.

The Twentieth Century

The first democratic elections were held in 1889 and, other than two brief periods of violence, democracy has been synonymous with Costa Rica ever since.

In 1917, Federico Tinoco overthrew the elected president, Alfredo Gonzalez. Most Costa Ricans, as well as the United States, opposed Tinoco's overthrow, and he was deposed in 1919.

In the close presidential election of 1948, Rafael Calderon fraudulently claimed victory over Otilio Ulate. The dispute precipitated a six-week civil war, resulting in over 2000 deaths. Jose Ferrer, a supporter of Ulate, assumed presidency for 18 months before deferring to Ulate.

Economic and social reforms since 1948 have enabled the country to remain stable. A new constitution was adopted and elections have since been free and fair.

Costa Rica Today

Costa Rica still has a large agricultural sector including coffee, banana, pineapple and sugar exports. In the last twenty years, eco-tourism and technology have taken off and become top-earning industries in the country. Costa Ricans enjoy a high standard of living, and land ownership is widespread. The country boasts a high literacy rate, a large middle class and a stable government that has functioned without an army for more than 60 years.

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Tourism in Costa Rica

Development of the tourism sector in costa rica from 1995 to 2021.

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Welcome to the official site of Costa Rica

Welcome to Costa Rica! This beautiful country is known for its stunning beaches, lush rainforests, and incredible wildlife. Whether you’re looking for adventure or relaxation, Costa Rica has something for everyone.

Some of the top attractions include Arenal Volcano, Manuel Antonio National Park, La Paz Waterfalls, Papagayo Peninsula, Tamarindo beach, Rio Celeste, Monteverde Cloud Forest and Corcovado National Park.

You can enjoy activities such as surfing, snorkeling, fishing, ziplining and hiking. Costa Rica is also home to many unique and diverse animal species such as sloths, monkeys, birds, turtles and more. We hope you enjoy your stay!

The Costa Rica Essentials

Essential Costa Rica is about promoting organic ingredients, unspoiled nature and authentic experiences.

Fill your calendar with the most wonderful natural and wildlife events.

Sun and Beaches

Costa Rica occupies a privileged spot with beaches in the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean.

Costa Rica is a land of volcanoes, rainforests and cloud forests, huge waterfalls and mighty rivers.

If stress is a part of your daily life, Costa Rica is the cure.

Costa Rica has a great place to experience nature’s wonders with your children; the country is a must for families!

Costa Rica is considered one of the most bio-diverse regions in the world.

Costa Rica in English, means rich coast. Every cruise ship visiting Costa Rica understands why.

Costa Rica has a wholesome environment and is an excellent place for families.

The richness of Costa Rica stems from the cultural diversity of its people.

Honeymoon & Weddings

Costa Rica is waiting for you to live this experience.

Where to Go?

Located on the central Pacific coast, the Puntarenas region extends from Punta Conejo south to Puerto Caldera to the mouth of the Bongo River. The region’s rich coastline overlooks small islands, inlets, beaches and beautiful natural wonders. The port town of Puntarenas serves as the center of the region and is home port to a ferry that carries visitors over to the tip of the Nicoya Peninsula.

South Pacific

The combination of breath-taking white-sand beaches, sweeping mountain views and an ideal tropical climate has made Guanacaste one of Costa Rica’s most popular regions. It boasts many of the country’s popular beaches, including Playa del Coco, Playa Flamingo, Playa Conchal and the Papagayo Peninsula. By day visitors can challenge themselves with a surf lesson, cool off under a waterfall at Rincón de la Vieja National Park, discover the craters of an active volcano with the same name and more before enjoying the active nightlife in Tamarindo.

Northern Plains

Recognized as home of Arenal Volcano National Park, which boasts 75% of Costa Rica’s bird population, the Northern Plains present endless activities for visitors. Excursions range from hiking and waterfall rappelling to canopying and exploring via a hanging bridge tour. Those looking for activities on the water will find that Lake Arenal is an ideal location for canoeing, fishing and kite surfing.

Central Valley

Those in search of cultural and natural attractions will find both in the Central Valley region. Home to the destination’s capital city, San José, many of Costa Rica’s most popular museums can be found in this urban setting including the Gold Museum, Jade Museum, National Museum and Children’s Museum, in addition to the architectural jewel of San José, the National Theatre.

Central Pacific

Beautiful beaches, wildlife sanctuaries, lagoons, rivers and waterfalls make the Central Pacific region an ideal destination for visitors in search of variety. The region stretches from the city of Puntarenas to Dominical de Osa and is made up of some of Costa Rica’s most visited areas including Monteverde, Quepos, Jacó, Bahía Ballena and Manuel Antonio. The region’s climate creates a unique landscape that transitions from tropical wet forest to tropical forest to tropical dry forest, providing the opportunity to observe a wide range of plants and animals.

The diverse coastline of the Northern Caribbean region attracts anglers, naturists and water enthusiasts in search of unique experiences. The North Caribbean region is famous for its interconnected canals and for Tortuguero National Park, where visitors have the opportunity to witness green turtles nesting. Limón City, the largest city on the country’s Caribbean coast, is perched in the center of the coast. The Southern Caribbean boasts some great beaches and picturesque parks, which are complemented by the area’s inviting culture.

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World's largest independently owned Ecotourism / Green Travel / Sustainable Travel / Animal & Wildlife Conservation site. We share transformative Responsible Travel, Sustainable Living & Going Green Tips that make a positive impact.

Ecotourism in Costa Rica: The Ultimate Eco Travel Guide

Things To Do In Costa Rica  

Where to stay in costa rica  , culture & food in costa rica  , costa rica travel tips  , fun facts about costa rica, stories about costa rica  .

Costa Rica has been ranked among the world’s best ecotourism destinations  on more than one occasion, and became the first country in the Americas to ban hunting in 2012. As a result, its biodiversity is virtually unparalleled.

The first European to explore Costa Rica was Christopher Columbus, who arrived in 1502. By the time he arrived, there were four indigenous tribes in Costa Rica– the Caribs, Borucas, Chibchas, and Diquís tribes.

Few of these indigenous peoples survived the dawn of Spanish colonialism, and African slaves were brought in to work the land.

Despite its colonial past, Costa Rica eventually managed to achieve a lasting democracy. Unique among its Central American neighbors, it’s a peaceful country with no army, excellent infrastructure, a high standard of living, and impressive conservation efforts.

Check out our extensive guide to Costa Rica Ecotourism:

 Things To Do In Costa Rica 

Costa Rica boasts  26 National Parks , 58 wildlife refuges, 32 protected zones, 15 wetland areas, 11 forest reserves, and 8 biological reserves.

Over 25% of the country’s 19,730 square miles is protected from future development.

Ecotourism in Costa Rica encompasses a diverse array of ecosystems, from cloud forests and rainforests to wetlands and coastal marine areas.

With so many different things to do in Costa Rica, it can be difficult to narrow them down. However, there are certain places that should be a must-see on every eco-traveler’s itinerary.

1. Arenal Volcano National Park

One of the most active volcanoes in the world until 2010, the 5,480-foot  Arenal Volcano  dominates the landscape of northwestern Costa Rica. Located near the tiny town of La Fortuna, the volcano has been dormant for years. But the area remains a popular ecotourism destination thanks to Lake Arenal, La Fortuna Waterfall, and various hot springs. And of course the mountain still looms ominously over the verdant landscape, like a sleeping giant just waiting for the opportune moment to re-awaken.

