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Voyage of Going: Beyond the Blue Line 2 Reading Answers

Updated On Feb 08, 2024

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Voyage of Going: Beyond the Blue Line 2 Reading Answers

Recent IELTS Reading Test with Answers - Free PDF

Voyage of Going: Beyond the Blue Line 2 is a real Reading test passage that appeared in the IELTS.

With diligent practice, the Reading Module can be the top-scoring category for IELTS Aspirants. To score well, you must understand how to approach and answer the different question types in the Reading Module.

The types of questions included with the passage are:

True/False/Not Given
Summary Completion
Short Answer Type Question

By solving and reviewing Sample Reading Questions from past IELTS papers, you can ensure that your Reading skills are up to the mark. Take the practice test below and check your score with the answers for Voyage of Going: Beyond the Blue Line 2 !

Not sure how to solve True/False/Not Given? Check out the video here to learn now!

Check out more IELTS reading practice tests .

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on the Reading Passage. Find the practice test with the Voyage of Going: Beyond the Blue Line 2 PDF here.

The answers to questions 1-13 are given below along with their explanations.

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(update 2024) voyage of going: beyond the blue line 2 | ielts reading practice test.

Table of Contents

Voyage of going: beyond the blue line 2

A . One feels a certain sympathy for Captain James Cook on the day in 1778 that he “discovered” Hawaii. Then on his third expedition to the Pacific, the British navigator had explored scores of islands across the breadth of the sea, from lush New Zealand to the lonely wastes of Easter Island This latest voyage had taken him thousands of miles north from the Society Islands to an archipelago so remote that even the ok! Polynesians back on Tahiti knew nothing about it. Imagine Cook’s surprise, then, when the natives of Hawaii came paddling out in their canoes and greeted him in a familiar tongue, one he had heard on virtually every mote of inhabited land he had visited Marveling at the ubiquity of this Pacific language and culture, he later wondered in his journal: “How shall we account for this Nation spreading it self so far over this Vast ocean?”

B . Answers have been slow in coming. But now a startling archaeological find on the island of Efate, in the Pacific nation of Vanuatu, has revealed an ancient seafaring people, the distant ancestors of today’s Polynesians, taking their first steps into the unknown. The discoveries there have also opened a window into the shadowy work! of those early voyagers. At the same time, other pieces of this human puzzle are turning up in unlikely places. Climate data gleaned from slow-growing corals around the Pacific and from sediments in alpine lakes in South America may help explain how, more than a thousand years later, a second wave of seafarers beat their way across the entire Pacific.

C . What we have is a first-or second-generation site containing the graves of some of the Pacific’s first explorers,” says Spriggs, professor of archaeology at the Australian National University and co-leader of an international team excavating the site. It came to light only by luck A backhoe operator, digging up topsoil on the grounds of a derelict coconut plantation, scraped open a grave— the first of dozens in a burial ground some 3,000 years old It is the oldest cemetery ever found in the Pacific islands, and it harbors the bones of an ancient people archaeologists call the Lapita, a label that derives from a beach in New Caledonia where a landmark cache of their pottery was found in the 1950s. They were daring blue-water adventurers who roved the sea not just as expbrers but also as pioneers, bringing abng everything they would need to build new lives— their families and livestock, taro seedlings and stone tools.

D . Within the span of a few centuries the Lapita stretched the boundaries of their world from the jungle-clad vokanoes of Papua New Guinea to the bneliest coral outliers of Tonga, at feast 2,000 miles eastward in the Pacific. Abng the way they expbred millions of square miles of unknown sea, discovering and cobnizing scores of tropical islands never before seen by human eyes: Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa.

E . What little is known or surmised about them has been pieced together from fragments of pottery, animal bones, obsidian flakes, and such oblique sources as comparative linguistics and geochemistry. Although their voyages can be traced back to the northern islands of Papua New Guinea, their language variants of which are still spoken across the Pacific came from Taiwan. And their peculiar style of pottery decoration, created by pressing a carved stamp into the clay, probably had its roots in the northern Philippines. With the discovery of the Lapita cemetery on Efate, the volume of data available to researchers has expanded dramatically. The bones of at feast 62 individuals have been uncovered so far including old men, young women, even babies—and more skeletons are known to be in the ground Archaeobgists were also thrilled to discover six complete Lapita pots. It’s an important find, Spriggs says, for it conclusively identifies the remains as Lapita. “It would be hard for anyone to argue that these aren’t Lapita when you have human bones enshrined inside what is unmistakably a Lapita urn.”

F . Several lines of evidence also undergird Spriggs’s conclusion that this was a community of pioneers making their first voyages into the remote reaches of Oceania. For one thing, the radiocarbon dating of bones and charcoal places them early in the Lapita expansion. For another, the chemical makeup of the obsidian flakes littering the site indicates that the rock wasn’t local; instead it was imported from a large island in Papua New Guinea’s Bismarck Archipelago, the springboard for the Lapita’s thrust into the Pacific. A particularly intriguing clue comes from chemical tests on the teeth of several skeletons. DNA teased from these ancient bones may also help answer one of the most puzzling questions in Pacific anthropobgy: Did all Pacific islanders spring from one source or many? Was there only one outward migration from a single point in Asia, or several from different points? “This represents the best opportunity we’ve had yet,” says Spriggs, “to find out who the Lapita actually were, where they came from, and who their cbsest descendants are today.

G . “There is one stubborn question for which archaeobgy has yet to provide any answers: How did the Lapita accomplish the ancient equivalent of a moon landing, many times over? No one has found one of their canoes or any rigging, which could reveal how the canoes were sailed Nor do the oral histories and traditions of later Polynesians offer any insights, for they segue into myth long before they reach as far back in time as the Lapita.” All we can say for certain is that the Lapita had canoes that were capable of ocean voyages, and they had the ability to sail them,” says Geoff Irwin, a professor of archaeology at the University of Auckland and an avid yachtsman. Those sailing skills, he says, were developed and passed down over thousands of years by earlier mariners who worked their way through the archipelagoes of the western Pacific making short crossings to islands within sight of each other. Reaching Fiji, as they did a century or so later, meant crossing more than 500 miles of ocean, pressing on day after day into the great blue void of the Pacific. What gave them the courage to launch out on such a risky voyage?

H . The Lapita’s thrust into the Pacific was eastward, against the prevailing trade winds, Irwin notes. Those nagging headwinds, he argues, may have been the key to their success. “They could sail out for days into the unknown and reconnoiter, secure in the knowledge that if they didn’t find anything, they could turn about and catch a swift ride home on the trade winds. It’s what made the whole thing work.” Once out there, skilled seafarers would detect abundant leads to follow to land: seabirds and turtles, coconuts and twigs carried out to sea by the tides, and the afternoon pileup of clouds on the horizon that often betokens an island in the distance. Some islands may have broadcast their presence with far less subtlety than a cloud bank. Some of the most violent eruptions anywhere on the planet during the past 10,000 years occurred in Melanesia, which sits nervously in one of the most explosive volcanic regions on Earth. Even less spectacular eruptions would have sent plumes of smoke bilbwing into the stratosphere and rained ash for hundreds of miles. It’s possible that the Lapita saw these signs of distant islands and later sailed off in their direction, knowing they would find land For returning explorers, successful or not, the geography of their own archipelagoes provided a safety net to keep them from overshooting their home ports and sailing off into eternity.

I . However they did it, the Lapita spread themselves a third of the way across the Pacific, then called it quits for reasons known only to them. Ahead lay the vast emptiness of the central Pacific, and perhaps they were too thinly stretched to venture farther. They probably never numbered more than a few thousand in total, and in their rapid migration eastward they encountered hundreds of islands more than 300 in Fiji alone. Still, more than a millennium would pass before the Lapita’s descendants, a people we now call the Polynesians, struck out in search of new territory.

Questions 1-7

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet , write

YES if the statement is true

NO if the statement is false

NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage 1

1 . Captain cook once expected the Hawaii might speak another language of people from other pacific islands.

2 . Captain cook depicted number of cultural aspects of Polynesians in his journal.

3 . Professor Spriggs and his research team went to the Efate to try to find the site of ancient cemetery.

4 . The Lapita completed a journey of around 2,000 miles in a period less than a centenary.

5 . The Lapita were the first inhabitants in many pacific islands.

6 . The unknown pots discovered in Efate had once been used for cooking.

7 . The um buried in Efate site was plain as it was without any decoration.

Questions 8 -10

Summary Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage 1, using no more than Two words from the Reading Passage 1 for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 8-10 on your answer sheet.

Scientific Evident found in Efate site

Tests show the human remains and the charcoal found in the buried um are from the start of the Lapita period. Yet The ……… 8 …….. covering many of the Efate site did not come from that area.

Then examinations carried out on the ……… 9 …….. discovered at Efate site reveal that not everyone buried there was a native living in the area. In fact, DNA could identify the Lapita’s nearest……… 10 ………..present-days.

Questions 11-13

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.

11 What did the Lapita travel in when they crossed the oceans?

12 In Irwins’s view, what would the Latipa have relied on to bring them fast back to the base?

13 Which sea creatures would have been an indication to the Lapita of where to find land ?

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Ielts Reading Voyage of Going

by Navita Thakur | Sep 10, 2020

READING PASSAGE 1 – Voyage of Going: beyond the blue line 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 , which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

A One feels a certain sympathy for Captain James Cook on the day in 1778 that he “discovered” Hawaii. Then on his third expedition to the Pacific, the British navigator had explored scores of islands across the breadth of the sea, from lush New Zealand to the lonely wastes of Easter Island. This latest voyage had taken him thousands of miles north from the Society Islands to an archipelago so remote that even the old Polynesians back on Tahiti knew nothing about it. Imagine Cook’s surprise, then, when the natives of Hawaii came paddling out in their canoes and greeted him in a familiar tongue, one he had heard on virtually every mote of inhabited land he had visited. Marveling at the ubiquity of this Pacific language and culture, he later wondered in his journal: “How shall we account for this Nation spreading it self so far over this Vast ocean?”

B Answers have been slow in coming. But now a startling archaeological find on the island of Efate, in the Pacific nation of Vanuatu, has revealed an ancient seafaring people, the distant ancestors of today’s Polynesians, taking their first steps into the unknown. The discoveries there have also opened a window into the shadowy world of those early voyagers. At the same time, other pieces of this human puzzle are turning up in unlikely places. Climate data gleaned from slow-growing corals around the Pacific and from sediments in alpine lakes in South America may help explain how, more than a thousand years later, a second wave of seafarers beat their way across the entire Pacific.

C “What we have is a first- or second-generation site containing the graves of some of the Pacific’s first explorers,” says Spriggs, professor of archaeology at the Australian National University and co-leader of an international team excavating the site. It came to light only by luck. A backhoe operator, digging up topsoil on the grounds of a derelict coconut plantation, scraped open a grave – the first of dozens in a burial ground some 3,000 years old. It is the oldest cemetery ever found in the Pacific islands, and it harbors the bones of an ancient people archaeologists call the Lapita, a label that derives from a beach in New Caledonia where a landmark cache of their pottery was found in the 1950s. They were daring blue-water adventurers who roved the sea not just as explorers but also as pioneers, bringing along everything they would need to build new lives – their families and livestock, taro seedlings and stone tools.

D Within the span of a few centuries the Lapita stretched the boundaries of their world from the jungle-clad volcanoes of Papua New Guinea to the loneliest coral outliers of Tonga, at least 2,000 miles eastward in the Pacific. Along the way they explored millions of square miles of unknown sea, discovering and colonizing scores of tropical islands never before seen by human eyes: Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa.

E What little is known or surmised about them has been pieced together from fragments of pottery, animal bones, obsidian flakes, and such oblique sources as comparative linguistics and geochemistry. Although their voyages can be traced back to the northern islands of Papua New Guinea, their language – variants of which are still spoken across the Pacific – came from Taiwan. And their peculiar style of pottery decoration, created by pressing a carved stamp into the clay, probably had its roots in the northern Philippines. With the discovery of the Lapita cemetery on Efate, the volume of data available to researchers has expanded dramatically. The bones of at least 62 individuals have been uncovered so far – including old men, young women, even babies – and more skeletons are known to be in the ground. Archaeologists were also thrilled to discover six complete Lapita pots; before this, only four had ever been found. Other discoveries included a burial urn with modeled birds arranged on the rim as though peering down at the human bones sealed inside. It’s an important find, Spriggs says, for it conclusively identifies the remains as Lapita. “It would be hard for anyone to argue that these aren’t Lapita when you have human bones enshrined inside what is unmistakably a Lapita urn.”

F Several lines of evidence also undergird Spriggs’s conclusion that this was a community of pioneers making their first voyages into the remote reaches of Oceania. For one thing, the radiocarbon dating of bones and charcoal places them early in the Lapita expansion. For another, the chemical makeup of the obsidian flakes littering the site indicates that the rock wasn’t local; instead it was imported from a large island in Papua New Guinea’s Bismarck Archipelago, the springboard for the Lapita’s thrust into the Pacific. A particularly intriguing clue comes from chemical tests on the teeth of several skeletons. DNA teased from these ancient bones may also help answer one of the most puzzling questions in Pacific anthropology: Did all Pacific islanders spring from one source or many? Was there only one outward migration from a single point in Asia, or several from different points? “This represents the best opportunity we’ve had yet,” says Spriggs, “to find out who the Lapita actually were, where they came from, and who their closest descendants are today.”

G There is one stubborn question for which archaeology has yet to provide any answers: How did the Lapita accomplish the ancient equivalent of a moon landing, many times over? No one has found one of their canoes or any rigging, which could reveal how the canoes were sailed. Nor do the oral histories and traditions of later Polynesians offer any insights, for they segue into myth long before they reach as far back in time as the Lapita. “All we can say for certain is that the Lapita had canoes that were capable of ocean voyages, and they had the ability to sail them,” says Geoff Irwin, a professor of archaeology at the University of Auckland and an avid yachtsman. Those sailing skills, he says, were developed and passed down over thousands of years by earlier mariners who worked their way through the archipelagoes of the western Pacific making short crossings to islands within sight of each other. Reaching Fiji, as they did a century or so later, meant crossing more than 500 miles of ocean, pressing on day after day into the great blue void of the Pacific. What gave them the courage to launch out on such a risky voyage?

H The Lapita’s thrust into the Pacific was eastward, against the prevailing trade winds, Irwin notes. Those nagging headwinds, he argues, may have been the key to their success. “They could sail out for days into the unknown and reconnoiter, secure in the knowledge that if they didn’t find anything, they could turn about and catch a swift ride home on the trade winds. It’s what made the whole thing work.” Once out there, skilled seafarers would detect abundant leads to follow to land: seabirds and turtles, coconuts and twigs carried out to sea by the tides, and the afternoon pileup of clouds on the horizon that often betokens an island in the distance. Some islands may have broadcast their presence with far less subtlety than a cloud bank. Some of the most violent eruptions anywhere on the planet during the past 10,000 years occurred in Melanesia, which sits nervously in one of the most explosive volcanic regions on Earth. Even less spectacular eruptions would have sent plumes of smoke billowing into the stratosphere and rained ash for hundreds of miles. It’s possible that the Lapita saw these signs of distant islands and later sailed off in their direction, knowing they would find land. For returning explorers, successful or not, the geography of their own archipelagoes provided a safety net to keep them from overshooting their home ports and sailing off into eternity.

I However they did it, the Lapita spread themselves a third of the way across the Pacific, then called it quits for reasons known only to them. Ahead lay the vast emptiness of the central Pacific, and perhaps they were too thinly stretched to venture farther. They probably never numbered more than a few thousand in total, and in their rapid migration eastward they encountered hundreds of islands – more than 300 in Fiji alone. Still, more than a millennium would pass before the Lapita’s descendants, a people we now call the Polynesians, struck out in search of new territory.

READING PASSAGE 2 – Does An IQ Test Prove Creativity?

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-27 , which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

Everyone has creativity, some a lot more than others. The development of humans, and possibly the universe, depends on it. Yet creativity is an elusive creature. What do we mean by it? What is going on in our brains when ideas form? Does it feel the same for artists and scientists? We asked writers and neuroscientists, pop stars and AI gurus to try to deconstruct the creative process-and learn how we can all ignite the spark within.

A In the early 1970s, creativity was still seen as a type of intelligence. But when more subtle tests of IQ and creative skills were developed in the 1970s, particularly by the father of creativity testing, Paul Torrance, it became clear that the link was not so simple. Creative people are intelligent, in terms of IQ tests at least, but only averagely or just above. While it depends on the discipline, in general beyond a certain level IQ does not help boost creativity; it is necessary but not sufficient to make someone creative.

B Because of the difficulty of studying the actual process, most early attempts to study creativity concentrated on personality. According to creativity specialist Mark Runco of California State University, Fullerton, the “creative personality” tends to place a high value on aesthetic qualities and to have broad interests, providing lots of resources to draw on and knowledge to recombine into novel solutions. “Creatives” have an attraction to complexity and an ability to handle conflict. They are also usually highly self-motivated, perhaps even a little obsessive. Less creative people, on the other hand, tend to become irritated if they cannot immediately fit all the pieces together. They are less tolerant of confusion. Creativity comes to those who wait, but only to those who are happy to do so in a bit of a fog.

C But there may be a price to pay for having a creative personality. For centuries, a link has been made between creativity and mental illness.Psychiatrist Jamison of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, found that established artists are significantly more likely to have mood disorders. But she also suggests that a change of mood state might be the key to triggering a creative event, rather than the negative mood itself. Intelligence can help channel this thought style into great creativity, but when combined with emotional problems, lateral, divergent or open thinking can lead to mental illness instead.

D Jordan Peterson, a psychologist at the University of Toronto, Canada, believes he has identified a mechanism that could help explain this. He says that the brains of creative people seem more open to incoming stimuli than less creative types. Our senses are continuously feeding a mass of information into our brains, which have to block or ignore most of it to save us from being snowed under. Peterson calls this process latent inhibition, and argues that people who have less of it, and who have a reasonably high IQ with a good working memory can juggle more of the data, and so may be open to more possibilities and ideas. The downside of extremely low latent inhibition may be a confused thought style that predisposes people to mental illness. So for Peterson, mental illness is not a prerequisite for creativity, but it shares some cognitive traits.

