tour de potier de table junior hsl vs

Töpferscheibe HSL Junior VS

• Artikelnummer: 100139820
• Kategorie: HSL

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• HSL Manuals
• Operating instructions manual

HSL Junior VS Operating Instructions Manual

• page of 13 Go / 13

Table of Contents

• Technical Data
• Assembly and Use
• Maintenance and Cleaning
• Faults and Repairs
• Safety and Warnings
• EC Declaration of Conformity

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Summary of Contents for HSL Junior VS

• Page 1 HSL-Töpferscheiben www.hsl-toepferscheiben.de Operating Instructions Hobby Potter‘s Wheel HSL Junior VS ...ein Produkt der Johannes-Diakonie Mosbach...
• Page 2 HSL Junior VS Please send your requests and orders to: HSL-Töpferscheiben Johannes-Diakonie Mosbach Schwarzacher Werkstätten Melanie Wilhelm Schwanheimer Straße 23 D-74869 Schwarzach Telefon: +49 6262 22-402 Fax: +49 6262 22-551 E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: www.hsl-toepferscheiben.de Betriebsanleitung HSL-JUNIOR VS Stand: 4/2019...
• Page 3 Their low weight it is easy to transport. Maintenance-free and easy to clean. Delivery: potter‘s wheel Junior VS, inkl. Ø 240 mm wheelhead, foot pedal, removable splash pan Not included in delivery: Height measurement (optional) HSL Töpferscheiben · Johannes-Diakonie Mosbach • Schwarzacher Werkstätten · Schwanheimer Straße 23 · D-74869 Schwarzach...

Page 4: Technical Data

Page 5: assembly and use, page 6: maintenance and cleaning, page 7: faults and repairs, page 8: safety and warnings, page 9: ec declaration of conformity.

• Page 10 HSL Profi S-45 mit Sitz The profi model with robust seat frame and adjustable seat for com- fortable work. Delivery: HSL Profi T-45 with all its delivery, seat frame with seat Not included in the delivery: Height measurement and other...
• Page 11 Material: wood Seat framework L x B x H / 70 - 103 x 51 x 56 cm Weiteres Zubehör finden Sie auf unserer Internetseite: hsl-toepferscheiben.de HSL Töpferscheiben · Johannes-Diakonie Mosbach • Schwarzacher Werkstätten · Schwanheimer Straße 23 · D-74869 Schwarzach...
• Page 12 Imprint: Johannes-Diakonie Mosbach Schwarzacher Werkstätten Schwanheimer Str. 23 74869 Schwarzach Germany www.johannes-diakonie.de Board of directors: Martin Adel (Vors.), Jörg Huber The Johannes-Diakonie Mosbach is a public corporation and a member of the social service organization Diakonisches Werk Baden. All pictures are copyrighted. Pictures might deviate slightly from the product.

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Tour de Potier Junior

Tours de potier.

HSL Junior VS Tour de potier, électrique

Livraison en 2 à 5 jours ouvrables pour 2,99 €

Livraison en 2 à 5 jours ouvrables pour 8,99 €

Vous venez vous-même chercher le produit dans le magasin, la marchandise est à votre disposition.

Description

HSL Junior est un tour de potier de qualité supérieure, réputé pour sa polyvalence et sa facilité d'utilisation. Avec son design compact, il est idéal pour une utilisation dans de petits studios ou à la maison. Le HSL Junior offre une large gamme de réglages de vitesse qui vous permettront de façonner et d'affiner votre travail avec un contrôle précis. Sa construction robuste garantit une longue durée de vie et une grande fiabilité, ce qui vous permet de vous concentrer pleinement sur votre travail créatif.

Brève description :

• Puissance du moteur : 150 watts - 0,2 CV Tension du réseau : 230 V
• Vitesse de rotation : réglable en continu jusqu'à env. 200 tr/min
• Sans entretien et facile à nettoyer
• Entraînement : courant continu, régulation électronique, sans entretien
• Pédale : s'arrête à n'importe quelle vitesse
• Tête du disque : Ø 240 mm, aluminium avec rainures de centrage, palier par roulement à billes axial
• Boîtier : boîtier métallique revêtu par poudre, 4 pieds en caoutchouc, facile à nettoyer, interrupteur marche/arrêt éclairé
• Protection contre les éclaboussures : Ø 400 mm, polystyrène avec écoulement, facilement amovible pour le nettoyage
• Dimensions : hauteur 150 mm, largeur 415 mm
• Garantie : 2 ans
• Poids : 12 kg, emballage compris Norme de sécurité DGUV contrôlée

Contenu de la livraison : Tour de potier Junior VS, y compris plateau tournant en aluminium de Ø 240 mm, régulateur au pied, protection anti-éclaboussures amovible

Données sur les produits

Partager le produit

Bastelkiste GmbH

Rue du Fort Elisabeth 17, L-1463 Luxembourg

Lundi 09:00-18:00 Mardi 09:00-18:00 Mercredi 09:00-18:00 Jeudi 09:00-18:00 Vendredi 09:00-18:00 Samedi 09:00-18:00

Besoin d’aide ? Contactez Bastelkiste GmbH ?

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Un lieu de partage bienveillant pour t'accompagner dans ton parcours vers la céramique.

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• Emaux & Décors
• Formation & Métier
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• Matériel & Argiles
• Le 3 décembre 2019
• | 69 commentaires
• | Matériel & Argiles

Tour de potier : le guide complet 2024 pour bien choisir

Vous avez pris la décision d’acheter un tour de potier pour pouvoir pratiquer l’art de la céramique à la maison. Finis les cours de poterie, l’atelier de tournage est à la maison. Excellente initiative ! 🙂 Maintenant, reste à trouver votre tour de potier ? 😕 Comment le choisir ? Quel modèle choisir ? Faut-il l’acheter neuf ou d’occasion ? Éventuellement le louer ? Voici LE Guide pour trouver votre tour de potier.

Le tour de potier est un outil magique pour moi. Il m’accompagne dans des moments d’intense concentration. Le bruit du tour au démarrage ou les gestes pour m’installer ont progressivement construit une forme de rituel. Je suis profondément attachée à cette machine, même si dit comme ça cela parait ridicule. Je vous souhaite à tous d’avoir la même satisfaction ! C’est pour cela que j’ai rédigé ce guide pour vous aider à vous y retrouver dans les catalogues de tours. J’ai également rédigé le Guide pour choisir son four céramique , avec qui j’entretiens une relation parfois plus conflictuelle…?

SI tu es débutant en tournage, je te conseille de jeter un œil à notre plateforme de cours de poterie en ligne.

• Tour de potier électrique : les caractéristiques importantes à connaître.
• Tour de potier électrique : comparatif des modèles.
• Location d’un tour de potier.
• Acheter un tour de potier d’occasion.
• Fabriquer ton tour de potier DIY.

Le tour de potier électrique : les caractéristiques

Comment choisir son tour de potier ? Ce n’est pas une mince affaire ! Je suis passée par là et je vous propose dans cet article d’aborder les 12 caractéristiques importantes dans l’achat de ce matériel.

Les caractéristiques du tour de potier en vidéo

Pour ceux qui préfèrent une petite vidéo à de la lecture, voici une vidéo qui reprend les caractéristiques décrites dans le chapitre qui suit.

1/ Le diamètre de la girelle

C’est le diamètre du socle de votre tour de potier électrique . On en trouve de 200 à 350mm. Ce diamètre correspond donc à la base des pièces que vous allez pouvoir tourner. Pour la très grande majorité des pièces, assiettes comprises, une girelle de 250mm suffit . Vous aurez également la possibilité d’utiliser un rondeau plus large sur votre girelle si vous souhaitez tourner une pièce d’argile dépassant ce diamètre à la base.

2/ La Puissance électrique en Watt

Elle vous indique la capacité que le tour de potier électrique aura à maintenir sa vitesse une fois chargé de terre. Sa puissance permet également de ne pas ralentir quand vous appuyez dessus. C’est une caractéristique essentielle qui influe directement sur le prix du tour. Il faut savoir que dans la céramique , il est rare de tourner des pièces ayant un poids supérieur à 5kg. Méfiez vous des indications de poids sur les descriptifs produits qui donnent en général le poids maximum, sachant qu’à poids maximal, le tour ralentira à la moindre pression exercée dessus.

3/ La vitesse de rotation

Il s’agit de la vitesse à laquelle tourne la girelle en nombre de tours par minute. La vitesse indiquée est la vitesse maximale de la girelle car la plupart des tours sont équipés d’un variateur. Le fait de pouvoir tourner à une vitesse élevée permettra de faciliter certaines opérations, comme le centrage de la terre par exemple, mais il faut savoir que les opérations de tournage se font, en général, à des vitesses plus réduites. Une vitesse de 200 tours par minute semble suffisante pour la plupart des utilisations .

4/ Le bruit

Il s’agit d’une autre caractéristique qui influe directement sur le prix . Le bruit est celui du tour de potier électrique en fonctionnement, les différents modèles varient entre 30dB et 60dB. Il faut savoir que 30dB correspond au bruit d’un frigo et que 55dB correspond au bruit d’une hotte de cuisine réglée au maximum. Je vous laisse imaginer la différence d’ambiance dans votre atelier de poterie . Le bruit est donc un critère de confort. Pour vous permettre de tourner dans le « calme », les tours silencieux sont conçus avec des mécaniques de précision haut de gamme qui engendrent donc un coût de fabrication plus élevé.

5/ Le poids du tour

Un tour avec un poids limité vous offrira une facilité de transport pour, par exemple, donner des cours de poterie , faire des démonstrations ou déplacer le tour dans des petits logements. Il est difficile de trouver un tour de potier électrique avec de solides caractéristiques et un poids réduit.

6/ La hauteur

La hauteur du tour va jouer sur l’ergonomie de votre espace de travail. On est également sur un critère de confort. En général, le tournage s’effectue avec une assise en dessous de la girelle. Il faut essayer différentes positions pour déterminer quelle hauteur vous correspond. Certains tours sont équipés de pieds réglables.

7/ La pédale

On trouve 2 types de pédales pour jouer sur la vitesse de rotation du tour. Le premier est  la pédale mobile  (comme sur le Whisper Shimpo) que l’on peut déplacer à sa guise, en fonction de sa position de travail. Le second est  la pédale fixe , moins adaptable donc moins ergonomique, mais dont l’avantage est de pouvoir bloquer la vitesse, ce qui est un atout pour les débutants (comme sur le RK3D Shimpo). Les tours haut de gamme ont en général une meilleure réactivité de la pédale ce qui permet une gestion de la vitesse de tournage plus précise.

8/ L’espace de travail pour votre matériel de poterie

Dans des espaces restreints, il peut être  confortable et pratique  d’avoir un espace de travail, c’est à dire d’une zone pour poser des outils ou des pièces, directement sur son tour. (exemple sur le RK55)

9/ Le tour de potier électrique classique ou le tour de table

Les tours de potier classiques sont en général assez volumineux et lourds. Les fabricants proposent quelques modèles dit « de table », c’est à dire  portatif et léger  afin de pouvoir l’installer sur une table. L’inconvénient de ces tours est d’avoir  une puissance limitée  et de poser des  problèmes de stabilité  si l’on souhaite tourner des pièces en argile volumineuses.

10/ La fonction Reverse

Cette fonction est présente sur la plupart des tours de potier. Elle est indispensable pour les gauchers, pour un tour que l’on souhaite partager ou pour certaines techniques de tournage asiatique.

11/ Les tétons de centrage

Les girelles des tours de potier peuvent être équipées ou non de tétons de centrage. Ceux sont de petits tétons qui permettent de  fixer des rondeaux sur la girelle . Les rondeaux vous serviront à retirer facilement la pièce tournée de votre tour, c’est très pratique pour les pièces ayant une base large comme les assiettes.

12/ Les Splash pans

Les Splash Pans sont les bacs qui entourent la girelle. Ils permettent de recueillir l’eau utilisée pendant le tournage et les projections de terre . Il est nécessaire de nettoyer ces carénages après l’utilisation de votre tour. La forme et le type de montage des Splash pans de votre tour auront un impact sur la facilité d’ entretien de votre tour .

Tour de potier électrique : comparatif des modèles

Maintenant que vous connaisse les critères importants et décidé de vos priorités. Comment s’y retrouver dans tous les modèles ? Nous avons passé au crible  les principaux tours disponibles en France  et nous vous proposons  un comparatif  qui vous permettra d’y voir plus clair.

Tour de potier : le tableau comparatif

Nous vous proposons  un tableau comparatif  reprenant toutes les caractéristiques des modèles de tour de potier commercialisés en France. Attention, les tarifs augmentent vite, voici les tarifs mis à jour en janvier 2024.

La synthèse

Difficile de s’y retrouver !? On vous aide à y voir plus clair. On peut diviser les modèles de tour de potier présentés en plusieurs gammes.

Tour de potier « confirmé » 😎

Ces tours proposent une puissance suffisante pour pouvoir tourner de grosses pièces d’argile . Ils sont silencieux et difficile à déplacer de part leurs poids importants. Ceux sont des modèles couramment utilisés par des céramistes en atelier professionnel .

Le Tour  RHODES HMT 500  permet de tourner jusqu’à 40 kg de terre avec espace de travail, siège et pieds ajustables. Le grand luxe pour le prix le plus élevé de notre sélection.

Seulement 150€ d’écart entre le  SHIMPO RK3E et le  SHIMPO RK3D . 150€ de plus pour le  RK3E, qui permet de tourner 7 kg de terre supplémentaire et dispose d’un espace de travail et de pieds ajustables. Le  RK3D  présentera l’avantage d’être plus compact et de permettre une pédale fixe actionnable manuellement et verrouillable.

? Cocorico ? ! Le Made in France existe dans les tours de potier ! L’entreprise Solargil fabrique un tour très costaud le TE9 qu’il est possible d’associer à des rondeaux de différentes tailles. De belles performances également pour un tour de potier fabriqué par l’un des plus vieux acteurs de la céramique française : Como Céramique . Le tour a la particularité d’avoir une girelle démontable et de proposer un siège adapté en option. Enfin, la société Breizh Céramique propose un tour « breton » puissant à un prix raisonnable.

Tour de potier « amateur » 😉

Dans la catégorie « amateur », on se retrouve face à un choix difficile.

D’un côté, le  SHIMPO WHISPER T permet de tourner 10 kg en silence (30dB) avec un espace de travail et des pieds ajustables. De l’autre, le  PW-DC propose de meilleures capacités de tournage (30kg) dans le bruit (59dB) sans espace de travail ni pieds ajustables. A vous de choisir… Ceux sont des modèles courant en cours de poterie ou stage de céramique .

Tour de potier « débutants » 😳

Un autre choix compliqué dans cette gamme de tours pour les débutants en poterie.

Le  SHIMPO RK55  a l’avantage d’être du matériel relativement léger avec un espace de travail et des pieds ajustables.

Le challenger : le TY 16 de l’entreprise SOLARGIL . Grosso modo, les mêmes performances pour un prix réduit !

Tour de potier « lowcost »

Distribués par Amazon ou Aliexpress, ces tours sont moins chers mais présentent plusieurs inconvénients. J’en ai acheté un et je l’ai testé pendant quelques mois, voici une vidéo dans laquelle je vous donne mon avis sur le sujet.

Vous pouvez retrouver le test et mes conclusions sur l’article: le tour de potier pas cher d’Amazon .

Les tours de table

Pour les tours de table, on se retrouve avec un dernier duel SHIMPO / PW.

Cette fois, avantage pour le  SHIMPO RK5T  en terme de facilité de transport. Ce tour de potier est plus compact et beaucoup plus léger : 23 kg de moins que le  PW DCT .

Avantage pour le  PW DCT  en capacité de tournage, il permet de travailler des pièces de 7kg posées sur la table, et 15kg s’il est fixé sur le support. Le SHIMPO est donné pour 5kg. Le PW DCT, plus puissant, est au prix de 772 € au lieu de 625€ pour le SHIMPO RK5T.

A chaque budget, un choix sera à faire. La fréquence d’utilisation de votre tour de potier , la taille des pièces et votre budget seront les critères principaux à prendre en compte. On constate que le bruit du tour a un impact direct sur le prix . Réduire la nuisance sonore implique des solutions technologiques plus onéreuses. Tourner dans le calme est un véritable confort pour des potiers qui tournent plusieurs heures par jour ou qui donnent des cours dans des ateliers regroupant plusieurs tours de potiers en fonctionnement simultané.

Bien évidemment, je n’ai pas pu tester tous ces tours ! Souvent, le dernier choix se pose entre la réputation et la fiabilité de Shimpo et le soutien aux fabricants français dont les tours sont en général moins chers et accompagnés de garanties plus longues.

Les fournisseurs en matériel céramique

Louer un tour de potier pour ton atelier

Souvent, on hésite longuement à acheter un tour pour plusieurs raisons :

• Le prix est élevé
• On ne sait pas si on l’utilisera beaucoup
• On ne sait pas si le modèle choisi correspondra vraiment à nos attentes
• Et si le tournage n’était qu’une lubie passagère…?

Bref, difficile de se décider, je suis passée par là !

La solution est de démarrer en louant. La poterie au tour te sera alors accessible pendant une période défini et tu seras fixer.

Sur le site le-bol.fr, on propose des solutions pour louer des tours. Le principe est simple : on t’envoie le tour partout en France, tu paies 80€ par mois pour un Whispert-T et 60€ par mois pour un RK55. Toutes les informations sont sur la page : Location tour de potier sur le site Le Bol.

Acheter son tour de potier d’occasion

Vous avez maintenant choisi votre modèle idéal et vous l’avez peut être testé en location. Problème : le prix d’achat vous a fait bondir… 😥 L’une des solutions est de vous tourner vers un tour de potier d’occasion . Sachant que les tours de bonne marque sont donnés pour une durée de vie d’au moins 10 ans, pourquoi ne pas tenter ? Et avant de vous lancer, voici quelques points auxquels faire attention avant de faire votre achat.

Quelles caractéristiques priment pour vous ?

Quel est votre projet ? Il est important de définir avant l’achat  si vous utiliserez quotidiennement  votre tour car dans ce cas  le bruit  peut être un frein. Pensez-vous rester dans une pratique loisir de la poterie ? Ou envisagez-vous par exemple une reconversion dans la céramique ? Comptez vous donner des cours de poterie ou ouvrir un atelier de céramique ? Dans ces deux cas, les besoins en matériel seront différents. La puissance du tour choisi pour votre achat ne sera pas la même.

Testez le tour de potier d’occasion !