2. Ballena Marine National Park

Ballena Marine National Park , one of the newest national parks in Costa Rica, is widely considered among the best places in the Americas for whale-watching. This is due to the fact that both Northern and Southern Humpback Whales migrate through this area. The park also offers 8.69 miles of beautiful beaches, a small estuary, and snorkeling Central America’s largest coral reef on the Pacific Ocean.

3. Caño Island

Located off the coast of the Osa Peninsula, Caño Island  became a biological reserve in 1978. Among the island’s towering evergreens, the Diquís tribe’s hand-carved stone spheres  have baffled archeologists for years. Caño Island is considered one of the world’s best Scuba diving spots: It’s surrounded by five platforms of coral reefs. Divers have the chance to see Eels, Lobsters, Sharks, Sea Turtles, and possibly Whales during winter.

4. Corcovado National Park

Described by National Geographic as “the most biologically intense place on earth,” Corcovado National Park  is the largest in Costa Rica . Located on the Osa Peninsuala, it’s a haven for bird-watchers, hikers, and wildlife photographers. There are 13 different ecosystems here, with extensive trails through highland cloud forest, mangrove swamps, lowland rain forests, and sandy beaches. The biodiversity in Corcovado is remarkable, ranging from Monkeys and Sloths to rare species such as Jaguars and Baird’s Tapirs.

5. Manuel Antonio National Park

Ranked among the world’s most beautiful national parks by Forbes , Manuel Antonio  annually attracts around 150,000 visitors. They’re drawn by its beautiful beaches and hiking trails through primary forest, secondary forest, mangrove swamps, and lagoons. The park boasts 184 species of birds and 109 species of mammals. The most frequently sighted are the Monkeys. But beware: They’ve become so habituated, they’re renowned for stealing food and other items!

6. Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve

When it comes to ecotourism in Costa Rica, Monteverde  ranks among the most beloved attractions. It’s easy to see why: With six different ecological zones, the reserve boasts extraordinary biodiversity. There are around 100 mammal species, 120 reptilian and amphibian species, 400 bird species, and more than 2,500 plant species. It also has a Nature Center, bat jungle, butterfly gardens, frog pond, and many hiking trails, suspension bridges, and ziplines.

7. Rincón de la Vieja

Located 17 miles north of Liberia,   Rincón de la Vieja National Park is named after its main attraction– a 6217-foot cinder volcano with nine craters. The Senduro Encantado hiking trail cuts through lowlands and into cloud forest, allowing visitors to spot abundant flora and fauna along the way. It also connects with the Pailas circuit trail, which passes sulphuric hot springs. Hikers can relax in the pools, which are naturally heated, before cooling off in the stream. For those in the mood for swimming, the Sendero Congreja trail leads to several cascading waterfalls and cool lagoons.

8. TABACÓN HOT SPRINGS

Long, hot days of ecotourism in Costa Rica can be exhausting. Sooth your aching bones in these naturally-heated thermal springs, which are surrounded by lushly landscaped gardens offering a picturesque view of Arenal Volcano. The strongest stream flows over a sculpted waterfall, providing a wonderfully intense hydraulic shoulder massage. There’s also an impressive spa here that offers professional massages and mud masks.

9. Tirimbina Biological Reserve

Located about 2 hours by car from San Jose, Tirimbina Biological Reserve  is one of the most educational experiences of ecotourism in Costa Rica. It’s got a prime location in Sarapiquí, between the forests and rivers of Costa Rica’s northern region. With nearly six miles of trails, there are opportunities for hiking through cacao plantations, wetlands, and secondary forests. There are also numerous guided tours available, offering visitors a chance to learn more about bats, birds, frogs, and chocolate.

10. Tortugero National Park

Located on the Caribbean coast, this pristine 77,000-acre protected area is a poster child for Costa Rica’s ecotourism efforts. Accessible only by boat or plane, Tortugero National Park   boasts 11 different habitats within its boundaries. The best way to explore it is by boat, due to the dense network of creeks and lagoons. Tortuguero is famous for its sea turtle nesting beaches. With a hired guide, you can visit the beaches at night, which is the best time to see Green, Hawksbill, Leatherbacks, and Loggerhead turtles laying their eggs.

 Where To Stay In Costa Rica 

The numbers next to the hotels correspond to the attractions on the list above.

Tabacon Grand Spa Thermal Resort  (La Fortuna #1,#8)

This family-friendly resort in La Fortuna offers a full-service spa, relaxing hot springs on-site, and tour packages to nearby attractions such as Arenal Volcano and Arenal Natura Ecological Park. The resort participates in the Sustainable Tourism Education Program (STEP), and is a member of the Leading Hotels of the World.  Check Rates

Leaves and Lizards Retreat  (Arenal Volcano #1, #8)

This rustic retreat offers stunning panoramic views of Arenal and the surrounding mountains. Choose from cozy cabins, spacious villas, and the one-of-a-kind Hobbit House, all of which feature quaint, eco-friendly decor. The property is a working farm, with horseback riding, yoga, and a farm-to-table restaurant on-site.  Check Rates

Kurá Design Villas  (Uvita #2, #5)

Located high in the hills above Uvita, this posh boutique hotel offers a blend of upscale design, traditional cultural influences, and a wealth of sustainability initiatives. There’s an excellent restaurant on-site, and a gorgeous L-shaped infinity pool affording exceptional views of Ballena Marine National Park.  Check Rates    READ MORE: Review of Kura Design Villas

Casa Corcovado Jungle Lodge   (Osa Peninsula #3, #4)

With no roads, no airport, and the nearest town two hours away, Corcovado National Park is REALLY “away from it all.” Located on its border, this eco-lodge is as close as you can get to Corcovado without sleeping in a tent. It’s also one of the few hotels awarded “Five Leaves” for sustainability by the Costa Rican Tourism Institute.  Check Rates   READ MORE: Review of Casa Corcovado

Hotel Belmar   (Monteverde #6)

A pioneer of ecotourism in Monteverde, Hotel Belmar was the second hotel ever built in the cloud forest. Recent renovations marked a major upgrade, with sustainability initiatives earning 5-Leaf recognition from CRTI. Their Chalet rooms put guests in the heart of the forest, with a spa, farm-to-table food, and nature hikes making the hotel a Monteverde must-see.  Check Rates

Tango Mar (Tambor #7)

Located on the Nicoya Peninsula, this beachfront boutique hotel offers a remote romantic getaway that mixes nature and luxury in equal measure. Amenities include restaurant, spa, several pools, and an uncrowded, picturesque beach. Families can rent out their spacious villas, which offer stunning views of the Pacific’s crashing waves.  Check Rates

Located on 10 acres near Tirimbina Biological Reserve, this rustic eco-lodge is a nature-lover’s haven. Their spacious, thatched-roof bungalows all have porches with hammocks and rocking chairs. Walking trails lead to ponds, a butterfly garden, and a frog habitat. Massages and local tours are also available.  Check Rates

Mawamba Lodge  (Tortuguero #10)

Nestled between the Caribbean and canals of Tortuguero National Park, Mawamba is where the idea for GGT was born. There are no roads, and the river feels like a mini-Amazon. From boat rides through wildlife-rich canals to nighttime hikes to see nesting Sea Turtles, it’s a perfect place to see how ecotourism and conservation connect.  Check Rates

Hotel Parque del Lago  (San Jose)

Located 20 minutes from the airport, this boutique hotel makes a great base for exploring San Jose. They’ve earned a 3-Leaf rating for sustainability, and the ICONOS Restaurant was among our favorite in Costa Rica. Best of all, it’s next to the Parque Metropolitano La Sabana, the city’s “Central Park”– 72-acre urban forest with a lake.  Check Rates

Disclaimer: Green Global Travel uses affiliate links within our articles (no additional cost to you).  Above you’ll find our affiliate links to the Hotels and Eco Lodges that we recommend.

