31 U.S. Code § 1353 - Acceptance of travel and related expenses from non-Federal sources

1990— Pub. L. 101–280, § 4(b)(1) , renumbered section 1352 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–280, § 4(c)(1) , substituted “in the executive branch (including an independent agency) may accept payment, or authorize an employee of such agency to accept payment on the agency’s behalf,” for “or employee in the executive branch may accept payment” .

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–280, § 4(c)(2)(A) , inserted “or 7342” after “section 4111”.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 101–280, § 4(c)(2)(B) , substituted “(1),” for “(1)”.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 101–280, § 4(c)(3) , substituted “all executive agencies” for “any executive agency”.

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31 USC 1353 – Acceptance of travel and related expenses from non-Federal sources

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Administrator of General Services, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Government Ethics, shall prescribe by regulation the conditions under which an agency in the executive branch (including an independent agency) may accept payment, or authorize an employee of such agency to accept payment on the agency’s behalf, from non-Federal sources for travel, subsistence, and related expenses with respect to attendance of the employee (or the spouse of such employee) at any meeting or similar function relating to the official duties of the employee. Any cash payment so accepted shall be credited to the appropriation applicable to such expenses. In the case of a payment in kind so accepted, a pro rata reduction shall be made in any entitlement of the employee to payment from the Government for such expenses.

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Terms Used In 31 USC 1353

  • Appropriation : The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
  • Entitlement : A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.
  • officer : includes any person authorized by law to perform the duties of the office. See 1 USC 1

(b) Except as provided in this section or section 4111 or 7342 of title 5, an agency or employee may not accept payment for expenses referred to in subsection (a). An employee who accepts any payment in violation of the preceding sentence—

(1) may be required, in addition to any penalty provided by law, to repay, for deposit in the general fund of the Treasury, an amount equal to the amount of the payment so accepted; and

(2) in the case of a repayment under paragraph (1), shall not be entitled to any payment from the Government for such expenses.

(c) As used in this section—

(1) the term “executive branch” means all executive agencies (as such term is defined in section 105 of title 5 ); and

(2) the term “employee in the executive branch” means—

(A) an appointed officer or employee in the executive branch; and

(B) an expert or consultant in the executive branch, under section 3109 of title 5 ; and

(3) the term “payment” means a payment or reimbursement, in cash or in kind.

(d)(1) The head of each agency of the executive branch shall, in the manner provided in paragraph (2), submit to the Director of the Office of Government Ethics reports of payments of more than $250 accepted under this section with respect to employees of the agency. The Director shall make such reports available for public inspection and copying.

(2) The reports required by paragraph (1) shall, with respect to each payment—

(A) specify the amount and method of payment, the name of the person making the payment, the name of the employee, the nature of the meeting or similar function, the time and place of travel, the nature of the expenses, and such other information as the Administrator of General Services may prescribe by regulation under subsection (a);

(B) be submitted not later than May 31 of each year with respect to payments in the preceding period beginning on October 1 and ending on March 31; and

(C) be submitted not later than November 30 of each year with respect to payments in the preceding period beginning on April 1 and ending on September 30.

travel expenses 1353

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Traveling on Official Business –  41 C.F.R. Chapter 304

Generally, your official travel must be paid with appropriated funds. Under certain circumstances, however, the Department or your bureau/office may accept in-kind travel benefits from a non-Federal source on your behalf, or the Department or your bureau/office may be reimbursed for your travel expenses by a non-Federal source.

Travel Expense Acceptance -  31 U.S.C. § 1353

This law allows Executive Branch agencies to accept reimbursement or in-kind donations from non-Federal sources for an employee's transportation expenses (including food, lodging, incidental expenses, and registration costs) to certain functions related to the employee's official duties.

Acceptance of travel expenses from non-Federal sources is only permitted when the employee's travel is for attendance at a conference, meeting, seminar, training course, speaking engagement, or similar event that takes place away from the employee's official duty station (the employee must be in a travel status). Travel under this authority may not be used for events required to carry out DOI's statutory and regulatory functions, such as investigations, inspections, audits, site visits, or to attend vendor promotional training.

In addition to an approved travel authorization, the employee must also have an approved ethics form  DI-2000  in advance of travel. Approval for accepting travel expenses is also subject to conflict-of-interest considerations. Acceptance of travel expenses from non-Federal sources will not be approved if it would cause a reasonable person with knowledge of all the relevant facts to question the integrity of the programs or operations of the Department, its offices, or bureaus.

It is not permissible for an employee to personally accept reimbursement from an outside source. All checks must be made out to DOI or to the employee's bureau. With prior approval, employees may accept "in kind" items such as airline tickets, meals, or hotel accommodations. In addition to accepting travel expenses for an employee, DOI may accept travel expenses for a spouse to accompany the employee to the same event where the spouse's presence is determined to be in the interest of DOI or the employee’s bureau.

Other Authorities to Accept Travel Expenses

31 U.S.C. § 1353 is the preferred authority to use if reimbursement or in-kind donation of travel expenses to a meeting or similar function is offered by an outside source. There are additional statutes that authorize acceptance of employees' travel expenses for other than meetings or similar functions.

The authority under  5 U.S.C. § 4111  to accept travel expenses from non-profit organizations described by section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (with the approval of the DAEO or bureau ethics counselor), still exists when it is reasonably impractical for the agency to accept travel under 31 U.S.C. § 1353. Employees may also accept travel expenses under the Intergovernmental Personnel Act when the employee is attending an event other than a conference or a meeting, or occasions permissible under 31 U.S.C. § 1353.

Other provisions that remain in effect are (1) the authority under  5 U.S.C. § 3343  for employees to accept travel expenses in connection with details to foreign governments and public international organizations, (2) the authority under  5 U.S.C. § 5751  for employees and agencies to accept travel expenses when summoned or assigned to provide official testimony on behalf of parties other than the United States, and (3) the authority under  15 U.S.C. § 3710a  to carry out agreements under the Federal Technology Transfer Act.

Finally, there are statutory authorities that allow bureaus to accept gifts of travel, food, and lodging, in connection with programs for the advancement of Bureau of Indian Affairs, the National Park Service, the Fish and Wildlife Service, or other bureau-specific programs that are not covered under 31 U.S.C. § 1353. Assistance in using these authorities is provided by the Departmental Ethics Office, ethics counselors from your bureau, and your Solicitor's Office General Law Division.

Frequent Flyer Benefits -  41 C.F.R. § 301-53

Federal employees may retain for personal use promotional items, including frequent flyer miles, earned on official travel.

Airline Bumping Benefits

An employee may voluntarily give up his or her seat on an oversold flight as long as it does not interfere with his or her official duties and there is no increase in costs to the Government. If this situation applies, the employee may keep any gift or compensation under the following conditions. The employee may not claim additional travel expenses, including per diem, as a result of giving up his or her seat. The employee must take annual leave if his or her travel is delayed during duty hours and pay any expenses accrued while on leave. Any benefits resulting from an employee being involuntarily bumped from an oversold flight belong to the Government.

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99-2 Acceptance of Travel from Non-Federal Sources

  • Definitions
  • Delegations
  • General Policies
  • Financial Disclosure Reports
  • Semi-Annual Reports

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE - OFFICE OF ETHICS

ETHICS ISSUANCE: Number 99-2 Date: January 7, 2000 (Updated April 2, 2004)

SUBJECT: ACCEPTANCE OF TRAVEL EXPENSES FROM NON-FEDERAL SOURCES

This document establishes procedures for agency acceptance of funds for the reimbursement of official travel and subsistence and for in-kind assistance from a non-Federal source for employee attendance at meetings or similar functions.

2. Authority

Title 31 U.S.C. § 1353 grants Executive Branch departments and agencies authority to accept travel assistance to events held away from a Federal employee’s official duty station. This law was enacted as a provision in the Ethics Reform Act of 1989. In November 1992, the General Services Administration (GSA), in consultation with the Office of Government Ethics (OGE), issued joint implementing regulations at 41 CFR Parts 301-1 and 304-1.

On September 29, 1999, the Secretary of Agriculture directed the Office of Ethics (OE), in consultation with the Chief Financial Officer and the General Counsel to: 1) establish a department wide administrative process for handling unsolicited offers of travel expenses from non-Federal sources; 2) delegate authority to approve the acceptance of payments at a high level among agencies and staff offices; 3) prescribe a standard form for reporting each instance in which this authority is used; and 4) develop and deliver a training program for Ethics Advisors (who are to conduct the conflict analyses) and Deputy Ethics Officials, who are delegated approval authority to accept the gift on behalf of the agency.

The authority to accept travel expenses from non-Federal sources permits Federal agencies to accept the gift of financial support for the travel of its employees to attend meetings or similar functions that employees have been authorized to attend in an official capacity on behalf of the employing agency provided the value to the agency offsets any possible appearance problem that may attach to the acceptance. Such financial support is not considered an improper augmentation of appropriations nor is it contrary to the ethics rules on gift acceptance. While the purpose of the trip must relate to the official duties of the employee, the trip must not be for the purpose of performing one’s line responsibilities such as: investigations, inspections, audits, site visits, negotiations or litigation. While this authority allows agencies to focus their limited travel resources to direct line activities and accept outside funding for peripheral activities, it must be prudently applied in order to protect the integrity and appearance of our programs.

4. Definitions

4.1 "In-kind Assistance" means goods, services, or other benefits (such as airline tickets, pre-payment of lodgings, other travel related fees, or waiver of any fees that a non-Federal source normally collects from meeting attendees such as registration fees) provided directly to the traveler from a non-Federal source for travel, subsistence, and related expenses in lieu of funds paid to an agency (see Section 4.6 "Travel, subsistence and related expenses" below).

4.2 "Meeting or Similar Function" means a conference, seminar, speaking engagement, symposium, training course, or similar off-site event. The term excludes travel required to carry out an agency’s statutory or regulatory functions, that is, a function essential to carrying out an agency mission such as: investigations, inspections, audits, site visits, negotiations, or litigation. Also excluded are promotional vendor training, travel related to training, long term TDY, or other meetings held for the primary purpose of marketing the non-Federal sources’ products.

4.3 "Non-Federal Source" means a person or organization other than the Federal government. The term includes any individual, private or commercial entity, non-profit organization or association or international or multinational organization (irrespective of whether an agency holds membership in the organization or association), foreign, state, or local government and the government of the District of Columbia.

4.4 "Payment" means funds paid by a non-Federal source for travel, subsistence, and related expenses by check or similar instrument to an agency.

4.5 "Deputy Ethics Official (DEO)" is defined in Ethics Issuance 02-2. Briefly restated, a DEO is an Agency Administrator or head of a Staff Office, or his or her designees, responsible for administering the ethics program within his or her agency or staff office.