Si vous le pouvez, allez tester votre tour avant de l’acheter . Ainsi, vous pourrez juger par vous même de l’état de la girelle, du bruit de fonctionnement du tour et de sa puissance. Tendez l’oreille, si vous percevez des bruits anormaux quand le tour fonctionne, ils peuvent être le signe d’une usure importante du moteur ou de pièces importantes.

Origine et garantie

Demandez à l’acheteur sa facture d’achat . Vous éviterez ainsi une entourloupe sur la date d’achat. Vous obtiendrez par la même occasion les coordonnées du fournisseur qui pourraient être utiles pour une réparation en cas de panne. Les tours de potier ont en général une excellente durée de vie mais leur garantie panne est souvent limitée à 1 an.

Le prix du tour de potier d’occasion

Les tours de potiers de marque dévaluent peu car c’est un matériel très résistant . Utilisez votre esprit critique et estimez si le prix vendu est intéressant. Prenez en compte l’usure apparente et l’utilisation « théorique » du tour au vu de sa date d’achat et de l’activité de son propriétaire (utilisation loisir ou professionnelle).

Le transport

Si vous trouvez un tour de potier d’occasion à l’autre bout de la France, vous serez dans l’obligation d’utiliser des transporteur pour vous le faire livrer. Et les tours ne sont pas de petits objets que l’on glisse dans une enveloppe avec un timbre 😛 , il faut prévoir le budget et donc le négocier avec le vendeur. En général, en France métropolitaine, il faut compter :

• autour de 28€ pour la livraison d’un tour de moins de 30 kilos dans le point Mondial Relais le plus proche de chez vous.
• autour de 50€ pour la livraison d’un tour de plus de 30 kilos directement chez vous par UPS.
• autour de 60€ pour la livraison d’un tour de plus de 60 kilos directement chez vous par Géodis.

Où trouver un tour de potier d’occasion ?

Vous pouvez trouver des annonces de tour de potier d’occasion sur :

Bien sûr l’inévitable :  https://www.leboncoin.fr

Sur  les forums :

Ceramique.com

Terresdeprovence.org

Smart2000.pagesperso-orange.fr

Terramic.fr

Sur le groupe facebook  « Annonce vente de matériel de potier céramique »

Mon expérience

J’ai eu l’occasion d’acheter et de revendre des tours de potier. J’ai également accompagnée une amie dans ses recherches. Mes diverses expériences m’ont appris que le milieu de la céramique est composé de personnes droites et en général de confiance. Ceci n’est que ma petite impression, ça vaut ce que ça vaut…

Fabriquer ton tour DIY avec du matériel de récup’

Solution suivante: sortir ta mallette de bricolage et t’en faire un, tout seul comme un grand. On a fait une revue des méthodes pour fabriquer un tour de potier , ça vaut la peine d’y jeter un œil ! Ça peut être pas mal mais il faut vraiment être bricoleur et avoir du bon matériel… La poterie est accessible à qui s’en donne les moyens !

Voilà, je crois que vous avez toute les infos pour faire votre choix. J’espère que cet article vous a apporté des réponses. A bientôt !

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Tous les jeudis j’accueille en live des artistes, céramistes, toujours en lien avec la poterie. Le but est de vous faire découvrir leur parcours, leurs créations,…

Une fissure sur nos pièces n’est pas forcément un drame. Au contraire, cela peut être le début d’une belle aventure.…

Lorsque l’on débute la poterie, on se rend compte que l’ergonomie est primordiale. Avoir une bonne position face au tour…

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What Is Applied Psychology & Why Is It Important?

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In our complex and interconnected world, the study of human behavior has become crucial. These insights help us better understand consumer behaviors, public health trends, and even voting patterns.

Nearly all of these instances push us to ask the question: Why do people make the choices they do? Applied psychology is key to unlocking the answer to this question and transforming our understanding of the human experience.

What Is Applied Psychology?

Applied psychology is the practical application of psychological principles and theories from other types of psychology to address real-world challenges.

Some of these psychology fields include:

• Clinical psychology: A specialty within the field of psychology that is geared more toward populations with diagnosable mental disorders and serious psychopathologies.
• Counseling psychology: A general practice within the broader field of psychology that focuses on how patients function—both individually and in their relationships with family, friends, work, and the broader community.
• Forensic psychology: A specialty in professional psychology characterized by activities primarily intended to provide professional psychological expertise within the judicial and legal systems.
• Health psychology: A branch within the psychology field that focuses on how social, psychological, and biological factors combine to influence human health.
• Industrial-organizational psychology: The study and assessment of individual, group, and organizational dynamics within the workplace. Social psychology: The study of the mind and behavior of people, considering personality traits, interpersonal relationships, and group behaviors.

“Applied psychology is really taking some of the basic research that’s done in those fields of psychology and applying it,” says Christie Rizzo, Associate Professor of Applied Psychology at Northeastern’s Bouvé College of Health Sciences. “That’s where the term comes from.”

As a result, this multifaceted field extends its influence into nearly every aspect of our lives. Professionals leveraging applied psychology use their expertise to help individuals, organizations, and communities via assessments, interventions, and strategies to promote positive outcomes and better quality of life.

While applied psychology touches on several specialities within psychology, it’s important to note the key differences between this field of study and others.

Basic Psychology vs. Applied Psychology

Basic psychology—also known as academic psychology—studies the fundamental principles, theories, and concepts of human behavior. According to Rizzo, it’s centered around conducting research, designing experiments, and generating theories to uncover why humans behave the way they do.

Applied psychology is different in that it focuses on applying that research. “The main difference is really thinking about how the research, concepts, and tools from basic psychology should be applied,” Rizzo says.

This often takes the form of prevention, which is an important aspect of applied psychology. By using basic psychology research to design and implement interventions, you can mitigate various health and social issues.

“Prevention science is an application of psychology that designs and tests interventions that promote mental health and reduces the risk of problem behaviors,” Rizzo says.

4 Reasons Why Applied Psychology Is Important

Whether it’s preventing substance abuse, reducing the risk of mental health disorders, or addressing behavioral problems in children, applied psychology offers evidence-based strategies that empower individuals and communities to lead healthier, more fulfilling lives.

Here are a few reasons why applied psychology has become increasingly important.

1. Improves Mental Health Outcomes

Mental health has garnered increased attention within the psychology field due to growing recognition of its significance and relevance. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , the percentage of adults who received mental health treatment increased from 19 percent in 2019 to 22 percent in 2021.

Through applied psychology, mental health professionals can employ scientific principles to understand and address the root causes of mental health issues—with an emphasis on early intervention and risk reduction. This work is essential because it offers a proactive, evidence-based approach to reducing mental health problems and combating the societal challenges that can cause them.

The emergence of technology is a huge part of this prevention initiative as well.

“Using technology can move applied psychology forward because that’s where everybody’s communicating,” Rizzo says. “And that’s where folks are looking for resources. So we need to be able to take advantage of that.”

In the case of applied psychology, this can mean leveraging social media campaigns or even phone applications focused on improving mental health. With behavioral data, applied psychology can help inform these campaigns to ensure they resonate with those who statistically suffer from mental health issues .

2. Enhances Child Welfare

While mental health is incredibly important, ensuring the welfare of children is another important issue that applied psychology aims to address. In 2021, there were at least 588,229 child victims of abuse or neglect , but child welfare professionals try to leverage psychological methods to avoid these tragedies.

Child welfare professionals are pivotal in developing and applying intervention programs that prioritize the safety and well-being of children. They often work in collaboration with state and federal government agencies to ensure programs are compliant with the highest standards of ethics, efficacy, and child protection.

Much like mental health challenges, addressing a child’s welfare requires applied psychology prevention techniques to proactively avoid societal and environmental factors that negatively affect a child’s well-being.

Some examples of what applied psychology aims to prevent include:

• Child abuse and neglect
• Educational challenges
• Behavioral disorders

“Examples include programs that prevent drug use in adolescents, reform educational practices, and support families managing the stress of family violence,” Rizzo says.

Social media plays a huge role in moving these applied psychology initiatives forward. Before, psychologists focused on prevention work through face-to-face contact. In today’s digitally connected world, there’s untapped potential to leverage data from large communities and still be able to reach them outside of personal contact.

“We can harness social media for good,” Rizzo says. “Young people can seek out other individuals with similar identities to their own and create a social support system online.”

3. Prevents Substance Abuse

Substance abuse affects millions of Americans. In fact, 20.4 million people in the United States were diagnosed with a substance abuse disorder in 2019 alone.

Applied psychology is critical in the treatment and prevention of substance abuse. This is achieved through early intervention services and screenings that aim to better the individual, their relationships, and communities affected by substance abuse. By understanding risk factors and protective factors at both the individual and environmental levels, professionals can implement targeted interventions to address potential issues before they escalate.

While early intervention of substance abuse is important, addiction is a chronic and relapsing condition. Therefore community-based interventions, another element of applied psychology, are another necessary aspect of substance abuse treatment to ensure individuals don’t face long-term health consequences or legal issues.

This can involve:

• Community organizing
• Policy advocacy
• Development of support networks

Applied psychology does not just play a role in these programs execution, it also ensures substance abuse counselors and other professionals are able to evaluate and determine the efficacy of a community program.

“We’re so grateful when we have programs aimed at preventing substance abuse in the community,” Rizzo says. “But it’s difficult when those programs have never been evaluated for being useful. That’s why applied psychology trains professionals to effectively evaluate these programs.”

4. Work Performance

While work performance does not necessarily affect peoples’ well-being, there is still work that needs to be done to improve business performance and employee satisfaction in the workplace.

In fact, in the first half of 2022, productivity plunged by the sharpest rate on record going back to 1947 according to the Washington Post .

Applied psychology plays a vital role in improving an organization’s operations through psychological principles and research methods aimed at enhancing employee performance. By prioritizing the well-being of employees and applying evidence-based psychological principles, organizations can create a positive work environment conducive to productivity, resulting in long-term success and sustainability.

Take the First Step Toward a Career in Applied Psychology

While applied psychology is a relatively new field, it touches on established psychology methods and theories, making it the best educational route for those still searching for alternative career paths in psychology.

If you’re interested in studying applied psychology, Northeastern’s MS in Applied Psychology is a dynamic, forward-thinking program designed to cater to the professional aspirations of students who want a career beyond traditional psychology roles. It’s also a great program to gain exposure to a graduate-level curriculum to help students work toward their doctorate or refine their professional goals with the guidance of experienced faculty advisors.

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What is Applied Research in psychology?

March 21, 2024

From academia and behavioral health to military and corrections, there are many ways psychology can help people.

In fact, mental health programs in hospitals, non-profits, governmental programs, and more have their origins in carefully researched data that psychology professionals have helped create.

Whether they’re designing studies, conducting research, or interpreting the final data, a master’s-level research psychology professional can inform best practices in psychology to tackle important issues like recidivism, PTSD, and depression.

Bethany Lohr, PhD, faculty chair of Capella University’s Clinical Psychology program, explains the benefits of an advanced degree in Applied Research for both clinical professionals and those following an academic path.

Q. First of all, what is applied research?

A. Applied research is a scientific study within the field of psychology that focuses on solving problems and innovating new technologies. Its main purpose is to conduct scientific research and apply it to real-world situations. As opposed to delivering mental health services, it’s about looking at human behavior and thinking of ways to meet the needs of a given situation.

Q. What type of skills could I develop with an MS in Clinical Psychology, Applied Research?

A. Skills that could help you be effective in the field of applied research include:

• Observation: The ability to observe and take note of what you observe is a critical skill.
• Data analysis: Be able to interpret statistics as well as understand trends and draw predictions based on data.
• Creative problem-solving: Be curious and able to approach a problem from different angles in the search for possible solutions.
• Interpersonal communication: Be prepared to spend time interviewing different groups and reporting findings.
• Ethical awareness: Act with integrity when factors such as privacy and informed consent come up depending on the setting.
• Adaptability: Remain level-headed amid changing circumstances.

    Learn how a Master of Science in Clinical Psychology, Applied Research can help you build professional skills.

Q. What are some ways applied research can be used? 

A. An applied research specialization could be used in any field where psychological research is an element.

A background in applied research in clinical psychology helps someone design and lead a study, interpret findings and advocate for programs based on those interpretations. Further, it helps make them the right person to lead training for these programs.

Applied research is often a relevant subject area for people who write government grants, such as those who write for mental health programs. An applied research background provides understanding to skillfully interpret the government’s massive data sets and advocate for legislation that relies on data to support it.

Pertaining to healthcare, applied research in clinical psychology could be applied to projects related to quality improvement or quality assurance in areas like emergency room waiting times, patient data collection, triage and other improvements that can impact patient care.

In the case of workforce development, applied research could be used to tailor questions to determine which strategies work best to motivate employees. When hiring, applied research could be applied to help establish job qualifications or criteria to best meet the needs of a department and screen candidates who will mesh well with team dynamics.

Applied research can help some organizations analyze what kinds of prompts might inspire people to volunteer their time and skills to charities.

Applied research could even come into play in theme park design when deciding where to place trash cans or queue line management to keep guests engaged.

All these situations rely on the analysis of human behavior and predictions and proposals based on those observations.

Q. Beyond the workplace, who else is the MS in Clinical Psychology, Applied Research for?

A. A Master of Science in Clinical Psychology, Applied Research program involves coursework that teaches the research skills and knowledge that may help you prepare when pursuing a PhD . Major topics in a PhD program could include research methodology, psychotherapy theories, tests and measurement, psychopathology, human development, ethical principles and diversity.

Additionally, the applied research specialization can help prepare you to pursue a PsyD in Clinical Psychology .

Q. Is this specialty just for academics and non-therapy professionals? Would therapy professionals benefit from this knowledge as well?        

 A. Someone in the therapy field can also benefit from understanding applied research, especially if they think they’ll want to pursue a doctoral degree down the road. If they want to continue in therapy practice, this master’s can help them interpret psychology research that may inform their therapeutic treatment plans.

 In short, applied research may be a good option for expanding professional expertise. It all depends on your professional goals.  

Learn more about Capella’s Master’s in Clinical Psychology, Applied Research degree program.

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What is Applied Psychology

The science of psychology spans several fields. There are dozens of disciplines in psychology, such as abnormal psychology, cognitive psychology and social psychology.

But one way to view these different fields is to separate them into two types: applied vs. experimental psychology. These groups describe virtually any type of work in psychology.

The following sections explore what applied psychology is and some examples of what it covers.

What is Applied Psychology?

Applied psychology uses psychological methods and findings (experimental psychology) to solve problems of the human experience.

It is nearly impossible to develop a precise definition for applied psychology due to the sheer scope of the term. Findings are applied in fields like clinical psychology, educational psychology, forensic psychology, sports psychology and social psychology — nearly every psychological discipline. Unless the field is exclusively research-based, applied psychology is involved.

An example of the breadth of applied psychology is the  non-exhaustive sample of topics  deemed appropriate for the  Journal of Applied Psychology , which includes:

• individual differences in abilities, personality and other characteristics;
• testing and personnel selection;
• performance measurement and management;
• training, learning and skill acquisition;
• work motivation;
• job attitudes, affect and emotions;
• leadership;
• team development, processes and effectiveness;
• career development;
• work–family interface;
• work stress, health and well-being;
• positive and negative work behaviors;
• diversity and cross-cultural differences in work behavior and attitudes;
• technology and work systems;
• expertise and knowledge management;
• creativity, innovation and adaptation;
• organizational culture and climate; and
• organizational design, change and interventions.

Applied Psychology and Technology

One of the biggest trends in applied psychology is in developing technology .

Smart vehicles, smart homes and other types of devices are widely available, but smart systems aren’t so clever  if they’re too complicated to use , according to the American Psychological Association. Human factors psychologists are designing products and systems that are easier and more enjoyable to use. Work is being performed in areas like human-robot interactions, brain-machine interfaces and virtual reality systems.

Technology companies are looking for insights on human behavior, such as how people use speech recognition systems and what makes someone want to engage with a device. This has led to a new field — neuroergonomics — which applies tools and knowledge from neuroscience to design safer, smarter and more efficient human-centered systems. These systems could help prevent worker fatigue, and adapting the amount of automation depending on workers’ attention levels and cognitive state.

Applied psychologists are also seeing other areas of opportunity in transportation and health care.

• Research is focused on developing driver-vehicle interfaces in smart cars that are intuitive and reduce accidents. Psychologists will play a critical role in educating and training the public to use these systems, so that they are not afraid or overly confident.
• In health care, the demand for psychologists has increased after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a guidance in 2016 that manufacturers integrate human factors into the testing process when developing new medical devices. Psychologists are being used to enhance patient safety, from robotic surgical tools to at-home glucose monitors. Another area where psychologists are applying their research skills is in studying hospital and health care errors. They are looking for gaps in communication that lead to medical errors and devising systems that minimize such mistakes.

Pursue Your Career Goals in Psychology

Develop a greater understanding of psychology concepts and applications with Concordia, St. Paul’s  online bachelor’s in psychology . This is a fully accredited bachelor’s degree from Concordia University, St. Paul, offered online. Enjoy small class sizes with a personal learning environment geared toward your success, and learn from knowledgeable faculty who have industry experience.

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The Use of Research Methods in Psychological Research: A Systematised Review

Salomé elizabeth scholtz.

1 Community Psychosocial Research (COMPRES), School of Psychosocial Health, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa

Werner de Klerk

Leon t. de beer.

2 WorkWell Research Institute, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa

Research methods play an imperative role in research quality as well as educating young researchers, however, the application thereof is unclear which can be detrimental to the field of psychology. Therefore, this systematised review aimed to determine what research methods are being used, how these methods are being used and for what topics in the field. Our review of 999 articles from five journals over a period of 5 years indicated that psychology research is conducted in 10 topics via predominantly quantitative research methods. Of these 10 topics, social psychology was the most popular. The remainder of the conducted methodology is described. It was also found that articles lacked rigour and transparency in the used methodology which has implications for replicability. In conclusion this article, provides an overview of all reported methodologies used in a sample of psychology journals. It highlights the popularity and application of methods and designs throughout the article sample as well as an unexpected lack of rigour with regard to most aspects of methodology. Possible sample bias should be considered when interpreting the results of this study. It is recommended that future research should utilise the results of this study to determine the possible impact on the field of psychology as a science and to further investigation into the use of research methods. Results should prompt the following future research into: a lack or rigour and its implication on replication, the use of certain methods above others, publication bias and choice of sampling method.