 Culture & Food In Costa Rica 

Costa rica food & restaurants.

Costa Rican food shares similarities with other types of Latin American cuisine. But the inclusion of ample exotic fruits and fresh vegetables makes it a little healthier.

The increasing number of tourists visiting Costa Rica’s larger cities has resulted in a greater variety of restaurants, from Japanese sushi bars to Italian cafés. Still, there are plenty of traditional dishes on offer.

Costa Rican food tends to be mild, with rice and black beans forming the basis for most dishes.

Casado is a traditional lunch dish and the most common meal in Costa Rica. It consists of rice and beans, served with a choice of meat and grilled onions.

Another popular traditional dish is Ceviche , which consists of raw fish and seafood, marinated in lemon juice and herbs.

Costa Rica Arts & Culture

Over recent years, artists in Costa Rica have become bolder and braver, taking more risks in their work. Escazú, in the province of San José, is home to many contemporary artists.

In 1991 the Centre for Creative Arts, which runs various courses and offers studio space for artists, opened in Santa Ana.

Costa Rica has no army. But it does boast a National Symphony Orchestra, a Youth Symphony Orchestra, and two government-funded universities with respected music programs.

As a result, the country has produced many contemporary classical composers, including Alejandro Cardona, Bernal Flores, Benjamín Gutiérrez and Luis Diego Herra.

While the country’s most popular musical forms– calypso, disco, pop, salsa, and merengue– were all imported, there has been a resurgence of interest in the nation’s pre-Columbian folk traditions.

Local bands such as Gandhi and Evolución emerged as part of the Rock en Español movement, while Malpaís has had great success mixing Costa Rican folk with rock and jazz influences.

Costa Rica Recreation

Soccer is the national sport of Costa Rica, and a beloved community activity. Casual pick-up games happen so often that visitors are likely to get the chance to join in, if they know where to look.

Games often take place in public parks in small towns and cities.

Ecotourism in Costa Rica is world-renowned for good reason. There are plenty of adventurous outdoor activities to choose from.

Hiking trails cross the national parks, allowing visitors to hike through numerous different ecosystems in one day. Whitewater rafting on the Rio Pacuare is also a popular pastime.

Watersports can be enjoyed all along the coast of Costa Rica. Kayaking is a great way to explore the rivers and mangrove estuaries, and sea kayaking has become increasingly popular.

Underwater visibility in some areas is murky at best. But excellent Scuba diving opportunities can be found off Caño Island, the Catalina Islands, and Cocos Island.

 Fun Facts About Costa Rica 

3 Fantastic Costa Rica Photo Opportunities

• La Selva Biological Station is a birdwatchers paradise with over 400 species, including hummingbirds and tanagers.
• Head for the hills above Uvita at low tide to get a stunning photo of the Whale Tail-shaped sandbar at Ballena Marine National Park.
• Tenorio National Park’s Celeste River is a brilliant turquoise color due to a chemical reaction caused by volcanic minerals.

Only in Costa Rica

• “Pura Vida” is Costa Rica’s unofficial slogan. Used often by locals to summarize their happy philosophy, it means “pure life.”

• Costa Rica is home to the biggest oxcart and yoke in the world, which is currently on display at the Oxcart Factory in Sarchi.

• The hand-carved stone spheres of Costa Rica are one of the country’s biggest mysteries. Nobody is quite sure of their original purpose.

• Locals refer to themselves as “Ticos” (male) and “Ticas” (female).

Costa Rica Fun Facts

• Costa Rica is home to over 52 different species of hummingbird.
• Costa Ricans have a life expectancy of 79 years, which is ranks as one of the highest in the world.
• There are over 100 protected areas in Costa Rica, including both land and marine reserves.
• Tree frogs account for about one-third of the frog population in the country.

 Costa Rica Travel Tips 

Capital: San José

Language: Spanish (official); English

Population: 4,755,234 (est 2014)

Area: 51,100 square km (19,730 square miles)

Currency: Costa Rican colón

Timezone: CST UTC/GMT – 6 hours

Calling codes: +506

Electrical voltage: 120V/60hz. You don’t need a power plug adapter in Costa Rica, when living in the United States of America.

In Costa Rica the power sockets are of type A (2 holes) and B (3 holes).

Climate: The climate of Costa Rica is tropical, but many different microclimates exist. The average temperature is 70 to 81 F (21 to 27 C) and rainy season is May – November

Airports: Aeropuerto Internacional Juan Santamaria (San José) is the main airport. Domestic flights go from San José to Bahía Drake, Barra del Colorado, Golfito, Liberia, Palmar Sur, Playa Nosara, Playa Sámara/Carrillo, Playa Tamarindo, Puerto Jiménez, Quepos, Tambor and Tortuguero.

Tap water in urban areas is usually safe to drink. However, be cautious in rural areas with questionable water sources.

Costa Rica has one of the highest levels of medical care in the world. Its doctors are known as some of the best.

Transportation

Some Costa Rican roads are rough, so short distances can take a long time. If you see something poking out of the road, there’s probably a deep sinkhole. Stay away from it . Don’t drive at night if you can avoid it.

Taxi rates are reasonable, and most hotels can arrange a driver. The meter is called la maria:  Ask the driver to turn it on immediately upon getting in the car to ensure fair pricing for your ride.

Money exchange is provided at most banks, but state banks such as Banco Nacional have lower rates. Always insist that your change be in small bills, as large bills are difficult to change in small towns.

Tipping 

Tipping tour guides, drivers, and maids is always appreciated. Restaurant bills often include a 10% gratuity, but you can leave an extra tip for good service.