E But what of the creative act itself? One of the first studies of the creative brain at work was by Colin Martindale, a psychologist from the University of Maine in Orono. Back in 1978, he used a network of scalp electrodes to record an electroencephalogram ,a record of the pattern of brain waves, as people made up stories. Creativity has two stages: inspiration and elaboration, each characterised by very different states of mind. While people were dreaming up their stories, he found their brains were surprisingly quiet. The dominant activity was alpha waves, indicating a very low level of cortical arousal: a relaxed state, as though the conscious mind was quiet while the brain was making connections behind the scenes. It’s the same sort of brain activity as in some stages of sleep, dreaming or rest, which could explain why sleep and relaxation can help people be creative. However, when these quiet minded people were asked to work on their stories, the alpha wave activity dropped off and the brain became busier, revealing increased cortical arousal, more corralling of activity and more organised thinking. Strikingly, it was the people who showed the biggest difference in brain activity between the inspiration and development stages who produced the most creative storylines. Nothing in their background brain activity marked them as creative or uncreative. “It’s as if the less creative person can’t shift gear,” says Guy Claxton, a psychologist at the University of Bristol, UK. “Creativity requires different kinds of thinking. Very creative people move between these states intuitively.” Creativity, it seems, is about mental flexibility: perhaps not a two-step process, but a toggling between two states. In a later study, Martindale found that communication between the sides of the brain is also important.

F Paul Howard-Jones, who works with Claxton at Bristol, believes he has found another aspect of creativity. He asked people to make up a story based on three words and scanned their brains using functional magnetic resonance imaging. In one trial, people were asked not to try too hard and just report the most obvious story suggested by the words. In another, they were asked to be inventive. He also varied the words so it was easier or harder to link them. As people tried harder and came up with more creative tales, there was a lot more activity in a particular prefrontal brain region on the right-hand side. These regions are probably important in monitoring for conflict, helping us to filter out many of of combining the words and allowing us to pull out just the desirable connections, Howard-Jones suggests. It shows that there is another side to creativity, he says. The story-making task, particularly when we are stretched, produces many options which we have to assess. So part of creativity is a conscious process of evaluating and analysing ideas. The test also shows that the more we try and are stretched, the more creative our minds can be.

G And creativity need not always be a solitary, tortured affair, according to Teresa Amabile of Harvard Business School. Though there is a slight association between solitary writing or painting and negative moods or emotional disturbances, scientific creativity and workplace creativity seem much more likely to occur when people are positive and buoyant .In a decade-long study of real businesses, to be published soon, Amabile found that positive moods relate positively to creativity in organisations, and that the relationship is a simple linear one. Creative thought also improves people’s moods, her team found, so the process is circular. Time pressures, financial pressures and hard-earned bonus schemes on the other hand, do not boost workplace creativity: internal motivation, not coercion, produces the best work.

H Another often forgotten aspect of creativity is social. Vera John-Steiner of the University of New Mexico says that to be really creative you need strong social networks and trusting relationships, not just active neural networks. One vital characteristic of a highly creative person, she says, is that they have at least one other person in their life who doesn’t think they are completely nuts.

READING PASSAGE 3 – Monkeys and Forests

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-40 , which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

AS AN EAST WIND blasts through a gap in the Cordillera de Tilaran , a rugged mountain range that splits northern Costa Rica in half, a female mantled howler monkey moves through the swaying trees of the forest canopy.

A. Ken Glander, a primatologist from Duke University, gazes into the canopy, tracking the female’s movements. Holding a dart gun, he waits with infinite patience for the right moment to shoot. With great care, Glander aims and fires. Hit in the rump, the monkey wobbles. This howler belongs to a population that has lived for decades at Hacienda La Pacifica, a working cattle ranch in Guanacaste province. Other native primates -white-faced capuchin monkeys and spider monkeys – once were common in this area, too, but vanished after the Pan-American Highway was built nearby in the 1950s. Most of the surrounding land was clear-cut for pasture.

B. Howlers persist at La Pacifica, Glander explains, because they are leaf- eaters. They eat fruit, when it’s available but, unlike capuchin and spider monkeys, do not depend on large areas of fruiting trees. “Howlers can survive anyplace you have half a dozen trees, because their eating habits are so flexible,” he says. In forests, life is an arms race between trees and the myriad creatures that feed on leaves. Plants have evolved a variety of chemical defenses, ranging from bad-tasting tannins, which bind with plant-produced nutrients, rendering them indigestible, to deadly poisons, such as alkaloids and cyanide.

C. All primates, including humans, have some ability to handle plant toxins. “We can detoxify a dangerous poison known as caffeine, which is deadly to a lot of animals:” Glander says. For leaf-eaters, long-term exposure to a specific plant toxin can increase their ability to defuse the poison and absorb the leaf nutrients. The leaves that grow in regenerating forests, like those at La Pacifica, are actually more howler friendly than those produced by the undisturbed, centuries-old trees that survive farther south, in the Amazon Basin. In younger forests, trees put most of their limited energy into growing wood, leaves and fruit, so they produce much lower levels of toxin than do well-established, old-growth trees.

D. The value of maturing forests to primates is a subject of study at Santa Rosa National Park, about 35 miles northwest of Hacienda La Pacifica. The park hosts populations not only of mantled howlers but also of white-faced capuchins and spider monkeys. Yet the forests there are young, most of them less than 50 years old. Capuchins were the first to begin using the reborn forests, when the trees were as young as 14 years. Howlers, larger and heavier than capuchins, need somewhat older trees, with limbs that can support their greater body weight. A working ranch at Hacienda La Pacifica also explain their population boom in Santa Rosa. “Howlers are more resilient than capuchins and spider monkeys for several reasons,” Fedigan explains. “They can live within a small home range, as long as the trees have the right food for them. Spider monkeys, on the other hand, occupy a huge home range, so they can’t make it in fragmented habitat.”

E. Howlers also reproduce faster than do other monkey species in the area. Capuchins don’t bear their first young until about 7 years old, and spider monkeys do so even later, but howlers give birth for the first time at about 3.5 years of age. Also, while a female spider monkey will have a baby about once every four years, well-fed howlers can produce an infant every two years.

F. The leaves howlers eat hold plenty of water, so the monkeys can survive away from open streams and water holes. This ability gives them a real advantage over capuchin and spider monkeys, which have suffered during the long, ongoing drought in Guanacaste.

G. Growing human population pressures in Central and South America have led to persistent destruction of forests. During the 1990s, about 1.1 million acres of Central American forest were felled yearly. Alejandro Estrada, an ecologist at Estacion de Biologia Los Tuxtlas in Veracruz, Mexico, has been exploring how monkeys survive in a landscape increasingly shaped by humans. He and his colleagues recently studied the ecology of a group of mantled howler monkeys that thrive in a habitat completely altered by humans: a cacao plantation in Tabasco, Mexico. Like many varieties of coffee, cacao plants need shade to grow, so 40 years ago the landowners planted fig, monkey pod and other tall trees to form a protective canopy over their crop. The howlers moved in about 25 years ago after nearby forests were cut. This strange habitat, a hodgepodge of cultivated native and exotic plants, seems to support about as many monkeys as would a same-sized patch of wild forest. The howlers eat the leaves and fruit of the shade trees, leaving the valuable cacao pods alone, so the farmers tolerate them.

H. Estrada believes the monkeys bring underappreciated benefits to such farms, dispersing the seeds of fig and other shade trees and fertilizing the soil with feces. He points out that howler monkeys live in shade coffee and cacao plantations in Nicaragua and Costa Rica as well as in Mexico. Spider monkeys also forage in such plantations, though they need nearby areas of forest to survive in the long term. He hopes that farmers will begin to see the advantages of associating with wild monkeys, which includes potential ecotourism projects.

“Conservation is usually viewed as a conflict between agricultural practices and the need to preserve nature, ” Estrada says. “We ’re moving away from that vision and beginning to consider ways in which agricultural activities may become a tool for the conservation ofprimates in human-modified landscapes. ”

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Voyage of Going: beyond the blue line – IELTS Academic Reading Passage

Questions 1-7 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage? In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write

YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

1. Captain cook once expected the Hawaii might speak another language of people from other pacific islands. 2. Captain cook depicted number of cultural aspects of Polynesians in his journal. 3. Professor Spriggs and his research team went to the Efate to try to find the site of ancient cemetery. 4. The Lapita completed a journey of around 2,000 miles in a period less than a centenary. 5. The Lapita were the first inhabitants in many pacific islands. 6. The unknown pots discovered in Efate had once been used for cooking. 7. The urn buried in Efate site was plain as it was without any decoration.

Questions 8-10 Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.

Scientific Evident found in Efate site

Tests show the human remains and the charcoal found in the buried um are from the start of the Lapita period. Yet the (8)………………..covering many of the Efate site did not come from that area. Then examinations carried out on the (9)………………….discovered at Efate site reveal that not everyone buried there was a native living in the area. In fact, DNA could identify the Lapita’s nearest present-days (10)……………….

Questions 11-13 Answer the questions below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.

11. What did the Lapita travel in when they crossed the oceans? 12. In Irwins’s view, what would the Latipa have relied on to bring them fast back to the base? 13. Which sea creatures would have been an indication to the Lapita of where to find land?

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The passage contains following question types from IELTS Reading Question Types: Matching Headings Multiple Choice Question. A Guide To Womenomics You should spend about 20…

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"Voyage of Going Reading Answers" - IELTS Reading Passage with Questions and Answers

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Updated on 10 January, 2024

upGrad Abroad Team

Upgrad abroad editorial team.

Introduction

The journey of learning and understanding is a voyage in itself. The IELTS Reading Test challenges this journey by assessing a wide range of reading skills. The passage "Voyage of Going Reading Answers" is designed to test your comprehension, analytical abilities, and grasp of the English language in the context of an engaging narrative.

Passage: "Voyage of Going"

Questions and Answers

Download e-books for ielts preparation, passage: "voyage of going".

In the realm of knowledge and learning, each journey begins with a single step – a step into the unknown, the uncharted, and the undiscovered. This is the essence of the 'Voyage of Going', a metaphorical expedition not across physical oceans but through the vast and boundless ocean of knowledge. It's a journey that is as old as humanity itself, yet it remains as fresh and vital with each new generation of learners and thinkers.

Imagine a world where every horizon promises new discoveries, where every challenge faced is an opportunity for growth, and every success is a milestone in a journey that has no final destination. This is the world of the 'Voyage of Going', where the process of learning and understanding is an unending adventure, filled with moments of revelation, joy, frustration, and triumph.

The voyage begins in the youthful days of our lives. As children, our minds are like sponges, absorbing information from our surroundings with a voracious appetite. We learn to speak, to walk, to interact with others, and to understand the basics of our world. This stage of the journey is marked by a sense of wonder and exploration. Every new word learned, every new concept grasped, adds to the map of our understanding, slowly filling in the blank spaces with the rich details of knowledge.

As we progress into our teenage years, the voyage takes on a more structured form. Schools and teachers become our guides, steering us through the more complex waters of formal education. We learn about history, understanding how the past has shaped the present; we delve into the mysteries of science, uncovering the laws that govern our universe; we explore the depths of mathematics, finding beauty and order in numbers and equations. This phase of the journey is like navigating through a series of islands, each representing a different field of knowledge, each offering its unique treasures.

However, the 'Voyage of Going' is not just about the accumulation of facts and figures. It's about developing critical thinking, learning to analyze and question, to reason and argue. It's about understanding perspectives different from our own, about developing empathy and emotional intelligence. These skills are the compass and sextant of our voyage, tools that help us navigate the more challenging and subjective aspects of knowledge.

As we move into adulthood, the journey becomes more self-directed. The vast ocean of knowledge lies open before us, and we are free to chart our own course. Some may delve deep into the waters of academia, pursuing advanced degrees and contributing to the body of human knowledge through research and scholarship. Others may navigate the practical straits of vocational training, acquiring the skills needed for specific careers and professions.

Q1. What is the primary theme of the passage?

A) Historical events

B) Scientific discoveries

C) A metaphorical journey

D) Modern technology

A1: C) A metaphorical journey.

The passage primarily focuses on the metaphorical journey of learning and understanding.

Q2. Which of the following is mentioned as a key aspect of the 'Voyage of Going'?

A) Overcoming physical obstacles

B) Language barriers

C) Mental challenges

D) Cultural experiences

A2: C) Mental challenges.

The passage highlights mental challenges as part of the learning journey.

Q3. The passage suggests that the 'Voyage of Going' is analogous to:

A) A physical expedition

B) The process of aging

C) An educational journey

D) A fictional narrative

A3: C) An educational journey.

The passage uses the 'Voyage of Going' as a metaphor for the educational journey and the pursuit of knowledge.

Q4. According to the passage, one of the biggest challenges on this voyage is:

A) Limited resources

B) Time management

C) Adapting to change

D) Navigational skills

A4: C) Adapting to change.

The passage highlights the importance of adapting to new ideas and environments in the learning process.

Q5. The author uses the term 'unchartered waters' to describe:

A) Ocean exploration

B) Unknown aspects of learning

C) Future technological advancements

D) Geographical discoveries

A5: B) Unknown aspects of learning.

'Unchartered waters' is a metaphor used to describe exploring unknown areas in the realm of knowledge and learning.

Q6. Fill in the blank: The passage describes the journey as both '________ and rewarding'

A) challenging

C) effortless

D) predictable

A6: A) challenging.

The journey is described as challenging yet rewarding, emphasizing the difficulties and joys of learning.

Q7. The author suggests that every step in the 'Voyage of Going' is:

A) Predictable

B) Essential

C) Optional

D) Reversible

A7: B) Essential.

Each step in the learning journey is portrayed as crucial for personal growth and understanding.

Q8. True or False: The passage states that the ultimate destination of the voyage is as important as the journey itself.

A8: B) False.

The passage emphasizes the journey's experiences over reaching a final destination.

Q9. What is the tone of the passage?

A) Pessimistic

B) Humorous

C) Inspirational

D) Critical

A9: C) Inspirational.

The passage adopts an inspirational tone, encouraging the reader to embrace the learning journey.

Q10. The 'Voyage of Going' is best described as a journey towards:

A) Personal fulfillment

B) Historical enlightenment

C) Scientific discovery

D) Professional success

A10: A) Personal fulfillment.

The passage describes the voyage as a journey towards personal fulfillment through learning and understanding.

The "Voyage of Going Reading Answers" passage and the accompanying questions offer a comprehensive approach to mastering the IELTS Reading Test. This exercise not only enhances your reading comprehension but also sharpens your analytical skills, preparing you for the variety of challenges the actual test may present.

We are a dedicated team of study-abroad experts, ensuring intensive research and comprehensive information in each of our blogs. With every piece written, we aim at simplifying the overseas education process for all. Our diverse experience as journalists, content writers, editors, content strategists, and marketers helps create the most relevant and authentic blogs for our readers.

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voyage of going: beyond the blue line 2 reading answers

Academic ielts reading test 126 answers.

IELTSFever Academic IELTS Reading Practice Test 126 Answers voyage of going: beyond the blue line 2, Corporate Social Responsibility 2, Learning lessons from the past

Dear students, here are the IELTSFever Academic IELTS Reading Practice Test 126 Answers ( Passage 1 voyage of going: beyond the blue line 2, Passage 2 Corporate Social Responsibility 2, Passage 3 Learning lessons from the past ) Dear Scholars, if you need to clear your doubts regarding these Answers, you can ask any question […]

Academic IELTS Reading Test 126 Answers Read More »

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Đề thi & Đáp án IELTS Recent Actual Test – Reading passage 1 – Voyage of Going: beyond the blue line

Voyage of Going: beyond the blue line

One feels a certain sympathy for Captain James Cook on the day in 1778 that he “discovered” Hawaii. Then on his third expedition to the Pacific, the British navigator had explored scores of islands across the breadth of the sea, from lush New Zealand to the lonely wastes of Easter Island. This latest voyage had taken him thousands of miles north from the Society Islands to an archipelago so remote that even the old Polynesians back on Tahiti knew nothing about it. Imagine Cook’s surprise, then, when the natives of Hawaii came paddling out in their canoes and greeted him in a familiar tongue, one he had heard on virtually every mote of inhabited land he had visited. Marveling at the ubiquity of this Pacific language and culture, he later wondered in his journal: “How shall we account for this Nation spreading itself so far over this Vast ocean?”

Answers have been slow in coming. But now a startling archaeological find on the island of Efate, in the Pacific nation of Vanuatu, has revealed an ancient seafaring people, the distant ancestors of today’s Polynesians, taking their first steps into the unknown. The discoveries there have also opened a window into the shadowy world of those early voyagers. At the same time, other pieces of this human puzzle are turning up in unlikely places. Climate data gleaned from slow-growing corals around the Pacific and from sediments in alpine lakes in South America may help explain how, more than a thousand years later, a second wave of seafarers beat their way across the entire Pacific.

“What we have is a first- or second-generation site containing the graves of some of the Pacific’s first explorers,” says Spriggs, professor of archaeology at the Australian National University and co-leader of an international team excavating the site. It came to light only by luck. A backhoe operator, digging up topsoil on the grounds of a derelict coconut plantation, scraped open a grave – the first of dozens in a burial ground some 3,000 years old. It is the oldest cemetery ever found in the Pacific islands, and it harbors the bones of an ancient people archaeologists call the Lapita, a label that derives from a beach in New Caledonia where a landmark cache of their pottery was found in the 1950s. They were daring blue-water adventurers who roved the sea not just as explorers but also as pioneers, bringing along everything they would need to build new lives – their families and livestock, taro seedlings and stone tools.

Within the span of a few centuries the Lapita stretched the boundaries of their world from the jungle-clad volcanoes of Papua New Guinea to the loneliest coral outliers of Tonga, at least 2,000 miles eastward in the Pacific. Along the way they explored millions of square miles of unknown sea, discovering and colonizing scores of tropical islands never before seen by human eyes: Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa.

What little is known or surmised about them has been pieced together from fragments of pottery, animal bones, obsidian flakes, and such oblique sources as comparative linguistics and geochemistry. Although their voyages can be traced back to the northern islands of Papua New Guinea, their language – variants of which are still spoken across the Pacific – came from Taiwan. And their peculiar style of pottery decoration, created by pressing a carved stamp into the clay, probably had its roots in the northern Philippines. With the discovery of the Lapita cemetery on Efate, the volume of data available to researchers has expanded dramatically. The bones of at least 62 individuals have been uncovered so far – including old men, young women, even babies – and more skeletons are known to be in the ground. Archaeologists were also thrilled to discover six complete Lapita pots; before this, only four had ever been found. Other discoveries included a burial urn with modeled birds arranged on the rim as though peering down at the human bones sealed inside. It’s an important find, Spriggs says, for it conclusively identifies the remains as Lapita. “It would be hard for anyone to argue that these aren’t Lapita when you have human bones enshrined inside what is unmistakably a Lapita urn.”