4.6 "Travel, subsistence and related expenses (travel expenses)" means transportation, food, lodging or other travel-related services for official travel (e.g., baggage expenses, services of guides, drivers, interpreters, communication services, hire of conference rooms, lodging taxes, laundry/dry cleaning, taxi fares, etc.). These expenses also include conference or training fees (whole or in part), as well as benefits that cannot be paid under the applicable travel regulation, but which are incident to the meeting provided in kind, and made available by the meeting sponsor(s) to all attendees. For example, this definition as applied here would allow an employee or spouse to attend a sporting event hosted by the sponsor(s) in connection with the meeting that is available to all participants. However, it would not allow the employee to accept tickets to a professional sporting event, concert or similar event, for use at a later date even if such tickets were given to all other participants.

5. Delegations

Each Deputy Ethics Official, or his or her designee, is delegated responsibility to approve the acceptance of an offer from a non-Federal source to finance the travel expenses of an employee within the Deputy Ethics Official’s organization. The Ethics Advisor is delegated responsibility to make the conflict of interest analysis and to recommend to the Deputy Ethics Official either acceptance, or non-acceptance, of the payment from the non-Federal source.

6. General Policies

6.1 Bar on soliciting non-Federal travel assistance : The offer of payment of non-Federal travel assistance must not be solicited by the agency or employee/traveler. No Ethics Advisor shall recommend acceptance, and no Deputy Ethics Official shall authorize acceptance, of travel or expenses for travel which evidences that it was solicited.

6.2 Timing : Generally, approval for a traveler to engage in travel sponsored by a non-Federal source must be obtained before the fact. Occasionally, employees are offered additional travel assistance while in travel status. Employees may accept such assistance under the following conditions:

Employees may accept additional travel assistance while in travel status when it is offered from the same source if:

  • the assistance offered is comparable in value to that offered to or purchased by other attendees, and
  • the agency did not decline such assistance in advance of the employee's travel.

Alternate Source :

Employees in travel status may also accept assistance from a source not authorized by their agency prior to travel when the value of the assistance is within the maximum allowance stated on their travel authorization. Such assistance is limited to meals, lodging and transportation only, and the traveler must request agency authorization for acceptance within 7 working days after the trip ends. WARNING: If the agency does not authorize acceptance, it could require the traveler to repay the non-Federal source without reimbursement. Furthermore, employees who accept payment from a non-Federal source in violation of travel regulations may also be required to personally pay the general fund of the Treasury an amount equal to any payment accepted with no entitlement of reimbursement by the agency (41 CFR§ 304-3.18).

The documentation supporting that approval outlined in section 6.7 below, may, in emergencies, be developed after the fact to memorialize a verbal recommendation by the Ethics Advisor and approval by the Deputy Ethics Official.

6.3 Spousal Travel : The sponsoring non-Federal source may also fund, and the agency may accept, the travel expenses of the employee’s spouse if the nature of the event is such that spousal attendance is expected by other attendees and if it conforms to the criteria set out in 41 CFR § 304-1.3(b).

6.4 Premium travel and accommodations : If the sponsoring non-Federal source is providing full in-kind assistance, then the agency may accept, on behalf of its employees, payment for premium class (other than first class) travel accommodations and/or lodging and meals the value of which exceed the normal government lodging and per diem allowances. When the applicable limitation will be exceeded, payment should be required in advance of the travel. The accommodation or other benefit furnished must be comparable in value to that offered to, or purchased by, other similarly situated individuals attending the same meeting or similar function. Such relative extravagance, however, should be a factor in weighing the appearance problem in the conflict analysis and thus can militate against an approval recommendation. (NOTE: The requirement of the current Federal Travel Regulations governing first class travel accommodations must be met if payment for such accommodations is to be authorized by the Deputy Ethics official.)

6.5 Partial Payments for Travel : The agency may approve a reduced per diem in accordance with 41 CFR § 304-1.3(e). When payment from the non-Federal source is partial but includes one or more meals, the traveler continues to be subject to the requirement to make appropriate reductions from his or her travel claim.

6.6 Bar on Self-Approval and Approval for One’s Supervisor : No Ethics Advisor shall recommend acceptance of payment for travel or expenses for travel for his/her own travel or the expenses for travel by his/her immediate supervisor. Similarly, no Deputy Ethics Official shall authorize acceptance of payment for travel or expenses for travel for his or her own travel or the expenses for travel for his or her immediate supervisor. An Under Secretary must approve an Agency Administrator’s travel under this authority.

6.7 Documentation : Before making his or her decision on approval, the Deputy Ethics Official should be provided, and the Ethics Advisor should retain copies of:

  • 6.7.1 The written offer of payment by the non-Federal sponsor.
  • 6.7.2 A completed Approval and Report of Travel Funds Received from Non-Federal Sources (copy on the Forms Page of this site).
  • 6.7.3 Documentation of all travel assistance exceeding $250/travel event (Ethics Advisors may obtain access to the SF 326, Semi-Annual Report of Payments Accepted from a Non-Federal Source, on the Forms Page of this site).

6.8 Gift Acceptance : The gift of payment of travel support may only be received by the agency. Under no circumstances should the traveler accept cash or a negotiable instrument made out to him or herself to reimburse his or her out-of-pocket outlay for travel, lodging or subsistence. Refer to 41 CFR § 304-1.6.

6.9 Conflict of Interest Analysis : Prior to final approval, a concise written analysis of the factors considered will be completed on the reverse of the approval form and signed by the Ethics Advisor performing the evaluation.

6.10 Training : The Office of Ethics shall administer training to all Deputy Ethics Officials and Ethics Advisors on this procedure and provide advice and assistance whenever requested. A training module on this subject and the text of the 41 CFR 304-1 reside on the Ethics web site.

7. Exclusions

Travel conducted in the following situations is excluded from the procedural requirements of this document.

7.1 Cooperative Agreements : Travel for which specific provision is made in these written cooperative agreements must be in writing, document a non-assistance relationship, and be expressly authorized by statute. Such cooperative agreements are not subject to the provision of 31 U.S.C. §6301 et. seq. (The Federal Grant and Agreement Act), and generally are characterized by a mutual interest among and contribution by all parties.

7.2 Government Travel : Travel for which the Department or another agency of the Federal government pays.

7.3 Personal Capacity : Travel which is accepted in an employee’s private or personal capacity and with no connection to his/her Federal position or duties. (Travel in such capacity should be reviewed in light of 5 CFR Part 2635, Subpart B, regarding gift acceptance by employees).

8. Financial Disclosure Reports

Non-Federal assistance accepted under 31 U.S.C. § 1353 is not reportable on public or confidential financial disclosure reports because this assistance is accepted by agencies only, not by employees. The financial disclosure report of individual employees show gifts of travel they accepted in their private, unofficial capacities.

9. Employee Travel Documents and Semi-Annual Reports

Annually, by the 15th of each May and November, Mission Area Ethics Advisors shall submit a record of travel events exceeding $250 to OE on the SF 326. (The May 15 due date covers travel for the preceding October 1 through March 31. The November 15 due date covers travel for the preceding April 1 through September 30.) Mission areas shall ensure that statements, forms, and other records relating to such travel events are destroyed 1 year after the SF 326 is submitted to OE. OE shall, in turn, copy all SF 326 reports received and forward the original to OGE. OE will destroy retained copies after a three-year period.

10. Sanctions

If a mission area fails to meet the requirements of this procedure, the respective Deputy Ethics Official is required to ensure corrective action is taken. The Director, OE, may revoke this delegation to the Deputy Ethics Official where no corrective action is taken.

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  • Per Diem Lookup

GSA Non-Federal Source (NFS) Travel Policy

GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION

Washington, DC 20405

OAS 5765.1A October 29, 2021

GSA ORDER  

SUBJECT:  GSA Non-Federal Source (NFS) Travel Policy

1.   Purpose . This directive describes GSA internal policy and guidance for acceptance of payment for travel, subsistence, and related expenses from a Non-Federal Source (NFS) by GSA for employees on GSA’s behalf to attend meetings and similar functions, relating to the official duties of the employee, while in an official travel status.  

2.   Scope and Applicability .  

a. This directive applies to all GSA organizations, programs, and personnel,  including all Services, Staff Offices, and Regions. This Order applies to the Office of the Inspector General (OIG) to the extent that the OIG determines it is consistent with the OIG’s independent authority under the Inspector General Act and does not conflict with other OIG policies or the OIG mission. This Order applies to the Civilian Board of Contract Appeals (CBCA) to the extent that the CBCA determines it is consistent with the CBCA’s independent authority under the Contract Disputes Act and applicable Federal Court decisions and does not conflict with other CBCA policies or its mission.

b. 31 U.S.C. § 1353, implemented in the Federal Travel Regulation (FTR) in Chapter 304 (41 CFR Chapter 304), is the exclusive authority under which GSA may accept payment for travel expenses from a NFS for its employees to attend a meeting, conference, or similar function outside of their official station. This directive supplements FTR Chapter 304. An NFS payment is considered a gift to the agency and not to the employee. Travel that is required to carry out GSA’s statutory and regulatory functions ( e.g. , investigations, inspections, audits, site visits) is specifically excluded. Supervisors, approval authorities and employees must still consult FTR Chapter 304 to ensure complete compliance with the regulations related to NFS benefits not specifically addressed in this directive. 3. Cancellation . This Order cancels and supersedes OAS 5765.1, GSA Non-Federal Source (NFS) Travel Policy.

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PER DIEM LOOK-UP

1 choose a location.

Error, The Per Diem API is not responding. Please try again later.

No results could be found for the location you've entered.

Rates for Alaska, Hawaii, U.S. Territories and Possessions are set by the Department of Defense .

Rates for foreign countries are set by the State Department .

2 Choose a date

Rates are available between 10/1/2022 and 09/30/2025.

The End Date of your trip can not occur before the Start Date.

Traveler reimbursement is based on the location of the work activities and not the accommodations, unless lodging is not available at the work activity, then the agency may authorize the rate where lodging is obtained.

Unless otherwise specified, the per diem locality is defined as "all locations within, or entirely surrounded by, the corporate limits of the key city, including independent entities located within those boundaries."

Per diem localities with county definitions shall include "all locations within, or entirely surrounded by, the corporate limits of the key city as well as the boundaries of the listed counties, including independent entities located within the boundaries of the key city and the listed counties (unless otherwise listed separately)."

When a military installation or Government - related facility(whether or not specifically named) is located partially within more than one city or county boundary, the applicable per diem rate for the entire installation or facility is the higher of the rates which apply to the cities and / or counties, even though part(s) of such activities may be located outside the defined per diem locality.

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U.S. Department of the Treasury

Treasury directive 12-24.