 Stories About Costa Rica 

40 Amazing Costa Rican Animals

Costa Rica is a wildlife-lover’s dream come true. This epic photo gallery should give you a taste of why we keep going back to see Costa Rica’s animals over and over again.    Read More

Tortuguero National Park

Tortuguero is a nature lover’s paradise, with nighttime tours in search of sea turtles   coming on the beach to nest producing spectacular views of star-lit skies.   Read More

Corcovado National Park

My Stupid Mistake in Corcovado National Park Costa Rica. How one lame-brained decision nearly sent me to the hospital in the remote Osa Peninsula.   Read More

Scuba Diving Caño Island

Caño Island boasts some of the planet’s healthiest coral reefs, and provides birthing and mating waters for humpback whales. In terms of mainland   Costa Rica scuba diving, its bounty of blessings is unparalleled.   Read More

Corcovado National Park: A Journey Into Remote Costa Rica

A story about leaving the city, heading into wilderness & finding yourself in the process.   Read More

The Stone Spheres of Costa Rica

The Mystery of the Stone Spheres of Costa Rica: Visiting Finca 6 Archaeological Site in the Diquís Delta of Costa Rica.   Read More

Top 20 Things To Do in Costa Rica (for Nature & History Lovers)

The top 20 Things to Do In Costa Rica (For Nature & History Lovers), including Arenal Volcano, Caño Negro Wildlife Refuge, Corcovado National Park, Manuel Antonio National Park, Monteverde Cloud Forest, Playa Montezuma, mysterious stone spheres, Tabacón Hot Springs, Tortuguero National Park, and much more. Read More

Kurá Design Villas  (Uvita) –  Located high in the hills above Uvita, this posh boutique hotel offers upscale design, traditional cultural influences, and a wealth of sustainability initiatives. There’s an excellent restaurant on-site, and a gorgeous L-shaped infinity pool affording exceptional views of Ballena Marine National Park.    READ MORE: Our Review of Kura Design Villas

Casa Corcovado Jungle Lodge  (Osa Peninsula) –  With no roads, no airport, and the nearest town two hours away, Corcovado National Park is REALLY “away from it all.” Located on its border, this eco-lodge is as close as you can get to Corcovado without sleeping in a tent. It’s also one of the few hotels awarded “Five Leaves” for sustainability by the Costa Rican Tourism Institute.   READ MORE: Our Review of Casa Corcovado

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Paradise Flawed: Contemporary Costa Rica and its Future

Costa rica’s businesses blame central bank for job losses, costa rica’s president: closing darién to migrants is difficult, costa rica’s water infrastructure fails to meet community needs, how did the costa rica president pay for his house.

There is no doubt that Costa Rica is a natural paradise. But none of Earth’s paradise is perfect. One out of every six Costa Ricans misses a meal every day, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization. In 2020, fewer than two out of every three people aged 18-22 had graduated from high school. The Central American country’s homicide rate has dramatically increased since the 1990s.

Costa Rica has long prided itself on its commitment to democracy, security, social justice and a fair distribution of wealth. Yet there are flaws in paradise.

On September 22, 2023, the Organismo de Investigación Judicial announced that there had been 655 homicides during the year which already surpassed the record number of homicides during 2022. The homicide rate (ranked 5 or 12 per 100,000) was still far behind that of Guatemala and El Salvador (18), and Honduras (38), but the increase has many citizens worried about security. The narcotics trade is responsible for the large majority of the killings.

On November 1, President Rodrigo Chaves lauded his Salvadoran colleague Najib Bukele for transforming El Salvador into one of the “safest nations” in the world. Chaves complained that Costa Rica could not follow Bukele’s methods because that would necessitate congressional action to strengthen the executive branch in order to limit individual rights and social guarantees. Yet, Chaves commented that the 2026 the presidential election could lead to a Bukele-style solution to the problem of violence in this once tranquil country.

The Salvadoran example contrasts notably with the historical models Costa Rica has followed: Great Britain as a model of liberal democracy in the 1900s, Belgium as a model of social inclusion in the 1940s, and Nordic countries as models for social democratic development in the 1970s. Could political authoritarianism be the magic formula to make Costa Rica return to its peaceful roots? Was Costa Rica becoming its “other” and if so, why?

Costa Rica has long proudly, if not arrogantly, differentiated itself from its isthmian neighbors—and, indeed, most of Latin America. Setting aside racist or mythical explanations, the Costa Rica uniqueness stemmed from a combination of geographical and sociological conditions. Its remoteness insulated it from the exactions of Spanish colonial authority and from the Central American federal wars during the 1820s-1830s.

Moreover, Costa Rica’s elite could not employ violent repressive methods to exploit the population primarily due to the absence of a large Indigenous population and to the prevalence of a small and medium peasantry that could expand with the open agrarian frontier. Three political decisions marked the country’s particularity: the openness of election competition to all adult males after 1884 (women obtained the franchise in1949), a significant increase of investment in public education instead of the standing army (abolished in 1948) and social reforms that were consolidated during the early 1940s. The social reforms included the creation of a national health insurance system—the Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS)—the University of Costa Rica (UCR) and a progressive Labor Code.

Following the civil war of 1948, the new government severely repressed the Left and its allied unions. The victors in the war under José Figueres and his Partido Liberación Nacional (PLN, founded in 1951) then won most presidential and legislative elections over the next decades. They built upon the social reforms of the 1940s and created an anti-communist model of social democracy that promoted massive increase in public employment, public unions and public institutions. This model of governance, merging new and old social policies, worked efficiently to democratize the country and to elevate the standard of living of ordinary citizens.

Yet, the cost of the welfare state policies came back to haunt Costa Rica. When the oil crisis occurred in the 1970s, its international debt became a critical problem. During 1980-1981, the country went through an intense economic crisis. Negotiations with the International Monetary Fund compelled the political class to introduce structural adjustment programs.

By the end of the 1980s, Costa Rica had embraced the Washington Consensus: privatization, financial liberalization and deregulation, creating reforms designed to drastically reduce state intervention in the economy and society. Financial capital with its emphasis on imports and subsidy elimination undermined the campesino economy and, with it, small-town rural society. In the cities, private hospitals and schools became increasingly attractive to the middle classes; public education and health deteriorated significantly.

Instead of increasing the quality of life for Costa Ricans—as promised by politicians and neoliberal economists—inequality has reached dramatic proportions: in 2023, 1% of the population receives an income larger than the total income of 50% of the population. A 2020-2023 Food and Agriculture Organization report noted an increase in food insecurity.

The quality of public education—long the path to social mobility—has declined markedly. Due to the 1980-1981 economic crisis, it was not until 2000 that Costa Rica recuperated the rate it had before 1980: 60.9% of the school-age population were attending schools. However, as noted above, graduation rates have plummeted among young people.

The quality and reach of public education only got worse with Covid-19. And sharp budget cutbacks have continued the downward spiral now affecting large swaths of society. Rather than stable employment with benefits, working-class youths looked for their livelihood in the informal sector which grew from 40% to 47% between 2010 and 2019 (the average in the continent as a whole is approximately 52%).

It is not then surprising that children and teenagers drop out of school and became easy prey for drug dealers. Youths are engaged in a neoliberal culture where expensive brands entice them. A report in Costa Rica’s La Nación recently detailed how drug gangs recruit children and teenagers in a town in the province of Cartago put them to work as lookouts and mulas. Drug gangs pay for them with cell phones, designer sneakers and expensive clothes.

A brief history of a town on the other side of the central valley in Alajuela province sheds some light on this relatively new situation. In 1980, the large majority of the 2,000 residents of Santa Lucía (not its real name) either worked as small or medium producers or as agricultural laborers on the coffee and sugar cane plantations on the edge of the town. With few exceptions the older generation lacked secondary school education.

In the 1980s, however, the children of small and middle peasants often attended secondary school and even the university. They would go on to become teachers or other professionals. Even the children of plantation laborers often managed to climb out of poverty. In part, their success was due to the fluid social relations that characterized the town.