Introduction

Psychology is an ever-growing and popular field (Gough and Lyons, 2016 ; Clay, 2017 ). Due to this growth and the need for science-based research to base health decisions on (Perestelo-Pérez, 2013 ), the use of research methods in the broad field of psychology is an essential point of investigation (Stangor, 2011 ; Aanstoos, 2014 ). Research methods are therefore viewed as important tools used by researchers to collect data (Nieuwenhuis, 2016 ) and include the following: quantitative, qualitative, mixed method and multi method (Maree, 2016 ). Additionally, researchers also employ various types of literature reviews to address research questions (Grant and Booth, 2009 ). According to literature, what research method is used and why a certain research method is used is complex as it depends on various factors that may include paradigm (O'Neil and Koekemoer, 2016 ), research question (Grix, 2002 ), or the skill and exposure of the researcher (Nind et al., 2015 ). How these research methods are employed is also difficult to discern as research methods are often depicted as having fixed boundaries that are continuously crossed in research (Johnson et al., 2001 ; Sandelowski, 2011 ). Examples of this crossing include adding quantitative aspects to qualitative studies (Sandelowski et al., 2009 ), or stating that a study used a mixed-method design without the study having any characteristics of this design (Truscott et al., 2010 ).

The inappropriate use of research methods affects how students and researchers improve and utilise their research skills (Scott Jones and Goldring, 2015 ), how theories are developed (Ngulube, 2013 ), and the credibility of research results (Levitt et al., 2017 ). This, in turn, can be detrimental to the field (Nind et al., 2015 ), journal publication (Ketchen et al., 2008 ; Ezeh et al., 2010 ), and attempts to address public social issues through psychological research (Dweck, 2017 ). This is especially important given the now well-known replication crisis the field is facing (Earp and Trafimow, 2015 ; Hengartner, 2018 ).

Due to this lack of clarity on method use and the potential impact of inept use of research methods, the aim of this study was to explore the use of research methods in the field of psychology through a review of journal publications. Chaichanasakul et al. ( 2011 ) identify reviewing articles as the opportunity to examine the development, growth and progress of a research area and overall quality of a journal. Studies such as Lee et al. ( 1999 ) as well as Bluhm et al. ( 2011 ) review of qualitative methods has attempted to synthesis the use of research methods and indicated the growth of qualitative research in American and European journals. Research has also focused on the use of research methods in specific sub-disciplines of psychology, for example, in the field of Industrial and Organisational psychology Coetzee and Van Zyl ( 2014 ) found that South African publications tend to consist of cross-sectional quantitative research methods with underrepresented longitudinal studies. Qualitative studies were found to make up 21% of the articles published from 1995 to 2015 in a similar study by O'Neil and Koekemoer ( 2016 ). Other methods in health psychology, such as Mixed methods research have also been reportedly growing in popularity (O'Cathain, 2009 ).

A broad overview of the use of research methods in the field of psychology as a whole is however, not available in the literature. Therefore, our research focused on answering what research methods are being used, how these methods are being used and for what topics in practice (i.e., journal publications) in order to provide a general perspective of method used in psychology publication. We synthesised the collected data into the following format: research topic [areas of scientific discourse in a field or the current needs of a population (Bittermann and Fischer, 2018 )], method [data-gathering tools (Nieuwenhuis, 2016 )], sampling [elements chosen from a population to partake in research (Ritchie et al., 2009 )], data collection [techniques and research strategy (Maree, 2016 )], and data analysis [discovering information by examining bodies of data (Ktepi, 2016 )]. A systematised review of recent articles (2013 to 2017) collected from five different journals in the field of psychological research was conducted.

Grant and Booth ( 2009 ) describe systematised reviews as the review of choice for post-graduate studies, which is employed using some elements of a systematic review and seldom more than one or two databases to catalogue studies after a comprehensive literature search. The aspects used in this systematised review that are similar to that of a systematic review were a full search within the chosen database and data produced in tabular form (Grant and Booth, 2009 ).

Sample sizes and timelines vary in systematised reviews (see Lowe and Moore, 2014 ; Pericall and Taylor, 2014 ; Barr-Walker, 2017 ). With no clear parameters identified in the literature (see Grant and Booth, 2009 ), the sample size of this study was determined by the purpose of the sample (Strydom, 2011 ), and time and cost constraints (Maree and Pietersen, 2016 ). Thus, a non-probability purposive sample (Ritchie et al., 2009 ) of the top five psychology journals from 2013 to 2017 was included in this research study. Per Lee ( 2015 ) American Psychological Association (APA) recommends the use of the most up-to-date sources for data collection with consideration of the context of the research study. As this research study focused on the most recent trends in research methods used in the broad field of psychology, the identified time frame was deemed appropriate.

Psychology journals were only included if they formed part of the top five English journals in the miscellaneous psychology domain of the Scimago Journal and Country Rank (Scimago Journal & Country Rank, 2017 ). The Scimago Journal and Country Rank provides a yearly updated list of publicly accessible journal and country-specific indicators derived from the Scopus® database (Scopus, 2017b ) by means of the Scimago Journal Rank (SJR) indicator developed by Scimago from the algorithm Google PageRank™ (Scimago Journal & Country Rank, 2017 ). Scopus is the largest global database of abstracts and citations from peer-reviewed journals (Scopus, 2017a ). Reasons for the development of the Scimago Journal and Country Rank list was to allow researchers to assess scientific domains, compare country rankings, and compare and analyse journals (Scimago Journal & Country Rank, 2017 ), which supported the aim of this research study. Additionally, the goals of the journals had to focus on topics in psychology in general with no preference to specific research methods and have full-text access to articles.

The following list of top five journals in 2018 fell within the abovementioned inclusion criteria (1) Australian Journal of Psychology, (2) British Journal of Psychology, (3) Europe's Journal of Psychology, (4) International Journal of Psychology and lastly the (5) Journal of Psychology Applied and Interdisciplinary.

Journals were excluded from this systematised review if no full-text versions of their articles were available, if journals explicitly stated a publication preference for certain research methods, or if the journal only published articles in a specific discipline of psychological research (for example, industrial psychology, clinical psychology etc.).

The researchers followed a procedure (see Figure 1 ) adapted from that of Ferreira et al. ( 2016 ) for systematised reviews. Data collection and categorisation commenced on 4 December 2017 and continued until 30 June 2019. All the data was systematically collected and coded manually (Grant and Booth, 2009 ) with an independent person acting as co-coder. Codes of interest included the research topic, method used, the design used, sampling method, and methodology (the method used for data collection and data analysis). These codes were derived from the wording in each article. Themes were created based on the derived codes and checked by the co-coder. Lastly, these themes were catalogued into a table as per the systematised review design.

Systematised review procedure.

According to Johnston et al. ( 2019 ), “literature screening, selection, and data extraction/analyses” (p. 7) are specifically tailored to the aim of a review. Therefore, the steps followed in a systematic review must be reported in a comprehensive and transparent manner. The chosen systematised design adhered to the rigour expected from systematic reviews with regard to full search and data produced in tabular form (Grant and Booth, 2009 ). The rigorous application of the systematic review is, therefore discussed in relation to these two elements.

Firstly, to ensure a comprehensive search, this research study promoted review transparency by following a clear protocol outlined according to each review stage before collecting data (Johnston et al., 2019 ). This protocol was similar to that of Ferreira et al. ( 2016 ) and approved by three research committees/stakeholders and the researchers (Johnston et al., 2019 ). The eligibility criteria for article inclusion was based on the research question and clearly stated, and the process of inclusion was recorded on an electronic spreadsheet to create an evidence trail (Bandara et al., 2015 ; Johnston et al., 2019 ). Microsoft Excel spreadsheets are a popular tool for review studies and can increase the rigour of the review process (Bandara et al., 2015 ). Screening for appropriate articles for inclusion forms an integral part of a systematic review process (Johnston et al., 2019 ). This step was applied to two aspects of this research study: the choice of eligible journals and articles to be included. Suitable journals were selected by the first author and reviewed by the second and third authors. Initially, all articles from the chosen journals were included. Then, by process of elimination, those irrelevant to the research aim, i.e., interview articles or discussions etc., were excluded.

To ensure rigourous data extraction, data was first extracted by one reviewer, and an independent person verified the results for completeness and accuracy (Johnston et al., 2019 ). The research question served as a guide for efficient, organised data extraction (Johnston et al., 2019 ). Data was categorised according to the codes of interest, along with article identifiers for audit trails such as authors, title and aims of articles. The categorised data was based on the aim of the review (Johnston et al., 2019 ) and synthesised in tabular form under methods used, how these methods were used, and for what topics in the field of psychology.

The initial search produced a total of 1,145 articles from the 5 journals identified. Inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in a final sample of 999 articles ( Figure 2 ). Articles were co-coded into 84 codes, from which 10 themes were derived ( Table 1 ).

Journal article frequency.

Codes used to form themes (research topics).

These 10 themes represent the topic section of our research question ( Figure 3 ). All these topics except, for the final one, psychological practice , were found to concur with the research areas in psychology as identified by Weiten ( 2010 ). These research areas were chosen to represent the derived codes as they provided broad definitions that allowed for clear, concise categorisation of the vast amount of data. Article codes were categorised under particular themes/topics if they adhered to the research area definitions created by Weiten ( 2010 ). It is important to note that these areas of research do not refer to specific disciplines in psychology, such as industrial psychology; but to broader fields that may encompass sub-interests of these disciplines.

Topic frequency (international sample).

In the case of developmental psychology , researchers conduct research into human development from childhood to old age. Social psychology includes research on behaviour governed by social drivers. Researchers in the field of educational psychology study how people learn and the best way to teach them. Health psychology aims to determine the effect of psychological factors on physiological health. Physiological psychology , on the other hand, looks at the influence of physiological aspects on behaviour. Experimental psychology is not the only theme that uses experimental research and focuses on the traditional core topics of psychology (for example, sensation). Cognitive psychology studies the higher mental processes. Psychometrics is concerned with measuring capacity or behaviour. Personality research aims to assess and describe consistency in human behaviour (Weiten, 2010 ). The final theme of psychological practice refers to the experiences, techniques, and interventions employed by practitioners, researchers, and academia in the field of psychology.

Articles under these themes were further subdivided into methodologies: method, sampling, design, data collection, and data analysis. The categorisation was based on information stated in the articles and not inferred by the researchers. Data were compiled into two sets of results presented in this article. The first set addresses the aim of this study from the perspective of the topics identified. The second set of results represents a broad overview of the results from the perspective of the methodology employed. The second set of results are discussed in this article, while the first set is presented in table format. The discussion thus provides a broad overview of methods use in psychology (across all themes), while the table format provides readers with in-depth insight into methods used in the individual themes identified. We believe that presenting the data from both perspectives allow readers a broad understanding of the results. Due a large amount of information that made up our results, we followed Cichocka and Jost ( 2014 ) in simplifying our results. Please note that the numbers indicated in the table in terms of methodology differ from the total number of articles. Some articles employed more than one method/sampling technique/design/data collection method/data analysis in their studies.

What follows is the results for what methods are used, how these methods are used, and which topics in psychology they are applied to . Percentages are reported to the second decimal in order to highlight small differences in the occurrence of methodology.

Firstly, with regard to the research methods used, our results show that researchers are more likely to use quantitative research methods (90.22%) compared to all other research methods. Qualitative research was the second most common research method but only made up about 4.79% of the general method usage. Reviews occurred almost as much as qualitative studies (3.91%), as the third most popular method. Mixed-methods research studies (0.98%) occurred across most themes, whereas multi-method research was indicated in only one study and amounted to 0.10% of the methods identified. The specific use of each method in the topics identified is shown in Table 2 and Figure 4 .

Research methods in psychology.

Research method frequency in topics.

Secondly, in the case of how these research methods are employed , our study indicated the following.

Sampling −78.34% of the studies in the collected articles did not specify a sampling method. From the remainder of the studies, 13 types of sampling methods were identified. These sampling methods included broad categorisation of a sample as, for example, a probability or non-probability sample. General samples of convenience were the methods most likely to be applied (10.34%), followed by random sampling (3.51%), snowball sampling (2.73%), and purposive (1.37%) and cluster sampling (1.27%). The remainder of the sampling methods occurred to a more limited extent (0–1.0%). See Table 3 and Figure 5 for sampling methods employed in each topic.

Sampling use in the field of psychology.

Sampling method frequency in topics.

Designs were categorised based on the articles' statement thereof. Therefore, it is important to note that, in the case of quantitative studies, non-experimental designs (25.55%) were often indicated due to a lack of experiments and any other indication of design, which, according to Laher ( 2016 ), is a reasonable categorisation. Non-experimental designs should thus be compared with experimental designs only in the description of data, as it could include the use of correlational/cross-sectional designs, which were not overtly stated by the authors. For the remainder of the research methods, “not stated” (7.12%) was assigned to articles without design types indicated.

From the 36 identified designs the most popular designs were cross-sectional (23.17%) and experimental (25.64%), which concurred with the high number of quantitative studies. Longitudinal studies (3.80%), the third most popular design, was used in both quantitative and qualitative studies. Qualitative designs consisted of ethnography (0.38%), interpretative phenomenological designs/phenomenology (0.28%), as well as narrative designs (0.28%). Studies that employed the review method were mostly categorised as “not stated,” with the most often stated review designs being systematic reviews (0.57%). The few mixed method studies employed exploratory, explanatory (0.09%), and concurrent designs (0.19%), with some studies referring to separate designs for the qualitative and quantitative methods. The one study that identified itself as a multi-method study used a longitudinal design. Please see how these designs were employed in each specific topic in Table 4 , Figure 6 .

Design use in the field of psychology.

Design frequency in topics.

Data collection and analysis —data collection included 30 methods, with the data collection method most often employed being questionnaires (57.84%). The experimental task (16.56%) was the second most preferred collection method, which included established or unique tasks designed by the researchers. Cognitive ability tests (6.84%) were also regularly used along with various forms of interviewing (7.66%). Table 5 and Figure 7 represent data collection use in the various topics. Data analysis consisted of 3,857 occurrences of data analysis categorised into ±188 various data analysis techniques shown in Table 6 and Figures 1 – 7 . Descriptive statistics were the most commonly used (23.49%) along with correlational analysis (17.19%). When using a qualitative method, researchers generally employed thematic analysis (0.52%) or different forms of analysis that led to coding and the creation of themes. Review studies presented few data analysis methods, with most studies categorising their results. Mixed method and multi-method studies followed the analysis methods identified for the qualitative and quantitative studies included.

Data collection in the field of psychology.

Data collection frequency in topics.

Data analysis in the field of psychology.

Results of the topics researched in psychology can be seen in the tables, as previously stated in this article. It is noteworthy that, of the 10 topics, social psychology accounted for 43.54% of the studies, with cognitive psychology the second most popular research topic at 16.92%. The remainder of the topics only occurred in 4.0–7.0% of the articles considered. A list of the included 999 articles is available under the section “View Articles” on the following website: https://methodgarden.xtrapolate.io/ . This website was created by Scholtz et al. ( 2019 ) to visually present a research framework based on this Article's results.

This systematised review categorised full-length articles from five international journals across the span of 5 years to provide insight into the use of research methods in the field of psychology. Results indicated what methods are used how these methods are being used and for what topics (why) in the included sample of articles. The results should be seen as providing insight into method use and by no means a comprehensive representation of the aforementioned aim due to the limited sample. To our knowledge, this is the first research study to address this topic in this manner. Our discussion attempts to promote a productive way forward in terms of the key results for method use in psychology, especially in the field of academia (Holloway, 2008 ).

With regard to the methods used, our data stayed true to literature, finding only common research methods (Grant and Booth, 2009 ; Maree, 2016 ) that varied in the degree to which they were employed. Quantitative research was found to be the most popular method, as indicated by literature (Breen and Darlaston-Jones, 2010 ; Counsell and Harlow, 2017 ) and previous studies in specific areas of psychology (see Coetzee and Van Zyl, 2014 ). Its long history as the first research method (Leech et al., 2007 ) in the field of psychology as well as researchers' current application of mathematical approaches in their studies (Toomela, 2010 ) might contribute to its popularity today. Whatever the case may be, our results show that, despite the growth in qualitative research (Demuth, 2015 ; Smith and McGannon, 2018 ), quantitative research remains the first choice for article publication in these journals. Despite the included journals indicating openness to articles that apply any research methods. This finding may be due to qualitative research still being seen as a new method (Burman and Whelan, 2011 ) or reviewers' standards being higher for qualitative studies (Bluhm et al., 2011 ). Future research is encouraged into the possible biasness in publication of research methods, additionally further investigation with a different sample into the proclaimed growth of qualitative research may also provide different results.

Review studies were found to surpass that of multi-method and mixed method studies. To this effect Grant and Booth ( 2009 ), state that the increased awareness, journal contribution calls as well as its efficiency in procuring research funds all promote the popularity of reviews. The low frequency of mixed method studies contradicts the view in literature that it's the third most utilised research method (Tashakkori and Teddlie's, 2003 ). Its' low occurrence in this sample could be due to opposing views on mixing methods (Gunasekare, 2015 ) or that authors prefer publishing in mixed method journals, when using this method, or its relative novelty (Ivankova et al., 2016 ). Despite its low occurrence, the application of the mixed methods design in articles was methodologically clear in all cases which were not the case for the remainder of research methods.

Additionally, a substantial number of studies used a combination of methodologies that are not mixed or multi-method studies. Perceived fixed boundaries are according to literature often set aside, as confirmed by this result, in order to investigate the aim of a study, which could create a new and helpful way of understanding the world (Gunasekare, 2015 ). According to Toomela ( 2010 ), this is not unheard of and could be considered a form of “structural systemic science,” as in the case of qualitative methodology (observation) applied in quantitative studies (experimental design) for example. Based on this result, further research into this phenomenon as well as its implications for research methods such as multi and mixed methods is recommended.

Discerning how these research methods were applied, presented some difficulty. In the case of sampling, most studies—regardless of method—did mention some form of inclusion and exclusion criteria, but no definite sampling method. This result, along with the fact that samples often consisted of students from the researchers' own academic institutions, can contribute to literature and debates among academics (Peterson and Merunka, 2014 ; Laher, 2016 ). Samples of convenience and students as participants especially raise questions about the generalisability and applicability of results (Peterson and Merunka, 2014 ). This is because attention to sampling is important as inappropriate sampling can debilitate the legitimacy of interpretations (Onwuegbuzie and Collins, 2017 ). Future investigation into the possible implications of this reported popular use of convenience samples for the field of psychology as well as the reason for this use could provide interesting insight, and is encouraged by this study.