DATE : March 11, 2008

REAFFIRMED : March 14, 2012

SUBJECT: Acceptance of Payments for Travel Expenses from a Non-Federal Source

  • Approve acceptance of payments or payments in-kind in lieu of funds by their bureaus from a non-Federal source, or authorize an employee to receive such payment on the bureau's behalf, for travel, subsistence and related expenses with respect to attendance of an employee (and the spouse of the employee under certain conditions) at a meeting or similar function, which the employee has been authorized to attend in an official capacity on behalf of the bureau; and

The authority of the Inspector(s) General is set forth in Section 3 of the Inspector General Act and the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act, and defined in Treasury Order 114-01 (OIG) and Treasury Order 115-01 (TIGTA), or successor orders. The provisions of this directive shall not be construed to interfere with that authority.

  • ”Bureaus" include DO, OIG, and TIGTA. With respect to DO, the Assistant Secretary for Management and Chief Financial Officer, or the equivalent position, is the "head of the bureau" within the meaning of this directive.
  • “Employee” means an appointed officer or employee of an executive agency as defined in 5 U.S.C. 105, including a special Government employee as defined in 18 U.S.C. 202, or an expert or consultant under the authority of 5 U.S.C. 3109.
  • “Non-Federal source” means any person or entity other than the Government of the United States and includes any individual, private or commercial entity, nonprofit organization or association, international or multi-national organization (irrespective of whether an agency holds membership in the organization or association), or foreign, State, or local government (including the government of the District of Columbia).
  • (1) An event where the employee will participate as a speaker or panel participant focusing on his/her official duties or on the policies, programs or operations of the agency;
  • (2) A conference, convention, seminar, symposium or similar event where the primary purpose is to receive training other than promotional vendor training, or to present or exchange substantive information of mutual interest to a number of parties;
  • (3) An event where the employee will receive an award or honorary degree, which is in recognition of meritorious public service related to the employee’s official duties, and which may be accepted by the employee consistent with the applicable standards of conduct regulations.
  • “Payment” means a monetary payment from a non-Federal source to a Federal agency for travel, subsistence, related expenses by check or other monetary instrument payable to the Federal agency or payment in-kind. Neither bureaus nor employees may accept payment in the form of cash from a non-Federal source, and employees may receive payment for the bureau only in the form of checks made payable to the U.S. Treasury.
  • “Payment in-kind” means transportation, food, lodging, or other travel-related services provided by a non-Federal source instead of monetary payments to the Federal agency for these services. Payment in-kind also includes waiver of any fees that a non-Federal source normally collects from meeting attendees (e.g., registration fees).
  • “Travel, subsistence, and related expenses (travel expenses)” means the same types of expenses payable under the FTR, the Foreign Affairs Manual (FAM), and the Joint Travel Regulations (JTR) for transportation, food, lodging or other travel-related services for official travel (e.g., baggage expenses, services of guides, drivers, interpreters, communication services, hire of conference rooms, lodging taxes, laundry/dry cleaning, taxi fares, etc.). These expenses also include conference or training fees (in whole or in part), as well as benefits that cannot be paid under the applicable travel regulations, but which are incident to the meeting, provided in-kind, and made available by the meeting sponsor(s) to all attendees. For example, this definition would allow an employee or spouse to attend a sporting event hosted by the sponsor(s) in connection with the meeting that is available to all participants. However, it would not allow the employee to accept tickets to a professional sporting event, concert or similar event, for use at a later date even if such tickets were given to all other participants.
  • Title 31 U.S.C. Section 1353 authorizes an agency to accept travel gifts in connection with an employee's attendance at meetings or similar events. It does not supersede other statutes that permit an employee to accept travel reimbursements, such as the Foreign Gifts and Decorations Act concerning reimbursements from foreign governments and international organizations, or the Training Act concerning organizations exempt from taxes pursuant to 26 U.S.C. 501(c)(3). General Services Administration (GSA) regulations at 41 C.F.R. Part 304 (FTR Chapter 304) set forth travel expenses for which agencies may accept payment from a non-Federal source.
  • As long as all the conditions set out in the FTR are met, a bureau may accept payments or payments in-kind in connection with domestic and foreign travel from non-Federal sources when the travel involves an employee's attendance at a "meeting or similar function" as defined in the FTR.
  • (1) A bureau may accept payment for travel expenses to a meeting from non-Federal sources. Except as provided in limited circumstances (see FTR 304-3.13), an employee must obtain advance approval before performing travel paid by a non-Federal source.
  • (2) An employee shall not solicit payment of travel expenses from any non-Federal source, but may inform a non-Federal source of this authority after receipt of an invitation from a non-Federal source to attend a meeting.
  • (3) An employee (and when applicable, an employee’s accompanying spouse) is generally limited to the maximum subsistence allowances (per diem, actual expense or conference lodging) as prescribed in Chapter 301 of Title 41 C.F.R. for travel in CONUS, by the Secretary of Defense for travel in non-foreign areas, and by the Secretary of State for travel in foreign areas.
  • (4) A non-Federal source may pay for a spouse to accompany an employee when it is in the interest of and authorized in advance by their bureau, in accordance with the FTR.
  • (5) An employee is not required to adhere to the provisions of the Fly America Act if a non-Federal source pays in full, or reimburses the bureau in full, for the cost of the airline ticket.
  • Under the Training Act (5 U.S.C. 4111), employees may accept travel reimbursements from 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organizations consistent with Departmental and bureau procedures.
  • Under the Foreign Gifts and Decorations Act (5 U.S.C. 7342), employees may, with bureau approval and in accordance with Departmental and bureau procedures, accept payment of travel expenses from a foreign Government for travel taking place entirely outside the United States.
  • All payments accepted from a non-Federal source pursuant to the FTR Chapter 304 for an employee's or spouse's travel, other than payments in-kind, are to be made to the bureau. Any such payment received by the employee is accepted on behalf of the bureau and is to be submitted as soon as practicable to the appropriate bureau accounting official for credit to the applicable bureau appropriation.
  • All payments and payments in-kind accepted under this delegation must be authorized in advance by the designated bureau official on a case-by-case basis, except as provided in limited circumstances in accordance with the FTR. If full reimbursement is offered, it shall be noted that the travel would be at no expense to the Government. Authority to approve acceptance of payments or payments in-kind under this delegation may be exercised only after legal counsel review of the proposed acceptance of travel expenses. Legal counsel's review shall be noted in writing. Where the payments are from a non-Federal source and where there is a conflict of interest, legal counsel's review shall be documented in a separate memorandum.
  • (1) Support the mission of the bureau or substantially assist the employee in carrying out his or her official duties;
  • (2) Attend a ceremony at which the employee will receive an award or honorary degree; or
  • (3) Participate in substantive programs related to the bureaus programs or operations.
  • REPORTING REQUIREMENTS . All bureaus are required to submit semi-annual reports to the Departmental Deputy Chief Financial Officer’s (DCFO) Office of payments received from non-Federal sources pursuant to the FTR Chapter 304 for all payments that exceed $250 per event for an employee and accompanying spouse. For the purposes of the $250 threshold, payments for an employee and accompanying spouse shall be aggregated. Bureaus will be notified by the Departmental DCFO’s office of the data required to be submitted and report due date.
  • 41 C.F.R Part 304 (FTR Chapter 304)
  • 31 U.S.C. 1353.
  • 5 U.S.C. 7342.
  • 5 U.S.C. 4111.
  • 5 U.S.C. 5701-5709.
  • Treasury Order (TO) 101-05, "Reporting Relationships and Supervision of Officials, Offices and Bureaus, Delegation of Certain Authority, and Order of Succession in the Department of the Treasury," dated May 17, 2002.
  • TO 114-01, "Office of Inspector General," dated May 16, 1989.
  • TO 115-01, “Office of the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration,” dated January 14, 1999.
  • CANCELLATION . Treasury Directive 12-24, Delegation of Authority to Accept Payments from Non-Federal Sources for Travel Expenses, dated April 22, 1991, is superseded.
  • OFFICE OF PRIMARY INTEREST. Office of Accounting and Internal Control, Office of the Deputy Chief Financial Officer, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Management and Chief Financial Officer.

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Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra [lower-alpha 1] , commonly shortened to Khantia-Mansia, is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast ). It has a population of 1,532,243 as of the 2010 Census . [4] Its administrative center is located at Khanty-Mansiysk .

Administrative divisions

Demographics, settlements, ethnic groups, vital statistics, external links.

The peoples native to the region are the Khanty and the Mansi , known collectively as Ob-Ugric peoples , but today the two groups only constitute 2.5% of the region's population. The local languages, Khanty and Mansi , are part of the Ugric branch of the Finno-Ugric language family, and enjoy a special status in the autonomous okrug. Russian remains the only official language.

In 2012, the majority (51%) [7] of the oil produced in Russia came from Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, giving the region great economic importance in Russia and the world. It borders Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug to the north, Komi Republic to the northwest, Sverdlovsk Oblast to the west, Tyumen Oblast to the south, Tomsk Oblast to the south and southeast and Krasnoyarsk Krai in the east.

The okrug was established on December   10, 1930, as Ostyak-Vogul National Okrug ( Остя́ко-Вогу́льский национа́льный о́круг ). In October 1940, it was renamed the Khanty-Mansi National Okrug . In 1977, along with other national okrugs of the Russian SFSR , it became an autonomous okrug (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug). In 2003, the word " Yugra " was appended to the official name. [8]

Map of Khantia-Mansia Khantia mansia map.png

The okrug occupies the central part of the West Siberian Plain .

Principal rivers include the Ob and its tributaries Irtysh and Vatinsky Yogan . There are numerous lakes in the okrug, the largest ones are Numto , Tormemtor , Leushinsky Tuman and Tursuntsky Tuman , among others. [9]

The northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude traverses the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

Population : 1,674,676 (2020); [10] 1,532,243   ( 2010 Russian census ) ; [4] 1,432,817   ( 2002 Census ) ; [11] 1,268,439   ( 1989 Soviet census ) . [12]

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has an area of 523,100   km 2 , but the area is sparsely populated. The administrative center is Khanty-Mansiysk , but the largest cities are Surgut , Nizhnevartovsk , and Nefteyugansk .

The Indigenous population ( Khanty , Mansi , Komi , and Nenets ) is only 2.8% of the total population in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The exploitation of natural gas in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has attracted immigrants from all over the former Soviet Union. The 2021 Census counted 17 ethnic groups of more than five thousand persons each. The ethnic composition is as follows:

Population of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug: [13]

Historical population figures are shown below:

Life expectancy at birth in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug Life expectancy in Russian subject -Yugra.png

Source: [15]

Orthodox Church of the Resurrection in Khanty-Mansiysk. Orthodox Christianity is the main religion in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. Church of the resurrection of Christ in Khany-Mansiysk.JPG

According to a 2012 survey [16] 38.1% of the population of Yugra adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church , 5% are unaffiliated generic Christians , 1% of the population adheres to the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery) or to Khanty-Mansi native faith. Muslims (mostly Tatars ) constitute 11% of the population. In addition, 23% of the population declares to be spiritual but not religious , 11% is atheist , and 10.9% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question. [16] According to recent reports Jehovah's Witnesses have been subjected to torture and detention in Surgut. [18]

In Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the primary transport of goods is by water and railway transport; 29% is transported by road, and 2% by aviation. The total length of railway tracks is 1,106   km. The length of roads is more than 18,000   km.