With the exception of the family who owned the largest cane and coffee plantation, there was a great deal of social interaction among the distinct classes due to community activities—especially soccer—but also through friendships developed in primary school. Such inter-class relations often benefited laboring-class children who obtained loans to establish small businesses or better employment, usually in agriculture. There were also inter-class marriages.

Forty years later, the 20,000-resident town barely resembles itself. Nicaraguan immigrants work the fields, cut the cane and pick the coffee. Even the second generation is weakly integrated into town life. Very few of the original families have anything to do with agriculture. The small fincas have been subdivided among the offspring to build their homes.

About one out of every four residents has moved from cities, converting Santa Lucía into something of a rural suburb. The older generation tends not to interact with any newcomers. The social cohesion that still exists in the town derives from extended family ties, from the Catholic Church and from soccer. Those ties are crucial in facing emergencies but can do relatively little to help the new generation to gain a toehold in the formal economy, even though many graduate from high school.

The local drug trade emerged during this social transformation, leaving many youths unmoored from traditional norms and opportunities. Allied with national drug clanes, the local actors avail themselves of networks of extended family ties to sell throughout the towns in the area. Choosing between selling tomatoes in the markets and selling drugs, many saw the latter as the better economic option.

Law enforcement never had any permanent presence in the town and in general people have little trust in authorities. Most family members disdain the drug trade, but they can be trusted to be quiet and to treat the dealers as family, however distant. Although no homicides have occurred in Santa Lucía, it seems that is just a matter of time.

The narcotics trade made its appearance in the 1980s but initially only used the country as a trans-shipment point. During the 2000s, the U.S. government took advantage of the War on Drugs to gain official access so that its ships could patrol the Central American coasts, thus compelling the Colombian and Mexican trafficking cartels to build new drug routes through the isthmus.

Commenting on the transformation over the past two decades, La Nación editorialized, “We are on longer a transshipment point for foreign cartels nor do Costa Ricans merely play support roles. The country and its delinquents are now protagonists in the international drug trade.” Summarizing a police report, the editorial remarked on the rise of Costa Rican minicarteles.

The cartels promoted local gangs by paying them with drugs, particularly in those peripheral geographical regions (Limón, Puntarenas and Guanacaste). In those areas, almost entirely dependent on the foreign-controlled tourism industry, the demise of the banana industry with its strong unions, along with the decline of public services, has contributed to the impoverishment of local youth and their availability for the drug trade.

Other than President Chaves’ dream of a Salvadoran solution, there are no serious plans to confront this cycle of violence and despair. The PLN has long ago shed its social democratic program, though some groups hope to revive some version of it to confront the social crisis. The Left, now grouped in the Frente Amplio, won six deputies (out of 57) in the 2022 election but they seem to be more caught up in cultural politics than in fostering those social movements that might begin to reverse the on-going depletion of public resources.

The previous administrations have denuded the public sector unions and systematically attacked and defunded the public universities. But there are dissenting voices.

As the rector of the Universidad Estatal a Distancia, Rodrigo Arias Camacho, stated, “… the universities have been the bulwark of the estado social de derecho [a constitution-based order that affords basic welfare and a defense of human rights to its people]. Now is the time of resistance. We must unfurl the banner of the Estado Social de Derecho.” The public universities remain a democratic bastion of critical thought and social commitment—of hope for this country that once represented democratic hope for the region.

Often supported by university students and faculty, social movements of resistance sporadically emerge. Indeed, in August, 2020, in the middle of the pandemic, a new protest movement called Movimiento de Rescate Nacional showed that highly diverse groups, including merchants, farmers, transport workers, students and others, could forge alliances to resist a series of governmental measures, including anti-labor laws and regressive taxes. Yet, the movement could not sustain itself.

Social inequality can only be defeated by specific social policies that guarantee access to quality public education—a plan to modernize public education is fundamental to remove children and teenagers from the hands of the narcotraficantes. The state must respect the constitutional order to finance public education and revamp the national health system.

Costa Rica may still seem like a paradise to tourists and it remains so for the upper- middle class and the elite. Like so many other Latin America citizens, faced with social anomie and crime, the authoritarian right has become attractive. Social movements need to dig deep into their social democratic past to find alternative models and to find the courage to renovate its social pact and to avoid a further descent into political, social and economic despair.

About the Authors

David Díaz-Arias is Professor of History at the Universidad de Costa Rica.

Jeffrey L. Gould is Distinguished Visiting Professor of Modern History and International Relations in the School of Historical Studies at the Institute for Advanced Study (Princeton, NJ)

This article was originally published in the Revista Harvard Review of Latin America.

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“I discovered a Costa Rica of flavors”

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The Costa Rican Tourism Institute invites you to taste Costa Rican gastronomy, learn about its history, products and recipes through an immersive trip to the areas of Caño Negro, Tortuguero, Golfito and Pavones, San Vito de Coto Bus and Pérez Zeledón.

“I discovered a Costa Rica of flavors” is the name of the audiovisual series of five videos that will be enjoyed on the ICT’s Facebook, Instagram and YouTube channel for the second consecutive year, along with the story of local entrepreneurs and some sodas from these areas. Complementary audiovisuals of stories of gastronomic entrepreneurs called “Con las Manos” will also be included and “The Taste of Sodas” will be shown.

Taste and crave

For the second consecutive year, the Costa Rican Tourism Institute (ICT) invites Costa Ricans to do tourism in different regions of the country, placing gastronomy as a delicious travel motivator, through the audiovisual series “I discovered a Costa Rica of flavors”, leading them to explore, taste and crave the ingredients, products, recipes, traditions and culinary identity of the North-North, North Caribbean and Brunca regions.

In this season of the series that will run from April to June, tourist destinations and communities stand out such as Caño Negro, in Los Chiles; Tortuguero, Pérez Zeledón, San Vito de CotoBrus, Golfito and Pavones. The premieres will be made weekly on the ICT social networks on Facebook, the YouTube channel (Costa Rican Institute of Tourism) and Instagram (oficial_ict).

Craving dishes from these regions such as smoked meat, seafood soup or Caño Negro sponge cakes; the green plantain hash with pork from San Vito de CotoBrus; “Bien me sabe”, the piangua ceviche or the sour “atoll” from Golfito are some examples of the dishes to be shown in the audiovisual material.

A virtual gastronomic trip

“We invite Costa Ricans to take a virtual gastronomic trip through these videos, hoping that it will later lead them to decide to personally explore each of these areas, taste their rich and extensive gastronomy, learn about their history, traditions and discover the beauties natural that hide in each place. Without a doubt, gastronomy is one of the travel motivators par excellence,” said Ireth Rodríguez, head of promotion at the ICT.

The communication tactic “Discover a Costa Rica of Flavors” is part of the ICT strategy called “Costa Rica, a country of flavors to discover,” which invites travelers to visit places in the country motivated by their flavors and ingredients.

Complementary ingredients

In addition to the five main videos of the “Discover a Costa Rica of flavors” tactic, the ICT will also share five video stories on its social networks, under the name “With the hands”, from entrepreneurs from Caño Negro, San Vito, Golfito , Tortuguero and Pérez Zeledón, who have made a name for themselves among their neighbors for their good spoon.