Several lines of evidence also undergird Spriggs’s conclusion that this was a community of pioneers making their first voyages into the remote reaches of Oceania. For one thing, the radiocarbon dating of bones and charcoal places them early in the Lapita expansion. For another, the chemical makeup of the obsidian flakes littering the site indicates that the rock wasn’t local; instead it was imported from a large island in Papua New Guinea’s Bismarck Archipelago, the springboard for the Lapita’s thrust into the Pacific. A particularly intriguing clue comes from chemical tests on the teeth of several skeletons. DNA teased from these ancient bones may also help answer one of the most puzzling questions in Pacific anthropology: Did all Pacific islanders spring from one source or many? Was there only one outward migration from a single point in Asia, or several from different points? “This represents the best opportunity we’ve had yet,” says Spriggs, “to find out who the Lapita actually were, where they came from, and who their closest descendants are today.”

There is one stubborn question for which archaeology has yet to provide any answers: How did the Lapita accomplish the ancient equivalent of a moon landing, many times over? No one has found one of their canoes or any rigging, which could reveal how the canoes were sailed. Nor do the oral histories and traditions of later Polynesians offer any insights, for they segue into myth long before they reach as far back in time as the Lapita. “All we can say for certain is that the Lapita had canoes that were capable of ocean voyages, and they had the ability to sail them,” says Geoff Irwin, a professor of archaeology at the University of Auckland and an avid yachtsman. Those sailing skills, he says, were developed and passed down over thousands of years by earlier mariners who worked their way through the archipelagoes of the western Pacific making short crossings to islands within sight of each other. Reaching Fiji, as they did a century or so later, meant crossing more than 500 miles of ocean, pressing on day after day into the great blue void of the Pacific. What gave them the courage to launch out on such a risky voyage?

The Lapita’s thrust into the Pacific was eastward, against the prevailing trade winds, Irwin notes. Those nagging headwinds, he argues, may have been the key to their success. “They could sail out for days into the unknown and reconnoiter, secure in the knowledge that if they didn’t find anything, they could turn about and catch a swift ride home on the trade winds. It’s what made the whole thing work.” Once out there, skilled seafarers would detect abundant leads to follow to land: seabirds and turtles, coconuts and twigs carried out to sea by the tides, and the afternoon pileup of clouds on the horizon that often betokens an island in the distance. Some islands may have broadcast their presence with far less subtlety than a cloud bank. Some of the most violent eruptions anywhere on the planet during the past 10,000 years occurred in Melanesia, which sits nervously in one of the most explosive volcanic regions on Earth. Even less spectacular eruptions would have sent plumes of smoke billowing into the stratosphere and rained ash for hundreds of miles. It’s possible that the Lapita saw these signs of distant islands and later sailed off in their direction, knowing they would find land. For returning explorers, successful or not, the geography of their own archipelagoes provided a safety net to keep them from overshooting their home ports and sailing off into eternity.

However they did it, the Lapita spread themselves a third of the way across the Pacific, then called it quits for reasons known only to them. Ahead lay the vast emptiness of the central Pacific, and perhaps they were too thinly stretched to venture farther. They probably never numbered more than a few thousand in total, and in their rapid migration eastward they encountered hundreds of islands – more than 300 in Fiji alone. Still, more than a millennium would pass before the Lapita’s descendants, a people we now call the Polynesians, struck out in search of new territory.

Questions 1-7

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet write

YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

Questions 8-10:

Summary: Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage

Using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 8-10 on your answer sheet.

Scientific Evident found in Efate site

Tests show the human remains and the charcoal found in the buried um are from the start of the Lapita period. Yet the 8. covering many of the Efate sites did not come from that area. Then examinations carried out on the 9. discovered at Efate site reveal that not everyone buried there was a native living in the area. In fact, DNA could identify the Lapita’s nearest 10. present-days.

Questions 11-13

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.

11. What did the Lapita travel in when they crossed the oceans? 12. In Irwins’s view, what would the Lapita have relied on to bring them fast back to the base? 13. Which sea creatures would have been an indication to the Lapita of where to find land?

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Food for thought IELTS Reading – Giải đề chi tiết có đáp án

Mục đích: Phần Translation được đưa ra nhằm:

1. Cung cấp cho các bạn các từ vựng, ngữ pháp cần thiết đối với chủ đề bài viết

2. Giúp các bạn ứng dụng những từ vựng, ngữ pháp đã được cung cấp để viết một câu Tiếng Anh hoàn chỉnh

Bước 1: Các bạn hãy đọc kỹ phần Câu Tiếng Việt – Dịch Tiếng Anh và phần Gợi ý bên cạnh để nắm được từ vựng, ngữ pháp cần thiết

Bước 2 : Dựa vào những từ vựng và ngữ pháp ở phần Gợi ý , các bạn hãy dịch câu từ tiếng Việt sang tiếng Anh tại phần Dịch

Bước 3: Sau khi đã viết câu tiếng Anh hoàn chỉnh, các bạn hãy nhấn Đáp án để so sánh giữa câu của các bạn với câu mẫu.

Bước 4: Sau khi đã so sánh giữa câu của các bạn và đáp án mẫu, các bạn có thể nhấn Next để sang câu tiếp theo. Hoặc có thể nhấn Back để xem lại câu trước đó

Mục đích: Phần Analysis được đưa ra nhằm giúp các bạn phân tích, hiểu rõ vai trò và chức năng của từng câu trong bài viết.

Bước 1: Các bạn hãy đọc kỹ phần Câu Tiếng Anh và phần Phân tích bên cạnh để trả lời cho câu hỏi được đưa ra.

Bước 2: Sau khi đã trả lời câu hỏi, các bạn hãy nhấn vào “Đáp án và Giải thích thêm” để so sánh đáp án

Bước 3 : Sau khi đã so sánh giữa câu của các bạn và đáp án mẫu, các bạn có thể nhấn Next để sang câu tiếp theo. Hoặc có thể nhấn Back để xem lại câu trước đó

Thông tin của bạn đã được ghi nhận.

Bước 1 : Các bạn hãy đọc hiểu phần tiếng Anh trong ô này, và tra cứu các phần mình không hiểu (bạn hãy làm thật kỹ bước này, để có thể tiếp thu thật tốt kiến thức ở các bước tiếp theo):

Bước 2 : Nhấn vào nút Bản dịch & Giải thích :

Bước 3 : Đọc phần Câu tiếng Anh + Dịch tiếng Việt và phần Kiến thức cần lưu ý kèm theo:

Bước 4 : Nhấn nghe lại Audio và so sánh với nội dung câu tiếng Anh, chú ý đến những đoạn nghe nhầm / nghe không ra (đây chính là bước tạo ra sự tiến bộ trong khả năng nghe tiếng Anh của bạn)

Bước 5 : Nhấn nút Next để đến với câu tiếp theo:

2. Với mỗi bước trả lời, bạn hãy đọc phần gợi ý về ý tưởng tiếng Việt và từ vựng tiếng Anh, sau đó gõ câu tiếng Anh hoàn chỉnh vào cột Viết câu (Việc chủ động viết câu này sẽ giúp bạn vừa luyện tập khả năng tiếng Anh, vừa sẵn sàng để tiếp thu kiến thức trong bước tiếp theo):

3. Sau khi có câu tiếng Anh của riêng mình, bạn hãy nhấn vào nút Đáp án và Giải thích , và so sánh câu bạn đã viết ở bước 2 với đáp án này:

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READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

Voyage of Going: beyond the blue line 2

One feels a certain sympathy for Captain James Cook on the day in 1778 that he “discovered” Hawaii. Then on his third expedition to the Pacific, the British navigator had explored scores of islands across the breadth of the sea, from lush New Zealand to the lonely wastes of Easter Island. This latest voyage had taken him thousands of miles north from the Society Islands to an archipelago so remote that even the old Polynesians back on Tahiti knew nothing about it. Imagine Cook’s surprise, then, when the natives of Hawaii came paddling out in their canoes and greeted him in a familiar tongue, one he had heard on virtually every mote of inhabited land he had visited. Marvelling at the ubiquity of this Pacific language and culture, he later wondered in his journal: “How shall we account for this Nation spreading itself so far over this Vast ocean?”

Answers have been slow in coming. But now a startling archaeological find on the island of Éfaté, in the Pacific nation of Vanuatu, has revealed an ancient seafaring people, the distant ancestors of today’s Polynesians, taking their first steps into the unknown. The discoveries there have also opened a window into the shadowy world of those early voyagers. At the same time, other pieces of this human puzzle are turning up in unlikely places. Climate data gleaned from slow-growing corals around the Pacific and from sediments in alpine lakes in South America may help explain how, more than a thousand years later, the second wave of seafarers beat their way across the entire Pacific.

Within the span of few centuries, the Lapita stretched the boundaries of their world from the jungle-clad volcanoes of Papua New Guinea to the loneliest coral outliers of Tonga, at least 2,000 miles eastward in the Pacific. Along the way they explored millions of square miles of an unknown sea, discovering and colonizing scores of tropical islands never before seen by human eyes: Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa.

What little is known or surmised about them has been pieced together from fragments of pottery, animal bones, obsidian flakes, and such oblique sources as comparative linguistics and geochemistry. Although their voyages can be traced back to the northern islands of Papua New Guinea, their language – variants of which are still spoken across the Pacific – came from Taiwan. And their peculiar style of pottery decoration, created by pressing a carved stamp into the clay, probably had its roots in the northern Philippines. With the discovery of the Lapita cemetery on Éfaté, the volume of data available to researchers has expanded dramatically. The bones of at least 62 individuals have been uncovered so far – including old men, young women, even babies – and more skeletons are known to be in the ground. Archaeologists were also thrilled to discover six complete Lapita pots. It’s an important find, Spriggs says, for it conclusively identifies the remains as Lapita. “It would be hard for anyone to argue that these aren’t Lapita when you have human bones enshrined inside what is unmistakably a Lapita urn.”

Several lines of evidence also undergird Spriggs’s conclusion that this was a community of pioneers making their first voyages into the remote reaches of Oceania. For one thing, the radiocarbon dating of bones and charcoal places them early in the Lapita expansion. For another, the chemical makeup of the obsidian flakes littering the site indicates that the rock wasn’t local; instead, it was imported from a large island in Papua New Guinea’s the Bismarck Archipelago, the springboard for the Lapita’s thrust into the Pacific. A particularly intriguing clue comes from chemical tests on the teeth of several skeletons. DNA teased from these ancient bones may also help answer one of the most puzzling questions in Pacific anthropology: Did all Pacific islanders spring from one source or many? Was there only one outward migration from a single point in Asia, or several from different points? “This represents the best opportunity we’ve had yet,” says Spriggs, “to find out who the Lapita actually were, where they came from, and who their closest descendants are today.”

“There is one stubborn question for which archaeology has yet to provide any answers: How did the Lapita accomplish the ancient equivalent of a moon landing, many times over? No one has found one of their canoes or any rigging, which could reveal how the canoes were sailed. Nor do the oral histories and traditions of later Polynesians offer any insights, for they segue into myth long before they reach as far back in time as the Lapita.” All we can say for certain is that the Lapita had canoes that were capable of ocean voyages, and they had the ability to sail them,” says Geoff Irwin, a professor of archaeology at the University of Auckland and an avid yachtsman. Those sailing skills, he says, were developed and passed down over thousands of years by earlier mariners who worked their way through the archipelagoes of the western Pacific making short crossings to islands within sight of each other. Reaching Fiji, as they did a century or so later, meant crossing more than 500 miles of ocean, pressing on day after day into the great blue void of the Pacific. What gave them the courage to lunch out on such a risky voyage?

The Lapita’s thrust into the Pacific was eastward, against the prevailing trade winds, Irwin notes. Those nagging headwinds, he argues, may have been the key to their success. “They could sail out for days into the unknown and reconnoiter, secure in the knowledge that if they didn’t find anything, they could turn about and catch a swift ride home on the trade winds. It’s what made the whole thing work.” Once out there, skilled seafarers would detect abundant leads to follow to land: seabirds and turtles, coconuts and twigs carried out to sea by the tides and the afternoon pileup of clouds on the horizon that often betokens an island in the distance. Some islands may have broadcast their presence with far less subtlety than a cloud bank. Some of the most violent eruptions anywhere on the planet during the past 10,000 years occurred in Melanesia, which sits nervously in one of the most explosive volcanic regions on Earth. Even less spectacular eruptions would have sent plumes of smoke billowing into the stratosphere and rained ash for hundreds of miles. It’s possible that the Lapita saw these signs of distant islands and later sailed off in their direction, knowing they would find land. For returning explorers, successful or not, the geography of their own archipelagoes provided a safety net to keep them from overshooting their home ports and sailing off into eternity.

However they did it, the Lapita spread themselves a third of the way across the Pacific, the called it quits for reasons known only to them. Ahead lay the vast emptiness of the central Pacific, and perhaps they were too thinly stretched to venture farther. They probably never numbered more than a few thousand in total, and in their rapid migration eastward they encountered hundreds of islands – more than 300 in Fiji alone. Still, more than a millennium would pass before the Lapita’s descendants, a people we now call the Polynesians, struck out in search of new territory.

Questions 1-7

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement is true

FALSE if the statement is false

NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

1 Captain cook once expected Hawaii might speak another language of people from other pacific islands.

2 Captain cook depicted a number of cultural aspects of Polynesians in his journal.

3 Professor Spriggs and his research team went to the Efate to try to find the site of the ancient cemetery.

4 The Lapita completed a journey of around 2,000 miles in a period less than a centenary.

5 The Lapita were the first inhabitants in many pacific islands.

6 The unknown pots discovered in Efate had once been used for cooking.

7 The um buried in Efate site was plain as it was without any decoration.

Questions 8-10

Summary Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage Using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 8-10 on your answer sheet.

Scientific Evident found in Efate site

Tests show the human remains and the charcoal found in the buried um are from the start of the Lapita period. Yet The 8 …………………… covering many of the Efate sites did not come from that area. Then examinations carried out on the 9 …………………… discovered at Efate site reveal that not everyone buried there was a native living in the area. In fact, DNA could identify the Lapita’s nearest 10 …………………… present-days.

Questions 11-13

Answer the questions below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.

11 What did the Lapita travel in when they crossed the oceans?

12 In Irwins’s view, what would the Lapita have relied on to bring them fast back to the base?

13 Which sea creatures would have been an indication to the Lapita of where to find land?

READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-27 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

Memory and Age

Aging, it is now clear, is part of an ongoing maturation process that all our organs go through. “In a sense, aging is keyed to the level of the vigor of the body and the continuous interaction between levels of body activity and levels of mental activity,” reports Arnold B. Scheibel, M.D., whose very academic title reflects how once far-flung domains now converge on the mind and the brain. Scheibel is a professor of anatomy, cell biology, psychiatry, and behavioral sciences at the University of California at Los Angeles, and director of university’s Brain Research Institute. Experimental evidence has backed up popular assumptions that the aging mind undergoes decay analogous to that of the aging body. Younger monkeys, chimps, and lower animals consistently outperform their older colleagues on memory tests. In humans, psychologists concluded, memory and other mental functions deteriorate over time because of inevitable organic changes in the brain as neurons die off. The mental decline after young adulthood appeared inevitable.

Equipped with imaging techniques that capture the brain in action, Stanley Rapoport, Ph.D., at the National Institutes of Health, measured the flow of blood in the brains of old and young people as they went through the task of matching photos of faces. Since blood flow reflects neuronal activity, Rapoport could compare with networks of neurons were being used by different subjects. “Even when the reaction times of older and younger subjects were the same, the neural networks they used were significantly different. The older subjects were using different internal strategies to accomplish the same result in the same time,” Rapoport says. Either the task required greater effort on the part of the older subjects or the work of neurons originally involved in tasks of that type had been taken over by other neurons, creating different networks.

At the Georgia Institute of Technology, psychologist Timothy Salthouse, Ph.D., compared a group of very fast and accurate typists of college-age with another group in their 60s. since reaction time is faster in younger people and most people’s fingers grow less nimble with age, younger typists might be expected to tap right along while the older one’s fumble. But both typed 60 words a minute. The older typists, it turned out, achieved their speed with cunning little strategies that made them far more efficient than their younger counterparts: They made fewer finger movements, saving a fraction of a second here and there. They also read ahead in the text. The neural networks involved in typing appear to have been reshaped to compensate for losses in motor skills or other age changes.

“When a rat is kept in isolation without playmates or objects to interact with, the animal’s brain shrinks, but if we put that rat with 11 other rats in a large cage and give them an assortment of wheels, ladders, and other toys, we can show—after four days—significant differences in its brain,” says Diamond, professor of integrative biology. Proliferating dendrites first appear in the visual association areas. After a month in the enriched environment, the whole cerebral cortex has expanded, a has its blood supply. Even in the enriched environment, rats get bored unless the toys are varied. “Animals are just like we are. They need stimulation,” says Diamond.

One of the most profoundly important mental functions is memory-notorious for its failure with age. So important is a memory that the Charles A. Dana foundation recently spent $8.4 million to set up a consortium of leading medical centers to measure memory loss and aging through brain-imaging technology, neurochemical experiment, and cognitive and psychological tests. One thing, however, is already fairly clear—many aspects of memory are not a function of age at all but of education. Memory exists in more than one form. What we call knowledge—facts—is what psychologists such as Harry P. Bahrick, Ph.D., of Ohio Wesleyan University call semantic memory. Events, conversations, and occurrences in time and space, on the other hand, make up episodic or event memory, which is triggered by cues from the context. If you were around in 1963 you don’t need to be reminded of the circumstances surrounding the moment you heard that JFK had been assassinated. That event is etched into your episodic memory.

When you forget a less vivid item, like buying a roll of paper towels at the supermarket, you may blame it on your aging memory. It’s true that episodic memory begins to decline when most people are in their 50s, but it’s never perfect at any age. “Every memory begins as an event,” says Bahrick. “Through repetition, certain events leave behind a residue of knowledge or semantic memory. On a specific day in the past, somebody taught you that two and two are four, but you’ve been over that information so often you don’t remember where you learned it. What started as an episodic memory has become a permanent part of your knowledge base.” You remember the content, not the context. Our language knowledge, our knowledge of the world and of people, is largely that permanent or semi-permanent residue.