Additionally, and this is indicated in Table 6 , articles seldom report the research designs used, which highlights the pressing aspect of the lack of rigour in the included sample. Rigour with regards to the applied empirical method is imperative in promoting psychology as a science (American Psychological Association, 2020 ). Omitting parts of the research process in publication when it could have been used to inform others' research skills should be questioned, and the influence on the process of replicating results should be considered. Publications are often rejected due to a lack of rigour in the applied method and designs (Fonseca, 2013 ; Laher, 2016 ), calling for increased clarity and knowledge of method application. Replication is a critical part of any field of scientific research and requires the “complete articulation” of the study methods used (Drotar, 2010 , p. 804). The lack of thorough description could be explained by the requirements of certain journals to only report on certain aspects of a research process, especially with regard to the applied design (Laher, 20). However, naming aspects such as sampling and designs, is a requirement according to the APA's Journal Article Reporting Standards (JARS-Quant) (Appelbaum et al., 2018 ). With very little information on how a study was conducted, authors lose a valuable opportunity to enhance research validity, enrich the knowledge of others, and contribute to the growth of psychology and methodology as a whole. In the case of this research study, it also restricted our results to only reported samples and designs, which indicated a preference for certain designs, such as cross-sectional designs for quantitative studies.

Data collection and analysis were for the most part clearly stated. A key result was the versatile use of questionnaires. Researchers would apply a questionnaire in various ways, for example in questionnaire interviews, online surveys, and written questionnaires across most research methods. This may highlight a trend for future research.

With regard to the topics these methods were employed for, our research study found a new field named “psychological practice.” This result may show the growing consciousness of researchers as part of the research process (Denzin and Lincoln, 2003 ), psychological practice, and knowledge generation. The most popular of these topics was social psychology, which is generously covered in journals and by learning societies, as testaments of the institutional support and richness social psychology has in the field of psychology (Chryssochoou, 2015 ). The APA's perspective on 2018 trends in psychology also identifies an increased amount of psychology focus on how social determinants are influencing people's health (Deangelis, 2017 ).

This study was not without limitations and the following should be taken into account. Firstly, this study used a sample of five specific journals to address the aim of the research study, despite general journal aims (as stated on journal websites), this inclusion signified a bias towards the research methods published in these specific journals only and limited generalisability. A broader sample of journals over a different period of time, or a single journal over a longer period of time might provide different results. A second limitation is the use of Excel spreadsheets and an electronic system to log articles, which was a manual process and therefore left room for error (Bandara et al., 2015 ). To address this potential issue, co-coding was performed to reduce error. Lastly, this article categorised data based on the information presented in the article sample; there was no interpretation of what methodology could have been applied or whether the methods stated adhered to the criteria for the methods used. Thus, a large number of articles that did not clearly indicate a research method or design could influence the results of this review. However, this in itself was also a noteworthy result. Future research could review research methods of a broader sample of journals with an interpretive review tool that increases rigour. Additionally, the authors also encourage the future use of systematised review designs as a way to promote a concise procedure in applying this design.

Our research study presented the use of research methods for published articles in the field of psychology as well as recommendations for future research based on these results. Insight into the complex questions identified in literature, regarding what methods are used how these methods are being used and for what topics (why) was gained. This sample preferred quantitative methods, used convenience sampling and presented a lack of rigorous accounts for the remaining methodologies. All methodologies that were clearly indicated in the sample were tabulated to allow researchers insight into the general use of methods and not only the most frequently used methods. The lack of rigorous account of research methods in articles was represented in-depth for each step in the research process and can be of vital importance to address the current replication crisis within the field of psychology. Recommendations for future research aimed to motivate research into the practical implications of the results for psychology, for example, publication bias and the use of convenience samples.

Ethics Statement

This study was cleared by the North-West University Health Research Ethics Committee: NWU-00115-17-S1.

Author Contributions

All authors listed have made a substantial, direct and intellectual contribution to the work, and approved it for publication.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Intelligence

The difference between basic and applied research is time, descending the ivory tower of research..

Posted March 9, 2022 | Reviewed by Ekua Hagan

• Basic research is often considered to have no societal impact.
• Applied research is often considered to have no theoretical value.
• When actual research is considered, the difference between basic and applied research is difficult to identify.

Across scientific disciplines, psychology being no exception, a distinction is often made between basic and applied research. Basic research, as this distinction goes, is ivory-tower research, with no practical implications and no societal impact. Applied research is down-to-earth research of no theoretical nature and with limited practical utility. The former is theoretical; the latter, practical. The former is for true scientists. The latter is for true practitioners.

It is discouraging that such stereotypes are applied to research. But as with all other stereotypes, this stereotype, too, is a matter of a generalized belief hardly true to the facts.

I have never quite understood the difference between basic and applied research. And I have understood even less why one would be considered superior to the other. Whenever I conducted research that could be categorized as basic research, I received comments that such research had no societal impact and that practical research was, of course, more important for society. And whenever I developed a particular application, I received feedback that the practical value was appreciated, but of course, it had no theoretical universal value. I always struggled with the difference others were able to identify but I was unable to see.

Let me try to demonstrate my confusion by giving some examples from my own line of research. In one study, we estimated the longitude and latitude of locations in Middle Earth using Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings trilogy. We took the names of the locations as they were mentioned in Lord of the Rings and computed how often they were mentioned together in the same context. A matrix of co-occurrence values was then transformed into a two-dimensional map that was surprisingly similar to an actual map of the fictional Middle Earth.

Basically, we showed that if locations are mentioned together, they are located together. That may be no surprise to linguists. Since the 1950s, we learned “you shall know a word by the company it keeps” as the linguist J.R. Firth told us. In our work, we showed that you shall know the location by the linguistic company a place name keeps.

Now, estimating the geographical location based on the way it is mentioned in language is basic research par excellence. It is has a universal value: We have also demonstrated it for the longitude and latitude in the United States using several years of newspaper articles from The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal , and The Los Angeles Times . We have estimated the geographical locations of cities in China using the entire body of texts in the Chinese version of Wikipedia, and for the geography of the Middle East using the entire Arabic Wikipedia. Theoretical, very ivory tower with seemingly no societal impact.

What we did for newspapers, Wikipedia, and fictional texts, though, we could of course do for social media . One could take a large body of tweets, Facebook messages, or LinkedIn posts, identify place names mentioned in those posts, and compute the context in which place names co-occur with other place names. As we did for Lord of the Rings , newspapers, and Wikipedia, such a social-media analysis would allow for a geographical map of places through the eyes of those who wrote the posts. This would, no doubt, be of interest to intelligence agencies, as it can help identify areas of concern or interest. Basically, the worldview for those in society with bad intentions can be identified. Identifying the geographical locations of places biased by those who used those place names in their social media posts would be very practical research with considerable societal impact—to be categorized under applied research, not basic research.

And if intelligence-agency work sounds too military, we could consider another practical example: We could help archeologists. We could predict the excavation sites of Indus Valley artifacts based on the Indus script. Using the patterns in the Indus script, we could estimate the geographic origin of artifacts from the Indus Valley Civilization with a relatively simple algorithm. We may manage to predict the relative locations of archeological sites on the basis of artifacts of known provenance, and we could further apply these techniques to determine the most probable excavation sites of unknown provenance. Estimating excavation sites on the basis of a particular script has limited functionality and is very practical in nature.

Let’s categorize the intelligence agency and archeology research as practical, but both of these cases of applied research would not have been possible had we not first done the theoretical work of estimating the locations using the place names in Lord of the Rings .

You get my point.

I would argue, and argue strongly, that all basic research will ultimately be applied. The question that I cannot answer is when the basic research will be applied. No one can tell. It could be tomorrow, or it might take a couple of years. But ultimately, the difference between basic and applied research is only a matter of time.

Louwerse, M.M. (2021). Keeping those words in mind: How language creates meaning . New York: Prometheus Books / Rowman & Littlefield.

Max Louwerse, Ph.D., is a linguist, cognitive psychologist, and artificial intelligence researcher. He is currently Professor of Cognitive Psychology and Artificial Intelligence at Tilburg University in the Netherlands.

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• What is Applied Research? + [Types, Examples & Method]

Every research begins with a clear delineation of the purpose of the investigation as this goes a long way to determine the research process or methodology adopted. In this sense, a researcher may choose to carry out basic research or applied research. 

Applied research is set on providing answers to specific questions in a bid to provide a solution to a defined problem. In this article, we will outline the features of this method of systematic investigation as well as how it differs from other approaches to research. 

What is Applied Research?

Applied research is a type of research design that seeks to solve a specific problem or provide innovative solutions to issues affecting an individual, group or society. It is often referred to as a scientific method of inquiry or contractual research because it involves the practical application of scientific methods to everyday problems. 

When conducting applied research, the researcher takes extra care to identify a problem, develop a research hypothesis and goes ahead to test these hypotheses via an experiment. In many cases, this research approach employs empirical methods in order to solve practical problems. 

Applied research is sometimes considered to be a non-systematic inquiry because  of its direct approach in  seeking a solution to a problem. It is typically a follow-up research design that further investigates the findings of pure or basic research in order to validate these findings and apply them to create innovative solutions.     

Types of Applied Research

There are 3 types of applied research. These are evaluation research, research and development, and action research.

Evaluation Research

Evaluation research is a type of applied research that analyses existing information about a research subject to arrive at objective research outcomes or reach informed decisions. This type of applied research is mostly applied in business contexts, for example, an organisation may adopt evaluation research to determine how to cut down  overhead costs.

• Research and Development

Research and development is a type of applied research that is focused on developing new products and services based on the needs of target markets. It focuses on gathering information about marketing needs and finding ways to improve on an existing product or create new products that satisfy the identified needs.

Action Research

Action research is a type of applied research that is set on providing practical solutions to specific business problems by pointing the business in the right directions. Typically, action research is a process of reflective inquiry that is limited to specific contexts and situational in nature.

Examples of Applied Research 

Applied research is relevant in different fields of study; especially science and social science-related fields. Examples of applied research can be seen in medicine, education, business, engineering, psychology and health, and these would be further explicated below. 

Applied Research Example in Business

Applied research is used in business to build knowledge and develop product solutions. It enables organisations to identify the peculiar needs of target markets and this would help them to create different business strategies that would allow them to satisfy these needs. 

In addition, conducting contractual research would help business owners to get insightful feedback on product gaps that may have, otherwise, been ignored. This is a great way to get first-hand information on target market reactions which can inform brand decisions. 

Applied research also helps employers of labour to identify and address the productivity needs of their workforce. For instance, an organization may carry out applied research in order to measure the effectiveness of its recruitment practices or of its organisational structure. 

• Applied research to improve an organization’s hiring process.
• Applied research to improve workplace efficiency and organizational policies.
• Applied research to bridge skill gaps in the workplace.

Applied Research Examples in Education  

In education, applied research is used to test pedagogic processes in order to discover the best teaching and learning methods. It is also used to test educational policies before implementation and to address different issues associated with teaching paradigms and classroom dynamics for a better learning experience. 

Educational applied research attempts solving a problem by gathering data from primary sources using a combination of qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. This data serves as empirical evidence which is then subjected to rigorous analysis and description in order to arrive at valid conclusions.

The goal of this research methodology is to determine the applicability of educational theory and principles by way of subjecting hypotheses to experimentation within specific settings. Applied research in education is also more utilitarian as it gathers practical evidence that can inform pragmatic solutions to problems. 

Characteristics of Applied Research in Education 

• It clearly highlights generalizations and hypotheses that inform the research findings.
• It relies on empirical evidence.
• It is set at providing solutions to a defined problem.
• It requires accurate observation and description.
• A study into the way to improve teacher-learner classroom engagements.
• A study into the way to improve a school’s readiness for its students.
• A study to build students’ interests in Mathematics.

Applied Research Example in Science

In itself, applied research is a scientific method of investigation because it applies existing scientific knowledge to practical situations. It is useful in different fields including thermodynamics, physics, material sciences and microbiology. 

Examples of applied research in science include the following: 

• Applied research to improve agricultural crop production
• Applied research to treat or cure a specific disease.

Applied Research Examples in Psychology  

There are different reasons psychologists would make use of applied research in the course of their work. In many cases, industrial-psychologists concerned with workplace behavior, human resources and organisational development combine psychological principles with applied research to proffer solutions. 

Examples of applied research in psychology include:

• Applied research to improve workplace commitment by arriving at practical worker-motivation strategies.
• Investigating treatment and management options for anxiety and panic attacks.
• Investigating factors that improve worker’s productivity.

Applied Research Example in Health   

In health and medical sciences, applied research serves as the background to evidence-based and solution-oriented medicine. It effectively merges scientific knowledge and methods with health experiences in order to arrive at accurate and verifiable results; using empirical research data or evidence. 

The adaptation of applied research to medicine is referred to as applied clinical research . Many health and medical practitioners use applied research to measure the extent to which the findings of basic or pure research can be adopted or modified into a solution-oriented approach.

Examples of applied research in health include:

• An investigation to identify the healing properties of a specific herb.
• An investigation to identify the side effects of using a particular drug.

APPLIED RESEARCH METHODS

Qualitative and quantitative data collection methods are used in applied research to gather empirical evidence that is further subjected to experimentation in order to arrive at valid research outcomes. The following are data collection methods in applied research:

An interview is a qualitative method of data collection that involves having a one-on-one interaction or discussion with the research subjects in order to gather relevant information that can serve as empirical data. It can be conducted with the use of an audio recorder, digital camera or camcorder.

Even though it is time-consuming and expensive, interviews allow the researcher to gather the most relevant data which gives him or her in-depth knowledge about the research subjects. An interview may be structured, semi-structured or unstructured; depending on the research purpose. 

• Surveys/Questionnaires

A questionnaire is an instrument that is typically used for quantitative data gathering . It outlines a series of questions relating to the research context and requires the research subjects to choose or provide responses that reflect their knowledge and experiences.

There are different types of questions that can be contained in a questionnaire including rating scale question s, close and open-ended questions and fixed alternatives. You can create and administer your applied research survey using data-collection platforms like Formplus . 

You can also start choosing from our over 200 online survey/questionnaire templates.

Here is a step-by-step guide on  how to create and administer questionnaires for applied research using Formplus

Sign in to Formplus

In the Formplus builder, you can easily create different questionnaires for applied research by dragging and dropping preferred fields into your form. To access the Formplus builder, you will need to create an account on Formplus. 

Once you do this, sign in to your account and click on “Create Form ” to begin.

Edit Form Title

Click on the field provided to input your form title, for example, “Applied Research Questionnaire”.

Click on the edit button to edit the form.

i. Add Fields: Drag and drop preferred form fields into your form in the Formplus builder inputs column. There are several field input options for questionnaires in the Formplus builder. 

ii. Edit fields

iii. Click on “Save”

iv. Preview form. 

Form Customization

With the form customization options in the form builder, you can easily improve on the appearance of your questionnaire and make it more unique and personalized. Formplus allows you to change your form theme, add background images and even change the font according to your needs. 

Multiple Sharing Options

Formplus also provides multiple form sharing options which enables you to easily share your questionnaire with respondents. With the direct social media sharing buttons, you can swiftly share your applied research questionnaire link to your organization’s social media pages. 

You can send out your questionnaire as email invitations to your research subjects too. Formplus also allows you to share your form’s QR code or embed it in your organization’s website for easy access. 

• Data Reporting

The process of gathering useful information about a research subject which can be used for further research. This can be done through not-for-profit reports, newspapers, website articles and hospital records.

It helps you  gather relevant data that results in more insightful decisions.  However, it is susceptible to bias because the information can easily be exaggerated by the individual or group collecting the data. 

• Observation

A type of data gathering method in applied research that requires the researcher to pay close attention to a subject (s) in order to gather useful information about it. Although bias may arise with this method, observation is widely considered as a universally accepted research practice.

Observation helps the researcher to gather empirical data and thus, it is the starting point for the formulation of a hypothesis. There are different techniques for observation including complete observer, complete participant, participant as observer and observer as participant. 

• Focus Groups

A focus group is a type of qualitative data collection process that allows the researcher to gather information about the disposition, feelings and opinions of the research subjects about a specific issue.

Here, the researcher engages a group comprising 6-10 individuals with a range of open-ended questions with the aim of gathering feedback about their emotional disposition to the issue at hand. This method is cost-effective compared to one-on-one interviews, and the information obtained is insightful and detailed. 

How is Applied Research Different from Basic Research?

Applied research and basic research are common methods of inquiry, based on purpose or utility. However, there are key differences between these 2 research approaches and these would be clearly outlined below: 

Applied research is a type of research that is aimed at the practical application of science in order to solve practical problems. On the other hand, basic research is a type of research that is aimed at expanding knowledge rather than solving problems. 

Basic research is theoretical in nature while applied research is practical and descriptive in nature. Basic research explores and generates theories that may be abstract while applied research tests these theories in order to solve a problem. 

Basic research is universal while applied research is limited. Basic research can focus on diverse or multiple contexts while applied research focuses on specific contexts with the aim of providing a solution to an identified problem. 

Applied research is focused on providing answers or solutions to a specific research question while basic research focuses on multiple concepts at the same time in its quest to expand knowledge. 

• Applied research pays attention to external validity while basic research is more focused on internal validity .

Characteristics of Applied Research 

• Applied research is solution-specific and it addresses practical problems. Unlike basic research that is aimed at theorizing and expanding knowledge, applied research focuses on addressing a particular problem using a range of science-based approaches.
• Applied research is descriptive in nature as it arrives at solutions by experimenting on empirical evidence and describing research outcomes.
• Usually, applied research tests theories arrived at by pure research in order to determine the usefulness of these theories in solving practical problems.
• It describes the relationship between research variables by measuring the characteristics of dependent and independent variables.
• Applied research relies on empirical evidence in order to arrive at valid research outcomes.
• It is not theoretical and it is not directly concerned with the expansion of knowledge.
• Applied research is synthetic in nature.
• It is aimed at the cost-effective reduction of social problems.
• Applied research is action-oriented.

Advantages of Applied Research

• Validity: Applied research is unbiased in nature because it tests empirical evidence in order to arrive at valid research outcomes. It employs carefully mapped-out procedures, and this makes it a more valid research approach.
• It is useful in solving specific problems. It helps individuals and organizations to find solutions to specific problems.

Disadvantages of Applied Research 

• It is not flexible in nature as it is restricted to a stipulated deadline.
• Applied research is limited in nature and it cannot be generalized. In other words, the findings from applied research cannot be generalized.