In addition, there is the complementary series called “The flavor of sodas”, composed of three videos, each of them recorded at “Soda Las Palmeras”, in Caño Negro; “Soda Ebenezer”, in Pavones de Golfito and “Soda Fresia”, in San Vito, as places that every tourist should visit when traveling to these locations.

The first edition of “Discover a Costa Rica of flavors” was launched in January 2023 and documented tourist and gastronomic material on Isla Venado, Punta C oral and Tambor, in the Pacific; Nicoya, Guaitil de Santa Cruz, Artola de Sardinal and Pozo de Agua, in Guanacaste ; Bananito de San Andrés, Puerto Viejo, Meleruk, from the Bribri territory of Talamanca and central Limón; Santa Cruz de Turrialba, BirrísUjarrás, Paraíso de Cartago, Llano Grande Cartago and Barrio Los Ángeles de Cartago.

According to the study “Image and positioning of Costa Rica as a tourist destination (post-pandemic scenario)”, prepared in May 2023 for the ICT by the Spanish company Two Much Research Studio, the traveler who visits us is interested in enjoying gastronomy, especially eating local food, the same one that Costa Ricans taste. 47% of those surveyed in the study highlighted “delicious food” as part of the country’s image, exceeding the 42.5% who responded the same in 2018.

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• A Bevy of Luxury Resorts Is About to Transform This Quiet Costa Rica Province

A Waldorf, a Ritz-Carlton Reserve, a Six Senses, and more than a dozen others are transforming the nation's once sleepy Gold Coast into a scene out of St. Tropez.

Melinda fulmer.

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When Chris Ingham Brooke, a digital publishing entrepreneur, first came to Nosara, Costa Rica in 2016 it was just a sleepy little surf town, with one main drag and jungle stretching to the sand.  

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“It had become really vibrant and interesting,” he said. Still, there weren’t many options when it came to luxury family-friendly accommodations.  

He bought a commercial lot and three years later, in March, opened Silvestre—a boutique resort with nine, 1,000-square-foot residences, a rooftop bar, a yoga studio, and a surf “concierge.” Located steps from the beach path to Playa Guiones, Silvestre sits on one of the most consistent surf breaks in the world. 

International visitors to Costa Rica jumped 17 percent last year from 2022, and the number of visitors this January was up 59 percent from January 2023 with new direct flights being added from Los Angeles, Chicago, Denver, Minneapolis, and Houston, according to the Costa Rican Tourism Board.    

While Costa Rica’s draw is not its amenities or nightlife (although they are improving), the year-round warm weather makes it a polestar for outdoors addicts, with perfect conditions for surfing, snorkeling, hiking, and mountain biking. The jet set here are more likely to gather to watch sunsets than disco. It’s much-touted Blue Zone wellness culture and unspoiled beaches and forests are bait for chakras that are better aligned. 

What’s coming to Guanacaste

An incredible 18 properties are slated to open by 2025, including two new luxury properties that will hit the market at the end of this year: Nekajui, a Ritz Carlton Reserve Hotel and Residences and Waldorf Astoria Costa Rica Punta Cacique. A Six Senses Resort and Spa Papagayo is expected to open in late 2025. 

The Waldorf Astoria, located 30 minutes from the Liberia Airport, will have 188 guest rooms and suites and 41 residences built into the hillside with its own sandy beach, signature restaurants, cenote-themed spa, teen center, and kids club, including eco-tourism experiences in the surrounding área. 

“We won’t just take care of the kids at the club, we will help them experience different things about the country,” said Valeria Nowotny, vice president of operations for Hilton’s resorts in the Caribbean, Mexico, and Central America. “Visitors here are looking for a nature experience, mixed with a little local culture.”

For luxury travelers that have struggled to find a resort in the right location with the right amenities and polish, these properties will provide new reasons to return to Guanacaste, with expanding infrastructure and more paved roads making it easier to get from place to place. 

And, despite the construction boom in the Papagayo Peninsula, the área is unlikely to be overbuilt anytime soon, thanks to the vast Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG) , a UNESCO World Heritage site protecting wildlife on 400,000 acres from the shore of the Pacific surrounding these hotels to the lowland rainforests in the Caribbean basin. And while many locals complain that the nearby city of Tamarindo is becoming more like Cancun, there are limits to access on water rights to restrict development here and across Costa Rica, said Wagner Loria, an agent with Keller Williams Tamarindo.

Further south, in Nosara there are also protections that keep developers from building directly on the beach, leaving views pristine. 

“There’s a very powerful community here that’s very protective of the town,” said Brooke. “When you look back from the beach, all you can see is jungle. That makes it a very special place.”

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Ultimate Guide: The Best Things to Do in San Jose, Costa Rica!

N o, not just food (though that's a delight too!), but the experiences, the places to visit, the hidden gems that only the locals know about?

Fear not, traveler, for Kevin Erickson is here with the inside scoop.

• The charm of historic Barrio Amón .
• The glint and glamour of the Pre-Columbian Gold Museum .
• Why Café Hopping is an absolute must in Costa Rica.
• Nightlife in San Jose that will keep your feet tapping.
• Day trips from San Jose you can't miss out on.

San Jose: More Than Just a Transit Point

According to the Costa Rica Tourism Board, over 1.2 million tourists land their feet in San Jose each year.

A surprising fact, given that many perceive it merely as a gateway to Costa Rica's ethereal beaches and rainforests.

But guess what? San Jose is an experience, a delightful blend of modern city hustle with a soulful Latin touch.

As Anthony Faiola , a correspondent for the Washington Post, once said,

"San Jose is Costa Rica's heart and soul. It's a city with a vibrant culture, a rich history, and a doorway to the country's stunning landscapes."

Dive Deep into the Golden Hues

Speaking of rich history, did you know that San Jose houses one of the most significant gold museums in Latin America?

The Pre-Columbian Gold Museum , with over 1,600 gold artifacts dating from 500 AD to 1500 AD, tells tales of the city's golden past.

And no, it's not just for history buffs! The sheer brilliance of the craft will leave you in awe.

The Brewed Delights of San Jose

Alright, let's talk about coffee. Costa Rica's coffee is not just famous; it's legendary !

When in San Jose, café hopping is not just recommended, it's a lifestyle. Take a barista course or simply indulge in the rich flavors of the local beans.

Pro tip? Seek out the cafes where locals go, not just the touristy spots.

There, you'll find coffee made with love and an atmosphere brimming with stories.

The Lively Pulse of the Night

The sun might set, but San Jose doesn't sleep.

The nightlife here is a lively amalgamation of Latin beats, contemporary music, and some fantastic local brews.

Dance, sing, or just tap your feet - San Jose after dark is an experience you'll cherish.

More Than Just a Day’s Adventure

San Jose’s charm doesn't end within the city's boundaries. Its strategic central location in Costa Rica makes it a prime hub for various day trips, each offering a unique experience of its own.

Imagine waking up to the idea of visiting an active volcano.

Not far from San Jose is the La Paz Waterfall Gardens . As you walk through cloud forests and past cascading waterfalls, you can't help but be in awe of nature's beauty. Don't forget to drop by their wildlife refuge, home to jaguars, pumas, and myriad birds, offering you a snapshot of Costa Rica's rich biodiversity.