Probing the longevity of knowledge, Bahrick tested 1,000 high school graduates to see how well they recalled their algebra. Some had completed the course as recently as a month before, others as long as 50 years earlier. He also determined how long each person had studied algebra, the grade received, and how much the skill was used over the course of adulthood. Surprisingly, a person’s grasp of algebra at the time of testing did not depend on how long ago he’d taken the course—the determining factor was the duration of instruction. Those who had spent only a few months learning algebra forgot most of it within two or three years.

In another study, Bahrick discovered that people who had taken several courses in Spanish, spread out over a couple of years, could recall, decades later, 60 per cent or more of the vocabulary they learned. Those who took just one course retained only a trace after three years. “This long-term residue of knowledge remains stable over the decades, independent of the age of the person and the age of the memory. No serious deficit appears until people get to their 50s and 60s, probably due to the degenerative processes of aging rather than a cognitive loss.”

“You could say metamemory is a byproduct of going to school,” says psychologist Robert Kail, Ph.D., of Purdue University, who studies children from birth to 20 years, the time of life when mental development is most rapid. “The question-and-answer process, especially exam-taking, helps children learn—and also teaches them how their memory works. This may be one reason why, according to a broad range of studies in people over 60, the better educated a person is, the more likely they are to perform better in life and on psychological tests. A group of adult novice chess players were compared with a group of child experts at the game. In tests of their ability to remember a random series of numbers, the adults, as expected, outscored the children. But when asked to remember the patterns of chess pieces arranged on a board, the children won. “Because they’d played a lot of chess, their knowledge of chess was better organized than that of the adults, and their existing knowledge of chess served as a framework for new memory,” explains Kail.

Specialized knowledge is a mental resource that only improve with time. Crystallized intelligence about one’s occupation apparently does not decline at all until at least age 75, and if there is no disease or dementia, may remain even longer. Special knowledge is often organized by a process called “chunking.” If procedure A and procedure B are always done together, for example, the mind may merge them into a single command. When you apply yourself to a specific interest—say, cooking—you build increasingly elaborate knowledge structures that let you do more and do it better. This ability, which is tied to experience, is the essence of expertise. Vocabulary is one such specialized form of accrued knowledge. Research clearly shows that vocabulary improves with time. Retired professionals, especially teachers and journalists, consistently score higher on tests of vocabulary and general information than college students, who are supposed to be in their mental prime.

Questions 14-17

Choose the correct letter A , B , C or D . Write your answers in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.

14 What does the experiment of typist show in the passage?

A Old people reading ability is superior

B Losses of age is irreversible

C Seasoned tactics made elders more efficient

D Old people performed poorly in the driving test

15 Which is correct about rat experiment?

A Different toys have a different effect on rats

B Rat’s brain weight increased in both cages.

C Isolated rat’s brain grows new connections

D Boring and complicated surroundings affect brain development

16 What can be concluded in a chess game of children group?

A They won a game with adults.

B Their organization of chess knowledge is better

C Their image memory is better than adults

D They used a different part of the brain when playing chess

17 What is the author’s purpose of using “vocabulary study” at the end of the passage?

A Certain people are sensitive to vocabularies while others aren’t

B Teachers and professionals won by their experience

C Vocabulary memory as a crystallized intelligence is hard to decline

D Old people use their special zone of the brain when the study

Question 18-23

Summary Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage

Using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 18-23 on your answer sheet.

It’s long been known that as one significant mental function, 18 …………………….deteriorates with age. Charles A. Dana foundation invested millions of dollars to test memory decline. They used advanced technology, neurochemical experiments and ran several cognitive and 19 …………………… experiments. Bahrick called one form “ 20 ………………………..”, which describes factual knowledge. Another one called “ 21 ………………………” contains events in time and space format. He conducted two experiments toward to knowledge memory’s longevity, he asked 1000 candidates some knowledge of 22 ……………………., some could even remember it decades ago. Second research of Spanish course found that multiple courses participants could remember more than half of 23 ………………………. They learned after decades, whereas single course taker only remembered as short as 3 years.

Questions 24-27

Use the information in the passage to match the people (listed A-F ) with opinions or deeds below.

Write the appropriate letters A-F in boxes 24-27 on your answer sheet.

A Harry P. Bahrick B Arnold B. Scheibel C Marion Diamond D Timothy Salthouse E Stanley Rapport F Robert Kail

24 Examined both young and old’s blood circulation of the brain while testing.

25 Aging is a significant link between physical and mental activity.

26 Some semantic memory of an event would not fade away after repetition.

27 Rat’s brain developed when putting in a diverse environment.

READING PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

Facial expression 1

A facial expression is one or more motions or positions of the muscles in the skin. These movements convey the emotional state of the individual to observers. Facial expressions are a form of nonverbal communication. They are a primary means of conveying social information among aliens, but also occur in most other mammals and some other animal species. Facial expressions and their significance in the perceiver can, to some extent, vary between cultures with evidence from descriptions in the works of Charles Darwin.

Humans can adopt a facial expression to read as a voluntary action. However, because expressions are closely tied to emotion, they are more often involuntary. It can be nearly impossible to avoid expressions for certain emotions, even when it would be strongly desirable to do so; a person who is trying to avoid insulting an individual he or she finds highly unattractive might, nevertheless, show a brief expression of disgust before being able to reassume a neutral expression. Microexpressions are one example of this phenomenon. The close link between emotion and expression can also work in the order direction; it has been observed that voluntarily assuming an expression can actually cause the associated emotion.

Some expressions can be accurately interpreted even between members of different species – anger and extreme contentment being the primary examples. Others, however, are difficult to interpret even in familiar individuals. For instance, disgust and fear can be tough to tell apart. Because faces have only a limited range of movement, expressions rely upon fairly minuscule differences in the proportion and relative position of facial features, and reading them requires considerable sensitivity to the same. Some faces are often falsely read as expressing some emotion, even when they are neutral because their proportions naturally resemble those another face would temporarily assume when emoting.

Also, a person’s eyes reveal much about hos they are feeling, or what they are thinking. Blink rate can reveal how nervous or at ease a person maybe. Research by Boston College professor Joe Tecce suggests that stress levels are revealed by blink rates. He supports his data with statistics on the relation between the blink rates of presidential candidates and their success in their races. Tecce claims that the faster blinker in the presidential debates has lost every election since 1980. Though Tecce’s data is interesting, it is important to recognize that non-verbal communication is multi-channelled, and focusing on only one aspect is reckless. Nervousness can also be measured by examining each candidates’ perspiration, eye contact and stiffness.

As Charles Darwin noted in his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals: the young and the old of widely different races, both with man and animals, express the same state of mind by the same movements. Still, up to the mid-20th century, most anthropologists believed that facial expressions were entirely learned and could, therefore, differ among cultures. Studies conducted in the 1960s by Paul Ekman eventually supported Darwin’s belief to a large degree.

Ekman’s work on facial expressions had its starting point in the work of psychologist Silvan Tomkins. Ekman showed that contrary to the belief of some anthropologists including Margaret Mead, facial expressions of emotion are not culturally determined, but universal across human cultures. The South Fore people of New Guinea were chosen as subjects for one such survey. The study consisted of 189 adults and 130 children from among a very isolated population, as well as twenty-three members of the culture who lived a less isolated lifestyle as a control group. Participants were told a story that described one particular emotion; they were then shown three pictures (two for children) of facial expressions and asked to match the picture which expressed the story’s emotion.

While the isolated South Fore people could identify emotions with the same accuracy as the non-isolated control group, problems associated with the study include the fact that both fear and surprise were constantly misidentified. The study concluded that certain facial expressions correspond to particular emotions and can not be covered, regardless of cultural background, and regardless of whether or not the culture has been isolated or exposed to the mainstream.

Expressions Ekman found to be universally included those indicating anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, and surprise (not that none of these emotions has a definitive social component, such as shame, pride, or schadenfreude). Findings on contempt (which is social) are less clear, though there is at least some preliminary evidence that this emotion and its expression are universally recognized. This may suggest that the facial expressions are largely related to the mind and each part on the face can express specific emotion.

Questions 28-32

Summary Complete the Summary paragraph below. In boxes 28-32 on your answer sheet, write the correct answer with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS

The result of Ekman’s study demonstrates that fear and surprise are persistently 28 …………………… and made a conclusion that some facial expressions have something to do with certain 29 …………………. Which is impossible covered, despite of 30………………….. and whether the culture has been 31 …………………… or 32 ………………………. to the mainstream.

Questions 33-38

The reading Passage has seven paragraphs A-H Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter A-H , in boxes 33-38 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once .

33 the difficulty identifying the actual meaning of facial expressions

34 the importance of culture on facial expressions is initially described

35 collected data for the research on the relation between blink and the success in elections

36 the features on the sociality of several facial expressions

37 an indicator to reflect one’s extent of nervousness

38 the relation between emotion and facial expressions

Questions 39-40

Choose two letters from the A-E Write your answers in boxes 39-40 on your answer sheet Which Two of the following statements are true according to Ekman’s theory?

A No evidence shows animals have their own facial expressions.

B The potential relationship between facial expression and state of mind exists

C Facial expressions are concerning different cultures.

D Different areas on face convey a certain state of mind.

E Mind controls men’s facial expressions more obvious than women’s

Reading Test 3

Reading test 5, answer reading test 4.

4. NOT GIVEN

6. NOT GIVEN

10. descendants

12. trade winds

13. seabirds and turtles

19. psychological

20. semantic memory

21. episodic memory/event memory

22. algebra

23. vocabulary

28. misidentified

29. emotions

30. cultural background

31. isolated

32. exposed

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Voyage of Going Beyond the Blue Line 2

BOOK NAME- IELTS Reading Recent Actual tests Vol 4

TEST 3 (THREE) ACADEMIC READING

PASSAGE 1 (ONE) Questions 1-13

PASSAGE 2 (TWO) Questions 14-26

PASSAGE 3 (THEE) Questions 27-40

IELTS Recent Mock Tests Volume 4

Published on: 29 Nov 2017
Tests taken: 1,937,583

Answer Keys:

Part 1: Question 1 - 13

4 NOT GIVEN
6 NOT GIVEN
10 descendants
12 (the) trade winds
13 seabirds and turtles

Part 2: Question 14 - 26

15 NOT GIVEN
23 scalp electrodes
24 inspiration and elaboration
25 alpha wave activity
26 difference

Part 3: Question 27 - 40

37 plant toxins
38 reproductive/birth

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剑桥雅思4听力原文-TEST2

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Review & Explanations:

Questions 1-7

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage?

In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write

1 YES NO NOT GIVEN Captain cook once expected the Hawaii might speak another language of people from other pacific islands.

2 YES NO NOT GIVEN Captain cook depicted number of cultural aspects of Polynesians in his journal.

3 YES NO NOT GIVEN Professor Spriggs and his research team went to the Efate to try to find the site of ancient cemetery.

4 YES NO NOT GIVEN The Lapita completed a journey of around 2,000 miles in a period less than a centenary.

5 YES NO NOT GIVEN The Lapita were the first inhabitants in many pacific islands.

6 YES NO NOT GIVEN The unknown pots discovered in Efate had once been used for cooking.

7 YES NO NOT GIVEN The urn buried in Efate site was plain as it was without any decoration.

Questions 8-10

Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 8-10 on your answer sheet.

Questions 11-13

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.

What did the Lapita travel in when they crossed the oceans?

In Irwins's view, what would the Latipa have relied on to bring them fast back to the base?

Which sea creatures would have been an indication to the Lapita of where to find land?

Questions 14-17

In boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet, write

14 TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN High IQ guarantees better creative ability in one person than that who achieves an average score in an IQ test.

15 TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN In a competitive society, individuals’ language proficiency is more important than other abilities.

16 TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN A wider range of resources and knowledge can be integrated by more creative people into bringing about creative approaches.

17 TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN A creative person not necessarily suffers more mental illness.

Questions 18-22

Use the information in the passage to match the people (listed A-F ) with opinions or deeds below.

Write the appropriate letters A-F in boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet.

18 A B C D E F Instead of producing the negative mood, a shift of mood state might be the one important factor of inducing a creative thinking.

19 A B C D E F Where the more positive moods individuals achieve, there is higher creativity in organizations.

20 A B C D E F Good interpersonal relationship and trust contribute to a person with more creativity.

21 A B C D E F Creativity demands an ability that can easily change among different kinds of thinking.

22 A B C D E F Certain creative mind can be upgraded if we are put into more practice in assessing and processing ideas.

Questions 23-26

Complete the summary paragraph described below. In boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet, write the correct answer with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS .

But what of the creative act itself? In 1978, Colin Martindale made records of pattern of brain waves as people made up stories by applying a system constituted of many 23 . The two phrases of creativity, such as 24 were found. While people were still planning their stories, their brains shows little active sign and the mental activity was showed a very relaxed state as the same sort of brain activity as in sleep, dreaming or rest. However, experiment proved the signal of 25 went down and the brain became busier, revealing increased cortical arousal, when these people who were in a laidback state were required to produce their stories. Strikingly, it was found the person who was perceived to have the greatest 26 in brain activity between two stages, produced storylines with highest level of creativity.

Questions 27-32

The reading Passage has eight paragraphs A-H .

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter A-H , in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.

27 A B C D E F G H A reference of rate of reduction in forest habitats

28 A B C D E F G H An area where only one species of monkey survived while other two species vanished

29 A B C D E F G H A reason for howler monkey of choose new leaves as food over old ones

30 A B C D E F G H Mention to howler monkey’s diet and eating habits

31 A B C D E F G H A reference of asking farmers’ changing attitude toward wildlife

32 A B C D E F G H The advantage for howler monkey’s flexibility living in a segmented habitat

Questions 33-35

Look at the following places and the list of descriptions below.

Match each description with the correct place, A-E .

Write the correct letter, A-E , in boxes 33-35 on your answer sheet.

33 A B C D E A place where howler monkeys benefit to the local region’s agriculture

34 A B C D E A place where it is the original home for all three native monkeys

35 A B C D E A place where capuchins monkey comes for a better habitat

Questions 36-40

Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet.

The reasons why howler monkeys survive better in local region than other two species

Howlers live between in La Pacifica since they can feed themselves with leaves when 36 is not easily found
Howlers have better ability to alleviate the 37 , which old and young trees used to protect themselves
When compared to that of spider monkeys and capuchin monkeys, the 38 rate of howlers is relatively faster (round for just every 2 years).
The monkeys can survive away from open streams and water holes as the leaves howlers eat hold high content of 39 , which helps them to resist the continuous 40 in Guanacaste.

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 , which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

Voyage of Going: beyond the blue line 2

A One feels a certain sympathy for Captain James Cook on the day in 1778 that he "discovered" Hawaii. Then on his third expedition to the Pacific, the British navigator had explored scores of islands across the breadth of the sea, from lush New Zealand to the lonely wastes of Easter Island. This latest voyage had taken him thousands of miles north from the Society Islands to an archipelago so remote that even the old Polynesians back on Tahiti knew nothing about it. Imagine Cook's surprise, then, when the natives of Hawaii came paddling out in their canoes and greeted him in a familiar tongue, one he had heard on virtually every mote of inhabited land he had visited . Marveling at the ubiquity of this Pacific language and culture, he later wondered in his journal: "How shall we account for this Nation spreading it self so far over this Vast ocean?"

B Answers have been slow in coming. But now a startling archaeological find on the island of Efate, in the Pacific nation of Vanuatu, has revealed an ancient seafaring people, the distant ancestors of today's Polynesians, taking their first steps into the unknown. The discoveries there have also opened a window into the shadowy world of those early voyagers. At the same time, other pieces of this human puzzle are turning up in unlikely places. Climate data gleaned from slow-growing corals around the Pacific and from sediments in alpine lakes in South America may help explain how, more than a thousand years later, a second wave of seafarers beat their way across the entire Pacific.

C "What we have is a first- or second-generation site containing the graves of some of the Pacific's first explorers," says Spriggs, professor of archaeology at the Australian National University and co-leader of an international team excavating the site. It came to light only by luck . A backhoe operator, digging up topsoil on the grounds of a derelict coconut plantation, scraped open a grave - the first of dozens in a burial ground some 3,000 years old. It is the oldest cemetery ever found in the Pacific islands, and it harbors the bones of an ancient people archaeologists call the Lapita, a label that derives from a beach in New Caledonia where a landmark cache of their pottery was found in the 1950s. They were daring blue-water adventurers who roved the sea not just as explorers but also as pioneers, bringing along everything they would need to build new lives - their families and livestock, taro seedlings and stone tools.

E What little is known or surmised about them has been pieced together from fragments of pottery, animal bones, obsidian flakes, and such oblique sources as comparative linguistics and geochemistry. Although their voyages can be traced back to the northern islands of Papua New Guinea, their language - variants of which are still spoken across the Pacific - came from Taiwan. And their peculiar style of pottery decoration, created by pressing a carved stamp into the clay, probably had its roots in the northern Philippines. With the discovery of the Lapita cemetery on Efate, the volume of data available to researchers has expanded dramatically. The bones of at least 62 individuals have been uncovered so far - including old men, young women, even babies - and more skeletons are known to be in the ground. Archaeologists were also thrilled to discover six complete Lapita pots; before this, only four had ever been found. Other discoveries included a burial urn with modeled birds arranged on the rim as though peering down at the human bones sealed inside. It's an important find, Spriggs says, for it conclusively identifies the remains as Lapita. "It would be hard for anyone to argue that these aren't Lapita when you have human bones enshrined inside what is unmistakably a Lapita urn."

F Several lines of evidence also undergird Spriggs's conclusion that this was a community of pioneers making their first voyages into the remote reaches of Oceania. For one thing, the radiocarbon dating of bones and charcoal places them early in the Lapita expansion. For another, the chemical makeup of the obsidian flakes littering the site indicates that the rock wasn't local ; instead it was imported from a large island in Papua New Guinea's Bismarck Archipelago, the springboard for the Lapita's thrust into the Pacific. A particularly intriguing clue comes from chemical tests on the teeth of several skeletons. DNA teased from these ancient bones may also help answer one of the most puzzling questions in Pacific anthropology: Did all Pacific islanders spring from one source or many? Was there only one outward migration from a single point in Asia, or several from different points? "This represents the best opportunity we've had yet," says Spriggs, "to find out who the Lapita actually were, where they came from, and who their closest descendants are today ."