Kuznetsk Alatau 3.jpg

  • Hockey Club Ugra
  • List of Chairmen of the Duma of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Khanty-Mansiysk</span> Town in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia

Khanty-Mansiysk is a city in west-central Russia. Technically, it is situated on the eastern bank of the Irtysh River, 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) from its confluence with the Ob, in the oil-rich region of Western Siberia. Though it is an independent city, Khanty-Mansiysk also functions as the administrative centre of Khanty-Mansiysky District, and the administrative center of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra.

Nyagan is a town in the northwest of Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located near the Ob River and 230 kilometers (140 mi) northwest of Khanty-Mansiysk. It is named after the Nyagan-Yugan River, a tributary of the Ob River. Population: 63,034 (2021 Census) ; 54,890 (2010 Russian census) ; 52,610 (2002 Census) ; 54,061 (1989 Soviet census) .

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Megion</span> Town of okrug significance in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia

Megion is a town in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra, Russia, located at the altitude of 45 meters (148 ft) above sea level, on the right bank of the Ob River, 380 kilometers (240 mi) east of Khanty-Mansiysk and 760 kilometers (470 mi) northeast of Tyumen. The area of the town is 50.51 square kilometers (19.50 sq mi) and the nearest airport is in Nizhnevartovsk. Population: 49,449 (2010 Russian census) ; 46,566 ; 39,783 (1989 Soviet census) .

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yugorsk</span> Town in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia

Yugorsk is a town in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located in the northwestern part of the East-West lowland, 420 kilometers (260 mi) from Khanty-Mansiysk. Population: 34,067 (2010 Russian census) ; 30,285 (2002 Census) ; 24,928 (1989 Soviet census) .

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sovetsky, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug</span> Town in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia

Sovetsky is a town and the administrative center of Sovetsky District in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located 470 kilometers (290 mi) west of Khanty-Mansiysk, the administrative center of the autonomous okrug. Population: 26,495 (2010 Russian census) ; 23,230 (2002 Census) ; 21,123 (1989 Soviet census) .

Lyantor is a town in Surgutsky District of Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the Pim River, 625 kilometers (388 mi) northeast of Khanty-Mansiysk, the administrative center of the autonomous okrug. Population: 38,992 (2010 Russian census) ; 33,011 (2002 Census) ; 22,071 (1989 Soviet census) .

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pokachi</span> Town in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia

Pokachi is a town in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the right bank of the Vatyegan River, 350 kilometers (220 mi) east of Khanty-Mansiysk and 800 kilometers (500 mi) northeast of Tyumen. Population: 17,171 (2010 Russian census) ; 17,017 (2002 Census) ; 11,536 (1989 Soviet census) .

Kogalym is a town in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the Inguyagun River 325 kilometres (202 mi) northeast of Khanty-Mansiysk. Population: 58,181 (2010 Russian census) ; 55,367 (2002 Census) ; 44,297 (1989 Soviet census) .

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beloyarsky, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug</span> Town in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia

Beloyarsky is a town and the administrative center of Beloyarsky District in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the Kazim River, northwest of Khanty-Mansiysk, the administrative center of the autonomous okrug. Population: 20,283 (2010 Russian census) ; 18,721 (2002 Census) ; 20,534 (1989 Soviet census) .

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raduzhny, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug</span> Town in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia

Raduzhny is a town in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the Agan River, 475 kilometers (295 mi) northeast of Khanty-Mansiysk and 975 kilometers (606 mi) northeast of Tyumen. Population: 43,399 (2010 Russian census) ; 47,060 ; 43,726.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pyt-Yakh</span> Town in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia

Pyt-Yakh is a town in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the east bank of the Bolshoy Balyk River, southeast of Khanty-Mansiysk. Population: 41,488 (2010 Russian census) ; 41,813 (2002 Census) ; 17,101 (1989 Soviet census) .

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beloyarsky District, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug</span> District in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia

Beloyarsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug of Tyumen Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the autonomous okrug. The area of the district is 41,574 square kilometers (16,052 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Beloyarsky. Population: 9,766 ; 9,493 (2002 Census) ; 8,927 (1989 Soviet census) .

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Khanty-Mansiysky District</span> District in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia

Khanty-Mansiysky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. It is located in the center of the autonomous okrug. The area of the district is 46,400 square kilometers (17,900 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Khanty-Mansiysk. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 19,362.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kondinsky District</span> District in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia

Kondinsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug of Tyumen Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the autonomous okrug. The district is 55,170 square kilometers (21,300 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality of Mezhdurechensky. Population: 34,494 ; 35,018 (2002 Census) ; 36,640 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Mezhdurechensky accounts for 32.1% of the district's total population.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nizhnevartovsky District</span> District in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia

Nizhnevartovsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. The area of the district is 118,500 square kilometers (45,800 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Nizhnevartovsk. Population: 35,745 ; 33,508 (2002 Census) ; 28,288 (1989 Soviet census) .

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oktyabrsky District, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug</span> District in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia

Oktyabrsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug of Tyumen Oblast, Russia. It is located in the western central part of the autonomous okrug. The area of the district is 24,500 square kilometers (9,500 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality of Oktyabrskoye. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 32,224, with the population of Oktyabrskoye accounting for 11.3% of that number.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sovetsky District, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug</span> District in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia

Sovetsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug of Tyumen Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the autonomous okrug. The area of the district is 29,768.74 square kilometers (11,493.77 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Sovetsky. Population: 48,059 ; 44,720 (2002 Census) ; 73,247 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of the administrative center accounts for 55.1% of the district's total population.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Surgutsky District</span> District in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia

Surgutsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. It is located in the center of the autonomous okrug. The area of the district is 105,190 square kilometers (40,610 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Surgut. Population: 113,515 ; 106,624 (2002 Census) ; 74,685 (1989 Soviet census) .

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Uray</span> Town in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia

Uray a town in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, located on the Konda River 350 kilometres (220 mi) from Khanty-Mansiysk. Population: 39,457 (2010 Russian census) ; 38,872 (2002 Census) ; 37,198 (1989 Soviet census) .

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agirish</span> Urban-type settlement in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia

Agirish is an urban-type settlement in Sovetsky District of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. Population: 2,856 (2010 Russian census) ; 2,831 (2002 Census) ; 3,592 (1989 Soviet census) .

  • ↑ Russian and Mansi : Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ — Югра, Khanty-Mansiyskiy avtonomnyy okrug — Yugra; Khanty : Хӑнты-Мансийской Aвтономной Округ
  • ↑ Президент Российской Федерации.   Указ   №849   от   13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу   13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No.   20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation.   Decree   # 849   of   May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District . Effective as of   May 13, 2000.).
  • ↑ Госстандарт Российской Федерации.   №ОК 024-95   27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2.   Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. ( Gosstandart of the Russian Federation.   # OK 024-95   December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2.   Economic Regions , as amended by the Amendment   # 5/2001 OKER. ).
  • 1 2 3 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том   1 [ 2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol.   1 ] . Всероссийская перепись населения 2010   года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service .
  • ↑ "Об исчислении времени" . Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011 . Retrieved January 19, 2019 .
  • ↑ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article   68.1 of the Constitution of Russia .
  • ↑ В Ханты-Мансийском автономном округе добыта 10-миллиардная тонна нефти
  • ↑ "Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 25, 2003 No. 841" (in Russian). Official website of the President of Russia .
  • ↑ Google Earth
  • ↑ 2020 Russian Subjects Population
  • ↑ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов   – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3   тысячи и более человек [ Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000 ] (XLS) . Всероссийская перепись населения 2002   года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  • ↑ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989   г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [ All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers ] . Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989   года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly .
  • ↑ "Russian Census of 2021" . (in Russian)
  • ↑ Перепись-2010: русских становится больше Archived December 25, 2018, at the Wayback Machine . Perepis-2010.ru (2011-12-19). Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
  • ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service
  • 1 2 3 "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia" . Sreda, 2012.
  • ↑ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps . "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived .
  • ↑ "7 Jehovah's Witnesses Brutally Tortured in Russia, Spokesman Says" . February 20, 2019.
  • Official website of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra Archived June 6, 2017, at the Wayback Machine
  • Official site of Khanty-Mansi Duma (in Russian)
  • Informational website of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra (in Russian)
  • Places - European, Western and Northern Russia

KHANTY-MANSI AUTONOMOUS OKRUG: RUSSIA’S MAIN OIL-PRODUCING REGION

Khanty-mansi autonomous okrug.

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is usually called Yugra or Ugra for short. It is named after two indigenous groups native to the region — the Khanty and the Mansi, known collectively as Ob-Ugric people. It covers 534,800 square kilometers (206,500 square miles), is home to about 1.53 million people and has a population density of 2.9 people per square kilometer. About 91.5 percent of the population live in urban areas. Khanty-Mansiysk is the capital, with about 80,000 people. The largest cities are Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, and Nefteyugansk.

As of the early 2010s, about 51 percent of the oil produced in Russia and 7.3 percent of the world’s supply came from Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, making the region very important economically. More than 10 billion tons of oil has been was recovered from the okrug’s fields so far . The okrug contains around 70 percent of Russia’s developed oil fields, about 450 in total, including Samotlor, which is the largest oil field in Russia and the sixth largest in the world. Gas was first found in the region in 1953 and oil began to be produced in 1960.

As far as tourism is concerned this autonomous okrug combines unique historical, cultural and natural resources, the most important of which is the way of life of its indigenous peoples. If you visit a nomad camp, you can ride on a reindeer sleigh, live in a chum tent, learn to harness a deer, ride a sled and taste stroganina (slices of frozen meat) and patanka (thinly sliced frozen fish). In the Sub-Arctic Ural Mountains, it is popular to climb Mount Narodnaya — the highest peak of the Urals — and go fishing.

The winter in Khanty-Mansiysk is cold. Snow lies on the ground about 200 days of the year and temperature of -50 degrees, C are not unusual. The summer are short but sometimes can get surprisingly hot, with temperature over 30 degree heat. The best time to visit is May or or September, when it is not yet cold and the annoying mosquitos, no-see-ums and midges are not out in full force.

Getting There: By Plane: The flight Moscow or St. Petersburg to Khanty-Mansiysk is about three hours. To Surgut, three and a half. To Nizhnevartovsk, four hours. The cost of an adult round-trip economy class ticket is from 8,000 to 12,000 rubles, depending on the airline. The airport of Nizhnevartovsk. Website: /nvavia.ru. Phone +7 (3466) 49-21-75. By Train: you can reach Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Yugorsk, Nyagan and Kogalym. Trains do not reach Khanty-Mansiysk. The nearest station to it, Demyanka, is located 240 kilometers away. From it to the capital of Ugra there are minibuses. A round-trip ticket for a berth in a compartment from Moscow to Surgut is 14,000 rubles. The trip takes two days.