Conclusion 

Applied research is an important research approach because it helps organisations to arrive at practical solutions to specific problems while improving their productivity and output. Unlike basic research that focuses on generating theories that explain phenomena, applied research pays attention to describing empirical evidence with the aim of providing solutions. 

In carrying out applied research, the researcher combines a number of qualitative and quantitative data-gathering methods including questionnaires, observation methods, and interviews. This helps the researcher to gather empirical evidence that is then subjected to experimentation depending on the type of applied research and the overall focus. 

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Applied Research: Definition, Types & Examples

Every research project begins with a clear definition of the investigation’s purpose, which helps to identify the research procedure or approach used. In this sense, a researcher can conduct either basic or applied research.

This research focuses on answering specific questions to solve a specific problem. It tries to identify a solution to a cultural or organizational problem and is often a follow-up research plan for basic or pure research.

In this blog, we will explain the types of applied research and give some examples. But before that, we will go through what it is.

What is applied research?

Applied research is a non-systematic way of finding solutions to specific research problems or issues. These problems or issues can be on an individual, group, or societal level. It is called “non-systematic” because it goes straight to finding solutions.

It is often called a “scientific process” because it uses the available scientific tools and puts them to use to find answers.

Like in regular research, the researcher identifies the problem, makes a hypothesis, and then experiments to test it. It goes deeper into the findings of true or basic research.

LEARN ABOUT:   Research Process Steps

Types of applied research

This research has three types: 

• Evaluation research, 
• Research and Development, and 
• Action research. 

The short versions of each type are explained below:

• Evaluation research

Evaluation research is one type of applied research. It looks at the information on a research subject. This kind of research leads to objective research or helps people make better decisions sooner. Most of the time, evaluation research is used in business settings. 

The organization uses this research to figure out how the overhead costs can be cut down or cut down a lot.

• Research and development

Research and Development is the second type of applied research. Its main goal is to create or design new products, goods, or services that meet the needs of certain markets in society. It finds out what the needs of the market are. It focuses on finding new ways to improve products that already meet an organization’s needs.

• Action research

Action research is the third type of applied research. Action research is a way to learn about things that happen in everyday life and nature. Its goal is to find real-world solutions to business problems by pointing the business in the right direction.

LEARN ABOUT: Action Research

Examples of applied research

Applied study is used in many areas of study and research, from the sciences to the social sciences. We also talk about how it’s used in those fields and give some examples:

• Applied study in business

Applied study in business sectors is fully dependent on their products and services. It helps organizations understand market needs and trends, and then shape their products to fit customers.

Businesses benefit from This research because it allows them to detect gaps in their findings and obtain primary information on target market preferences.

• It can improve hiring.
• It improves work and policy.
• It identifies workplace skill gaps.
• Applied study in education

The applied study is used in the education field to test different ways of teaching and to find better ways of teaching and learning. Before implementing new education policies, they are tested to see how well they work, how they affect teaching, and how the classroom works.

Applied education research uses quantitative and qualitative methods to collect data from first-hand sources. This information is then looked at and interpreted differently to generate valuable results or conclusions.

LEARN ABOUT: Qualitative Interview

Most applied research in this field is done to develop and test different ways of doing things by trying them out in different situations. It is based on accurate observations and descriptions of the real world.

• Applied study to understand the reach of online learning initiatives.
• Applied study to promote teacher-student classroom engagement.
• Applied study on the new math program.
• Applied study in science

As already said, applied study is often called a scientific process because it uses the available scientific tools to find answers. It can be used in physics, microbiology, thermodynamics, and other fields.

• The applied study is put into practice to cure a disease.
• The applied study is put into practice to improve agricultural practices.
• The applied study is applied to testing new laboratory equipment.
• Applied study in psychology

Researchers use this research in psychology to figure out how people act at work, how HR works, and how the organization is growing and changing so they can come up with solutions.

It is used a lot in areas where researchers try to figure out how people think and then come up with solutions that fit their behavior best.

• Applied study to figure out new ways to deal with depression.
• Applied study to improve students’ grades by emphasizing practical Education.
• Applied study to create a plan to keep employees coming to work regularly.
• Applied study in health

This research is used to examine new drugs in the medical industry. It combines scientific knowledge and procedures with health experiences to produce evidence-based results.

• Applied study in heart surgery.
• Applied study to determine a drug’s efficacy.
• Applied study on a medicine’s adverse effects.

LEARN ABOUT: Theoretical Research

Applied research is an important way to research because it helps organizations find real-world solutions to specific problems while also increasing their output and productivity. In contrast to basic research, which focuses on making theories that explain things, applied research focuses on describing evidence to find solutions.

In the applied study, the researcher uses qualitative and quantitative methods to collect data, such as questionnaires, interviews, and observation methods. Conducting interviews is one of the examples of qualitative data in education . It helps the researcher collect real-world evidence, which is then tested depending on the type of applied research and the main focus.

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Presidential Column

A dangerous dichotomy: basic and applied research.

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Douglas L. Medin

How can I be so confused by a simple distinction like the difference between basic and applied research? I did an initial draft of a column on this topic months ago, and honestly, it was mostly gibberish.

In his 1997 book, Pasteur’s Quadrant , Donald Stokes reviewed a good deal of the history and political significance of different ideas about the relation between basic and applied research. It may be worth examining our own ideas on the topic. Many of us in academia may be walking around with an implicit or explicit “basic is better” attitude. Imagine two assistant professors coming up for tenure and one has plenty of publications in Psychological Science and the other has plenty in Applied Psychological Science (a hypothetical journal). Which of the two has a better chance of getting tenure? Correct me if I’m wrong, but it seems to me that — hands down — it is the former. My academic appointment is both in psychology and in education, and at least some of my psychology colleagues look down on educational research as (merely or only) applied and justify their attitude on grounds that it is largely atheoretical and not very interesting (and on this point they simply are wrong).

But imagine that psychological science arose in a developing country that was continually facing crucial issues in health, education, and welfare, and universities were dedicated to addressing national needs. Now perhaps the assistant professor who published in Applied Psychological Science would get the nod.

In Pasteur’s Quadrant , Stokes argues for a three-way distinction between pure basic research, pure applied research, and use-inspired basic research (for which the prototype is Louis Pasteur). I do like the term use-inspired because it suggests quite literally that considerations of use can stimulate foundational research. But I’m pretty dubious about “pure” being attached to either category for the reasons that follow.

Of course, there are numerous steps between the initial basic research and the eventual practical applications. These steps often involve messy details and many decisions about factors that probably don’t matter, but maybe they do. One can get the sense that clean experimental design is being gradually compromised by these minor details. And it doesn’t help that the theory we are working with may have nothing to say about these decisions. Someone should do this work but, from the perspective of those of us doing basic research, maybe it should be someone else (other than us).

So then, dangerous dichotomies, such as basic versus applied research, lend themselves to stereotyping. They also create borders that may get in the way. For example, if you’re inclined to do psychological research that has high fidelity to real-world circumstances, you might be accused of doing applied research, because applied research, by definition, has to be high fidelity. But fear of fidelity is a very peculiar malady, and our field must strive to overcome it.

These categories can also be used politically in a sort of Three-Card Monte game [1] to hide values. Applied research transparently reflects a set of value judgments. There is a difference between using persuasion theory to encourage teenagers to stay in school versus encouraging them to start smoking. It is nice to be able to fall back on the argument that basic research is value neutral and that there is a pure science in the form of an uncontaminated quest for knowledge.

Nice, but in my opinion, dead wrong. If basic research were value neutral, would we even need ethical review panels? The use of nonhuman animals in research often reflects the judgment that human welfare is more important than animal welfare (we do things to animals we would never do to people). Especially important, again in my opinion, is the role of positive values in basic research. These values are reflected in the questions we choose to ask (or not ask), how we choose to ask them, who we choose to study (or not study), and who conducts the research. Although I labeled these as positive values, they become potential negatives when we fail to ask relevant questions, ask them in ways that favor one group over another, and prize ownership of science over openness. Frequently, the values in play are cultural values, values that may be different in other cultures and contexts.

For some time now, the National Science Foundation has required grant proposals to have a “broader impacts” section. To be specific, currently under discussion at NSF (see www.nsf.gov/nsb/publications/2011/06_mrtf.jsp ) is the idea that projects should address important national goals, including among others, increased economic competitiveness of the United States; development of a globally competitive science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) workforce; increased participation of women, persons with disabilities, and underrepresented minorities in STEM fields; increased partnerships between academia and industry; and increased national security. [2]

Many (but maybe not all) of these may be values that you endorse, and they may influence how you do your basic research. It’s hard to avoid the conclusion that basic research cannot shunt off the messiness of values to applied research. If we can’t continue to pretend that basic research is pure (for that matter, even purity may be a value), it might be a good idea to pay more careful attention to the values that are reflected in what we do and how we do it.

In summary, I’m still a bit confused about basic versus applied research, but the idea that research provides the opportunity to express values I care about strikes me as a good thing. Bottom line: Applied is not “merely” applied, but is full of fascinating research puzzles. Basic is not “pure,” but rather is saturated with values, ideally values that make us proud to be psychological scientists, but in any event values that merit attention.

[1] In this card game, the dealer shows the player a card then places it face down next to two other cards. The dealer mixes the cards around then asks the player to pick one. If the player picks the original card, he or she wins, but the dealer can employ a number of tricks (such as swapping cards) to keep the player from choosing the right card. Return to Text

[2] The response to this proposal has been sharp, bimodal criticism with some scholars arguing that the standards “water down” previously highlighted goals like fostering diversity and others objecting to these values because they would get in the way of pure, basic research. In response to this feedback, the task force charged with developing these standards is currently rethinking and revising them. Stay tuned. Return to Text

A century of outstanding psychological research has been intimately tied to so-called “applied” work, including landmark studies of prejudice, health, judgment, education, therapy, obedience, communication, influence, navigation, testing, well-being, decision-making, and so much more. Many of us in academe are not walking around with a “basic is better” attitude, because it is usually an impossible or misleading distinction. The better distinction, I think, is “revealing, novel, insightful, important” versus “ordinary, average, boring.”

Douglas Medin’s recent essay about the “Dangerous Dichotomy” serves well to illuminate the distinctions and relationships between basic and applied research –particularly the values engaged by both endeavors. As a co-founder of one of the first graduate programs to label itself Applied Social Psychology, I’ve had occasions to comment on ways of comparing basic and applied projects, and others have proposed similar comparisons, along several dimensions including: a) Purpose, to advance general knowledge about fundamental phenomena vs. to provide information that’s relevant to a practical problem; b) Validity concerns, internal vs. external and ecological; c) Setting, artificial lab vs. natural field; d) Design, experimental vs. non-experimental; e) Methods of data collection, stationary equipment vs. questionnaires; f) Participants, non-humans or college students vs. specific types of people with a stake in the outcome; g)Initiators, researchers vs. researchers plus other stakeholders; h) Who cares, (same as previous); and i)Presentation media and audiences, psychological publications vs. project reports to clientele. This list could be expanded to include other considerations such as typical sources of funding and degree of multidisciplinarity, but I believe that none of these is definitive, that any given study has some location with respect to these considerations, and that those locations can refer to basic, applied, or both. To me the most substantial comparisons involve the origin of the topic and the role of theory in a project. Basic research originates from within psychology, and the aim is to test one or more theories for verification, or to explore a topic and form a theory about it. Really applied research originates from the world outside of psychology, and the role of theory is to supply ideas about the constructs and relations among them so the researcher can conceptualize the practical problem. Basic research is mainly about formulating and testing theories; applied research uses these theories (and maybe other ideas) to develop a conceptual framework to guide a project. Of course, these comparisons, like those above, are not absolute which means that basic and applied research need not be seen as dichotomous. Instead, as suggested by Medin’s Figure 3, and Kurt Lewin’s practical theorizing, the relationship between basic and applied can be co-equal and reciprocally informative.

John David Edwards, Emeritus Professor, Loyola University Chicago

APS regularly opens certain online articles for discussion on our website. Effective February 2021, you must be a logged-in APS member to post comments. By posting a comment, you agree to our Community Guidelines and the display of your profile information, including your name and affiliation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations present in article comments are those of the writers and do not necessarily reflect the views of APS or the article’s author. For more information, please see our Community Guidelines .

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About the Author

Douglas L. Medin is a professor at Northwestern University. He can be reached at [email protected] .

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Basic Research in Psychology

Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

Emily is a board-certified science editor who has worked with top digital publishing brands like Voices for Biodiversity, Study.com, GoodTherapy, Vox, and Verywell.

Basic research—also known as fundamental or pure research—refers to study and research meant to increase our scientific knowledge base. This type of research is often purely theoretical, with the intent of increasing our understanding of certain phenomena or behavior. In contrast with applied research, basic research doesn't seek to solve or treat these problems.

Basic Research Examples

Basic research in psychology might explore:

• Whether stress levels influence how often students engage in academic cheating
• How caffeine consumption affects the brain
• Whether men or women are more likely to be diagnosed with depression
• How attachment styles among children of divorced parents compare to those raised by married parents

In all of these examples, the goal is merely to increase knowledge on a topic, not to come up with a practical solution to a problem.

The Link Between Basic and Applied Research

As Stanovich (2007) noted, many practical solutions to real-world problems have emerged directly from basic research. For this reason, the distinction between basic research and applied research is often simply a matter of time. As social psychologist Kurt Lewin once observed, "There is nothing so practical as a good theory."

For example, researchers might conduct basic research on how stress levels impact students academically, emotionally, and socially. The results of these theoretical explorations might lead to further studies designed to solve specific problems. Researchers might initially observe that students with high stress levels are more prone to dropping out of college before graduating. These first studies are examples of basic research designed to learn more about the topic.

As a result, scientists might then design research to determine what interventions might best lower these stress levels. Such studies would be examples of applied research. The purpose of applied research is specifically focused on solving a real problem that exists in the world. Thanks to the foundations established by basic research, psychologists can then design interventions that will help students effectively manage their stress levels , with the hopes of improving college retention rates.

Why Basic Research Is Important

The possible applications of basic research might not be obvious right away. During the earliest phases of basic research, scientists might not even be able to see how the information gleaned from theoretical research might ever apply to real-world problems. However, this foundational knowledge is essential. By learning as much as possible about a topic, researchers are able to gather what they need to know about an issue to fully understand the impact it may have.

"For example, early neuroscientists conducted basic research studies to understand how neurons function. The applications of this knowledge were not clear until much later when neuroscientists better understood how this neural functioning affected behavior," explained author Dawn M. McBride in her text The Process of Research in Psychology . "The understanding of the basic knowledge of neural functioning became useful in helping individuals with disorders long after this research had been completed."

Basic Research Methods

Basic research relies on many types of investigatory tools. These include observation, case studies, experiments, focus groups, surveys, interviews—anything that increases the scope of knowledge on the topic at hand.

Frequently Asked Questions

Psychologists interested in social behavior often undertake basic research. Social/community psychologists engaging in basic research are not trying to solve particular problems; rather, they want to learn more about why humans act the way they do.

Basic research is an effort to expand the scope of knowledge on a topic. Applied research uses such knowledge to solve specific problems.

An effective basic research problem statement outlines the importance of the topic; the study's significance and methods; what the research is investigating; how the results will be reported; and what the research will probably require.

Basic research might investigate, for example, the relationship between academic stress levels and cheating; how caffeine affects the brain; depression incidence in men vs. women; or attachment styles among children of divorced and married parents.

By learning as much as possible about a topic, researchers can come to fully understand the impact it may have. This knowledge can then become the basis of applied research to solve a particular problem within the topic area.

Stanovich KE.  How to Think Straight About Psychology . 8th edition. Boston, MA: Pearson Allyn and Bacon; 2007.

McCain KW. “Nothing as practical as a good theory” Does Lewin's Maxim still have salience in the applied social sciences? Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology . 2015;52(1):1-4. doi:10.1002/pra2.2015.145052010077

McBride DM. The Process of Research in Psychology . 3rd edition . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 2015.

Committee on Department of Defense Basic Research. APPENDIX D: Definitions of basic, applied, and fundamental research . In: Assessment of Department of Defense Basic Research. Washington, D.C.: The National Academic Press; 2005.

By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

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Applied Research – Types, Methods and Examples

Table of Contents

Applied Research

Definition:

Applied research is a type of scientific inquiry that focuses on developing practical solutions to real-world problems. It involves the use of existing knowledge, theories, and techniques to address specific problems or challenges in a particular field or industry.

Applied research is often conducted in collaboration with industry or government partners, who provide funding and expertise to support the research. The results of applied research are typically intended to be directly applicable to the real world, and may involve the development of new products, technologies, or processes.

Types of Applied Research are as follows:

This type of research is designed to solve specific problems within an organization or community. The research involves collaboration between researchers and stakeholders to develop solutions to issues that affect the organization or community.

This type of research is used to assess the effectiveness of a particular program, policy, or intervention. Evaluation research is often used in government, healthcare, and social service settings to determine whether programs are meeting their intended goals.

Developmental Research

This type of research is used to develop new products, technologies, or processes. The research may involve the testing of prototypes or the development of new methods for production or delivery.

Diagnostic Research

This type of research is used to identify the causes of problems or issues. Diagnostic research is often used in healthcare, where researchers may investigate the causes of a particular disease or condition.

Policy Research

This type of research is used to inform policy decisions. Policy research may involve analyzing the impact of existing policies or evaluating the potential outcomes of proposed policies.

Predictive Research

This type of research is used to forecast future trends or events. Predictive research is often used in marketing, where researchers may use data analysis to predict consumer behavior or market trends.

Data Collection Methods

In applied research, data collection methods can be broadly classified into two categories: Quantitative and Qualitative methods:

Quantitative Data Collection

Quantitative research methods involve collecting numerical data that can be analyzed statistically. The most commonly used quantitative data collection methods in applied research include:

• Surveys : Surveys are questionnaires designed to collect data from a large sample of people. Surveys can be conducted face-to-face, over the phone, or online.
• Experiments : Experiments involve manipulating variables to test cause-and-effect relationships. Experiments can be conducted in the lab or in the field.
• Observations : Observations involve watching and recording behaviors or events in a systematic way. Observations can be conducted in the lab or in natural settings.
• Secondary data analysis: Secondary data analysis involves analyzing data that has already been collected by someone else. This can include data from government agencies, research institutes, or other sources.