G There is one stubborn question for which archaeology has yet to provide any answers: How did the Lapita accomplish the ancient equivalent of a moon landing, many times over? No one has found one of their canoes or any rigging, which could reveal how the canoes were sailed. Nor do the oral histories and traditions of later Polynesians offer any insights, for they segue into myth long before they reach as far back in time as the Lapita. " All we can say for certain is that the Lapita had canoes that were capable of ocean voyages , and they had the ability to sail them," says Geoff Irwin, a professor of archaeology at the University of Auckland and an avid yachtsman. Those sailing skills, he says, were developed and passed down over thousands of years by earlier mariners who worked their way through the archipelagoes of the western Pacific making short crossings to islands within sight of each other. Reaching Fiji, as they did a century or so later, meant crossing more than 500 miles of ocean, pressing on day after day into the great blue void of the Pacific. What gave them the courage to launch out on such a risky voyage?

H The Lapita's thrust into the Pacific was eastward, against the prevailing trade winds, Irwin notes. Those nagging headwinds, he argues, may have been the key to their success. "They could sail out for days into the unknown and reconnoiter, secure in the knowledge that if they didn't find anything, they could turn about and catch a swift ride home on the trade winds. It's what made the whole thing work." Once out there, skilled seafarers would detect abundant leads to follow to land: seabirds and turtles, coconuts and twigs carried out to sea by the tides, and the afternoon pileup of clouds on the horizon that often betokens an island in the distance. Some islands may have broadcast their presence with far less subtlety than a cloud bank. Some of the most violent eruptions anywhere on the planet during the past 10,000 years occurred in Melanesia, which sits nervously in one of the most explosive volcanic regions on Earth. Even less spectacular eruptions would have sent plumes of smoke billowing into the stratosphere and rained ash for hundreds of miles. It's possible that the Lapita saw these signs of distant islands and later sailed off in their direction, knowing they would find land. For returning explorers, successful or not, the geography of their own archipelagoes provided a safety net to keep them from overshooting their home ports and sailing off into eternity.

I However they did it, the Lapita spread themselves a third of the way across the Pacific, then called it quits for reasons known only to them. Ahead lay the vast emptiness of the central Pacific, and perhaps they were too thinly stretched to venture farther. They probably never numbered more than a few thousand in total, and in their rapid migration eastward they encountered hundreds of islands - more than 300 in Fiji alone. Still, more than a millennium would pass before the Lapita's descendants, a people we now call the Polynesians, struck out in search of new territory.

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Great thanks to volunteer Trương Nhật Minh who has contributed these explanations and markings.

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READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-27 , which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

Does An IQ Test Prove Creativity?

A In the early 1970s, creativity was still seen as a type of intelligence. But when more subtle tests of IQ and creative skills were developed in the 1970s, particularly by the father of creativity testing, Paul Torrance, it became clear that the link was not so simple. Creative people are intelligent, in terms of IQ tests at least, but only averagely or just above . While it depends on the discipline, in general beyond a certain level IQ does not help boost creativity; it is necessary but not sufficient to make someone creative.

C But there may be a price to pay for having a creative personality. For centuries, a link has been made between creativity and mental illness.Psychiatrist Jamison of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, found that established artists are significantly more likely to have mood disorders. But she also suggests that a change of mood state might be the key to triggering a creative event, rather than the negative mood itself . Intelligence can help channel this thought style into great creativity, but when combined with emotional problems, lateral, divergent or open thinking can lead to mental illness instead.

E But what of the creative act itself? One of the first studies of the creative brain at work was by Colin Martindale, a psychologist from the University of Maine in Orono. Back in 1978, he used a network of scalp electrodes to record an electroencephalogram ,a record of the pattern of brain waves, as people made up stories. Creativity has two stages: inspiration and elaboration , each characterised by very different states of mind. While people were dreaming up their stories, he found their brains were surprisingly quiet. The dominant activity was alpha waves, indicating a very low level of cortical arousal: a relaxed state, as though the conscious mind was quiet while the brain was making connections behind the scenes. It's the same sort of brain activity as in some stages of sleep, dreaming or rest, which could explain why sleep and relaxation can help people be creative. However, when these quiet minded people were asked to work on their stories, the alpha wave activity dropped off and the brain became busier, revealing increased cortical arousal, more corralling of activity and more organised thinking. Strikingly, it was the people who showed the biggest difference in brain activity between the inspiration and development stages who produced the most creative storylines. Nothing in their background brain activity marked them as creative or uncreative. “It's as if the less creative person can't shift gear,” says Guy Claxton, a psychologist at the University of Bristol, UK. “Creativity requires different kinds of thinking. Very creative people move between these states intuitively.” Creativity, it seems, is about mental flexibility: perhaps not a two-step process, but a toggling between two states. In a later study, Martindale found that communication between the sides of the brain is also important.

G And creativity need not always be a solitary, tortured affair, according to Teresa Amabile of Harvard Business School. Though there is a slight association between solitary writing or painting and negative moods or emotional disturbances, scientific creativity and workplace creativity seem much more likely to occur when people are positive and buoyant. In a decade-long study of real businesses, to be published soon, Amabile found that positive moods relate positively to creativity in organisations, and that the relationship is a simple linear one. Creative thought also improves people's moods, her team found, so the process is circular. Time pressures, financial pressures and hard-earned bonus schemes on the other hand, do not boost workplace creativity: internal motivation, not coercion, produces the best work.

Great thanks to volunteer Trần Văn Duy Thái who has contributed these explanations and markings.

READING PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-40 , which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

Monkeys and Forests

AS AN EAST WIND blasts through a gap in the Cordillera de Tilaran, a rugged mountain range that splits northern Costa Rica in half, a female mantled howler monkey moves through the swaying trees of the forest canopy.

A. Ken Glander, a primatologist from Duke University, gazes into the canopy, tracking the female’s movements. Holding a dart gun, he waits with infinite patience for the right moment to shoot. With great care, Glander aims and fires. Hit in the rump, the monkey wobbles. This howler belongs to a population that has lived for decades at Hacienda La Pacifica, a working cattle ranch in Guanacaste province. Other native primates -white-faced capuchin monkeys and spider monkeys - once were common in this area, too, but vanished after the Pan-American Highway was built nearby in the 1950s. Most of the surrounding land was clear-cut for pasture.

D. The value of maturing forests to primates is a subject of study at Santa Rosa National Park, about 35 miles northwest of Hacienda La Pacifica. The park hosts populations not only of mantled howlers but also of white-faced capuchins and spider monkeys. Yet the forests there are young, most of them less than 50 years old. Capuchins were the first to begin using the reborn forests, when the trees were as young as 14 years . Howlers, larger and heavier than capuchins, need somewhat older trees, with limbs that can support their greater body weight. A working ranch at Hacienda La Pacifica also explain their population boom in Santa Rosa. “Howlers are more resilient than capuchins and spider monkeys for several reasons,” Fedigan explains. “They can live within a small home range, as long as the trees have the right food for them. Spider monkeys, on the other hand, occupy a huge home range, so they can’t make it in fragmented habitat.”

F. The leaves howlers eat hold plenty of water , so the monkeys can survive away from open streams and water holes. This ability gives them a real advantage over capuchin and spider monkeys, which have suffered during the long, ongoing drought in Guanacaste.

G. Growing human population pressures in Central and South America have led to persistent destruction of forests. During the 1990s, about 1.1 million acres of Central American forest were felled yearly. Alejandro Estrada, an ecologist at Estacion de Biologia Los Tuxtlas in Veracruz, Mexico, has been exploring how monkeys survive in a landscape increasingly shaped by humans. He and his colleagues recently studied the ecology of a group of mantled howler monkeys that thrive in a habitat completely altered by humans: a cacao plantation in Tabasco, Mexico . Like many varieties of coffee, cacao plants need shade to grow, so 40 years ago the landowners planted fig, monkey pod and other tall trees to form a protective canopy over their crop. The howlers moved in about 25 years ago after nearby forests were cut. This strange habitat, a hodgepodge of cultivated native and exotic plants, seems to support about as many monkeys as would a same-sized patch of wild forest. The howlers eat the leaves and fruit of the shade trees, leaving the valuable cacao pods alone, so the farmers tolerate them.

Great thanks to volunteer Truong Nhat Minh who has contributed these explanations and markings.

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Dịch đề & phân tích đáp án IELTS Reading trong Actual Test Vol 4 Test 3

Passage 1: voyage of going: beyond the blue line 2, 1. bài đọc & bản dịch tiếng việt .

Voyage of Going: beyond the blue line

Hành trình vượt qua vạch xanh

Người ta cảm thấy có một sự đồng cảm nhất định với Thuyền trưởng James Cook vào ngày năm 1778 khi ông “khám phá” ra Hawaii. Sau đó, trong chuyến thám hiểm thứ ba của mình tới Thái Bình Dương, nhà hàng hải người Anh đã khám phá rất nhiều hòn đảo trên khắp chiều rộng của biển, từ New Zealand tươi tốt cho đến những vùng hoang vu cô đơn của Đảo Phục Sinh. Chuyến đi mới nhất này đã đưa anh đi hàng nghìn dặm về phía bắc từ Quần đảo Society đến một quần đảo xa xôi đến nỗi ngay cả những người Polynesia cổ xưa ở Tahiti cũng không biết gì về nó. Sau đó, hãy hình dung sự ngạc nhiên của Cook khi những người bản xứ Hawaii chèo xuồng ra khơi và chào đón ông bằng một thứ ngôn ngữ quen thuộc, thứ ngôn ngữ mà ông đã nghe gần như ở mọi vùng đất có người ở mà ông đã đến thăm. Ngạc nhiên trước sự phổ biến của ngôn ngữ và văn hóa Thái Bình Dương này, sau đó, ông đã tự hỏi trong nhật ký của mình: “Làm thế nào chúng ta giải thích được Quốc gia này đang lan rộng đến thế trên đại dương bao la?”

Câu trả lời đã dần xuất hiện. Nhưng giờ đây, một phát hiện khảo cổ đáng kinh ngạc trên đảo Efate, thuộc quốc gia Vanuatu ở Thái Bình Dương, đã tiết lộ một tộc người đi biển cổ đại, tổ tiên xa xôi của người Polynesia ngày nay, đang đặt những bước đầu tiên vào thế giới vô định. Những khám phá ở đó cũng đã mở ra một cửa sổ vào thế giới mờ ảo của những người du hành đầu tiên. Đồng thời, những mảnh ghép khác của câu đố này đang xuất hiện ở nhiều nơi. Dữ liệu khí hậu thu thập được từ san hô phát triển chậm quanh Thái Bình Dương và từ trầm tích trong các hồ trên núi cao ở Nam Mỹ có thể giúp giải thích làm thế nào, hơn một nghìn năm sau, một làn sóng người đi biển thứ hai đã vượt qua toàn bộ Thái Bình Dương.

Spriggs, giáo sư khảo cổ học tại Đại học Quốc gia Úc và là đồng lãnh đạo của một nhóm quốc tế khai quật địa điểm cho biết: “Những gì chúng tôi có là một địa điểm thế hệ thứ nhất hoặc thế hệ thứ hai chứa mộ của một số nhà thám hiểm đầu tiên của Thái Bình Dương. Nó chỉ được phát hiện nhờ may mắn. Một người điều khiển máy xúc đào đất trên mặt đất của một đồn điền dừa bỏ hoang , đã cạo mở một ngôi mộ – ngôi mộ đầu tiên trong số hàng chục ngôi mộ trong một khu chôn cất khoảng 3.000 năm tuổi. Đây là nghĩa trang lâu đời nhất từng được tìm thấy ở các đảo Thái Bình Dương và là nơi chôn cất xương của một người cổ đại mà các nhà khảo cổ học gọi là Lapita, một cái tên bắt nguồn từ một bãi biển ở New Caledonia, nơi tìm thấy một bộ đệm gốm của họ vào những năm 1950. Họ là những nhà thám hiểm vùng biển xanh táo bạo, những người rong ruổi trên biển không chỉ với tư cách là nhà thám hiểm mà còn là người tiên phong, mang theo mọi thứ họ cần để xây dựng cuộc sống mới – gia đình và gia súc , cây giống khoai môn và công cụ bằng đá.

Trong khoảng thời gian vài thế kỷ, người Lapita đã mở rộng ranh giới thế giới của họ từ những ngọn núi lửa bao phủ bởi rừng rậm ở Papua New Guinea đến những vùng san hô cô đơn nhất ở Tonga, ít nhất 2.000 dặm về phía đông ở Thái Bình Dương. Trên đường đi, họ khám phá hàng triệu dặm vuông vùng biển chưa từng được biết đến, khám phá và định cư ở nhiều hòn đảo nhiệt đới chưa từng thấy trước đây bằng mắt người: Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa.

Những gì ít được biết đến hoặc phỏng đoán về chúng đã được ghép lại với nhau từ các mảnh gốm, xương động vật, mảnh đá vỏ chai và các nguồn xiên như ngôn ngữ học so sánh và địa hóa học. Mặc dù các chuyến đi của họ có thể bắt nguồn từ các hòn đảo phía bắc của Papua New Guinea, nhưng ngôn ngữ của họ – các biến thể vẫn được sử dụng trên khắp Thái Bình Dương – đến từ Đài Loan. Và phong cách trang trí đồ gốm đặc biệt của họ, được tạo ra bằng cách ấn một con tem chạm khắc vào đất sét, có lẽ bắt nguồn từ miền bắc Philippines. Với việc phát hiện ra nghĩa trang Lapita trên Efate, khối lượng dữ liệu có sẵn cho các nhà nghiên cứu đã tăng lên đáng kể. Cho đến nay, xương của ít nhất 62 cá thể đã được phát hiện – bao gồm cả người già, phụ nữ trẻ, thậm chí cả trẻ sơ sinh – và nhiều bộ xương khác được biết là nằm trong lòng đất. Các nhà khảo cổ cũng rất vui mừng khi phát hiện ra sáu chiếc bình Lapita hoàn chỉnh; trước đó, chỉ có bốn chiếc từng được tìm thấy. Những khám phá khác bao gồm một chiếc bình chôn cất với những con chim mô hình được sắp xếp trên vành như thể đang nhìn xuống xương người được niêm phong bên trong. Spriggs nói, đây là một phát hiện quan trọng vì nó xác định chắc chắn hài cốt là Lapita. “Sẽ khó có ai tranh luận rằng đây không phải là Lapita khi bạn có xương người được cất giữ bên trong thứ không thể nhầm lẫn là một chiếc bình Lapita.”

Một số bằng chứng cũng củng cố kết luận của Spriggs rằng đây là một cộng đồng những người tiên phong thực hiện chuyến hành trình đầu tiên của họ đến những vùng đất xa xôi của Châu Đại Dương. Việc xác định niên đại bằng carbon phóng xạ của xương và than xác định chúng xuất hiện khá sớm trong quá trình mở rộng Lapita. Mặt khác, thành phần hóa học của các mảnh đá vỏ chai vương vãi khắp địa điểm cho thấy rằng đá không phải là đá địa phương; thay vào đó, nó được nhập khẩu từ một hòn đảo lớn ở Quần đảo Bismarck của Papua New Guinea, bàn đạp để tàu Lapita tiến vào Thái Bình Dương. Một manh mối đặc biệt hấp dẫn đến từ các thử nghiệm hóa học trên răng của một số bộ xương. DNA lấy từ những xương cổ xưa này cũng có thể giúp trả lời một trong những câu hỏi khó hiểu nhất trong nhân chủng học Thái Bình Dương: Có phải tất cả cư dân đảo Thái Bình Dương đều đến từ một nguồn hay nhiều nguồn? Có phải chỉ có một cuộc di cư ra nước ngoài từ một điểm duy nhất ở Châu Á hay một số cuộc di cư từ các điểm khác nhau? Spriggs nói: “Đây là cơ hội tốt nhất mà chúng tôi từng có để tìm ra người Lapita thực sự là ai, họ đến từ đâu và hậu duệ gần nhất của họ ngày nay là ai.”

Có một câu hỏi hóc búa mà khảo cổ học vẫn chưa đưa ra bất kỳ câu trả lời nào: Làm thế nào mà người Lapita đã thực hiện được nhiều lần nhiệm vụ tương đương với việc hạ cánh xuống mặt trăng trong thời cổ đại? Không ai tìm thấy một trong những chiếc ca nô của họ hoặc bất kỳ giàn khoan nào có thể tiết lộ cách những chiếc ca nô đã ra khơi. Lịch sử và truyền thống truyền miệng của những người Polynesia sau này cũng không cung cấp bất kỳ hiểu biết sâu sắc nào, vì họ đã biến thành huyền thoại từ lâu trước khi họ quay ngược thời gian xa như người Lapita. Geoff Irwin, giáo sư khảo cổ học tại Đại học Auckland và là một người đam mê du thuyền cho biết: “Tất cả những gì chúng tôi có thể nói chắc chắn là người Lapita có những chiếc ca nô có khả năng thực hiện các chuyến đi biển và họ có khả năng chèo thuyền”. Ông nói, những kỹ năng chèo thuyền đó đã được phát triển và truyền lại qua hàng nghìn năm bởi những người đi biển trước đó, những người đã đi qua các quần đảo ở phía tây Thái Bình Dương, thực hiện các chuyến đi ngắn đến các đảo trong tầm nhìn của nhau. Tiếp cận Fiji, như họ đã làm một thế kỷ sau đó, có nghĩa là vượt qua hơn 500 dặm đại dương, ngày này qua ngày khác tiến vào khoảng không xanh bao la của Thái Bình Dương. Điều gì đã cho họ can đảm để thực hiện một chuyến đi mạo hiểm như vậy?

The Lapita’s thrust into the Pacific was eastward, against the prevailing trade winds, Irwin notes. Those nagging headwinds, he argues, may have been the key to their success. “They could sail out for days into the unknown and reconnoiter , secure in the knowledge that if they didn’t find anything, they could turn about and catch a swift ride home on the trade winds. It’s what made the whole thing work.” Once out there, skilled seafarers would detect abundant leads to follow to land: seabirds and turtles, coconuts and twigs carried out to sea by the tides, and the afternoon pileup of clouds on the horizon that often betokens an island in the distance. Some islands may have broadcast their presence with far less subtlety than a cloud bank. Some of the most violent eruptions anywhere on the planet during the past 10,000 years occurred in Melanesia, which sits nervously in one of the most explosive volcanic regions on Earth. Even less spectacular eruptions would have sent plumes of smoke billowing into the stratosphere and rained ash for hundreds of miles. It’s possible that the Lapita saw these signs of distant islands and later sailed off in their direction, knowing they would find land. For returning explorers, successful or not, the geography of their own archipelagoes provided a safety net to keep them from overshooting their home ports and sailing off into eternity .