By Car: Two roads lead to Yugra. The main one is the Federal highway R404 Tyumen-Khanty-Mansiysk. This is convenient if you are going to the eastern part of the okrug. If you need to go to the western part or to the capital, it is better to go by the Northern route — through Perm, Serov, Ivdel and Yugorsk. The road quality on both routes is pretty good, but there is much less traffic on the northern one. If you are traveling in Ugra by car, do not forget to refueling. The distances gas stations can reach 200 kilometers or more. It is a good idea to have a canister of fuel in the trunk just in case. Regional Transport By Bus: From Khanty-Mansiysk to Surgut is 300 kilometers, Bus tickets range from 1100 to 1400 rubles. From Surgut to Nizhnevartovsk — 220 kilometers — bu bus costs about 1000 rubles. From Surgut to Kogalym — 80 kilometers — is about 500 rubles. The bus station in Nizhnevartovsk. Website: www.nvav.ru. Phone: 8 (3466) 45-72-97.

Accommodation in the Region: In all major cities there are a lot of hotels. The level of service is high everywhere, but the prices are also high: starting from 5,000-6,000 rubles for a standard price double room. It is much cheaper to rent apartments, at 1,500 to 2,500 rubles.

Khanty and Mansi

The Khanty (pronounced HANT-ee) are a group of Finno-Ugric-speaking, semi-nomadic reindeer herders. Also known as Ostyaks, Asiakh, and Hante they are related to the Mansi, another group of Finno-Ugric-speaking reindeer herders. Only about 60 percent of Khanty speak their native language and a much smaller percentage live in the forest. In the Khanty-Mansiisk District they are fa r outnumbered by other ethnic groups. [Source: John Ross, Smithsonian; Alexander Milovsky, Natural History, December, 1993]

There are about 23,000 Khanty. They live primarily in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug , a region along the northern tributaries of the Ob River in northwestern Siberia about 1,100 miles northwest of Moscow and 200 mile south of the Arctic Circle. Their cousins, the Mansi, also live there. The region has been damaged by oil and natural gas exploration and production.

The Mansi, known in the old days as the Voguls, are close relatives of the Khanty and live primarily in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.. There are around 8,000 or so Mansi. The Mansi have traditionally survived by fishing, hunting and gathering, The hunting methods they employed and the animals they went after was determined by what was available. Often they relied chiefly on fishing and dried enough fish during the summer to last through the winter. They hunted elk, bears, wild reindeer with spears, bows and arrows and traps until the 19th century when the began using firearms. Elk were caught with a system of traps and triggered bows.

Many Mansi still hunt. They use dogs and firearms and go chiefly after muskrats and squirrels. Sable are hunted with nets and guns by a pair of hunters: one who flushes the sable from its den into the net and the other who shoots the animal. Their traditional religion is often aimed at securing a successful hunt.

KHANTY factsanddetails.com ;

Oil and Natural Gas in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Oil was prospected in the West Siberia from the beginning of the 20th century. Local people reported finding discharges on the surface from time to time. The first Soviet prospectors arrived to Ugra in 1935. They confirmed the presence of natural oil seeps on the Ugan river in the Surgut area. Over 2.5 tons of equipment were delivered to the drilling pad by air. Other supplies were hauled by horses, since the nearest railroad ran about 1,000 km away from the prospecting site. The place was very remote and was only accessible during the winter. The early workers lived in a camp under extremely cold conditions. [Source: Technologies Department of Ugra]

In 1953, natural gas was found for the first time in Western Siberia, in Berezovo, about 300 kilometers northwest of Khanty-Mansiysk. in Berezovo. In 1960 the first oil was found in the vicinity of Shaim. Soon after oil fields were discovered in Megion, West Surgut, Pokur, Vatinsky, Mamontovo, Salym, Pravdino and other places. The biggest discovery was in 1965, when the first oil gushed out from the marshland at Samotlor. One of the largest oil fields in the world, it has already produced 2.67 billion tons of oil.

Oil quality in the region is quite high. Some is light, some is black, but most of it is brown. Its characteristics and composition can differ significantly even within the same field. In 2013 255.1 million tons of oil were produced in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and eight new fields were brought into development. Total gas production in Ugra was 33,0 billion cubic meters in 2013. This was mostly associated petroleum gas.

Owing to its explored and proven raw hydrocarbons resources, production capabilities, industrial infrastructure and oil fields commercial viability Yugra will remain Russia’s main strategic raw hydrocarbons resource base for the next several decades. Over 475 oil and gas fields have been discovered in the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Total length of the region's pipelines network is 107,000 kilometers.

Ob River (flowing northeast of Novosibirsk and Tomsk) is the forth longest river in the world if you include its major tributary the Irtysh River and the seventh longest without it. The westernmost of three great rivers of Asiatic Russia, the Ob is 3,650 kilometers (2,270 miles) long and is an important commercial waterway that transports goods back and forth between the Trans-Siberian Railway and the resource rich regions of northern Siberia. Since it is frozen over half the year activity on the river is concentrated mostly in the summer months. The Ob-Irtysh is over 5570 kilometers (3461 miles) long

The Ob and the Irtysh River begin in the Altay Mountains, a range located near where Russia, China, Kazakhstan and Mongolia all come together, and flow northward. Although the Ob and the Irtysh begin at points within a couple of hundred miles of one another the two rivers don't join until the Irytysh has traveled over 1,600 kilometers (1000 miles). Once the two rivers have dropped down out of the highlands the meander lazily through open steppes, then rich farmland, and meet in flat, swampy plains, where the width of river ranges between a half a kilometer and a kilometer and a half. The Ob then passes through fir and spruce forests of West Siberia, then through Arctic tundra before finally emptying into the Kara Sea, an arm of the Arctic Ocean. The Ob is one of the great Asiatic Russian rivers (the Yenisei and the Lena are the other two). According to the Guinness Book of World Records, it has the longest estuary (550 miles long and up to 50 miles wide) and is widest river that freezes solid. The mouth of the river on the Arctic Ocean is ice free only a couple of months a year. Huge flood sometimes form in the spring when high waters fed by melting snow and ice meet still frozen section of the river.

The main city on the Ob is Novosibirsk. Parts of the Ob are very polluted and nearly void of life. At the mouth of the river so much land has been degraded by gas exploration that huge chunks of permafrost land have literally melted into the sea. [Source: Robert Paul Jordan, National Geographic, February 1978, ♬]

Traveling on the Ob and Irtysh Rivers

There is a regualr ferry the Ob and Irtysh Rivers that travels between Omsk – Tobolsk – Khanty-Mansiysk – Berezovo and Salekhard (Yamal Nenets Autonomous Region). Omsk and Tobolsk both have train stations on the Trans-Siberian Railway. Khanti-Mansiysk is accessible by bus from Tyumen, which has a train station. After Khanti-Mansiysk you are beyond the road network. As well as the major stops listed on the route above, the boat also stops at plenty of isolated indigenous villages in between them. Salekhard is the only city in the world located exactly on the Arctic Circle.

The name of the ferry is the Rodina. It travels three times a month in June and September and four times a month in July and August. Going from Salekhard to Omsk: Day 1): departs Salekhard at 5:00pm; Dat 2) stops at Berezovo for 30 minutes ay 7:30pm; Day 3) stops at Oktobraskaya Market for one hour. Day 4) stops at Khanty-Mansiysk for two hours at 8:00am; Day 6) one hour stop in Tobolsk at 7:30. Day 9) arrive in Omsk at 3:00pm. Traveling the other direction, with the current, takes one third less time.

On the Salekhard - Tobolsk - Omsk trip on person posted on Lonely Planet’s Thorn Tree forum in 2013: “I'll start by saying that this boat is amazingly good value for money. Here some example prices. The first is for beds in the common area, similar to platzkart on the train, the second is for a bed in a private 4-, 6-, or 8 bed cabin and the third is for a bed in a private 2 bed cabin. 1) Salekhard - Omsk (8 days): 1162 / 1437 / 3926 roubles; 2) Salekhard - Tobolsk (5 days): 774 / 969 / 2632 roubles; 3) Tobolsk - Khanty-Mansiysk (2 days): 429 / 526 / 1394 roubles. Children go half price!

“Tickets can be bought in advance at the airport in Salekhard or on the boat itself an hour before departure (it's apparently never full). Most people get off at one of the stops in the first 24 hours when going south from Salekhard, leaving only one or two people in most of the cabins for most of the route. The beds are comfortable , both longer and wider than on trains. Everything is cleaned several times a day, there's a shower, laundry, restaurant with simple but tasty meals and alcohol. Breakfast about 70 roubles, lunch and dinner 150 - 300, beer 50 - 80, wine, vodka and so on also available. Theres also a small room where films are shown starting in the afternoon and a shop selling all sorts of useful stuff such as toiletries, mugs, books.

“You can walk around on deck as much as you want or sit and read a book on the benches up there. The scenery is more or less the same all the way - endless taiga forest with absolutely no sign of civilisation. There are a few villages such as Pitlyar for which the boat is their only access to the outside world and a couple of towns where you can get off the boat and walk around - Beryozovo 24 hours after Salekhard and Khanty-Manskiysk 3 days from Salekhard. From Khanty Mansiysk there are regular buses to Tyumen on the Trans Siberian which take 8 hours. At Tobolsk the boat stops next to the stunning kremlin, the only one in Siberia.

“Anyone can freely sail the whole route between Omsk and Pitlyar, a small village of 500 and the last stop before Salekhard. Salekhard and areas north are closed to outsiders, Russian or otherwise, unless they get a temporary permit. See the Yamal Peninsula link in my signature line for how to get this permit. Permit in hand, you can continue the journey north from Salekhard a further two days to Antipayuta, well beyond the Arctic Circle, with a similar level of comfort and price.

“It sails the whole route from June to September and once in October from Khanty-Mansiysk to Omsk. Check www.irsc.ru for timetables and fares. Only about half the boats from Salekhard go as far as Omsk, the rest stopping in Tobolsk. Eg in July and August, the most frequent sailing months, 6 boats go from Salekhard - Tobolsk each month but only 3 continue to Omsk. Check the timetable carefully when planning if you want to sail all the way to Omsk!”

Khanty-Mansiysk City

Khanty-Mansiysk is the capital of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug and home to about 80,000 people. Despite its remote location and relatively small size, it has a Norman Foster skyscraper, world-leading medical center that is free and has hosted international film festivals, major sports events and political summits. How is this possible?: Oil wealth and close ties between local politicians and Russian President Vladimir Putin doesn’t hurt.

Khanty Mansiysk has showy headquarters for Russia’s main oil companies: Rosneft, Lukoil and Gazprom-Neft. Not far away enormous drilling towers rise and gas flares burn above the birch forests and pipelines cut through the landscape. Around 90 percent of the city’s economic revenues are tied directly to the oil and gas industries.