Qualitative Data Collection

Qualitative research methods involve collecting non-numerical data that can be analyzed for themes and patterns. The most commonly used qualitative data collection methods in applied research include:

• Interviews : Interviews involve asking open-ended questions to individuals or groups. Interviews can be conducted in-person, over the phone, or online.
• Focus groups : Focus groups involve a group of people discussing a topic with a moderator. Focus groups can be conducted in-person or online.
• Case studies : Case studies involve in-depth analysis of a single individual, group, or organization.
• Document analysis : Document analysis involves analyzing written or recorded documents to extract data. This can include analyzing written records, audio recordings, or video recordings.

Data Analysis Methods

In applied research, data analysis methods can be broadly classified into two categories: Quantitative and Qualitative methods:

Quantitative Data Analysis

Quantitative data analysis methods involve analyzing numerical data to identify patterns and trends. The most commonly used quantitative data analysis methods in applied research include:

• Descriptive statistics: Descriptive statistics involve summarizing and presenting data using measures such as mean, median, mode, and standard deviation.
• Inferential statistics : Inferential statistics involve testing hypotheses and making predictions about a population based on a sample of data. This includes methods such as t-tests, ANOVA, regression analysis, and correlation analysis.
• Data mining: Data mining involves analyzing large datasets to identify patterns and relationships using machine learning algorithms.

Qualitative Data Analysis

Qualitative data analysis methods involve analyzing non-numerical data to identify themes and patterns. The most commonly used qualitative data analysis methods in applied research include:

• Content analysis: Content analysis involves analyzing written or recorded data to identify themes and patterns. This includes methods such as thematic analysis, discourse analysis, and narrative analysis.
• Grounded theory: Grounded theory involves developing theories and hypotheses based on the analysis of data.
• Interpretative phenomenological analysis: Interpretative phenomenological analysis involves analyzing data to identify the subjective experiences of individuals.
• Case study analysis: Case study analysis involves analyzing a single individual, group, or organization in-depth to identify patterns and themes.

Applied Research Methodology

Applied research methodology refers to the set of procedures, tools, and techniques used to design, conduct, and analyze research studies aimed at solving practical problems in real-world settings. The general steps involved in applied research methodology include:

• Identifying the research problem: The first step in applied research is to identify the problem to be studied. This involves conducting a literature review to identify existing knowledge and gaps in the literature, and to determine the research question.
• Developing a research design : Once the research question has been identified, the next step is to develop a research design. This involves determining the appropriate research method (quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods), selecting the data collection methods, and designing the sampling strategy.
• Collecting data: The third step in applied research is to collect data using the selected data collection methods. This can include surveys, interviews, experiments, observations, or a combination of methods.
• Analyzing data : Once the data has been collected, it needs to be analyzed using appropriate data analysis methods. This can include descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, content analysis, or other methods, depending on the type of data collected.
• Interpreting and reporting findings : The final step in applied research is to interpret the findings and report the results. This involves drawing conclusions from the data analysis and presenting the findings in a clear and concise manner.

Applications of Applied Research

Some applications of applied research are as follows:

• Product development: Applied research can help companies develop new products or improve existing ones. For example, a company might conduct research to develop a new type of battery that lasts longer or a new type of software that is more efficient.
• Medical research : Applied research can be used to develop new treatments or drugs for diseases. For example, a pharmaceutical company might conduct research to develop a new cancer treatment.
• Environmental research : Applied research can be used to study and address environmental problems such as pollution and climate change. For example, research might be conducted to develop new technologies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
• Agriculture : Applied research can be used to improve crop yields, develop new varieties of plants, and study the impact of pests and diseases on crops.
• Education : Applied research can be used to study the effectiveness of teaching methods or to develop new teaching strategies.
• Transportation : Applied research can be used to develop new technologies for transportation, such as electric cars or high-speed trains.
• Communication : Applied research can be used to improve communication technologies, such as developing new methods for wireless communication or improving the quality of video calls.

Examples of Applied Research

Here are some real-time examples of applied research:

• COVID-19 Vaccine Development: The development of COVID-19 vaccines is a prime example of applied research. Researchers applied their knowledge of virology and immunology to develop vaccines that could prevent or reduce the severity of COVID-19.
• Autonomous Vehicles : The development of autonomous vehicles involves applied research in areas such as artificial intelligence, computer vision, and robotics. Companies like Tesla, Waymo, and Uber are conducting extensive research to improve their autonomous vehicle technology.
• Renewable Energy : Research is being conducted on renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydro power to improve efficiency and reduce costs. This is an example of applied research that aims to solve environmental problems.
• Precision Agriculture : Applied research is being conducted in the field of precision agriculture, which involves using technology to optimize crop yields and reduce waste. This includes research on crop sensors, drones, and data analysis.
• Telemedicine : Telemedicine involves using technology to deliver healthcare remotely. Applied research is being conducted to improve the quality of telemedicine services, such as developing new technologies for remote diagnosis and treatment.
• Cybersecurity : Applied research is being conducted to improve cybersecurity measures and protect against cyber threats. This includes research on encryption, network security, and data protection.

Purpose of Applied Research

The purpose of applied research is to solve practical problems or improve existing products, technologies, or processes. Applied research is focused on specific goals and objectives and is designed to have direct practical applications in the real world. It seeks to address problems and challenges faced by individuals, organizations, or communities and aims to provide solutions that can be implemented in a practical manner.

The primary purpose of applied research is to generate new knowledge that can be used to solve real-world problems or improve the efficiency and effectiveness of existing products, technologies, or processes. Applied research is often conducted in collaboration with industry, government, or non-profit organizations to address practical problems and create innovative solutions.

Applied research is also used to inform policy decisions by providing evidence-based insights into the effectiveness of specific interventions or programs. By conducting research on the impact of policies and programs, decision-makers can make informed decisions about how to allocate resources and prioritize interventions.

Overall, the purpose of applied research is to improve people’s lives by developing practical solutions to real-world problems. It aims to bridge the gap between theory and practice, and to ensure that research findings are put into action to achieve tangible benefits.

When to use Applied Research

Here are some specific situations when applied research may be appropriate:

• When there is a need to develop a new product : Applied research can be used to develop new products that meet the needs of consumers. For example, a company may conduct research to develop a new type of smartphone with improved features.
• When there is a need to improve an existing product : Applied research can also be used to improve existing products. For example, a company may conduct research to improve the battery life of an existing product.
• When there is a need to solve a practical problem: Applied research can be used to solve practical problems faced by individuals, organizations, or communities. For example, research may be conducted to find solutions to problems related to healthcare, transportation, or environmental issues.
• When there is a need to inform policy decisions: Applied research can be used to inform policy decisions by providing evidence-based insights into the effectiveness of specific interventions or programs.
• When there is a need to improve efficiency and effectiveness: Applied research can be used to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of processes or systems. For example, research may be conducted to identify ways to streamline manufacturing processes or to improve the delivery of healthcare services.

Characteristics of Applied Research

The following are some of the characteristics of applied research:

• Focus on solving real-world problems : Applied research focuses on addressing specific problems or needs in a practical setting, with the aim of developing solutions that can be implemented in the real world.
• Goal-oriented: A pplied research is goal-oriented, with a specific aim of solving a particular problem or meeting a specific need. The research is usually designed to achieve a specific outcome, such as developing a new product, improving an existing process, or solving a particular issue.
• Practical and relevant: Applied research is practical and relevant to the needs of the industry or field in which it is conducted. It aims to provide practical solutions that can be implemented to improve processes or solve problems.
• Collaborative : Applied research often involves collaboration between researchers and practitioners, such as engineers, scientists, and business professionals. Collaboration allows for the exchange of knowledge and expertise, which can lead to more effective solutions.
• Data-driven: Applied research is data-driven, relying on empirical evidence to support its findings and recommendations. Data collection and analysis are important components of applied research, as they help to identify patterns and trends that can inform decision-making.
• Results-oriented: Applied research is results-oriented, with an emphasis on achieving measurable outcomes. Research findings are often used to inform decisions about product development, process improvement, or policy changes.
• Time-bound : Applied research is often conducted within a specific timeframe, with deadlines for achieving specific outcomes. This helps to ensure that the research stays focused on its goals and that the results are timely and relevant to the needs of the industry or field.

Some of the advantages of applied research are as follows:

• Practical solutions: Applied research is focused on developing practical solutions to real-world problems, making it highly relevant to the needs of the industry or field in which it is conducted. The solutions developed through applied research are often highly effective and can be implemented quickly to address specific issues.
• Improved processes: Applied research can help organizations to improve their processes, leading to increased efficiency and productivity. The research can identify areas for improvement, such as bottlenecks or inefficiencies, and provide recommendations for optimizing processes.
• Innovation: Applied research can lead to the development of new products, services, and technologies that can transform industries and create new opportunities for growth and innovation. The research can help organizations to identify unmet needs and develop new solutions to meet them.
• Collaboration : Applied research often involves collaboration between researchers and practitioners, leading to the exchange of knowledge and expertise. Collaboration can result in more effective solutions and can help to build partnerships between academia and industry.
• Increased competitiveness : Applied research can help organizations to stay competitive by enabling them to adapt to changing market conditions and customer needs. The research can provide insights into emerging trends and technologies, helping organizations to stay ahead of the curve.
• Economic growth: Applied research can contribute to economic growth by creating new industries and jobs. The research can lead to the development of new technologies and products that can drive economic growth and create new opportunities for entrepreneurship and innovation.

Limitations of Applied Research

Some of the limitations of applied research are as follows:

• Limited generalizability: Applied research often focuses on specific contexts and may not be generalizable to other settings. This means that the findings of applied research may not be applicable to other industries, regions, or populations.
• Time and resource constraints: Applied research is often conducted within a specific timeframe and with limited resources. This can limit the scope and depth of the research and may prevent researchers from exploring all possible avenues.
• Potential for bias: Applied research may be influenced by the interests and perspectives of the organization or industry funding the research. This can lead to a bias in the research and potentially compromise the objectivity and validity of the findings.
• Ethical considerations: Applied research may raise ethical concerns, particularly if it involves human subjects or sensitive issues. Researchers must adhere to ethical standards and ensure that the research is conducted in a responsible and respectful manner.
• Limited theoretical development: Applied research tends to focus on practical solutions and may not contribute significantly to theoretical development in a particular field. This can limit the broader impact of the research and may hinder the development of new theories and frameworks.
• Limited focus on long-term impact: Applied research often focuses on short-term outcomes, such as developing a new product or improving a process. This may limit the focus on long-term impacts, such as the sustainability of the solution or its broader implications for the industry or society.

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

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APPLIED RESEARCH

research aimed toward answering a practical question, for example, a clinical question, rather than developing a theory or obtaining knowledge purely for its own sake. Compare basic research - pure research.

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Case Study Research Method in Psychology

Saul Mcleod, PhD

Editor-in-Chief for Simply Psychology

BSc (Hons) Psychology, MRes, PhD, University of Manchester

Saul Mcleod, PhD., is a qualified psychology teacher with over 18 years of experience in further and higher education. He has been published in peer-reviewed journals, including the Journal of Clinical Psychology.

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Associate Editor for Simply Psychology

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On This Page:

Case studies are in-depth investigations of a person, group, event, or community. Typically, data is gathered from various sources using several methods (e.g., observations & interviews).

The case study research method originated in clinical medicine (the case history, i.e., the patient’s personal history). In psychology, case studies are often confined to the study of a particular individual.

The information is mainly biographical and relates to events in the individual’s past (i.e., retrospective), as well as to significant events that are currently occurring in his or her everyday life.

The case study is not a research method, but researchers select methods of data collection and analysis that will generate material suitable for case studies.

Freud (1909a, 1909b) conducted very detailed investigations into the private lives of his patients in an attempt to both understand and help them overcome their illnesses.

This makes it clear that the case study is a method that should only be used by a psychologist, therapist, or psychiatrist, i.e., someone with a professional qualification.

There is an ethical issue of competence. Only someone qualified to diagnose and treat a person can conduct a formal case study relating to atypical (i.e., abnormal) behavior or atypical development.

 Famous Case Studies

• Anna O – One of the most famous case studies, documenting psychoanalyst Josef Breuer’s treatment of “Anna O” (real name Bertha Pappenheim) for hysteria in the late 1800s using early psychoanalytic theory.
• Little Hans – A child psychoanalysis case study published by Sigmund Freud in 1909 analyzing his five-year-old patient Herbert Graf’s house phobia as related to the Oedipus complex.
• Bruce/Brenda – Gender identity case of the boy (Bruce) whose botched circumcision led psychologist John Money to advise gender reassignment and raise him as a girl (Brenda) in the 1960s.
• Genie Wiley – Linguistics/psychological development case of the victim of extreme isolation abuse who was studied in 1970s California for effects of early language deprivation on acquiring speech later in life.
• Phineas Gage – One of the most famous neuropsychology case studies analyzes personality changes in railroad worker Phineas Gage after an 1848 brain injury involving a tamping iron piercing his skull.

Clinical Case Studies

• Studying the effectiveness of psychotherapy approaches with an individual patient
• Assessing and treating mental illnesses like depression, anxiety disorders, PTSD
• Neuropsychological cases investigating brain injuries or disorders

Child Psychology Case Studies

• Studying psychological development from birth through adolescence
• Cases of learning disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, ADHD
• Effects of trauma, abuse, deprivation on development

Types of Case Studies

• Explanatory case studies : Used to explore causation in order to find underlying principles. Helpful for doing qualitative analysis to explain presumed causal links.
• Exploratory case studies : Used to explore situations where an intervention being evaluated has no clear set of outcomes. It helps define questions and hypotheses for future research.
• Descriptive case studies : Describe an intervention or phenomenon and the real-life context in which it occurred. It is helpful for illustrating certain topics within an evaluation.
• Multiple-case studies : Used to explore differences between cases and replicate findings across cases. Helpful for comparing and contrasting specific cases.
• Intrinsic : Used to gain a better understanding of a particular case. Helpful for capturing the complexity of a single case.
• Collective : Used to explore a general phenomenon using multiple case studies. Helpful for jointly studying a group of cases in order to inquire into the phenomenon.

Where Do You Find Data for a Case Study?

There are several places to find data for a case study. The key is to gather data from multiple sources to get a complete picture of the case and corroborate facts or findings through triangulation of evidence. Most of this information is likely qualitative (i.e., verbal description rather than measurement), but the psychologist might also collect numerical data.

1. Primary sources

• Interviews – Interviewing key people related to the case to get their perspectives and insights. The interview is an extremely effective procedure for obtaining information about an individual, and it may be used to collect comments from the person’s friends, parents, employer, workmates, and others who have a good knowledge of the person, as well as to obtain facts from the person him or herself.
• Observations – Observing behaviors, interactions, processes, etc., related to the case as they unfold in real-time.
• Documents & Records – Reviewing private documents, diaries, public records, correspondence, meeting minutes, etc., relevant to the case.

2. Secondary sources

• News/Media – News coverage of events related to the case study.
• Academic articles – Journal articles, dissertations etc. that discuss the case.
• Government reports – Official data and records related to the case context.
• Books/films – Books, documentaries or films discussing the case.

3. Archival records

Searching historical archives, museum collections and databases to find relevant documents, visual/audio records related to the case history and context.

Public archives like newspapers, organizational records, photographic collections could all include potentially relevant pieces of information to shed light on attitudes, cultural perspectives, common practices and historical contexts related to psychology.

4. Organizational records

Organizational records offer the advantage of often having large datasets collected over time that can reveal or confirm psychological insights.

Of course, privacy and ethical concerns regarding confidential data must be navigated carefully.

However, with proper protocols, organizational records can provide invaluable context and empirical depth to qualitative case studies exploring the intersection of psychology and organizations.

• Organizational/industrial psychology research : Organizational records like employee surveys, turnover/retention data, policies, incident reports etc. may provide insight into topics like job satisfaction, workplace culture and dynamics, leadership issues, employee behaviors etc.
• Clinical psychology : Therapists/hospitals may grant access to anonymized medical records to study aspects like assessments, diagnoses, treatment plans etc. This could shed light on clinical practices.
• School psychology : Studies could utilize anonymized student records like test scores, grades, disciplinary issues, and counseling referrals to study child development, learning barriers, effectiveness of support programs, and more.

How do I Write a Case Study in Psychology?

Follow specified case study guidelines provided by a journal or your psychology tutor. General components of clinical case studies include: background, symptoms, assessments, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. Interpreting the information means the researcher decides what to include or leave out. A good case study should always clarify which information is the factual description and which is an inference or the researcher’s opinion.

1. Introduction

• Provide background on the case context and why it is of interest, presenting background information like demographics, relevant history, and presenting problem.
• Compare briefly to similar published cases if applicable. Clearly state the focus/importance of the case.

2. Case Presentation

• Describe the presenting problem in detail, including symptoms, duration,and impact on daily life.
• Include client demographics like age and gender, information about social relationships, and mental health history.
• Describe all physical, emotional, and/or sensory symptoms reported by the client.
• Use patient quotes to describe the initial complaint verbatim. Follow with full-sentence summaries of relevant history details gathered, including key components that led to a working diagnosis.
• Summarize clinical exam results, namely orthopedic/neurological tests, imaging, lab tests, etc. Note actual results rather than subjective conclusions. Provide images if clearly reproducible/anonymized.
• Clearly state the working diagnosis or clinical impression before transitioning to management.

3. Management and Outcome

• Indicate the total duration of care and number of treatments given over what timeframe. Use specific names/descriptions for any therapies/interventions applied.
• Present the results of the intervention,including any quantitative or qualitative data collected.
• For outcomes, utilize visual analog scales for pain, medication usage logs, etc., if possible. Include patient self-reports of improvement/worsening of symptoms. Note the reason for discharge/end of care.

4. Discussion

• Analyze the case, exploring contributing factors, limitations of the study, and connections to existing research.
• Analyze the effectiveness of the intervention,considering factors like participant adherence, limitations of the study, and potential alternative explanations for the results.
• Identify any questions raised in the case analysis and relate insights to established theories and current research if applicable. Avoid definitive claims about physiological explanations.
• Offer clinical implications, and suggest future research directions.

5. Additional Items

• Thank specific assistants for writing support only. No patient acknowledgments.
• References should directly support any key claims or quotes included.
• Use tables/figures/images only if substantially informative. Include permissions and legends/explanatory notes.
• Provides detailed (rich qualitative) information.
• Provides insight for further research.
• Permitting investigation of otherwise impractical (or unethical) situations.

Case studies allow a researcher to investigate a topic in far more detail than might be possible if they were trying to deal with a large number of research participants (nomothetic approach) with the aim of ‘averaging’.

Because of their in-depth, multi-sided approach, case studies often shed light on aspects of human thinking and behavior that would be unethical or impractical to study in other ways.