Irwin lưu ý rằng lực đẩy của Lapita vào Thái Bình Dương là về phía đông, chống lại những cơn gió mậu dịch thịnh hành. Ông lập luận rằng những cơn gió ngược dai dẳng đó có thể là chìa khóa thành công của họ. “Họ có thể chèo thuyền ra khơi trong nhiều ngày đến nơi không ai biết và do thám , đảm bảo rằng nếu họ không tìm thấy bất cứ thứ gì, họ có thể quay lại và bắt một chuyến đi nhanh về nhà theo gió mậu dịch. Khi đã ra khỏi đó, những người đi biển lành nghề sẽ phát hiện ra rất nhiều đường dẫn để đi vào đất liền: chim biển và rùa, dừa và cành cây bị thủy triều cuốn ra biển, và những đám mây chất đống vào buổi chiều ở đường chân trời thường báo hiệu một hòn đảo ở phía xa. Một số hòn đảo có thể đã phát đi sự hiện diện của chúng kém tinh tế hơn nhiều so với một dải mây. Một số vụ phun trào dữ dội nhất ở bất kỳ nơi nào trên hành tinh trong 10.000 năm qua đã xảy ra ở Melanesia, nằm ở một trong những khu vực núi lửa dễ nổ nhất trên Trái đất. Ngay cả những vụ phun trào ít ngoạn mục hơn cũng có thể tạo nên những cột khói cuồn cuộn vào tầng bình lưu và mưa tro bụi trong hàng trăm dặm. Có thể người Lapita đã nhìn thấy những dấu hiệu này của những hòn đảo xa xôi và sau đó đi thuyền về hướng của họ, biết rằng họ sẽ tìm thấy đất liền. Đối với những nhà thám hiểm trở về, dù thành công hay không, địa lý của các quần đảo của chính họ đã cung cấp một mạng lưới an toàn để ngăn họ vượt qua các bến cảng quê hương và chèo thuyền vào cõi vĩnh hằng .

Tuy nhiên, họ đã làm điều đó, người Lapita đã trải rộng một phần ba quãng đường qua Thái Bình Dương, sau đó gọi nó là bỏ cuộc vì những lý do chỉ họ biết. Phía trước là khoảng trống mênh mông của trung tâm Thái Bình Dương, và có lẽ chúng quá mỏng để mạo hiểm đi xa hơn. Họ có lẽ không bao giờ có tổng cộng hơn vài nghìn người, và trong quá trình di cư nhanh chóng về phía đông, họ đã gặp hàng trăm hòn đảo – hơn 300 hòn đảo chỉ riêng ở Fiji. Tuy nhiên, hơn một thiên niên kỷ sẽ trôi qua trước khi hậu duệ của Lapita, một dân tộc mà ngày nay chúng ta gọi là người Polynesia, tấn công để tìm kiếm lãnh thổ mới.

2. Câu hỏi

Questions 1-7

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet write

YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

1. Captain Cook once expected the Hawaii to speak a language different from that in other pacific islands

2. Captain Cook depicted many cultural aspects of Polynesians in his journal

3. Professor Spriggs and his research team set out to find the site of an ancient cemetery in Efate

4. The Lapita completed a journey of 2000 miles in just less than a century

5. The Lapita were the first inhabitants in many pacific islands

6. The urn buried in Efate site was plain as it was without any decoration.

7. The unknown pots discovered in Efate had once been used for cooking.

Questions 8-10

Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage

Using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 8-10 on your answer sheet.

Scientific Evidence found in Efate site

Tests show the human remains and the charcoal found in the buried um are from the start of the Lapita period. Yet the 8……. covering many of the Efate sites did not come from that area. Then examinations carried out on the 9……. discovered at Efate site reveal that not everyone buried there was a native living in the area. In fact, DNA could identify Lapita’s nearest 10………… present-days.

Questions 11-13

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.

11. What did the Lapita travel in when they crossed the oceans?

12. In Irwins’s view, what would the Lapita have relied on to bring them fast back to the base?

13. Which sea creatures would have been an indication to the Lapita of where to find land?

3. Phân tích đáp án

Keywords: Captain Cook, expected, Hawaii, speak another language.

Thông tin ở đoạn A: “ Imagine Cook’s surprise, then, he had heard on the natives of Hawaii…..he had visited”. Nghĩa là tưởng tượng sự bất ngờ của Cook khi mà những người bản xứ của Hawaii chèo canô và chào ông ta với 1 ngôn ngữ quen thuộc, cái mà ông ta đã nghe trên hầu như tất cả lời nói của những vùng đất ông ta từng đi qua”. -> Ông này bất ngờ vì người dân Hawaii vẫn nói thứ ngôn ngữ quen thuộc như những nơi khác, tương đương với việc ông ý đã tưởng người Hawaii sẽ nói 1 ngôn ngữ khác.

ĐÁP ÁN: YES

Question 2

Keywords: Captain Cook, depicted, cultural aspects, Polynesians, journal

Thông tin về journal ở đoạn A câu cuối: “ he later wondered in his journal: How shall we account…..vast ocean”, nghĩa là ông ta sau đó đã viết nỗi băn khoăn vào nhật ký của mình: Làm sao chúng ta giải thích được việc quốc gia này đã mở rộng đến vậy trên 1 đại dương khổng lồ. Tuy nhiên không có thông tin về việc thuyền trưởng Cook miêu tả những khía cạnh về văn hóa của người Polynesian.

ĐÁP ÁN: NOT GIVEN

Question 3

Keywords: Professor Spriggs, his research team, Efate’, find, ancient cemetery

Thông tin ở đoạn C: “ What we have is a first – or second generation site containing the graves of some…..by luck”, nghĩa là cái mà chúng tôi tìm thấy là 1 địa điểm thuộc thế hệ thứ nhất hoặc thứ 2 bao gồm các ngôi mộ của những nhà thám hiểm Thái Bình Dương đầu tiên, theo lời của Spriggs, giáo sư khảo cổ học ở đại học quốc gia Úc và cũng là đồng lãnh đạo của 1 nhóm nghiên cứu quốc tế mà khai quật lên di tích này. Điều này được phát hiện ra nhờ vào may mắn. Vì do may mắn, tình cờ nên không thể nói mục tiêu ban đầu của ông Spriggs và đội nghiên cứu là đi tìm ngôi mộ cổ được.

Question 4

Keywords: Lapita, completed, journey, 2000 miles, less than a century

Thông tin ở về 2000 miles ở đoạn D: “ Within the span of a few centuries the Lapita….Pacific”, nghĩa là Trong vòng vài thế kỷ, the Lapita đã mở rộng biên giới của họ từ những ngọn núi lửa bao phủ bởi rừng của Papua New Guinea đến những rặng san hô bao ngoài xa xôi nhất của Tonga, ở vị trí ít nhất 2000 dặm về phía Đông của Thái Bình Dương. Không hề có thông tin về người Lapita hoàn thành cuộc hành trình kéo dài 2000 dặm trong gần 1 thế kỷ.

Question 5

Keywords: The Lapita, first, inhabitants, Pacific islands

Thông tin ở đoạn D câu cuối : “ Along the way they explored millions of square….Samoa”, nghĩa là trên đường đi họ đã khám phá hàng triệu kilômét vuông những vùng biển chưa từng được biết đến, khám phá ra và định cư ở rất nhiều hòn đảo nhiệt đới chưa từng được con người biết tới như: Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa.

Keywords: urn, Efate’, plain, without decoration

Thông tin ở đoạn E: “ And their peculiar style of pottery…..into the clay”, nghĩa là và phong cách trang trí đồ gốm kì lạ của họ, tạo ra bằng cách in hình 1 con dấu vào trong đất sét → urn ( tiểu đựng hài cốt) cũng là đồ gốm, sẽ có họa tiết này, không thể trơn ( plain) được.

Question 7

Keywords: unknown pots, Efate’, once used, cooking

Thông tin về pots ở đoạn E: “ Archaeologists were also thrilled to discover six complete Lapita pots”, nghĩa là những nhà khảo cổ học cũng mừng rỡ khi tìm được 6 chiếc nồi Lapita nguyên vẹn. Tuy nhiên, không có thông tin về những cái nồi này từng được sử dụng để nấu ăn.

Question 8

Keywords: human remains, charcoal, buried urn, covering, Efate’, not come from, area

Thông tin ở đoạn F: “ For another, the chemical makeup of the obsidian flakes…..local”, nghĩa là đối với 1 lý do khác, cấu trúc hóa học của những mảnh opxidian rải rác quanh di tích cho thấy đá không phải sản vật địa phương.

ĐÁP ÁN: rock

Question 9

Keywords: examinations, Efate’, not everyone, native

Thông tin ở đoạn F: “ A particularly intriguing clue comes from chemical tests…..one source or many?, nghĩa là 1 manh mối đặc biệt thú vị khác đến từ những thử nghiệm hóa học trên răng của 1 vài bộ xương. DNA của những bộ xương cổ xưa này có thể là đáp án cho những câu hỏi gây băn khoăn nhất của ngành nhân chủng học: Có phải tất cả các cư dân đảo Lapita đều cùng 1 nguồn cội hay không?

ĐÁP ÁN: teeth

Question 10

Keywords: DNA, assist, the identifying, Lapita, present day

Thông tin ở đoạn F: “ to find out who the Lapita actually…..are today”, nghĩa là để tìm ra được người Lapita thật sự là ai, họ đến từ đâu và hậu duệ gần nhất của họ ngày nay là ai.

ĐÁP ÁN: descendants

Question 11

Keywords: What, Lapita, travel in, when, crossed, ocean

Thông tin ở đoạn G: “ All we can say for certain is that the Lapita….sail them”, nghĩa là điều mà chúng ta có thể chắc chắn là người Lapita đã có những chiếc ca nô mà có khả năng giúp họ trên những hành trình khám phá đại dương, và họ có khả năng lái những chiếc ca nô này.

ĐÁP ÁN: canoes

Question 12

Keywords: Irwin’s view, what, Lapita, relied on, bring them, base

Thông tin ở đoạn H, 2 câu đầu: “ The Lapita’s thrust into the Pacific was eastward,…..to their success”, nghĩa là Sự đổ bộ của người Lapita vào Thái Bình Dương là theo hướng đông, ngược chiều với gió mậu dịch thịnh hành. Những cơn gió mạnh ngược chiều này, ông cho rằng, có thể là chìa khóa cho sự thành công.

ĐÁP ÁN: prevailing trade winds

Question 13

Keywords: Which, sea creatures, indication, Lapita, where to find land

Thông tin ở đoạn H: “ Once out there, skilled seafarers would detect abundant leads to follow to land: seabirds and turtles”, nghĩa 1 khi ra biển, những thủy thủ giàu kinh nghiệm sẽ phát hiện ra những đầu mối đủ để theo để đến được đất liền: chim biển và rùa.

ĐÁP ÁN: seabirds and turtles

Passage 2: Does An IQ Test Prove Creativity?

1. bài đọc và bản dịch tiếng việt.

Does An IQ Test Prove Creativity?

Liệu một bài kiểm tra IQ chứng minh sự sáng tạo?

Everyone has creativity, some a lot more than others. The development of humans, and possibly the universe depends on it. Yet creativity is an elusive creature. What do we mean by it? What is going on in our brains when ideas form? Does it feel the same for artists and scientists? We asked writers and neuroscientists, pop stars and AI gurus to try to deconstruct the creative process-and learn how we can all ignite the spark within.

Mọi người đều có sự sáng tạo, một số sáng tạo nhiều hơn những người khác. Sự phát triển của con người, và có thể cả vũ trụ phụ thuộc vào nó. Tuy nhiên, sự sáng tạo là một sinh vật khó nắm bắt . Chúng có ý nghĩa gì? Điều gì đang xảy ra trong bộ não của chúng ta khi các ý tưởng hình thành? Nó có giống với các nghệ sĩ và nhà khoa học không? Chúng tôi đã yêu cầu các nhà văn và nhà thần kinh học, ngôi sao nhạc pop và chuyên gia AI cố gắng giải mã quá trình sáng tạo và tìm hiểu cách tất cả chúng ta có thể đốt cháy tia lửa bên trong.

In the early 1970s, creativity was still seen as a type of intelligence. But when more subtle tests of IQ and creative skills were developed in the 1970s, particularly by the father of creativity testing, Paul Torrance, it became clear that the link was not so simple. Creative people are intelligent, in terms of IQ tests at least, but only averagely or just above. While it depends on the discipline, in general beyond a certain level IQ does not help boost creativity; it is necessary but not sufficient to make someone creative.

Đầu những năm 1970, sự sáng tạo vẫn được coi là một loại trí thông minh. Nhưng khi các bài kiểm tra IQ và kỹ năng sáng tạo phức tạp hơn được phát triển vào những năm 1970, đặc biệt là bởi cha đẻ của bài kiểm tra khả năng sáng tạo, Paul Torrance, thì rõ ràng là mối liên hệ không đơn giản như vậy. Những người sáng tạo là những người thông minh, ít nhất là trong các bài kiểm tra IQ, nhưng chỉ ở mức trung bình hoặc khá trở lên. Mặc dù nó phụ thuộc vào ngành học, nhưng nhìn chung, IQ vượt quá một mức nhất định không giúp thúc đẩy khả năng sáng tạo; nó là cần thiết nhưng không đủ để làm cho ai đó sáng tạo.

Because of the difficulty of studying the actual process, most early attempts to study creativity concentrated on personality. According to creativity specialist Mark Runco of California State University, Fullerton, the “creative personality” tends to place a high value on aesthetic qualities and to have broad interests, providing lots of resources to draw on and knowledge to recombine into novel solutions. “Creatives” have an attraction to complexity and an ability to handle conflict. They are also usually highly self-motivated, perhaps even a little obsessive . Less creative people, on the other hand, tend to become irritated if they cannot immediately fit all the pieces together. They are less tolerant of confusion. Creativity comes to those who wait, but only to those who are happy to do so in a bit of a fog.

Do khó khăn trong việc nghiên cứu quá trình thực tế, hầu hết các nỗ lực ban đầu để nghiên cứu tính sáng tạo đều tập trung vào tính cách. Theo chuyên gia sáng tạo Mark Runco của Đại học bang California, Fullerton, “cá tính sáng tạo” có xu hướng đánh giá cao phẩm chất thẩm mỹ và có sự hứng thú, cung cấp nhiều nguồn lực để sử dụng và kiến thức để kết hợp lại thành các giải pháp mới lạ . “Người sáng tạo” bị thu hút bởi sự phức tạp và khả năng xử lý xung đột. Họ cũng thường có động lực cao, thậm chí có thể hơi ám ảnh . Mặt khác, những người kém sáng tạo hơn có xu hướng trở nên cáu kỉnh nếu họ không thể ngay lập tức ghép tất cả các mảnh lại với nhau. Họ ít chịu đựng sự nhầm lẫn. Sự sáng tạo đến với những người chờ đợi, nhưng chỉ đến với những người vui vẻ chờ đợi dù trong sương mù

But there may be a price to pay for having a creative personality. For centuries, a link has been made between creativity and mental illness.Psychiatrist Jamison of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, found that established artists are significantly more likely to have mood disorders. But she also suggests that a change of mood state might be the key to triggering a creative event, rather than the negative mood itself. Intelligence can help channel this thought style into great creativity, but when combined with emotional problems, lateral , divergent or open thinking can lead to mental illness instead.

Nhưng có thể phải trả giá để có một cá tính sáng tạo. Trong nhiều thế kỷ, mối liên hệ đã được tạo ra giữa sự sáng tạo và bệnh tâm thần. Bác sĩ tâm thần Jamison của Đại học Johns Hopkins ở Baltimore, Maryland, phát hiện ra rằng các nghệ sĩ đã thành danh có nhiều khả năng mắc chứng rối loạn tâm trạng hơn. Nhưng cô ấy cũng gợi ý rằng sự thay đổi trạng thái tâm trạng có thể là chìa khóa để kích hoạt một sự kiện sáng tạo, thay vì tâm trạng tiêu cực. Trí thông minh có thể giúp chuyển lối suy nghĩ này thành sự sáng tạo tuyệt vời, nhưng khi kết hợp với các vấn đề về cảm xúc, thay vào đó, lối suy nghĩ phiến diện , khác biệt hoặc cởi mở có thể dẫn đến bệnh tâm thần.

Jordan Peterson, a psychologist at the University of Toronto, Canada, believes he has identified a mechanism that could help explain this. He says that the brains of creative people seem more open to incoming stimuli than less creative types. Our senses are continuously feeding a mass of information into our brains, which have to block or ignore most of it to save us from being snowed under. Peterson calls this process latent inhibition, and argues that people who have less of it, and who have a reasonably high IQ with a good working memory can juggle more of the data, and so may be open to more possibilities and ideas. The downside of extremely low latent inhibition may be a confused thought style that predisposes people to mental illness. So for Peterson, mental illness is not a prerequisite for creativity, but it shares some cognitive traits.

Jordan Peterson, nhà tâm lý học tại Đại học Toronto, Canada, tin rằng ông đã xác định được một cơ chế có thể giúp giải thích điều này. Ông nói rằng bộ não của những người sáng tạo dường như cởi mở hơn với các kích thích so với những người ít sáng tạo hơn. Các giác quan của chúng ta liên tục cung cấp một lượng lớn thông tin vào bộ não của chúng ta, bộ não phải chặn hoặc bỏ qua phần lớn thông tin đó để giúp chúng ta không bị chìm trong tuyết. Peterson gọi quá trình này là sự ức chế tiềm ẩn , và lập luận rằng những người có ít sự ức chế tiềm ẩn và những người có chỉ số IQ khá cao với trí nhớ hoạt động tốt có thể xử lý nhiều dữ liệu hơn, và do đó có thể mở ra nhiều khả năng và ý tưởng hơn. Nhược điểm của khả năng ức chế tiềm ẩn cực thấp có thể là lối suy nghĩ bối rối khiến người ta dễ mắc bệnh tâm thần. Vì vậy, đối với Peterson, bệnh tâm thần không phải là điều kiện tiên quyết cho sự sáng tạo, nhưng nó có chung một số đặc điểm nhận thức.