The city is located in a picturesque area of the West Siberian lowland, where steep hills overgrown with age-old dwarf pine, rise up from the right bank of the mighty Irtysh River. Two of the largest rivers of Siberia — the Irtysh and the Ob — merge twenty kilometers from the city. Not far from town the “Coniferous Urman” ski complex with a cable car. The cedar forest of the Samarovsky Chugas Park has trails for cross-country skiing and hiking. For children there is a water park and a small zoo in the village of Shapsha 20 kilometers from the city. In the summer, there are boat tours to the confluence of the Ob and Irtysh, where you can see the floating chapel-lighthouse.

Places of interest to tourists the gold domes of the Church of Christ’s Resurrection; the gallery of the artist Gennady Raishev; the Geology, Oil and Gas Museum, which traces the history of Western Siberian oil and gas development; and the open-air Archeopark, which has bronze sculptures of Pleistocene animals like mammoths and woolly rhinosl a sporting venue that hosts international ice and skiing events. A new triple concert hall dominates the center of the town. Servicing villages that cannot be reached by road, is an ultra-modern hospital ship that cruises Ob and Irtish rivers treating the sick on board. Complex operations are supervised by surgeons from the central hospital in Khanty-Mansiysk using TV monitors that relay pictures by satellite.

Accommodation: There are several hotels of different levels in Khanty-Mansiysk. The best service and, accordingly, the highest prices at the Ugra valley Valley Complex. At the Tarey business hotel prices start from 4800 rubles per night; at the Olympics Hotel, from 3000 rubles per night. If you want to save money, it is better to rent an apartment: a one-bedroom can be found in the area of 1500 rubles per day.

History of Khanty-Mansiysk City

The first written mention of the town of the Khanty Prince Samara, where the modern city of Khanty-Mansiysk is located, dates back to 1582. In 1637, a settlement of Russian coachmen was formed in the place of this town. It was named after the Prince Samara — Samarovsky Yam.

By the beginning of the 19th century, Samarovsky Yam turned into a large village of Samarovo and became the center of crafts and trade thanks to the favourable location on the river trade routes. In 1931, a few kilometers from the village of Samarovo, a workers settlement Ostyako-Vogulsk was built, which became the district center of the Ostyako-Vogulsk national district. The settlement began to be built up with new industrial enterprises, administrative buildings, apartment houses, public and cultural institutions. By the end of 1950s, pebble roads were laid in the settlement.

In 1940, Ostyako-Vogulsk was renamed Khanty-Mansiysk, and the district was renamed Khanty-Mansiysk, since at that time Ostyak tribes began to be called Khanty, and Voguls tribes — Mansi. In 1950, Khanty-Mansiysk received the status of a city, including Samarovo village. Since 1977, Khanty-Mansiysk has become the administrative center of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug formed from the national district.

Sights in Khanty-Mansiysk

Torum Maa Open Air Museum (Ulitsa Sobyanina, 20, Khanty-Mansiysk) is located on one of the seven holy hills, in the Samarovsky Churas Nature Park, and features authentically reconstructed buildings and dwelling of indigenous peoples of the North, including a Mansi winter camp and traditional Khanty residential and household structures dating to the early-mid-19th century. You can learn more about hunting culture of the Khanty and Mansi on a special hiking trail.

At the museum you can find a 15th-17th century smithy, reconstructed using materials from archaeological excavations of Emder city; displays of idols and protectors of this land. The museum is especially active during traditional holidays of the Ob river Ugric people when Khanty and Mansi come from all over to celebrate. The most popular of these are: Tylasch pori (the Rite of Offering to the Moon), which takes place in February or March when the moon is waxing; Crow Day, which symbolizes the beginning of spring and is celebrated in April; the International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples, which is celebrated globally on August 9; and the main holiday for the museum staff and visitors — the anniversary of the Torum Maa Museum on October 30.

Archeopark Cultural and Tourist Complex (in Khanty-Mansiysk) covers 3.5 hectares near a rock outcropping and includes a geological monument, the Samarov Villiage Archaeological Monument (dating from the 11th-18th centuries), and a the Sculpture Park with giant bronze sculptures of mammoths and other Pleistocene-era animals and Paleolithic humans.

The park was set up where the bones of mammoths and other pre-historic animals have been found. The first large bones and tusks were found in the 19th century, when the northern region came to be called the “elephant homeland.” For local inhabitants, the archaeological findings along the river banks were not so uncommon. The bones had been in demand as a decorative material and therapeutic powder.

All the sculptures were created in cooperation with paleontologists, who made sure that the ancient inhabitants of this area look as authentic as possible. Some of the sculptures, for instance, rhinoceroses, were made in life size, while others are two to three times larger. The height of the largest sculpture in the Mammoth composition is eight meters. The sculptures are lit up at night. The little mammoth is named KoJourka. The sculpture probably has the world's only sign that prohibits mammoth climbing.

Sights Near Khanty-Mansiysk City

Floating Chapel-Beacon in Honor of Saint Nicholas (20 kilometers Khanty-Mansiysk) opened in 2013 near the confluence of two mighty Siberian rivers — the Ob and Irtysh. Blessed by Bishop Pavel of Khanty-Mansiysk and Surgut and consecrated by Kirill, Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus, it is Russia's first floating chapel-lighthouse. The chapel is eight meters high, it weighs 10 tons and is fixed on a pontoon. Below the cross crowning the chapel there is a beacon light. There are eight illuminated alcoves with icons. The chapel is not intended to hold a service inside. Only maintenance personnel looking after the power supply can moor to it.

Originally the idea of building the chapel was suggested by S. Sandulov, president of the local branch of the Association of Ports and River Transport Owners. For river transport workers the Ob-Irtysh confluence is a special place. And for the local people — Khanty and Mansi — this is a sacred area. However, for a long time there was no monument or sign to mark the place. At the confluence of the Ob and Irtysh people have traditionally made a wish by throwing a coin into the water. The water here is considered to be sacred and many tourists wash themselves with the water of the two rivers.

Silava Ethnographic Center (near Uray, 250 kilometers east of Khanty-Mansiysk) and the Ela Hoth community of indigenous peoples "was founded in 2008 to preserve features of the traditional culture and way of life on the site of the former village of New Silava. Visitors can participate in Mansi ceremonies and celebrations and Mansi cooking and engage in recreational activities such as skiing, sledding, tubing, ice sliding and riding a snowmobile "Buran" in the winter; and pick mushrooms, berries, medicinal plants and go boating in the summer. The center may difficult to get to.

Swimming is possible in the cold Konda River. You can also go hiking on eco-trails and participate in various types of fishing and children's entertainment programs. The community has assembled a small museum of household items and fishing items. You can see how fishing camps were set up and a functioning bread oven and a machine for weaving mats and try grinding flour at the mill and baking bread.

Priobskoye Field

The Priobskoye field (65 kilometers east of Khanty-Mansiysk, and 100 kilometers west of Nefteyugansk) is an oil field that occupies an area of 5,466 square kilometers (2,110 square miles. It is located along both banks of the Ob River, and is serviced by the town of

The field was discovered in 1982. The northern three-quarters of the field was controlled by YUKOS via unit Yuganskneftegaz, and began oil production in 2000. In 2004, Yuganskneftegaz was bought by Rosneft, which is now the operating company of that portion of the field. The southern quarter of the field was controlled by Sibir energy, which began a joint venture with Sibneft to develop the field, with volume production beginning in 2003. Sibneft subsequently acquired complete control of the field via a corporate maneuver to dilute Sibir's holding. Sibneft is now majority controlled by Gazprom and renamed Gazprom Neft.

In 2007, the field was producing 675,000 barrels per day: 550,000 barrels per day in the northern Rosneft area and 125,000 barrels per day in the southern Gazprom Neft area. For 2008, Rosneft reported a growth of production to 680,000 barrels per day, while Gazpromneft's share grew slightly. In 2009, Gazprom Neft produced 160,000 barrels per day in its share of the field. In September 2019, Russia’s finance ministry approved tax breaks for developing the Priobskoye oilfield, Russia’s largest, to oil giants Rosneft and Gazprom Neft, Alexei Sazano.

Surgut (300 kilometers east of Khanty-Mansiysk by road) located on the Ob River and is one of the few cities in Russia that has a larger population than the capital of its federal subject. It is home to about 375,000 people compared to 80,000 in Khanty-Mansiysk. Surgut is home to the largest port on the Ob River, the largest road-railway junction in northwest Siberia. Two of the world's most powerful power plants — the SDPP-1 (State District Power Plant 1) and SDPP-2 (State District Power Plant 2), which produce over 7,200 megawatts — are also there supply most of the region with relatively cheap electricity.

Surgut's economy is tied to oil production (the city is known as "The Oil Capital of Russia") and the processing of natural gas. The most important enterprises are the oil firm Surgutneftegaz and Surgutgazprom (a unit of Gazprom). The Surgut-2 Power Station providing Energy for the city is the largest gas-fired power station in the world. In addition, there are factories: gas processing, stabilization of condensate, motor fuel. Enterprises food (meat processing, dairy, etc.) industry, timber industry. Manufacture of building materials (production of reinforced concrete structures, etc.).

The city is served by the Surgut International Airport, which offers flights to Moscow, St. Petersburg, Dubai, Irkutsk, and a number of other cities. Through Surgut are trains to the east (in Novy Urengoy, Nizhnevartovsk), to the south-west (in Tyumen, Moscow, Novosibirsk, Ufa, Chelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg). Road P-404 connects Surgut with Tyumen. Places to stay in Surgut include the Ob, Den, Ark, and Center hotels

Old Surgut is a historical and ethnographic complex with 14 restored copies of wooden houses that once stood in the city. Among them “house of nature”, “House of local historian”, “house of Cossacks”, “House of indigenous peoples of the North” and others. Every winter, the center hosts a festival of ice sculptures.

Barsova Mountain Tract (west of Surgut) is located he state natural and archaeological park. Barosova Gora stretches for eight kilometers along the right Bank of the Ob river. Along the tract there are remains of ancient buildings, sanctuaries, burial grounds, some dating back to the Stone Age. In total, there are more than 400 archaeological sites on Barsova Mountain. It is better to visit this place in the summer or early autumn. The standard tour lasts about three hours.

Nefteyugansk

Nefteyugansk(30 kilometers west of Surgut) is located to south of the Ob River and is home to about 125,000, people. It was founded on October 16, 1967, after an oil field had been discovered on a small forest clearing in the middle of the taiga marshland in 1961. The main and the only big enterprise in the city, Yuganskneftegaz, was founded in February 1966. The name 'Yugansk' comes from the indigenous Khanty name of a small river near the city, neft' means oil in Russian, and gaz is natural gas.