Research that only looks into the measurable aspects of human behavior is not likely to give us insights into the subjective dimension of experience, which is important to psychoanalytic and humanistic psychologists.

Case studies are often used in exploratory research. They can help us generate new ideas (that might be tested by other methods). They are an important way of illustrating theories and can help show how different aspects of a person’s life are related to each other.

The method is, therefore, important for psychologists who adopt a holistic point of view (i.e., humanistic psychologists ).

Limitations

• Lacking scientific rigor and providing little basis for generalization of results to the wider population.
• Researchers’ own subjective feelings may influence the case study (researcher bias).
• Difficult to replicate.
• Time-consuming and expensive.
• The volume of data, together with the time restrictions in place, impacted the depth of analysis that was possible within the available resources.

Because a case study deals with only one person/event/group, we can never be sure if the case study investigated is representative of the wider body of “similar” instances. This means the conclusions drawn from a particular case may not be transferable to other settings.

Because case studies are based on the analysis of qualitative (i.e., descriptive) data , a lot depends on the psychologist’s interpretation of the information she has acquired.

This means that there is a lot of scope for Anna O , and it could be that the subjective opinions of the psychologist intrude in the assessment of what the data means.

For example, Freud has been criticized for producing case studies in which the information was sometimes distorted to fit particular behavioral theories (e.g., Little Hans ).

This is also true of Money’s interpretation of the Bruce/Brenda case study (Diamond, 1997) when he ignored evidence that went against his theory.

Breuer, J., & Freud, S. (1895).  Studies on hysteria . Standard Edition 2: London.

Curtiss, S. (1981). Genie: The case of a modern wild child .

Diamond, M., & Sigmundson, K. (1997). Sex Reassignment at Birth: Long-term Review and Clinical Implications. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine , 151(3), 298-304

Freud, S. (1909a). Analysis of a phobia of a five year old boy. In The Pelican Freud Library (1977), Vol 8, Case Histories 1, pages 169-306

Freud, S. (1909b). Bemerkungen über einen Fall von Zwangsneurose (Der “Rattenmann”). Jb. psychoanal. psychopathol. Forsch ., I, p. 357-421; GW, VII, p. 379-463; Notes upon a case of obsessional neurosis, SE , 10: 151-318.

Harlow J. M. (1848). Passage of an iron rod through the head.  Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 39 , 389–393.

Harlow, J. M. (1868).  Recovery from the Passage of an Iron Bar through the Head .  Publications of the Massachusetts Medical Society. 2  (3), 327-347.

Money, J., & Ehrhardt, A. A. (1972).  Man & Woman, Boy & Girl : The Differentiation and Dimorphism of Gender Identity from Conception to Maturity. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Money, J., & Tucker, P. (1975). Sexual signatures: On being a man or a woman.

choisir son premier tour de potier

Dernière mise à jour : 2 févr.

Avec Patricia de Au grès du sud

+ de 20 ans d'enseignement en céramique.

Cours en ligne à abonnement avec suivi personnel de modelage et tournage

tout apprenti potier aura envie un jour d'être autonome.

et vouloir enfin avoir son propre tour à la maison !

quel plaisir de se dire qu'à tout moment on peut tourner.

Alors lequel choisir parmi tous les modèles.

je vais vous éclairer sur les principales caractéristiques importantes avant d'acheter

1 : le moteur

Premier point à regarder c'est la puissance du moteur.

les tours les moins puissants commencent à 100w et les plus puissants vont jusqu'à 750w

je trouve qu'un moteur de 100 w est très limite!

le problème c'est quand vous allez trop appuyer sur la pièce il va ralentir et c'est très désagréable!

Surtout qu'en progressant vous allez tourner de plus en plus de grosses pièces et là ça va être un vrai problème!

je pense que les plus polyvalents ce sont les moteurs entre 300 et 500 w.

un 750w ne sert pas à grand chose sauf si vous voulez tourner

des amphores romaines de 80 cm !!

ne pas ce fier au descriptif du tour ils exagèrent toujours.

il existe deux types pour entraîner la girelle.

-Par courroie

-entraînement direct

Je n'ai pas de préférence entre les deux.

2 : La girelle

Deuxième point important c'est la girelle

On trouve sur le marché des girelles entre 20cm et 35 cm.

je pense q'une girelle entre 25 et 30 cm suffit surtout que l'on peut augmenter son diamètre avec des rondeaux en bois.

3 : Les décibels

Important c'est le bruit que le tour peut produire !

C'est vite fatiguant d'avoir un tour bruyant !

Donc plus c'est silencieux et plus c'est agréable mais plus cher.

Les tours à entraînement direct avec des moteurs électroniques (shimpo)

sont moins bruyants

4 : la pédale

On retrouve deux différents type de pédale

le plus agréable ce sont les pédales mobiles (pas fixe au tour).

elle sont très souples mais attention de pas appuyer dessus sans faire exprès!

le deuxième type de pédale ce sont les pédales fixes donc accrochées au tour et elles ont souvent une barre de réglage haute accrochée.

elle sont souvent assez dures.

5 : la fonction réversible

Cette fonction est très souvent incluse dans les tours.

Très pratique pour le tournassage et les gauchers.

Même si je conseille d'apprendre en droitiers ( je suis moi même gauchère mais j'ai préféré apprendre en droitière).

6 : le poids

pour moi plus le tour est lourd, plus il est stable et moins il vibre .

L'inconvénient c'est si vous devez le transporter régulièrement.

Les différents tours

On trouve deux types de tour :

-les tours à pied

-les tours de table

Personnellement je déconseille fortement les tours de table !

Par ce que la position de tournage est la plus importante pour réussir à tourner des pièces

sans se fatiguer et se faire mal au dos.

il sont beaucoup moins chers ! mais c'est une fausse économie car vous allez vite fabriquer une petite table pour le mettre à la bonne hauteur.

Alors quel modèle acheter ?

je ne vais pas vous présenter tous les tours du marché mais je vais vous présenter les tours les plus connus dont certains que je connais très bien car je les utilise.

je ne vous les présente pas dans un ordre de préférence.

1: Le shimpo RK3D

C'est la star des tours !

Très populaire dans le milieu !

C'est un excellent tour.

Mais pas le meilleur rapport qualité prix.

Ses qualités:

-moteur électronique à entraînement direct.

-ultra silencieux

-marque très fiable

-girelle de 30cm

-moteur 400 w

-inversement de sens de rotation

Ses défauts:

- Sa pédale accrochée au tour que je n'aime pas trop mais ce n'est que mon avis personnel.

-prix assez élevé par rapport aux prestations.

2:shimpo RK55

Très répandue dans les associations ou chez les débutants.

je ne le connais pas personnellement, il a des avantages et des inconvénients.

-vraiment pas pas cher.

-qualité shimpo

-trés silencieux

-moteur électronique à entraînement direct

-pédale amovible

-trés léger (aussi un inconvénient)

Ses inconvénients:

-le seul inconvénient que je vois c'est ca puissance !

La c'est un gros problème !

car 100 w c'est vraiment trop limite !

le gros problème c'est que vous allez vite progresser sur des gros volumes et à partir de 3 kg

ca va devenir trés embêtant !(ralentissement).

Je pars du principe que quand on achète un tour c'est pour 20 ans!

donc je ne conseille pas trop ce tour.

Maintenant mon préféré ! le pw-dc et sûrement l'un des meilleurs du marché actuel !

Ses qualités :

-puissance moteur (560W)

-girelle de 35,5

-double sens de rotation

Ses défauts

-moteur plus bruyant que les shimpo

-moteur à courroie

Je connais bien ce tour puisque je l'ai pour donner mes cours depuis 5 ans.

je trouve qu'il a un rapport qualité prix imbattable !

Il est très agréable pas trop bruyant et fiable.

Je n'ai aucun affiliation financière avec cette marque c'est juste mon avis.

Mais vous pourrez le garder des années sans être limité par la taille de vos pièces dans le futur.

c'est le petit frère au PW-DC

Je ne le connais pas personnellement mais je pense que c'est une très bonne affaire

car c'est le jumeau du shimpo r3kd en moins puissant mais à moitié prix !

ses qualités:

-girelle de 35 cm

-moteur assez puissant pour débuter (assez pour de nombreuses années).

-double sens

ses défauts:

-plus bruyant que les shimpo

-moteur pas très puissant mais suffisant

-pédale fixe

5: le brent CXC

Le top du top !

Je vous présente celui-là car c'est mon tour personnel

C'est vraiment le tour du professionnel !

Même moi je n'en n' ai pas l'utilité mais à l'époque il valait moitié prix ! (vive l'euro).

c'est une bête de puissance, 750 w.

Vraiment pas utile pour vous !

sauf si vous voulez vous faire plaisir ou que vous avez un gros niveau pour tourner des amphores grecques de 1 mètre!!!

-trés fiable (ça fait vingt ans que je l'ai et il est comme neuf!)

-moteur ultra puissant

-silencieux

-prix exorbitant

6:tour shimpo de table RK5T

Personnellement je ne suis pas du tout fan des tours de table

pour les raisons que je vous ai expliqué plus haut.

ses qualités

-là je ne vois pas !

-mauvaise position pour tourner

-moteur pas assez puissant!

-girelle de 25cm

-mauvais rapport qualité prix (pour 200€ de plus vous avez le PW-1)

7: Tour chinois, le tour à portée tous !

Les tours Chinois !

Ce tour de potier discount est une option pour les débutants et les amateurs qui souhaitent découvrir la poterie sans un réel investissement.

Cependant, les potiers plus expérimentés ou les professionnels préféreront investir dans un modèle plus avancé pour des performances optimales

et une plus grande variété de fonctionnalités.

Avantages : Son prix discount. L'avantage principal de ce tour de potier est son tarif qui le rend accessible à un public débutant.

-Compact et portable : Sa taille compacte lui permet de trouver sa place pour les petits espaces de travail ou pour ceux qui souhaitent transporter leur équipement facilement. --- -Inconvénients :Non adapté aux professionnels et aux passionnés qui pratiqueront sur un équipement de qualité aux performances supérieures.

Limite de taille : En raison de sa compacité, il peut ne pas convenir à la création de pièces de grande taille.

Manque de sensibilité à basse vitesse.

Adaptation de la hauteur du tour obligatoire.

-bien pour une initiation

-trop petit en hauteur, comme un tour miniature.

-trop léger

-pédale tout plastique très fragile.

Nouveau le tour vevor avec pied réglable en hauteur vient de sortir , c'est peut être le tour idéal pour pas cher ?

Voici l'avis d'une de mes élève qui a un tour Chinoi et un tour shimpo

J'ai commencé avec le tour chinois pour une question de budget et à l'époque je ne souhaitais pas forcément m'installer en pro. Il a fait l'affaire un temps (assez court) car je me suis vite vue limitee par sa puissance (on peut quand même tourner un bon poids de terre, perso je ne suis montée qu'à 800gr mais je pense que lon peut faire plus) et sa Fluidité !

Je ne parvenais pas à réussir des pièces "homogènes" avec le même poids de terre au départ. Ayant déjà pratiqué sur un shimpo j'ai vite vu la différence.

J'ai donc acheté le shimpo (occasion) et là tout était plus facile et fluide (je ne peux décrire cette fluidité mais c'était plus facile) ,

je réussissais plus facilement les pièces que je souhaitais faire.

Y a pas photo !!!

En résumé (avis perso) :

- petit budget et utilisation de loisir, le tour chinois fait le taff.

- Si pas de soucis de budget ou utilisation pro mieux vaut investir de suite dans

un "bon" tour.

Pour ma part je suis quand même contente d'avoir le tour chinois car il va me servir au tournassage et comme tournette electrique lorsque je ferai de grosses pièces.

Voilà mon avis le plus objectif possible.😉

Avis de caroline "mai 2021"

Si vous voulez en savoir plus sur ces tours , j'ai fais un test video .

voici le lien:

Je vais aller droit au but !

Le modele que je conseille c'est le PW-DC

ou le PW-1 pour ceux qui ont moins de moyens.

Après les shimpo RK3D et le shimpo RK3e (non présentés) et

le shimpo whisper (non présenté)

sont très bien aussi mais un peu chers au vu des prestations.

Je ne conseille pas le shimpo RK55 pas assez puissants ni les tours de table !

Je ne conseille pas non plus le Brent vraiment hors de prix et aucun intérêt pour du loisir !

Je n'ai pas parlé des tours Rohde qui sont excellents mais très chers aussi !

Ce sont des tours pour professionnels.

Je tiens à préciser que je n'ai aucune affiliation avec une marque!

C'est juste mon avis personnel !

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Les tours de Potier et comment Choisir le vôtre

Parmi les outils de base que tout potier, expert ou non, doit posséder, on trouve le tour de potier. De nos jours, il existe de nombreuses options pour les tours de potier et nous savons que cela rend le choix du bon tour difficile.

Mais ne vous inquiétez plus ! Aujourd’hui, nous vous expliquons tout ce que vous devez savoir sur tous les tours disponibles pour faciliter votre décision.

Avant de commencer, rappelons ce qu’est un tour de potier et un peu de son histoire.

Une brève histoire du tour de potier

Bien qu’il n’y ait pas de date ou de lieu confirmé, on pense que le tour de potier a été inventé en Égypte environ 3000 ans avant Jésus-Christ. Une image, considérée comme la première à représenter un tour de potier, montre le dieu Jnum en train de fabriquer un corps d’argile pour représenter son âme.

Cependant, la roue serait apparue en Mésopotamie vers 3500 avant J.-C.. Elle n’était pas utilisée pour le transport, mais plutôt pour faciliter la fabrication de poteries et comme système d’irrigation.

La façon dont les potiers de l’époque utilisaient ce tour était de le faire tourner avec leurs mains et après qu’il ait continué à tourner, le potier avait ces secondes pour mouler l’argile et faire sa pièce.

En Méditerranée, les potiers ont adopté le tour de potier, qui est devenu un outil facilitant leur travail. À cette époque, la taille et la hauteur de la roue présentaient déjà des variations qui leur permettaient de fabriquer des objets de différentes tailles.

Plus tard, au sein de la culture ibérique, une évolution du tour de potier est devenue évidente. Un tour à roue basse en bois a été créé. Pour que cela fonctionne, il fallait enfoncer un essieu dans le sol et continuer à faire tourner la roue.

Grâce à cet axe, le tour pouvait tourner beaucoup plus longtemps, ce qui facilitait la fabrication des pièces par les potiers. 

En 1820, une machine à vapeur a été adaptée et modifiée pour fonctionner avec des moules afin de pouvoir fabriquer des pièces similaires en moins de temps. Cette époque a été considérée comme la réinvention du tour de potier en raison de ces avancées et modifications.

Qu’est-ce que le tour du potier ?

Le tour de potier est l’outil le plus connu dans le domaine de la céramique. Les potiers l’utilisent pour façonner leurs pièces d’argile.

Les parties du tour du potier

Le tour du potier se compose des éléments suivants :

Le siège : c’est la partie la plus basique, et comme son nom l’indique, c’est l’endroit où le potier va s’asseoir. Ce siège doit être situé au-dessus du volant.

La manivelle : la manivelle est la grande roue, généralement en bois, située au bas du tour de potier. La manivelle est tournée par le pied du potier, ce qui permet au mandrin de tourner également.

La girelle : les trois noms sont valables, cet objet est l’endroit où l’argile sera placée pour être façonnée en tournant.

L’espace de travail : cette partie du tour joue le rôle d’une table où le potier peut poser les objets dont il a besoin et qu’il doit avoir à proximité. Cette partie est généralement en bois ou en fer.

Le pédale : comme vous le verrez ci-dessous, il existe deux types de tour de potier manuel, l’un d’entre eux possède une pédale qui est utilisée par le potier pour faire tourner son plateau. Cette pédale est située sous le mandrin.

Axe vertical : cette partie du tour est constituée d’une tige qui peut être droite ou courbe et qui relie la pédale ou le volant au mandrin. C’est ce qui permet la connexion entre ces pièces et permet aux deux de tourner en même temps.

Maintenant que nous avons bien compris le tour, ses fonctions et ses pièces, poursuivons avec les types de tour de potier qui existent.

Tours manuels

Les tours manuels sont connus pour être les plus anciens et les plus basiques qui existent, et comme leur nom l’indique, ces tours sont actionnés manuellement, c’est-à-dire avec les mains et les jambes du potier.

Il existe deux types de tours manuels :

Tour à roue

Bien que ces tours soient parmi les plus anciens, ils sont également agréables à utiliser et sont généralement utilisés par des potiers experts qui savent parfaitement comment les faire fonctionner.

Si vous apprenez à l’utiliser correctement, vous pouvez réaliser des pièces de différentes tailles et avec des couches d’argile très fines et très fines avec cette roue. Super !

Pour utiliser ce tour, le potier doit faire tourner la base en bois avec son pied afin que le tour puisse tourner et mouler la pâte.

Tour de potier à pied

Le tour à pédale est similaire au tour conventionnel, la seule différence étant la manière dont il est utilisé par les potiers.

La façon correcte d’utiliser ce tour est que, contrairement au tour à roue, il y a une pédale qui doit être pressée par le potier et de cette façon, le potier fait tourner le tour. Cependant, il présente l’inconvénient de ne pas pouvoir contrôler la vitesse à laquelle il tourne, ce qui peut empêcher une bonne manipulation de la pâte.

Avantages des tours manuels

• Ils ne s’abîment pas facilement, ce qui leur permet de durer longtemps.
• Ils sont faciles à utiliser pour les droitiers et les gauchers, car ils peuvent être tournés dans le sens des aiguilles d’une montre ou dans le sens inverse.
• Pour certains potiers, ce tour facilite le moulage de l’argile et rend les pièces plus fines en couches. 

Inconvénients de la roue à main

• Ils sont très lourds, il est donc difficile de les déplacer d’un endroit à l’autre.
• Si la roue est utilisée pour se tenir debout, elle peut provoquer des accidents si elle n’est pas utilisée correctement.
• Une utilisation constante pendant de longues périodes peut causer des problèmes au genou du potier à long terme.

Tours électriques

Grâce à la technologie, les tours ont également évolué. Aujourd’hui, vous pouvez choisir parmi de nombreux tours électriques.

Les tours électriques peuvent avoir des pédales sur lesquelles vous appuyez avec votre pied et ils commencent à tourner. Il en existe également d’autres qui n’ont pas besoin de pédale pour fonctionner, car dès qu’elles sont connectées à un courant électrique, elles commencent à tourner.