Coffee lovers, San Jose has something special for you too! The Central Valley is the heartland of Costa Rican coffee production. You can take a tour of the coffee plantations, learning about the intricate processes that transform the humble coffee bean into the aromatic brew we all love. The best part? Most tours end with a fresh brew, letting you savor the local flavors right where they're grown.

For those who seek a bit of culture and history, the town of Cartago , a short drive from San Jose, beckons. As the erstwhile capital of Costa Rica, it is rich in colonial architecture and home to the revered Basilica of Our Lady of the Angels, a pilgrimage site for many.

Lastly, for a touch of luxury and some stunning views, head to Escazú . Known as the 'Beverly Hills' of Costa Rica, it offers upscale dining, shopping, and panoramic views of the city below.

In essence, San Jose serves not just as a destination but a gateway. A gateway to myriad experiences, landscapes, and stories that lie just a drive away. So, when in San Jose , venture out and let the surrounding regions narrate their tales.

What's the best time to visit San Jose?

December to April, during the dry season, is often considered the best time. However, the green season, from May to November, has its charm with fewer crowds and lush scenery.

Is San Jose safe for tourists?

Like any major city, San Jose has its safer areas and spots where you should be cautious. Common sense and standard travel safety precautions should always be followed.

How many days should I spend in San Jose?

Two to three days is usually sufficient to explore the city's main attractions. However, with day trips in the picture, you could easily spend a week around San Jose.

Is English widely spoken in San Jose?

Yes, English is widely understood in tourist areas, hotels, and major attractions. However, a few Spanish phrases will be appreciated by locals!

Is the tap water safe to drink?

In San Jose, tap water is generally safe to drink. However, if you have a sensitive stomach, opting for bottled water might be best.

San Jose, Costa Rica, with its urban vibrancy meshed beautifully with rich cultural tapestries, truly stands as a testament to the wonders that Central America offers. It isn't just a transit hub, but a treasure trove of experiences waiting to be discovered.

The city whispers tales of history , dances to the tune of modernity, and flirts with the beauty of nature. Its allure extends beyond its borders, beckoning adventurers to explore further.

When planning your next trip, let San Jose be more than a layover; make it a destination. Dive deep, explore its corners, and let the city's heartbeat synchronize with yours.

For in its streets, parks, and nearby attractions, you'll find a piece of Costa Rica that will etch its way into your heart, compelling you to return.

• Costa Rica Tourism Board
• Washington Post
• Pre-Columbian Gold Museum

10 Best Hostels in San Jose, Costa Rica

Home | Travel | Central America | Costa Rica | 10 Best Hostels in San Jose, Costa Rica

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There are many hostels in San José, Costa Rica , offering the perfect opportunity to stay in comfortable accommodation at a great price. While many travelers prefer the convenience of a hotel, staying in a hostel allows you to mingle with other tourists, enjoy group activities, and, of course, save money.

In addition, San José is one of the main cities to visit in Costa Rica , so you’ll probably want to spend a few days discovering its attractions. While it’s not known for its beauty, San José has a wealth of culture, history, and gastronomy, making it an interesting place to visit in Costa Rica .

If you’re not sure where to stay in Costa Rica and you’re flying into the capital, I’ve got you covered. This guide has the 10 best hostels in San José , with details about each one’s unique characteristics so you can find your perfect fit.

1. Costa Rica Backpackers , the best hostel in San José, Costa Rica

The first San José hostel that I recommend is Costa Rica Backpackers . Its privileged location will allow you to enjoy all the points of interest in San José since it’s located in the heart of the city.

Here, you’ll find private rooms, shared dormitories, and female or male-only dorms so you can choose the most comfortable option for you. There is also an outdoor pool and a beautiful garden where you can get some peace and quiet after a day of sightseeing. Moreover, the property has a restaurant with great prices, so you can eat here and still travel cheaply .

As one of the best-located hostels in San José , the complex is close to all kinds of bars, restaurants, and entertainment venues, so you can make the most of your vacation. Overall, it’s an excellent option if you want comfort at a decent price.

2. Selina San José , another one of the best hostels in San José

Selina San Jose is another beautiful hostel in San José , featuring modern facilities and stunning rooms. Plus, it’s just 300 meters from Parque España, so you can walk to all the main tourist sites in the city.

Here, you don’t have to sacrifice comfort for a good price. The shared rooms accommodate 4, 6, or 8 guests and have privacy curtains and lights on each of the beds . There are also private rooms for up to 4 people, so it’s a budget-friendly choice for groups or families. Of course, you can also rent the apartment, which features a living room and an equipped kitchen for preparing meals.

Another nice thing about this complex is its coworking area , allowing you to get work done while traveling. However, if you want to fully relax and have fun, there are ample opportunities since the rec room on the terrace has billiards, darts, and group movie nights. And if you don’t want to cook, just head to the restaurant and bar for delicious, affordable food, cocktails, and live music.

Hands down, this is one of my favorite hostels in San José , Costa Rica .

3. Eco Stay Hostel , a hostel near San José’s city center

While it’s not in the heart of the city, the Eco Stay Hostel is still one of the best hostels in San José that you can choose from. Its location is ideal for those looking to get away from the hustle and bustle and, instead, enjoy some tranquility.

The property has a charming rustic decor and private rooms for up to 4 people . Some of the rooms have a balcony and private bathroom, so it’s worth checking out the different room categories to find one that suits your preferences. If you don’t mind, you can opt for the 8-bed shared dormitory , which has a private bathroom and lockers to store your belongings.

The common areas are pleasant and spacious, offering opportunities to relax and mingle with other travelers. For example, there is a lovely garden, a covered terrace with a barbecue area, and a shared kitchen with a coffee maker, refrigerator, and oven. So, if you’re looking for a place where you can save money and feel at home, this is one of the best hostels in San José , Costa Rica .

4. Ester’s Place , a quiet hostel in San José, Costa Rica

Ester’s Place is another quiet hostel in San José located outside of the tourist center. If you don’t mind relying on public transport, this is a cheap place to stay. To give you an idea, Central Market is about a 10-minute drive from the accommodation.

Here, you can enjoy your quiet time, as the complex has spacious, private rooms for up to 4 people , perfect for vacationing with friends or family. All of the rooms have a private bathroom, so you can feel right at home. In addition, there is an outdoor terrace and a communal kitchen equipped with basic appliances, so you can prepare your own meals.

5. Chillout Escalante Hostel , one of the best cheap hostels in San José

Chillout Escalante Hostel is another recommended hostel in San José , specifically in the Escalante neighborhood. It’s a great place to stay if you’re looking for a relaxed atmosphere and some outdoor space, as the property has a charming patio.

Inside, there are shared dorms for 4 and 8 people and private rooms for up to 3 guests , so you can choose the option that suits you best. Of course, regardless of the room you choose, you can maintain your privacy using the curtains on the individual beds and the free-use lockers with padlocks.

While the area is known for having some of the best restaurants in Costa Rica , you can always cook your food in the community kitchen, where there is also free tea and coffee all day.

6. NATIVUS Art-Hostel , another good hostel in San José, Costa Rica

NATIVUS Art-Hostel is a relaxing hostel in San José , Costa Rica , just 200 meters from La Sabana Park, one of the most popular attractions in the city.

Most rooms are shared, but if you want to have your own space, you can book a double or single room with a private bathroom for greater peace of mind. Moreover, all guests enjoy complimentary breakfast, so you can start your day on the right foot.