The economy of the city remains petroleum-based, and was a major center for the Russian oil enterprise YUKOS, which owned Yuganskneftegaz. In fact, the "Yu" in "YUKOS" comes from the "yu" in "Nefteyugansk" and therefore from "Yuganskneftegaz". The other three letters come from the oil-refining factory "Kuibyshev-Org-Sintez", situated in Samara.

Nefteyugansk has been at the center of violence and drama involving YUKOS. On June 26, 1998, city mayor Vladimir Petukhov was shot dead on the way to his office. Before his murder, Petukhov had been on a hunger strike demanding that the chairmen of municipal and district tax offices be dismissed from their positions and a criminal case against Yukos be filed on counts of tax evasion. Petukhov's widow later on called for an investigation into Mikhail Khodorkovsky's role in events. Back then Khodorkovsky was head of Yukos. On September 20, 2005 Dmitry Yegortsev, acting mayor of Nefteyugansk, was assaulted and wounded with a knife. After the stabbing of Yegortsev, Igor Gribanov took over City Hall as acting mayor. Just a few months later, he died of carbon monoxide poisoning at his home on January 6, 2006. Since January 2005, Yuganskneftegaz has been owned by the state-owned oil company Rosneft. [Source: Wikipedia]

Hay Al Ruv Ethnographic Center of Indigenous Peoples of the North is an 1.5-hectare open air ethnographic which recreates the Khanty camp and has a house, storage shed, traditional tent, "red" tent for visitors and a bread oven.

Nizhnevartovsk

Nizhnevartovsk (220 kilometers east of Surgut) is home to about 250,000 people. Since the 1960s, the town has grown rapidly in the coat-tails of the Western Siberian oil boom due to its location beside the Samotlor oil field along the right bank of the Ob River. The presence of the petroleum industry has made it one of the wealthiest cities in Russia. Accommodation is available at the Hope, Aviator, Venice and Waters hotels.

Nizhnevartovsk is situated in the Sredneobskaya Lowland of West Siberian Plain, in the middle course of the Ob River on its northern bank. It remained a relatively small settlement until the 1960s when the Soviet authorities began widespread prospecting for the petroleum industry in the Western Siberia region, discovering the Samotlor oil field, one of the largest oil fields in the world, beneath the nearby Lake Samoltor to the north of Nizhnevartovsk. During the early boomtown years, Komsomol volunteers were brought in from across the country to construct the city, whose population soared from 2300 people in 1959 to 15,663 in 1970.

Lake Samotlor is the home of the massive Samotlor oil field. A visit to the lake is part of a local oil tour, during which you can see how oil is produced, and study the history of the development of fields in Western Siberia. Tourists visit the Samotlor oil field, the school of drilling masters and eat in the dining room with the oilmen. The tours are hard to arrange on the spot, They need to booked in advance through a travel company. Oil tours can be combined with a visit to a Khanty camp.

Samotlor Field

Samotlor Field (near Nizhnevartovsk) is the largest oil field of Russia and the sixth largest in the world. Owned and operated by Rosneft, it is located at Lake Samotlor in Nizhnevartovsk district and covers 1,752 square kilometers (676 square miles). The field was discovered in 1965; development began in 1967 and first oil was produced in 1969. Nearby Nizhnevartovsk went from being a small village into a booming oil city as Samotlor became the most important oil production base of the Soviet Union. After breakup of the Soviet Union the field was owned by Samotlorneftgaz and TNK-Nizhnevartovsk, which later formed TNK-BP.

At Samotlor Field a total of 2,086 well clusters (containing more than 17,000 wells) have been built and about 2.6 billion tons of oil has been produced. The peak production occurred in 1980 when Samotlor produced 158.9 million tons of oil. Production has been in decline ever since, although according to TNK-BP the field production has stabilized over the past few years.

The proven reserves are approximately 44 billion barrels. The field is 80 percent depleted with water-cut exceeding 90 percent. At the end of the 1990s, production rate dropped to 300,000 barrels per day. However, through an aggressive exploration program and application of cutting-edge technologies TNK-BP had raised production up to 750,000 barrels per day. TNK-BP plans to invest US$1 billion per year for maintaining oil production at the level of 30 million tons per year. The production of oi in 2012 was 332,782 barrels per day. The estimated oil in place is 4 billion barrels. The oil comes from Cretaceous formations.

Ural Mountains

Ural Mountains are the traditional dividing line between Europe and Asia and have been a crossroads of Russian history. Stretching from Kazakhstan to the fringes of the Arctic Kara Sea, the Urals lie almost exactly along the 60 degree meridian of longitude and extend for about 2,000 kilometers (1,300 miles) from north to south and varies in width from about 50 kilometers (30 miles) in the north and 160 kilometers (100 miles) the south. At kilometers 1777 on the Trans-Siberian Railway there is white obelisk with "Europe" carved in Russian on one side and "Asia" carved on the other.

The eastern side of the Urals contains a lot of granite and igneous rock. The western side is primarily sandstone and limestones. A number of precious stones can be found in the southern part of the Urals, including emeralds. malachite, tourmaline, jasper and aquamarines. The highest peaks are in the north. Mount Narodnaya is the highest of all but is only 1884 meters (6,184 feet) high. The northern Urals are covered in thick forests and home to relatively few people.

Like the Appalachian Mountains in the eastern United States, the Urals are very old mountains — with rocks and sediments that are hundreds of millions years old — that were one much taller than they are now and have been steadily eroded down over millions of years by weather and other natural processes to their current size. According to Encyclopedia Britannica: “The rock composition helps shape the topography: the high ranges and low, broad-topped ridges consist of quartzites, schists, and gabbro, all weather-resistant. Buttes are frequent, and there are north–south troughs of limestone, nearly all containing river valleys. Karst topography is highly developed on the western slopes of the Urals, with many caves, basins, and underground streams. The eastern slopes, on the other hand, have fewer karst formations; instead, rocky outliers rise above the flattened surfaces. Broad foothills, reduced to peneplain, adjoin the Central and Southern Urals on the east.

“The Urals date from the structural upheavals of the Hercynian orogeny (about 250 million years ago). About 280 million years ago there arose a high mountainous region, which was eroded to a peneplain. Alpine folding resulted in new mountains, the most marked upheaval being that of the Nether-Polar Urals...The western slope of the Urals is composed of middle Paleozoic sedimentary rocks (sandstones and limestones) that are about 350 million years old. In many places it descends in terraces to the Cis-Ural depression (west of the Urals), to which much of the eroded matter was carried during the late Paleozoic (about 300 million years ago). Found there are widespread karst (a starkly eroded limestone region) and gypsum, with large caverns and subterranean streams. On the eastern slope, volcanic layers alternate with sedimentary strata, all dating from middle Paleozoic times.”

The fauna of the vertebrate animals in the Reserve includes 19 fish, 5 amphibian and 5 reptile. Among the 48 mammal species are elks, roe deer, boars, foxes, wolves, lynxes, badgers, common weasels, least weasels, forest ferrets, Siberian striped weasel, common marten, American mink. Squirrels, beavers, muskrats, hares, dibblers, moles, hedgehogs, voles are quite common, as well as chiropterans: pond bat, water bat, Brandt's bat, whiskered bat, northern bat, long-eared bat, parti-coloured bat, Nathusius' pipistrelle. The 174 bird bird species include white-tailed eagles, honey hawks, boreal owls, gnome owls, hawk owls, tawny owls, common scoters, cuckoos, wookcocks, common grouses, wood grouses, hazel grouses, common partridges, shrikes, goldenmountain thrushes, black- throated loons and others.

Mount Narodnaya: the Highest Mountain in the Urals

Mount Narodnaya (700 kilometers northwest of Khanty-Mansiysk) is the highest mountain in the Urals. Also known as Naroda and Poenurr and "People's Mountain", it is 1,894 meters (6,214 feet) high. It lies in in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug but is only 500 meters east from the border of Komi Republic. The name is derived from the nearby Naroda River.

Mount Narodnaya is the highest point in European Russia outside the Caucasus and rises 1,772 meters (5,814 ft) above the landscape. Narodnaya is located in the Ural mountains water divide, and therefore on the border between Europe and Asia: The mountain is formed with quartzites and metamorphosed slates of the Proterozoic Eon and Cambrian Period. There are some glaciers on the mountain. Also, there are sparse forests of larch and birch in the deep valleys at the foot of the mountain. The slopes of the mountain are covered with highland tundra.

Mount Narodnaya was identified in 1927. If you ascend from the territory of Ugra, you first need to get to the village of Saranpaul (by helicopter from Berezovo, in the winter you can snowmobile), then about 180 kilometers to overcome by all-terrain transport to the camp site “Desired”, where you can climb Narodnaya and Manaragu. The cost of the tour, depending on the time of year, transport and service varies from 15,000 to 200,000 rubles, with a lot of the cost depending on whether you use a helicopter or not..

The easiest route to the summit is a technically easy hike on the moderate north-west slope. Depending on snow and ice conditions, crampons may be required. The south wall of Narodnaya is steeper and less commonly used to reach the summit. Accommodation: The cost of living at the camp site “Desired” — from 2300 rubles per day. In the forest in tent-for free.

Numto Natural Park

The Numto Natural Park (400 kilometers north of Surgut) is in the center of the Western-Siberian plain. The park covers 7,217 square kilometers and was created in 1997 to preserve the unique natural complexes of the Siberian Uvaly and protect the places where the the northern Khanty and forest Nenets live and work. The area is also inhabited by many animals and birds included osprey, white-tailed eagle, golden eagle, red-footed falcon, gyrfalcon, and others.

Because of its remoteness and difficulty to access, the Numto lake area remained a “blank space” during the development of Siberia. It was explored properly only in the early 20th century. It was first described by A. Dunin-Gorkavitch, who reached the place with reindeer teams in November 1901. He wrote: “Thus, during this journey I was able to explore the Kazym River and the watersheds of four other rivers: Kazym and Nadym on one side, Pima and Trom-Yugan on the other, as well as the Samoyed Lake Numto, known as “the lake of God”. The lake is located at the following coordinates: 63°30'N 41°30'E. It's oval in shape and has a narrow sandy spit from the northwest”.

The traveler gives a rather detailed description of some of the area's features: “...to the south from the lake, some 35 kilometers away, there is a watershed of four- rivers, from which the Kazym River begins. The watershed area is actually a tundra with huge hills up to 64 meters high with bogs in between. And these very bogs have springs and that is where the rivers Kazym, Nadym, Pim, and Trom-Yugan begin”.

Numto Lake was a kind of a sanctuary for peoples of the northern Ob. It was worshiped like a living creature. Even fishing was prohibited there. Some of these religious bans still exist; for example, it is not permitted to chop ice with an axe, fix anchoring poles in the lake bottom or block the connection between the lake and the Ukhlor Gulf with nets. With the coming of the winter, the Khanty and Nenets people come to Holy Island to offer a deer in sacrifice.