Aujourd’hui, nous pouvons trouver de petits tours électriques qui ont la roue et sous celle-ci, nous trouvons une base sur laquelle elle est soutenue et où se trouve le moteur. On peut trouver ce type de tours en aluminium et en métal.

Avantages des tours électriques

• Ils sont petits, légers et plus faciles à transporter d’un endroit à l’autre.
• Ils peuvent être moulés beaucoup plus rapidement, ce qui permet de fabriquer plusieurs pièces en peu de temps.

Inconvénients des tours électriques

• Ils dépendent de l’électricité pour leur utilisation.
• Ils sont très bruyants, ce qui peut être gênant pour certaines personnes.
• Certaines personnes peuvent le faire tourner trop vite, ce qui peut entraîner des pièces mal faites.

Points à garder à l’esprit

Maintenant que vous connaissez les types de tours disponibles et leurs avantages et inconvénients, il est important que vous preniez également en compte certains aspects tels que le prix, la garantie, l’espace, la facilité de transport, le type de girelle, le bruit et la durée de vie utile du produit que vous allez choisir.

Prix des tours

Les prix des tours varient en fonction de la taille du tour. Vous devez garder à l’esprit que les prix sont supérieurs à 84 USD et peuvent aller jusqu’à 500 USD.

Vous trouverez de nombreuses options et vous pourrez choisir celle qui convient à votre budget. Mais essayez toujours de rechercher des produits ou des marques qui sont recommandés pour leur bonne qualité et qui vous offrent également une garantie. N’oubliez pas que, parfois, le bon marché coûte cher.

Pour le savoir, nous vous conseillons de rechercher des recommandations et des commentaires sur la marque et le produit que vous allez acheter, afin d’être sûr que le tour que vous allez acheter sera le bon pour vous.

Garantie du produit

Tout comme vous devez tenir compte du prix du tour que vous achetez, il est important que vous teniez compte de la garantie de votre produit.

Nous vous recommandons d’acheter un tour bénéficiant d’une garantie d’au moins 5 ans , afin qu’en cas de dommage, vous n’ayez pas à vous soucier d’acheter un autre tour ou de payer pour le faire réparer.

Durée de vie

Si vous pouvez choisir un tour adapté à vos besoins, vous devez toujours garder à l’esprit que vous ne resterez pas toute votre vie à un niveau débutant ou intermédiaire en matière de céramique.

C’est pourquoi nous vous recommandons de choisir non seulement un tour de potier adapté au niveau auquel vous vous trouvez, mais aussi un tour qui vous permettra de progresser et que vous pourrez continuer à utiliser chaque fois que vous gagnerez en expérience dans le domaine.

Espace et portabilité

Ce sont deux aspects très importants que vous ne devez jamais négliger, car votre confort lors de la réalisation de vos pièces en argile en dépend.

Lorsque vous achetez un tour de potier, vous devez tenir compte de l’espace dans lequel vous allez travailler avec cet outil. Si votre espace n’est pas très grand, nous vous recommandons de choisir un tour de potier de petite ou moyenne taille afin que vous puissiez travailler confortablement. Si vous disposez d’un grand espace, vous avez un grand avantage car vous pouvez choisir le tour que vous préférez.

Le dernier aspect est la facilité de transport , et nous entendons par là la facilité de pouvoir déplacer votre tour d’un endroit à l’autre. Nous vous conseillons de choisir un tour qui ne pèse pas lourd et que vous pouvez transporter sans problème ni effort.

Type de girelle

Il existe plusieurs types de girelles pour des tours de tailles et de matériaux différents. Certaines personnes trouvent qu’il est beaucoup plus facile de travailler sur une girelle en plâtre, tandis que d’autres trouvent qu’il est plus facile de travailler sur une girelle en métal.

Aujourd’hui, les girelles les plus courants sont en métal, car cela permet de manipuler n’importe quel matériau sans aucun problème. De plus, par rapport à la girelle en plâtre, la girelle en métal est plus facile à nettoyer.

Nous vous suggérons de choisir un plateau en métal en raison des avantages qu’il présente lors de son utilisation. Assurez-vous également qu’il est de taille moyenne ou grande, car vous l’utiliserez plus tard pour créer de grandes pièces.

De nos jours, certains tours sont très bruyants, ce qui peut être une nuisance pour beaucoup de personnes lorsqu’elles travaillent, car le bruit peut être stressant et diminuer la concentration et le calme dont le potier a besoin pour réaliser ses pièces.

Pour vous assurer que le tour de potier que vous allez acheter ne fait pas trop de bruit, nous vous suggérons de rechercher des références sur le produit et, si vous le pouvez, de demander au fabricant tout ce que vous voulez savoir.

Si tout cela est trop compliqué pour vous, ne vous inquiétez pas : poursuivez votre lecture et nous vous donnerons des recommandations sur les meilleurs tours à acheter.

Où acheter un tour de potier ?

Les tours de potier, qu’ils soient manuels ou électriques, peuvent être achetés sur Internet ou dans des magasins physiques où sont vendus toutes sortes d’outils, non seulement pour la céramique mais aussi pour ceux qui travaillent des matériaux tels que le bois et le métal.

Acheter un tour de potier dans un magasin physique présente l’avantage de pouvoir examiner chaque partie de l’outil en détail et de choisir la meilleure option pour vous. Cependant, la plupart du temps, ils peuvent être très coûteux.

Si vous décidez d’acheter votre tour en ligne, nous vous recommandons de toujours le faire par le biais de sites web sécurisés qui vous donnent la garantie que ce que vous allez acheter sera en bon état. Sur Internet, vous pouvez obtenir des tours de première main et si vous cherchez bien, vous trouverez plusieurs offres.

Voici quelques recommandations :

Tour céramique électrique avec plateau tournant

• Prix : 57 USD
• Tour électrique
• Alimenté par le courant électrique
• Léger et en aluminium de couleur argentée

Si ce que vous recherchez est un tour léger et facile à manipuler, nous vous recommandons ce produit car vous pouvez l’utiliser pour fabriquer des céramiques à la maison et vous pouvez l’emporter avec vous.

Il est important de savoir qu’avec ce tour de potier, vous ne pouvez réaliser que de petites pièces et que si vous souhaitez réaliser des objets plus grands par la suite, vous devez penser à en acheter un plus grand.

Tour de potier électrique pour le travail de la poterie 350w

• Prix : 285 USD
• Tour électrique avec pédale
• Imperméable à l’eau

Nous recommandons ce produit parce qu’il est étanche, ce qui le rend robuste, grand et doté d’une pédale. De cette façon, vous avez la possibilité de le faire fonctionner et de lui donner la vitesse que vous souhaitez par vous-même, puis d’essayer avec un tour manuel.

Ce tour est idéal pour la fabrication de petites, moyennes et grandes pièces. Nous le considérons comme un bon investissement.

Mini tour à main électrique pour poterie

• Prix : 43 USD
• Petit tour électrique
• Aluminium léger avec motif de fleurs

Nous recommandons ce produit pour son bon prix et sa taille, c’est idéal pour ceux qui veulent faire de petites pièces et emporter l’outil avec eux pour travailler partout. 

S SMAUTOR 350W Tour en céramique

• Prix : 38 USD
• Marque S SMAUTOP
• Affichage numérique pour le contrôle de la vitesse

Nous recommandons ce produit car il est parfait pour réaliser des pièces de différentes tailles, des plus petites aux plus grandes. Il dispose d’une pédale de commande de la vitesse et, si cela ne suffit pas, d’un affichage numérique au cas où il serait difficile de contrôler la vitesse avec la seule pédale de commande.

Un autre avantage de l’utilisation de ce tour est qu’il dispose d’un chevalet pour mettre les outils dont vous avez besoin à proximité lorsque vous travaillez.

Tour de céramique DIY

• Prix : 60 (USD)
• Roue électrique
• Léger, en plastique

Si vous êtes un débutant et que vous ne vous sentez pas en confiance pour acheter un tour plus avancé, cette option est faite pour vous.

Ce tour est idéal pour ceux qui apprennent, il est en plastique, non toxique et respectueux de l’environnement. Sa taille vous permet de l’essayer et de réaliser de petites pièces. En outre, vous pouvez choisir la vitesse que vous préférez.

Ce tour est adapté aux personnes âgées de 8 ans et plus, de sorte que même vos enfants, vos frères et sœurs ou vos petits cousins peuvent l’utiliser. Qu’y a-t-il de plus cool que de s’exercer en famille ?

Nous vous recommandons également de rechercher des tours d’occasion, c’est-à-dire des tours qui ont déjà été utilisés mais qui sont en bon état et fonctionnent parfaitement. Ils présentent l’avantage d’être plus abordables qu’un produit neuf.

Nos conseils

Si vous êtes débutant dans le monde de la céramique, nous vous conseillons de choisir un petit tour de potier électrique pas très professionnel, mais pas non plus pour les débutants, car, bien que ce soit votre premier investissement, l’idéal est que vous puissiez continuer à utiliser cet outil.

Idéalement, ce tour devrait être dépourvu de pédale, afin que vous puissiez apprendre à l’utiliser beaucoup plus facilement. En un rien de temps, vous serez un professionnel à la recherche d’un tour adapté à vos besoins et de nouvelles pièces.

Si vous pensez être à un niveau intermédiaire de céramique, nous vous recommandons d’acheter un tour électrique avec pédale, ces types de tours sont de taille moyenne et un peu plus lourds que les petits tours électriques et ont un coût approximatif de 281 (UDS), de cette façon, au fur et à mesure que vous progressez et apprenez beaucoup plus de techniques, vous pourrez continuer à utiliser cet outil sans aucun problème.

Comme nous vous le recommandons, vous pouvez opter pour un tour électrique, si vous n’aimez pas ce type de tour, nous vous suggérons également d’essayer les fours manuels pour améliorer vos techniques en tant que céramiste. L’utilisation de ce type de tour sera facile car vous avez déjà de la pratique avec votre tour à pédale électrique. Fantastique !

Si vous êtes un professionnel et que vous avez déjà de l’expérience, vous pouvez choisir celui avec lequel vous vous sentez le plus à l’aise, voire essayer un tour de potier et vous fixer comme objectif d’être le meilleur potier qui soit.

Nous espérons que cet article vous a informé sur les types de tours de potier disponibles et qu’il vous a aidé à faciliter votre décision quant au type de tour à acheter.

Et rappelez-vous, c’est en forgeant qu’on devient forgeron.

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Coffret atelier de poterie

Ref. 42003930

La livraison s'effectue devant votre domicile (à l'entrée de votre immeuble, devant le portail de votre maison). Découvrez toutes les conditions d'expéditions et modes de livraison

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La poterie est un des loisirs créatifs qui permet d'exprimer sa créativité tout en apprennant de nouvelles techniques.

• Ce coffret de poterie contient tout le matériel dont vous aurez besoin pour vous initier à cette pratique.
• Il dévoile un véritable tour de potier électrique et compact, facile à ranger. Le tour est muni d'un plateau d'aluminium de 10 cm de diamètre, adapté à tous les types de créations, ainsi que d'un bac de protection. 
• Ajustez sa vitesse en fonction de vos besoins (jusqu'à 300 tours/minute).
• A l'intérieur du coffret, vous trouverez aussi un kit de 5 outils de poterie en bois pour la sculpture, le modelage, la découpe, le burinage, le lissage...
• Un bloc d'argile vous permettra de vous lancer dans vos premières créations.
• Et pour vous accompagner dans vos premiers pas, le livret d'instructions propose aussi différents modèles de poteries simples à réaliser.
• Ce tour de potier est adapté aux adultes et aux enfants (dès 8 ans).
• ATTENTION ! Ne convient pas aux enfants de moins de 3 ans.
• Référence 42003930

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Choisir une bonne table de poterie

Sep 28, 2021 | Outils | 6 commentaires

La table de mon atelier a longtemps été un élément que j’ai négligé. Pourtant, c’est un élément central et important à bien des égards. Dans cet article, je vous donne des astuces pour trouver votre table d’atelier ! 

Pourquoi est-il important d’avoir une bonne table dans son atelier de poterie ?

La praticité.

Si vous prenez une toute petite table, ou une table non adaptée, vous allez vite vous rendre compte que vous perdrez un temps fou dans toutes les activités que vous entreprendrez.

Choisir la bonne table s’est s’assurer un confort maximal.

Une table trop haute ou trop basse va vous forcer à prendre une mauvaise position, et vous aurez mal au dos, ou vous perdrez du temps sur des mouvements comme le battage de la terre.

L’hygiène

La matière de votre table est importante. La poussière générée par la terre et pire, par les émaux, doit être prise au sérieux. Une table non adaptée risquera de vous créer beaucoup de problèmes.

Différencier atelier et coin de poterie

Bien sûr, vous n’allez pas acheter une table tout spécialement pour la poterie si vous avez une pratique de loisir.

Si vous ne pratiquez que de temps en temps, je vous conseille d’ acquérir une nappe épaisse et solide type vinyle , que vous poserez sur votre table de salon / salle à manger ou autre le temps de travailler. Vous n’aurez ensuite plus qu’à la rincer soigneusement.

Attention de ne jamais laisser sécher la terre, et d’éviter de travailler à côté d’un ordinateur ou autre appareil sensible que la poussière de terre pourrait abîmer !

Les qualités d’une table de poterie

La bonne hauteur.

La meilleure hauteur est la vôtre : mettez vous debout, bras tendus contre le corps, et une main à plat horizontalement. La hauteur idéale de votre table est celle de votre main : elle doit pouvoir reposer à plat sur la table sans que vous n’ayez à vous baisser ou à relever l’épaule.

Une surface en bois

Beaucoup de personnes utilisent une nappe en vinyle ou plastique. C’est très facile à nettoyer, mais quel enfer pour battre de la terre dessus ! Ou même pour former une plaque, impossible de décoller quoi que ce soit. Un peu d’eau et vous vous retrouvez avec un effet ventouse immédiat.

Je vous conseille fortement d’avoir une table avec un plateau en bois brut . Une surface en bois est idéale pour la terre car elle se nettoie facilement et n’accroche pas la surface. Attention à ne pas prendre une table vernie, ni une table en mélaminé, qui s’abimerait rapidement avec l’eau.

Tout dépendra bien sûr de votre activité, mais il faut prévoir une table assez grande pour ne pas avoir de problèmes de surface quand vous travaillez. Une table rectangulaire de 65 x 150 cm est un bon début dans un petit atelier.

La stabilité

Le gros défaut de toutes les tables que j’avais pu tester chez moi était la stabilité : une table n’est pas faite pour être secouée par des mouvements de battage de la terre ! Au début, j’avais pensé fixer ma table à un mur, mais c’était contraignant car je voulais une table centrale. Ensuite, j’ai trouvé une table très solide avec des pieds joints entre eux, mais elle était trop basse et j’avais des douleurs dorsales très rapidement.  

Ci-contre, un exemple de structure qui permet une bonne stabilité : aux extrémités, les pies sont joints, et la grande barre transversale permet de stabiliser l’ensemble.

• Prenez l’habitude de totalement débarrasser votre table à chaque session de travail afin quelle soit toujours prête pour la session suivante
• Achetez un spray à eau pour asperger la terre qui aurait sécher sur la surface de la table. Ainsi, vous nettoyez de la terre humide et pas de la poussière, ce qui vous permettra d’épargner vos poumons

La table de poterie parfaite

J’ai fait pas mal de recherches pour trouver la bonne table. Voici 3 solutions possibles :

• Faire appel à un menuisier qui vous fera une table sur mesure , mais votre budget en prendra un coup. C’est vraiment la meilleure table que vous pourrez avoir, car il peut également vous faire des rangements en dessous.
• Ecumer les petites annonces pour trouver une table ancienne à plateau en bois brut et pieds solides . La difficulté est de trouver la bonne hauteur !
• La solution que j’ai adoptée, un table sur tréteaux, à la fois solide, pas cher et « sur-mesure » au niveau de la hauteur !

La solution que j’ai choisie : la table avec tréteaux

Voici ma table depuis quelques mois, et j’en suis ravie.

Ici j’y ai déposé le contenu de mon dernier four, mais habituellement elle est vide. 

En dessous, au niveau des tréteaux, j’ai mes sacs de terre entamés et des sachets plastiques de l’autre côté. 

En dessous entre les tréteaux j’ai un seau de terre à recycler et j’y glisse mon siège.

Elle est constituée d’ un plateau en bois massif et de deux tréteaux :

• Tréteaux «  MITTBACK « , 30€ x 2 
• Plateau : à la base acheté chez Ikea, j’ai l’impression qu’il n’existe plus, donc voici une référence similaire avec ce plateau de chêne de chez Leroy Merlin , 160 x 80 cm

A noter que le plateau est vissé sur les tréteaux , d’où la très bonne stabilité. 

Pour 133€ vous aurez une table solide, réglable en hauteur, avec même quelques rangements au niveau des tréteaux.

Pour le moment le seul reproche que j’ai pu faire est que, étant petite, j’ai été obligée de la régler au plus bas. Donc si vous mesurez moins d’1m60, vous risquez d’être embêté.e par la hauteur !

N’hésitez pas à regarder les petites annonces style market place pour les tréteaux et le panneau de bois car il arrive qu’il y ait des petites surprises !

Et vous ? A quoi ressemble votre table de poterie ? Partagez votre expérience en commentaire pour aider de futurs potiers !

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POTTER'S WHEEL PW-DCT LEG

Reference: PW-DCTLEG

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Weight 45.00 kg

The minimum purchase order quantity for the product is 1

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Electronic Potter wheel on feet  PW-DCT LEG

Power 250 W en 220 V (1/3 CV)

Dimensions : L 530 x P 680 x H 510 mm .

Wheel head diameter 300 mm .

Collector in plastic in 2 parts which can be easily dismantled.

Silencious potter's wheel.

direction: Clockwise or Anti-clockwise.

Variable speed to 0 at 300 RPM.

Quiet: 55 dB.

Weight 35 kg .

Capacity : 15 kg max

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ELECTRIC POTTER'S WHEEL PW-DCTLEG Electronic Potter's Wheel on 4 feet Ref : PW-DCTLEG Direct current motor. Power 250 W in 220 V (1/3 CV) Dimensions : W 530 x D 680 x H 510 mm . Girelle of 300 mm . Plastic manifold in 2 parts easily removable. Silent lathe. Double direction of rotation. Variation of the speed with an aluminium pedal. Rotation speed from 0 to 300 rpm. Noise level : 55 dB. Weight 35 kg approx. Turning capacity : 18 kg approx.

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