But what of the creative act itself? One of the first studies of the creative brain at work was by Colin Martindale, a psychologist from the University of Maine in Orono. Back in 1978, he used a network of scalp electrodes to record an electroencephalogram ,a record of the pattern of brain waves, as people made up stories. Creativity has two stages: inspiration and elaboration, each characterised by very different states of mind.While people were dreaming up their stories, he found their brains were surprisingly quiet. The dominant activity was alpha waves, indicating a very low level of cortical arousal : a relaxed state, as though the conscious mind was quiet while the brain was making connections behind the scenes. It’s the same sort of brain activity as in some stages of sleep, dreaming or rest, which could explain why sleep and relaxation can help people be creative. However, when these quiet minded people were asked to work on their stories, the alpha wave activity dropped off and the brain became busier, revealing increased cortical arousal, more corralling of activity and more organised thinking. Strikingly , it was the people who showed the biggest difference in brain activity between the inspiration and development stages who produced the most creative storylines. Nothing in their background brain activity marked them as creative or uncreative. “It’s as if the less creative person can’t shift gear,” says Guy Claxton, a psychologist at the University of Bristol, UK. “Creativity requires different kinds of thinking. Very creative people move between these states intuitively.” Creativity, it seems, is about mental flexibility: perhaps not a two-step process, but a toggling between two states. In a later study, Martindale found that communication between the sides of the brain is also important.

Nhưng bản thân hành động sáng tạo thì sao? Một trong những nghiên cứu đầu tiên về bộ não sáng tạo trong công việc là của Colin Martindale, nhà tâm lý học từ Đại học Maine ở Orono. Trở lại năm 1978, ông đã sử dụng một mạng lưới các điện cực trên da đầu để ghi lại điện não đồ, một bản ghi về dạng sóng não, khi mọi người bịa ra những câu chuyện. Sự sáng tạo có hai giai đoạn: cảm hứng và xây dựng, mỗi giai đoạn được đặc trưng bởi những trạng thái tâm trí rất khác nhau. Trong khi mọi người đang mơ mộng về những câu chuyện của họ, ông nhận thấy bộ não của họ yên tĩnh một cách đáng ngạc nhiên. Hoạt động chiếm ưu thế là sóng alpha, cho thấy mức độ kích thích vỏ não rất thấp: trạng thái thư giãn, như thể tâm trí tỉnh táo yên lặng trong khi não đang tạo ra các kết nối đằng sau hậu trường. Đó là loại hoạt động của não giống như trong một số giai đoạn của giấc ngủ, mơ hoặc nghỉ ngơi, điều này có thể giải thích tại sao giấc ngủ và sự thư giãn có thể giúp con người sáng tạo. Tuy nhiên, khi những người có đầu óc trầm lặng này được yêu cầu làm việc với câu chuyện của họ, hoạt động của sóng alpha giảm xuống và não bộ trở nên bận rộn hơn, cho thấy vỏ não được kích thích nhiều hơn, hoạt động có trật tự hơn và suy nghĩ có tổ chức hơn. Đáng chú ý , chính những người cho thấy sự khác biệt lớn nhất trong hoạt động của não bộ giữa giai đoạn truyền cảm hứng và giai đoạn phát triển lại là những người tạo ra những cốt truyện sáng tạo nhất. Không có gì trong hoạt động não nền của họ đánh dấu họ là sáng tạo hay không sáng tạo. Guy Claxton, nhà tâm lý học tại Đại học Bristol, Vương quốc Anh, cho biết: “Cứ như thể người kém sáng tạo không thể sang số vậy. “Sự sáng tạo đòi hỏi những kiểu suy nghĩ khác nhau. Những người rất sáng tạo di chuyển giữa các trạng thái này bằng trực giác.” Có vẻ như sự sáng tạo là về sự linh hoạt của tinh thần: có lẽ không phải là một quá trình gồm hai bước,

Paul Howard-Jones, who works with Claxton at Bristol, believes he has found another aspect of creativity. He asked people to make up a story based on three words and scanned their brains using functional magnetic resonance imaging. In one trial, people were asked not to try too hard and just report the most obvious story suggested by the words. In another, they were asked to be inventive. He also varied the words so it was easier or harder to link them. As people tried harder and came up with more creative tales, there was a lot more activity in a particular prefrontal brain region on the right- hand side. These regions are probably important in monitoring for conflict, helping us to filter out many of combining the words and allowing us to pull out just the desirable connections, Howard-Jones suggests. It shows that there is another side to creativity, he says. The story-making task, particularly when we are stretched, produces many options which we have to assess. So part of creativity is a conscious process of evaluating and analysing ideas. The test also shows that the more we try and are stretched, the more creative our minds can be.

Paul Howard-Jones, người làm việc với Claxton tại Bristol, tin rằng ông đã tìm thấy một khía cạnh khác của sự sáng tạo. Ông yêu cầu mọi người tạo ra một câu chuyện dựa trên ba từ và quét não của họ bằng hình ảnh cộng hưởng từ chức năng. Trong một thử nghiệm, mọi người được yêu cầu không cố gắng quá sức và chỉ kể lại câu chuyện rõ ràng nhất mà các từ gợi ý. Mặt khác, họ được yêu cầu sáng tạo. Anh ấy cũng thay đổi các từ để liên kết chúng dễ dàng hơn hoặc khó hơn. Khi mọi người cố gắng nhiều hơn và nghĩ ra nhiều câu chuyện sáng tạo hơn, thì có nhiều hoạt động hơn ở một vùng não trước trán cụ thể ở phía bên tay phải. Howard-Jones gợi ý rằng những vùng này có thể quan trọng trong việc theo dõi xung đột, giúp chúng tôi lọc ra nhiều cách kết hợp từ và cho phép chúng tôi chỉ rút ra những kết nối mong muốn. Anh ấy nói rằng nó cho thấy rằng có một mặt khác của sự sáng tạo. Nhiệm vụ kể chuyện, đặc biệt là khi chúng ta căng thẳng, tạo ra nhiều lựa chọn mà chúng ta phải đánh giá. Vì vậy, một phần của sự sáng tạo là một quá trình đánh giá và phân tích ý tưởng một cách có ý thức. Bài kiểm tra cũng chỉ ra rằng chúng ta càng cố gắng và nỗ lực bao nhiêu thì trí óc của chúng ta càng có thể sáng tạo bấy nhiêu.

And creativity need not always be a solitary , tortured affair, according to Teresa Amabile of Harvard Business School. Though there is a slight association between solitary writing or painting and negative moods or emotional disturbances, scientific creativity and workplace creativity seem much more likely to occur when people are positive and buoyant. In a decade-long study of real businesses, to be published soon, Amabile found that positive moods relate positively to creativity in organisations, and that the relationship is a simple linear one. Creative thought also improves people’s moods, her team found, so the process is circular . Time pressures, financial pressures and hard-earned bonus schemes on the other hand, do not boost workplace creativity: internal motivation, not coercion, produces the best work.

Theo Teresa Amabile của Trường Kinh doanh Harvard, sự sáng tạo không nhất thiết phải luôn là một công việc đơn độc , bị tra tấn. Mặc dù có một mối liên hệ nhỏ giữa việc viết lách hoặc vẽ tranh đơn độc với tâm trạng tiêu cực hoặc rối loạn cảm xúc, nhưng tính sáng tạo khoa học và sáng tạo tại nơi làm việc dường như có nhiều khả năng xảy ra hơn khi mọi người tích cực và sôi nổi. Trong một nghiên cứu kéo dài một thập kỷ về các doanh nghiệp thực tế sắp được xuất bản, Amabile phát hiện ra rằng tâm trạng tích cực có liên quan tích cực đến sự sáng tạo trong các tổ chức và mối quan hệ này là một mối quan hệ tuyến tính đơn giản. Nhóm của cô nhận thấy rằng suy nghĩ sáng tạo cũng cải thiện tâm trạng của mọi người, vì vậy quá trình này diễn ra theo vòng tròn . Mặt khác, áp lực về thời gian, áp lực tài chính và các chế độ thưởng khó kiếm được không thúc đẩy sự sáng tạo tại nơi làm việc: động lực bên trong chứ không phải sự ép buộc sẽ tạo ra công việc tốt nhất.

Another often forgotten aspect of creativity is social. Vera John-Steiner of the University of New Mexico says that to be really creative you need strong social networks and trusting relationships, not just active neural networks. One vital characteristic of a highly creative person, she says, is that they have at least one other person in their life who doesn’t think they are completely nuts.

Một khía cạnh khác thường bị lãng quên của sự sáng tạo là tính xã hội. Vera John-Steiner của Đại học New Mexico nói rằng để thực sự sáng tạo, bạn cần có mạng lưới xã hội mạnh mẽ và các mối quan hệ đáng tin cậy, chứ không chỉ là mạng lưới thần kinh tích cực. Cô ấy nói, một đặc điểm quan trọng của một người có tính sáng tạo cao là họ có ít nhất một người khác trong đời không nghĩ rằng họ hoàn toàn dở hơi.

Question 14-17

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?

In boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet write

YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

14. People with high IQ are guaranteed to be more creative than those with low IQ

15. In a competitive society, individuals’ language proficiency is more important than other abilities

16. A wider range of resources and knowledge can be integrated by more creative people into bringing about creative approaches

17. A creative person does not necessarily suffer more mental illness.

Question 18-22

Use the information in the passage to match the people (listed A-F ) with the opinions or deeds below.

Write the appropriate letter, A-F, in boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet.

List of People

18. Instead of producing the negative mood, a shift in mood state might be important in inducing creative thinking.

19. Where individuals achieve more positive moods, there is higher creativity

20. Good interpersonal relationship and trust contribute to a person with more creativity

21. Creativity demands an ability to change among different kinds of thinking

22. Our minds can be upgraded to be more creative if we are put into more practice in assessing and processing ideas

Questions 23-26

Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.

But what of the creative act itself? In 1978, Colin Martindale made records of pattern of brain waves as people made up stories by applying a system constituted of many 23……….. The two phases of creativity, such as 24………. were found. While people were still planning their stories, their brains showed little active sign and the mental activity showed a very relaxed state as the same sort of brain activity as in sleep, dreaming or rest. However,the experiment proved the signal of 25…….. went down and the brain became busier, revealing increased cortical arousal, when these people who were in a laidback state were required to produce their stories. Strikingly, it was found the person who was perceived to have the greatest 26………. in brain activity between two stages, produced storylines with highest level of creativity

Question 14

Keywords: high IQ, guarantees, better creative ability, than, average score, IQ test

Thông tin ở đoạn đầu: “ Creative people are intelligent, in….make someone creative”, nghĩa là những người sáng tạo thì thông minh, ít nhất về mặt điểm IQ, nhưng chỉ ở mức trung bình hoặc hơn 1 chút. Trong khi còn phụ thuộc vào sự rèn luyện nữa, nhìn chung vượt qua được mức IQ không giúp thúc đẩy sự sáng tạo, nó cần thiết, nhưng chưa đủ để làm cho ai đó sáng tạo.

ĐÁP ÁN: FALSE

Question 15

Keywords: competitive society, language proficiency, important, than, other abilities

Không có thông tin về là khả năng ngôn ngữ quan trọng hơn các khả năng khác.

Question 16

Keywords: wider range, resources, knowledge, integrated, more creative people

Thông tin ở đoạn 3: “ the “ creative personality tends to place a high value….novel solutions”, nghĩa là tính cách sáng tạo thường coi trọng tính thẩm mỹ và có những sở thích đa dạng, cung cấp nhiều nguồn tài nguyên để phát huy cũng như kiến thức để kết hợp thành những giải pháp mới.

ĐÁP ÁN: TRUE

Question 17

Keywords: creative person, not necessarily, suffer, mental illness

Thông tin ở đoạn 4: “ So for Peterson, mental illness is not a prerequisite for creativity”, nghĩa là đối với Peterson, bệnh về tâm lý không phải là tiền đề cho tính sáng tạo, nghĩa là không phải ai sáng tạo cũng có bệnh tâm lý.

Question 18

Keywords: Instead of, negative mood, shift of mood states, important factor, inducing, creative thinking

Thông tin ở đoạn 3: “ Psychiatrist Jamison of….itself”, nghĩa là Bác sĩ tâm thần học Jamison của Đại học John Hopkins ở Baltimore, Maryland đã tìm ra rằng những nghệ sĩ nổi tiếng thì có khả năng bị rối loạn tâm lý nhiều hơn. Nhưng bà ấy cũng chỉ ra rằng sự thay đổi trạng thái tâm lý có thể là chìa khóa dẫn đến 1 ý tưởng sáng tạo, thay vì tâm trạng tiêu cực.

Question 19

Keywords: more positive moods, higher creativity

Thông tin ở đoạn thứ 2 từ cuối lên: “ Amabile found that positive moods relate positively to creativity in organisations”, nghĩa Amabile đã tìm ra rằng tâm trạng tích cực có tỷ lệ thuận với tính sáng tạo.

Question 20

Keywords: good interpersonal relationship, trust, contribute, person, more creativity

Thông tin ở đoạn cuối: “ Vera John- Steiner of the University….relationships”, nghĩa là Vera John Steiner of trường Đại học New Mexico nói rằng để thật sự sáng tạo bàn cần 1 mạng lưới quan hệ xã hội rộng và những mối quan hệ đáng tin tưởng.

Question 21

Keywords: Creativity, demands, ability, easily change, kinds of thinking

Thông tin ở đoạn 5: “ says Guy Claxton, a psychologist….intuitively”, nghĩa là theo như lời của Guy Claxton, 1 nhà tâm lý học ở ĐH Bristol, sự sáng tạo yêu cầu rất nhiều cách suy nghĩ khác nhau. Những người vô cùng sáng tạo thì thay đổi giữa các trạng thái này theo trực giác.

Question 22

Keywords: Creative minds, upgraded, put into pratice, assessing and processing ideas

Thông tin ở đoạn 6: “ So part of creativity is a conscious process of evaluating and analysing ideas”, nghĩa là vì vậy một phần của tính sáng tạo là 1 quá trình đánh giá và phân tích những ý tưởng.

Question 23

Keywords: 1978, Colin Martindale, records, brain waves, system

Thông tin ở đoạn 6: “ Back in 1978, he used a network of scalp electrodes to record….brain waves”, nghĩa là vào năm 1978, ông ta sử dụng 1 mạng lưới điện cực để ghi lại điện não đồ, sự ghi lại quy luật hoạt động của sóng não.

ĐÁP ÁN: scalp electrodes

Question 24

Keywords: two phases, creativity

Thông tin ở đoạn 6: “ Creativity has two stages: inspiration and elaboration”, nghĩa là sự sáng tạo có 2 giai đoạn: Có cảm hứng và phát triển tỉ mỉ.

ĐÁP ÁN: inspiration and elaboration

Question 25

Keywords: signal, wen down, brain, busier

Thông tin ở đoạn 6: “ However, when these quiet-minded people were asked….busier”, nghĩa là Tuy nhiên, khi những người tâm trí đang bình ổn này được yêu cầu kể lại câu chuyện của họ, hoạt động của sóng alpha giảm và bộ não trở nên bận rộn hơn.

ĐÁP ÁN: alpha wave activity

Question 26

Keywords: person, brain activity, between two stages, highest level, creativity

Thông tin ở đoạn 6: “ Strikingly, it was the people who showed the biggest….storylines”, nghĩa là thật là bất ngờ, chính những người có sự khác biệt lớn nhất về hoạt động của não bộ giữa giai đoạn có cảm hứng và phát triển đã có những cốt truyện sáng tạo nhất.

ĐÁP ÁN: difference

Passage 3: Monkeys and Forests

1. bài đọc và bản dịch tiếng việt .

Monkeys and Forests

Khỉ và rừng

AS AN EAST WIND blasts through a gap in the Cordillera de Tilaran, a rugged mountain range that splits northern Costa Rica in half, a female mantled howler monkey moves through the swaying trees of the forest canopy.

NHƯ MỘT GIÓ ĐÔNG thổi qua một khoảng trống ở Cordillera de Tilaran, một dãy núi gồ ghề chia cắt phía bắc Costa Rica làm đôi, một con khỉ cái có lớp lông di chuyển qua những tán cây đung đưa trong tán rừng.

Ken Glander, a primatologist from Duke University, gazes into the canopy, tracking the female’s movements. Holding a dart gun, he waits with infinite patience for the right moment to shoot. With great care, Glander aims and fires. Hit in the rump, the monkey wobbles. This howler belongs to a population that has lived for decades at Hacienda La Pacifica, a working cattle ranch in Guanacaste province. Other native primates -white- faced capuchin monkeys and spider monkeys – once were common in this area, too, but vanished after the Pan-American Highway was built nearby in the 1950s. Most of the surrounding land was clear-cut for pasture.

Ken Glander, nhà linh trưởng học từ Đại học Duke, nhìn chằm chằm vào tán cây, theo dõi chuyển động của con cái. Cầm một khẩu súng phi tiêu, ông chờ đợi với sự kiên nhẫn vô hạn cho thời điểm thích hợp để bắn. Hết sức cẩn thận, Glander nhắm và khai hỏa. Bị đánh vào mông, con khỉ loạng choạng. Tiếng hú này thuộc về một quần thể đã sống hàng chục năm tại Hacienda La Pacifica, một trang trại gia súc đang hoạt động ở tỉnh Guanacaste. Các loài linh trưởng bản địa khác – khỉ mũ mặt trắng và khỉ nhện – cũng từng phổ biến ở khu vực này, nhưng đã biến mất sau khi Đường cao tốc Liên Mỹ được xây dựng gần đó vào những năm 1950. Hầu hết các vùng đất xung quanh đã được cắt cho đồng cỏ.

Howlers persist at La Pacifica, Glander explains, because they are leaf-eaters. They eat fruit, when it’s available but, unlike capuchin and spider monkeys, do not depend on large areas of fruiting trees. “Howlers can survive any place you have half a dozen trees, because their eating habits are so flexible,” he says. In forests, life is an arms race between trees and the myriad creatures that feed on leaves. Plants have evolved a variety of chemical defenses, ranging from bad-tasting tannins, which bind with plant- produced nutrients, rendering them indigestible , to deadly poisons, such as alkaloids and cyanide.