Image Sources: Wikimedia Commons

Text Sources: Federal Agency for Tourism of the Russian Federation (official Russia tourism website russiatourism.ru ), Russian government websites, UNESCO, Wikipedia, Lonely Planet guides, New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, National Geographic, The New Yorker, Bloomberg, Reuters, Associated Press, AFP, Yomiuri Shimbun and various books and other publications.

Updated in September 2020

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§1353. Acceptance of travel and related expenses from non-Federal sources

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Administrator of General Services, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Government Ethics, shall prescribe by regulation the conditions under which an agency in the executive branch (including an independent agency) may accept payment, or authorize an employee of such agency to accept payment on the agency's behalf, from non-Federal sources for travel, subsistence, and related expenses with respect to attendance of the employee (or the spouse of such employee) at any meeting or similar function relating to the official duties of the employee. Any cash payment so accepted shall be credited to the appropriation applicable to such expenses. In the case of a payment in kind so accepted, a pro rata reduction shall be made in any entitlement of the employee to payment from the Government for such expenses.

(b) Except as provided in this section or section 4111 or 7342 of title 5, an agency or employee may not accept payment for expenses referred to in subsection (a). An employee who accepts any payment in violation of the preceding sentence—

(1) may be required, in addition to any penalty provided by law, to repay, for deposit in the general fund of the Treasury, an amount equal to the amount of the payment so accepted; and

(2) in the case of a repayment under paragraph (1), shall not be entitled to any payment from the Government for such expenses.

(c) As used in this section—

(1) the term “executive branch” means all executive agencies (as such term is defined in section 105 of title 5); and

(2) the term “employee in the executive branch” means—

(A) an appointed officer or employee in the executive branch; and

(B) an expert or consultant in the executive branch, under section 3109 of title 5; and

(3) the term “payment” means a payment or reimbursement, in cash or in kind.

(d)(1) The head of each agency of the executive branch shall, in the manner provided in paragraph (2), submit to the Director of the Office of Government Ethics reports of payments of more than $250 accepted under this section with respect to employees of the agency. The Director shall make such reports available for public inspection and copying.

(2) The reports required by paragraph (1) shall, with respect to each payment—

(A) specify the amount and method of payment, the name of the person making the payment, the name of the employee, the nature of the meeting or similar function, the time and place of travel, the nature of the expenses, and such other information as the Administrator of General Services may prescribe by regulation under subsection (a);

(B) be submitted not later than May 31 of each year with respect to payments in the preceding period beginning on October 1 and ending on March 31; and

(C) be submitted not later than November 30 of each year with respect to payments in the preceding period beginning on April 1 and ending on September 30.

(Added Pub. L. 101–194, title III, §302(a), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1745, §1352; renumbered §1353 and amended Pub. L. 101–280, §4(b)(1), (c), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 157, 158.)

1990 —Pub. L. 101–280, §4(b)(1), renumbered section 1352 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–280, §4(c)(1), substituted “in the executive branch (including an independent agency) may accept payment, or authorize an employee of such agency to accept payment on the agency's behalf,” for “or employee in the executive branch may accept payment”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–280, §4(c)(2)(A), inserted “or 7342” after “section 4111”.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 101–280, §4(c)(2)(B), substituted “(1),” for “(1)”.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 101–280, §4(c)(3), substituted “all executive agencies” for “any executive agency”.

Govregs

  • U.S. Code All Titles
  • title 31 MONEY AND FINANCE
  • subtitle II THE BUDGET PROCESS
  • chapter 13 APPROPRIATIONS
  • subchapter III LIMITATIONS, EXCEPTIONS, AND PENALTIES
  • § 1353 Acceptance of travel and related expenses from non-Federal sources

View all text of Subchapter III [§ 1341 - § 1355]

CITE AS: 31 USC 1353

IMAGES

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COMMENTS

  1. 31 U.S. Code § 1353

    specify the amount and method of payment, the name of the person making the payment, the name of the employee, the nature of the meeting or similar function, the time and place of travel, the nature of the expenses, and such other information as the Administrator of General Services may prescribe by regulation under subsection (a);

  2. 31 USC 1353

    CITE AS: 31 USC 1352. § 1353. Acceptance of travel and related expenses from non-Federal sources. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Administrator of General Services, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Government Ethics, shall prescribe by regulation the conditions under which an agency in the executive branch ...

  3. PDF Acceptance of Payment from a Non-Federal Source For Travel Benefits

    For Travel Benefits While in Official Capacity . The Department of Defense (DoD) may accept travel benefits (transportation, lodging, meals, and related expenses), in-kind or by reimbursement, from non-Federal sources (such as ... Pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 1353 . Name of Traveler: Grade or Rank: Position: Office Address: Point of Contact (if any ...

  4. PDF U.S. Department of Defense Standards of Conduct Office

    Section 1353 does not permit acceptance of payments for events that are essential or required to carry out an agency's statutory and regulatory functions, such as . ... Submit a final travel expense report to SOCO within five days of completion of travel if the actual amounts are different from the estimated amounts previously submitted. If ...

  5. 31 U.S.C. 1353

    Acceptance of travel and related expenses from non-Federal sources, U.S. Code 31 (2011), § 1353. ... House of Representatives, Congress. 31 U.S.C. 1353 - Acceptance of travel and related expenses from non-Federal sources. U.S. Government Publishing Office, , https: ...

  6. 31 U.S.C. § 1353 (2021)

    Citation: 31 U.S.C. § 1353 (2021) Section Name §1353. Acceptance of travel and related expenses from non-Federal sources: Section Text (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Administrator of General Services, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Government Ethics, shall prescribe by regulation the conditions under which an agency in the executive branch (including ...

  7. 1353

    Money and Finance 31 USCA Section 1353. Read the code on FindLaw. Skip to main content Skip to AI Virtual Agent. Find a Lawyer. Find a Lawyer. Legal Forms & Services. Legal Forms & Services ... Money and Finance § 1353. Acceptance of travel and related expenses from non-Federal sources. Current as of January 01, 2024 | Updated by FindLaw Staff ...

  8. 31 USC 1353

    Terms Used In 31 USC 1353. Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization. Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that ...

  9. Acceptance of Non-Federal Travel Assistance

    31 U.S.C. 1353 Acceptance of Non-Federal Travel Funds as implemented at 41 CFR 304-1. Official. Meeting, conference, seminar, speech, etc., related to employee's official duties. ... Travel, subsistence & related expenses. May not be reward for prior service & may not impair employee impartiality, agency program integrity, or violate ethics ...

  10. Travel

    Other Authorities to Accept Travel Expenses. 31 U.S.C. § 1353 is the preferred authority to use if reimbursement or in-kind donation of travel expenses to a meeting or similar function is offered by an outside source. There are additional statutes that authorize acceptance of employees' travel expenses for other than meetings or similar functions.

  11. 99-2 Acceptance of Travel from Non-Federal Sources

    SUBJECT: ACCEPTANCE OF TRAVEL EXPENSES FROM NON-FEDERAL SOURCES. 1. Purpose. ... Title 31 U.S.C. § 1353 grants Executive Branch departments and agencies authority to accept travel assistance to events held away from a Federal employee's official duty station. This law was enacted as a provision in the Ethics Reform Act of 1989.

  12. GSA Non-Federal Source (NFS) Travel Policy

    b. 31 U.S.C. § 1353, implemented in the Federal Travel Regulation (FTR) in Chapter 304 (41 CFR Chapter 304), is the exclusive authority under which GSA may accept payment for travel expenses from a NFS for its employees to attend a meeting, conference, or similar function outside of their official station. This directive supplements FTR ...

  13. TREASURY DIRECTIVE 12-24

    DATE: March 11, 2008 REAFFIRMED: March 14, 2012 SUBJECT: Acceptance of Payments for Travel Expenses from a Non-Federal Source DELEGATION. This directive delegates authority to the heads of bureaus, Departmental Offices (DO), the Office of Inspector General (OIG), and the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA) to: Approve acceptance of payments or payments in-kind in lieu of ...

  14. Federal Travel Regulation; Updating Glossary of ...

    You must use the format prescribed by ETS to file all your travel claims unless your agency has been granted, or has granted you, an exception from required use of the ETS in accordance with § 301-50.4, § 301-73.102, or § 301-73.104 of this chapter. If the prescribed travel claim is hardcopy, the claim must be signed in ink.

  15. Travel Portal, Department of Administration, Shared Services of Alaska

    Shared Services of Alaska is excited to announce monthly A/P-Travel training events! Who: Available to all state employees working for departments who have onboarded with SSoA. When: Every third Wednesday of the month from 10:30 to 11:30am. Where: View the MS Teams meeting details and additional information at the SSoA Training Events site. These events are a great opportunity for new and ...

  16. §1353 TITLE 31—MONEY AND FINANCE Page 186

    §1353. Acceptance of travel and related expenses from non-Federal sources (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Administrator of General Services, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Government Ethics, shall prescribe by regula-tion the conditions under which an agency in the executive branch (including an independent

  17. Khanty-Mansyisk ::: Ural Expedition & Tours

    Khanty-Mansyisk "Ugra Land" is the historic place-name of the district - "Ugra". First people living "on half-night countries" (Polar region which experiences 6 months of darkness) were mentioned in chronicles in 1096.

  18. PDF Page 161 TITLE 31—MONEY AND FINANCE §1353

    §1353. Acceptance of travel and related expenses from non-Federal sources (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Administrator of General Services, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Government Ethics, shall prescribe by regula-tion the conditions under which an agency in the executive branch (including an independent

  19. Khanty-Mansyisk

    The Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Region (Yugra) is located in the centre of the West Siberian Plain. It borders on the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Region in the north, the Komi Republic in the northeast, Sverdlov Region in the southwest, Tobolsky Region in the south, and Tomsk Region and Krasnoyarsk Territory in the southeast and east.

  20. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

    Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra, commonly shortened to Khantia-Mansia, is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast). It has a population of 1,532,243 as of the 2010 Census. Its administrative center is located at Khanty-Mansiysk. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - WikiMil

  21. Khanty-mansi Autonomous Okrug: Russia'S Main Oil-producing Region

    The largest cities are Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, and Nefteyugansk. As of the early 2010s, about 51 percent of the oil produced in Russia and 7.3 percent of the world's supply came from Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, making the region very important economically. More than 10 billion tons of oil has been was recovered from the okrug's fields ...

  22. U.S.C. Title 31

    31 U.S.C. United States Code, 2011 Edition Title 31 - MONEY AND FINANCE SUBTITLE II - THE BUDGET PROCESS CHAPTER 13 - APPROPRIATIONS SUBCHAPTER III - LIMITATIONS, EXCEPTIONS, AND PENALTIES Sec. 1353 - Acceptance of travel and related expenses from non-Federal sources From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov §1353. Acceptance of travel and related expenses from non-Federal sources

  23. USC

    Notes. § 1353. Acceptance of travel and related expenses from non-Federal sources. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Administrator of General Services, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Government Ethics, shall prescribe by regulation the conditions under which an agency in the executive branch (including an ...