Other facilities at this complex include a cozy terrace, which is very relaxing at night, and a shared kitchen with an oven, a microwave, and a refrigerator. As one of the best hostels in San José , the property has free luggage storage, so you can keep your bags safe if you have some time between check-out and your flight.

7. Finca Escalante , one of the most relaxing hostels in San José, Costa Rica

Finca Escalante  is a unique hostel in San José since it offers a more serene environment. It’s in the Escalante neighborhood and has a large garden where you can rest outdoors and take a break from the busyness and noise of the city center.

The rooms feature a sophisticated and modern style, with comfortable beds that will ensure you get a good night’s sleep. You can choose between shared dormitories or private rooms, and all guests can enjoy the continental breakfast buffet of toast, pancakes, fruit, and fresh juice.

In addition to the garden, you can spend time playing pool and hanging out with other guests. Keep in mind that while this San José hostel doesn’t have a kitchen, there are lots of nice restaurants in the area where you can try some typical Costa Rican dishes .

8. Lost in San Jose Hostel , a well-located hostel in San José

Lost in San Jose Hostel is another accommodation that you should take into account. This San José hostel is just a few meters from the San Pedro Mall, so you can take advantage of your stay to shop for souvenirs.

As for the rooms, they’re tastefully decorated and have a homey, rustic style with wooden details. There are bedrooms for up to 8 people and private rooms for up to 4 people , so if you’re traveling with family or a group of friends, this is an excellent option.

In addition, the property offers all kinds of entertainment, including a pool table, a library, and a terrace with outdoor seating so you can take a rest and hang out with other guests. There is also a shared living room and kitchen, so if you’re looking for a home away from home, this is one of the best hostels in San José, Costa Rica .

9. Hostel Casa del Parque , another one of the best hostels in San José

Located right in front of La Sabana Park, the Hostel Casa del Parque is a centrally-located hostel in San José . If you’re looking for convenience, I highly recommend staying here since you’ll be just 10 minutes from Central Market and other top attractions in the city.

This accommodation is a giant house, with spacious and comfortable rooms for up to 3 people. If you’re vacationing as a couple, this is a budget-friendly option to consider while staying in the capital. All of the rooms include a private bathroom with toiletries and towels.

My favorite part of this place is the garden terrace, where you can enjoy some quiet time outdoors, meet new people, or simply rest after walking around the city. There is also a communal living room and a shared kitchen, making this one of the most complete hostels in San José, Costa Rica .

10. Stray Cat Hostel , one of the best hostels in San José for budgets

Lastly, the Stray Cat Hostel is one of the best cheap hostels in San José , where you don’t have to skimp on comfort for a good price. In addition to its pleasant facilities, it boasts an excellent location just a 10-minute walk from the city center. So, you’ll get the best of both worlds: proximity to attractions and a tranquil neighborhood.

You can choose from a variety of rooms, including shared dormitories with 4, 6, or 8 beds and private rooms for up to 3 guests . While the accommodations are simple, they’re tidy and include a private bathroom.

The complex has a shared kitchen, but you don’t have to worry about breakfast since it’s served every morning in the common room. Guests can enjoy the complimentary meal, which is inspired by traditional local cuisine and includes eggs, rice, beans, and more. Finally, coffee and tea are available throughout the day at this pleasant San José hostel .

That wraps up this guide to the best hostels in San José . Before I go, here is a map with all the hostels I mentioned, so you can see their locations and better organize your trip.

Also, don’t forget that I have another guide to the best hotels in San José , so if you’re looking for a different kind of accommodation, be sure to check it out. If you have any questions or want to share your experience at one of these hostels in San José , leave a comment so I can get back to you.

Enjoy your trip to San José, Costa Rica!

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Serving Humanity: Costa Rica Spring Break 2024

At Valpo, our students encourage and challenge one another to reach their fullest potential and radiate their light both inside  and outside of their communities as compassionate servant leaders. The College of Nursing and Health Professions provided the opportunity for students to step outside of their routine comfort zone and experience immersive learning through a Study Abroad trip to Costa Rica. This trip was one of three trips that the College of Nursing and Health Professions provided during Spring Break 2024. 

“I chose to join this service trip because two of my best friends went on the trip last year and expressed how life-changing and impactful it was for them,” says Olivia Johnson ’25. “I have also never traveled out of the country before I went on this service trip, and I wanted to experience the culture of Costa Rica. I also wanted to gain more skills and experience working in a clinic and practicing techniques.”

Students had several encounters with patients and residents that were extremely impoverished and lived in communities that are terribly underserved. Though there was a language barrier, our students had no trouble translating their empathy and care for the individuals that they met throughout the trip. 

“One challenge I faced was controlling my feelings because there were times when I wanted to cry but couldn’t do it in front of the patients,” says Azucena Hernandez ’24, ’26 MSPA. “It was not about me but I wanted to comfort them. This experience will help my future career because it will help me to understand other people’s backgrounds. Although I grew up in an immigrant/ Spanish speaking household, there were similarities and differences that helped me grow as a person.”

The students participated in clinic hours and were divided into different stations including: diagnostic circles, dentistry, optometry, pharmacy, home visits, education, or diagnostic circle coordinator. The students would rotate stations halfway through the day to allow for a variety of experiences during their clinic hours.

After clinic hours were finished, students were allowed to explore for the rest of the evening. The appeal of these service trips is the exposure to a new culture and the expansion of a global perspective but it also helps students to connect with their inner purpose and delve into self-discovery. 

“I chose this service trip because I went on it last year and it was probably my most impactful undergraduate experience,” says Matt Van Valin ’25. “The work we did, the people I met, and so much more contributed to me choosing to go on this service trip for a second time. My role on this trip was to learn as much as possible and experience the authentic Costa Rican culture, not a glamorized tourist experience. I believe my role is also to bring back what I learned — such as a new perspective of immigrants, healthcare, and culture — and apply that to life in the United States.”

One particularly significant event that every student referenced as a moment of true human connection was the washing of the patient’s feet. The moment that the immigrants were given fresh socks and new shoes after the foot washing and their subsequent joy and relief would be ingrained in Valpo students’ memories long after they left Costa Rica. 

“My worldview perspective has undoubtedly changed because of this trip. After hearing the history on why people immigrate to Costa Rica from Nicaragua and other countries in Central America, I have a much better understanding of the immigrants and their reasons for moving,” says Matt. “Further, to see the dangers and difficulties these immigrants have just because they want a better life, that truly changed how I see these people. It is very easy to see or hear the news in the United States and just view these people as a number or statistic. However, my experience has shown me that these people are not that different from us — in fact, some of the immigrants I met were the same age or even younger than me. It is where these people were born that dictated the course of their life and eventually necessitated them having to flee from their country for multiple reasons.”

Finding a sense of connectedness through shared humanity is something that we thrive on here at Valpo. The College of Nursing and Health Professions provides students with opportunities to step outside of themselves to ensure that they can continue to grow as compassionate, understanding, and humble health care professionals. The experiences that Valpo students had in Costa Rica are foundational blocks that aid in the uplift of who we are as a University. 

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• https://www.valpo.edu/stories/2024/04/30/serving-humanity-costa-rica-spring-break-2024/