Glander giải thích rằng những con hú vẫn tồn tại ở La Pacifica bởi vì chúng là loài ăn lá. Chúng ăn trái cây khi có sẵn, nhưng không giống như khỉ mũ và khỉ nhện, chúng không phụ thuộc vào diện tích cây ăn quả rộng lớn. Anh ấy nói: “Những con chim hú có thể sống sót ở bất kỳ nơi nào bạn có nửa tá cây, bởi vì thói quen ăn uống của chúng rất linh hoạt. Trong rừng, cuộc sống là một cuộc chạy đua vũ trang giữa cây cối và vô số sinh vật ăn lá cây. Thực vật đã phát triển nhiều loại cơ chế phòng vệ hóa học, từ chất tanin có vị khó chịu, liên kết với các chất dinh dưỡng do thực vật tạo ra, khiến chúng khó tiêu hóa , cho đến các chất độc chết người, chẳng hạn như alkaloid và xyanua.

All primates, including humans, have some ability to handle plant toxins. “We can detoxify a dangerous poison known as caffeine, which is deadly to a lot of animals:” Glander says. For leaf-eaters, long-term exposure to a specific plant toxin can increase their ability to defuse the poison and absorb the leaf nutrients. The leaves that grow in regenerating forests, like those at La Pacifica, are actually more howler friendly than those produced by the undisturbed, centuries-old trees that survive farther south, in the Amazon Basin. In younger forests, trees put most of their limited energy into growing wood, leaves and fruit, so they produce much lower levels of toxin than do well- established, old-growth trees.

Tất cả các loài linh trưởng, bao gồm cả con người, đều có một số khả năng xử lý độc tố thực vật. Glander nói: “Chúng ta có thể giải độc một chất độc nguy hiểm được gọi là caffein, thứ có thể gây tử vong cho rất nhiều loài động vật. Đối với những loài ăn lá, việc tiếp xúc lâu dài với một loại độc tố thực vật cụ thể có thể làm tăng khả năng giải độc và hấp thụ chất dinh dưỡng của lá. Những chiếc lá mọc trong các khu rừng tái sinh, như ở La Pacifica, thực sự thân thiện với tiếng hú hơn so với những chiếc lá được tạo ra bởi những cây cổ thụ hàng thế kỷ không bị xáo trộn tồn tại xa hơn về phía nam, trong Lưu vực sông Amazon. Ở những khu rừng trẻ hơn, cây cối dành phần lớn năng lượng hạn chế của chúng vào việc phát triển gỗ, lá và quả, vì vậy chúng tạo ra lượng độc tố thấp hơn nhiều so với những cây phát triển lâu đời và lâu năm.

The value of maturing forests to primates is a subject of study at Santa Rosa National Park, about 35 miles northwest of Hacienda La Pacifica. The park hosts populations not only of mantled howlers but also of white-faced capuchins and spider monkeys. Yet the forests there are young, most of them less than 50 years old. Capuchins were the first to begin using the reborn forests, when the trees were as young as 14 years. Howlers, larger and heavier than capuchins, need somewhat older trees, with limbs that can support their greater body weight. A working ranch at Hacienda La Pacifica also explains their population boom in Santa Rosa. “Howlers are more resilient than capuchins and spider monkeys for several reasons,” Fedigan explains. “They can live within a small home range, as long as the trees have the right food for them. Spider monkeys, on the other hand, occupy a huge home range, so they can’t make it in fragmented habitat.”

Giá trị của các khu rừng trưởng thành đối với các loài linh trưởng là một chủ đề nghiên cứu tại Công viên Quốc gia Santa Rosa, cách Hacienda La Pacifica khoảng 35 dặm về phía tây bắc. Công viên có các quần thể không chỉ có tiếng hú có lớp lông mà còn có cả khỉ mặt trắng và khỉ nhện. Tuy nhiên, những khu rừng ở đó còn trẻ, hầu hết đều dưới 50 tuổi. Capuchin là những người đầu tiên bắt đầu sử dụng những khu rừng tái sinh, khi những cái cây còn non 14 tuổi. Tu hú, lớn hơn và nặng hơn so với capuchin, cần những cây già hơn một chút, có các cành có thể hỗ trợ trọng lượng cơ thể lớn hơn của chúng. Một trang trại đang hoạt động tại Hacienda La Pacifica cũng giải thích sự bùng nổ dân số của họ ở Santa Rosa. Fedigan giải thích: “Những con hú có khả năng phục hồi tốt hơn so với khỉ mũ và khỉ nhện vì một số lý do. “Chúng có thể sống trong một phạm vi nhà nhỏ, miễn là cây cối có thức ăn phù hợp cho chúng. Mặt khác, khỉ nhện cần môi trường rộng lớn, vì vậy chúng không thể sống trong môi trường sống bị chia cắt.

Howlers also reproduce faster than do other monkey species in the area. Capuchins don’t bear their first young until about 7 years old, and spider monkeys do so even later, but howlers give birth for the first time at about 3.5 years of age. Also, while a female spider monkey will have a baby about once every four years, well-fed howlers can produce an infant every two years.

Tu hú cũng sinh sản nhanh hơn so với các loài khỉ khác trong khu vực. Khỉ mũ không sinh con đầu lòng cho đến khoảng 7 tuổi và khỉ nhện thậm chí còn muộn hơn, nhưng khỉ hú sinh con lần đầu tiên vào khoảng 3,5 tuổi. Ngoài ra, trong khi một con khỉ nhện cái sẽ sinh con khoảng bốn năm một lần, thì những con khỉ hú được nuôi dưỡng đầy đủ có thể sinh con hai năm một lần.

The leaves howlers eat hold plenty of water, so the monkeys can survive away from open streams and water holes. This ability gives them a real advantage over capuchin and spider monkeys, which have suffered during the long, ongoing drought in Guanacaste.

Những chiếc lá mà tu hú ăn chứa nhiều nước, vì vậy những con khỉ có thể sống sót khỏi những con suối và hố nước lộ thiên. Khả năng này mang lại cho chúng một lợi thế thực sự so với khỉ mũ và khỉ nhện, những loài đã phải chịu đựng trong đợt hạn hán kéo dài liên tục ở Guanacaste.

Growing human population pressures in Central and South America have led to persistent destruction of forests. During the 1990s, about 1.1 million acres of Central American forests were felled yearly. Alejandro Estrada, an ecologist at Estacion de Biologia Los Tuxtlas en Veracruz, Mexico, has been exploring how monkeys survive in a landscape increasingly shaped by humans. He and his colleagues recently studied the ecology of a group of mantled howler monkeys that thrive in a habitat completely altered by humans: a cacao plantation in Tabasco, Mexico. Like many varieties of coffee, cacao plants need shade to grow, so 40 years ago the landowners planted fig, monkey pod and other tall trees to form a protective canopy over their crop. The howlers moved in about 25 years ago after nearby forests were cut. This strange habitat, a hodgepodge of cultivated native and exotic plants, seems to support about as many monkeys as would a same-sized patch of wild forest. The howlers eat the leaves and fruit of the shade trees, leaving the valuable cacao pods alone, so the farmers tolerate them.

Áp lực dân số ngày càng tăng của con người ở Trung và Nam Mỹ đã dẫn đến sự tàn phá rừng dai dẳng . Trong những năm 1990, khoảng 1,1 triệu mẫu rừng Trung Mỹ đã bị đốn hạ hàng năm. Alejandro Estrada, một nhà sinh thái học tại Estacion de Biologia Los Tuxtlas en Veracruz, Mexico, đã khám phá cách loài khỉ tồn tại trong một cảnh quan ngày càng được định hình bởi con người. Gần đây, ông và các đồng nghiệp đã nghiên cứu hệ sinh thái của một nhóm khỉ hú có lớp lông phát triển mạnh trong môi trường sống bị con người thay đổi hoàn toàn: một đồn điền ca cao ở Tabasco, Mexico. Giống như nhiều loại cà phê, cây ca cao cần bóng râm để phát triển, vì vậy 40 năm trước, các chủ đất đã trồng cây sung, cây chùm ngây và các loại cây cao khác để tạo thành tán che bảo vệ cây trồng của họ. Những con tu hú đã chuyển đến khoảng 25 năm trước sau khi những khu rừng gần đó bị chặt phá. Môi trường sống kỳ lạ này, một nơi trú ẩn của các loại thực vật bản địa và kỳ lạ được trồng trọt, dường như hỗ trợ số lượng khỉ bằng một khu rừng hoang dã có cùng kích thước. Tu hú ăn lá và trái cây che bóng, bỏ mặc những trái ca cao quý giá nên nông dân đành chịu.

Estrada believes the monkeys bring underappreciated benefits to such farms, dispersing the seeds of fig and other shade trees and fertilizing the soil with feces. He points out that howler monkeys live in shade coffee and cacao plantations in Nicaragua and Costa Rica as well as in Mexico. Spider monkeys also forage in such plantations, though they need nearby areas of forest to survive in the long term. He hopes that farmers will begin to see the advantages of associating with wild monkeys, which includes potential ecotourism projects. “Conservation is usually viewed as a conflict between agricultural practices and the need to preserve nature, ” Estrada says. “We ’re moving away from that vision and beginning to consider ways in which agricultural activities may become a tool for the conservation of primates in human-modified landscapes”

Estrada tin rằng những con khỉ mang lại những lợi ích không được đánh giá cao cho những trang trại như vậy, phân tán hạt của cây vả và các loại cây che bóng khác và bón phân cho đất. Ông chỉ ra rằng những con khỉ hú sống trong các đồn điền ca cao và cà phê có bóng râm ở Nicaragua và Costa Rica cũng như ở Mexico. Khỉ nhện cũng kiếm ăn trong những đồn điền như vậy, mặc dù chúng cần những khu vực rừng gần đó để tồn tại lâu dài. Ông hy vọng rằng những người nông dân sẽ bắt đầu nhìn thấy những lợi thế của việc liên kết với những con khỉ hoang dã, bao gồm các dự án du lịch sinh thái tiềm năng. Estrada nói: “Việc bảo tồn thường được coi là xung đột giữa các hoạt động nông nghiệp và nhu cầu bảo tồn thiên nhiên. “Chúng tôi đang rời xa tầm nhìn đó và bắt đầu xem xét các cách thức mà các hoạt động nông nghiệp có thể trở thành một công cụ để bảo tồn các loài linh trưởng trong các cảnh quan do con người điều chỉnh. ”

Questions 27-32

Reading passage 3 has 8 paragraphs, A-H

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.

27. A reference of rate of reduction in forest habitats.

28. An area where only one species of monkey survived while other two species vanished

29. A reason for howler monkeys to choose new leaves as food over old ones

30. Mention of howler monkey’s diet and eating habits.

31. A reference of asking farmers’ to change attitude towards wildlife

32. The advantage of howler monkey’s flexibility in living in a segmented habitat

Questions 33-35

Look at the list of places and the following descriptions below

Match each description with the correct place, A-E

Write your answers, A-E, in boxes 33-35 on your answer sheet.

List of Places

A. Hacienda La Pacifica
B. Santa Rosa National Park
C. A cacao plantation in Tabasco, Mexico
D. Estacion de Biología Los Tuxlas in Veracruz, Mexico
E. Amazon Basin

33. A place where howler monkeys benefit to the local region’s agriculture

34. A place where it is the original home for all three native monkeys

35. A place where capuchins monkey comes for a better habitat

Questions 36-40

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet.

The reasons why howler monkeys survive better in local region than the other two species

Howlers live better in La Pacifica since they can feed themselves with leaves when 36………. is not easily found. Howlers have better ability to alleviate the 37………. which old and young trees used to protect themselves.

When compared to that of spider monkeys and capuchin monkeys, the 38………. rate of howlers is relatively faster (round for just every 2 years). The monkeys can survive away from open streams and water holes as the leaves that howlers eat hold a high content of 39……… , which helps them to resist the continuous 40…….. in Guanacaste.

Question 27

Keywords: rate of reduction, forest habitats

Thông tin ở đoạn G: “ During the 1990s, about 1.1 million acres of Central American forest were felled yearly”, nghĩa là trong những năm 1990, khoảng 1,1 triệu mẫu rừng ở vùng Trung Mỹ bị chặt mỗi năm.

Question 28

Keywords: Area, only one species of monkey, survived, two others, vanished

Thông tin ở đoạn A: “ Hit in the rump, the monkey wobbles. This howler…1950s”, nghĩa là bị bắn vào phần mông, con khỉ lảo đảo. Loại khỉ rú này thuộc về loài đã sống ở đây hàng thập kỷ ở Hacienda La Pacifica, ở trại nuôi gia súc ở tỉnh Guanacasta. 2 loài linh trưởng khác- khỉ mũ mặt trắng và khỉ nhện- đã từng rất nhiều ở khu vực này- nhưng đã tuyệt chủng sau khi đường cao tốc Pan-America được xây dựng gần đó vào những năm 1950.

Question 29

Keywords: reason, howler monkey, choose, new leaves as foods

Thông tin ở đoạn C: “ The leaves that grow in regenerating forests, like those….farther south”, nghĩa là lá cây mà phát triển ở những khu rừng tái sinh, như những khu rừng ở La Pacifia thì thân thiện, dễ tiêu hóa hơn đối với khỉ rú hơn là loại lá của những cây già hàng trăm tuổi mà phát triển xa hơn về phía Nam.

Question 30

Keywords: howler monkey’s diet, eating habits

Thông tin ở đoạn B: “ they are leaf eaters. They eat fruit….flexible”, nghĩa là chúng là những động vật ăn lá cây. Chúng ăn hoa quả khi có nhưng không phụ thuộc vào những cây ăn quả như loài khỉ mũ và khỉ nhện. “ Khỉ rú có thể sinh tồn ở bất cứ đâu thậm chí nơi đó chỉ có nửa tá cây xanh, vì thói quen ăn uống của chúng khá linh hoạt”.

Question 31

Keywords: asking farmers, change attitudes, wildlife

Thông tin ở đoạn H: “ He hopes that farmers will begin to….projects”, nghĩa là ông ta hy vọng những người nông dân sẽ bắt đầu nhận ra những ưu điểm của việc kết giao với những loài khỉ hoang dã, bao gồm sự phát triển của những dự án du lịch sinh thái tiềm năng.

Question 32

Keywords: advantage, howler monkey’s flexibility, living, segmented habitat

Thông tin ở đoạn D: “ Howlers are more resilient than….fragmented habitat”, nghĩa là Loài khỉ rú thì dễ sống, linh hoạt hơn khỉ mũ và khỉ nhện vì 1 vài lý do, Fedigan giải thích : “ chúng có thể sinh sống trong phạm vi nơi ở nhỏ, miễn là cây cối cung cấp thức ăn thích hợp với chúng. Mặt khác, loài khỉ nhện, thường chiếm phạm vi nơi ở lớn, vì vậy chúng không thể sinh tồn trong điều kiện phân mảnh sinh cảnh.

Question 33

Keywords: place, howler, benefit, local agriculture

Thông tin ở đoạn G: “ a group of mantled howler monkeys that thrive in a habitat completely altered by humans: a cacao plantation in Tabasco, Mexico”, nghĩa là 1 nhóm khỉ rú mà sinh sống trong 1 môi trường đã hoàn toàn bị thay đổi bởi con người: 1 đồn điền cacao ở Tabasco, Mexico. Và :” The howlers eat the leaves and fruit of the shade trees, leaving the valuable cacao pods alone, so the farmers tolerate them. Nghĩa là những con khỉ rú này ăn lá và quả của những cây tỏa bóng, để lại quả ca cao có giá trị, nên nông dân nhân nhượng cho chúng.

Question 34

Keywords: place, original home, all native monkeys

Thông tin ở đoạn A: “ This howler belongs to a population that has lived for decades at Hacendia La Pacifia” nghĩa là loài khỉ rú này thuộc về 1 loài đã sống được vài thập kỷ ở Hacendia La Pacifia, và “ Other native monkeys, white-faced capuchin monkeys and spider monkeys”, nghĩa là 2 loài khỉ bản địa khác, khỉ mũ và khỉ nhện.

Question 35

Keywords: place, capuchin monkeys, came to, a better habitat

Thông tin ở đoạn D: đoạn này nói về Santa Rosa Park : “ Yet the forests are young, most of them less than 50 years old. Capuchins were the first to begin using the reborn forests, when the trees were as young as 14 years”, nghĩa là tất nhiên những khu rừng ở đây thì trẻ, phần lớn đều dưới 50 tuổi. Loài khỉ mũ này là loài đầu tiên bắt đầu sử dụng những khu rừng tái sinh, khi mà những cái cây mới 14 năm tuổi.

Question 36

Keywords: Howlers, live better, La Pacifica, feed, leaves, not easily found

Thông tin ở đoạn B: “ Howlers persist at La Pacifica,….fruiting trees”, nghĩa là Loài khỉ rú thì sinh tồn ổn định ở La Pacifica, theo như Glander giải thích, vì chúng ăn lá. Chúng có ăn quả khi sẵn có, nhưng không bị phụ thuộc vào diện tích lớn những cây ăn quả.

ĐÁP ÁN: fruit

Question 37

Keywords: Howlers, have ability, alleviate, old and young trees, used

Thông tin ở đoạn C: “ All primates, including humans, have some ability to handle plant toxins” nghĩa là tất cả các loài linh trưởng, bao gồm cả con người, có khả năng kiểm soát độc tố thực vật. Và “ For leaf-eaters, long-term exposure to a specific plant toxin…defuse the poison”, nghĩa là sự tiếp xúc lâu đối với 1 loại độc tố thực vật nhất định có thể làm tăng khả năng làm giảm độc tố.

ĐÁP ÁN: plant toxins

Question 38

Keywords: rate, howlers, faster, every 2 years

Thông tin ở đoạn E: “ howlers give birth for the first time at about….every two years”, nghĩa là khỉ rú thì sinh lần đầu tiên lúc 3.5 tuổi. Trong khi 1 con cái khỉ nhện đẻ con 4 năm 1 lần, những con khỉ rú được cho ăn đầy đủ đẻ 2 năm 1 lần.

ĐÁP ÁN: birth ( birth rate: tốc độ sinh sản)

Question 39

Keywords: monkeys, survive, away from, open streams and water holes, leaves, high content

Thông tin ở đoạn F: “ The leaves howlers eat hold plenty of water, so the monkeys can survive away from open streams and water holes”, nghĩa là lá cây mà loài khỉ rú ăn giữ rất nhiều nước, vì vậy loài khỉ này có thể tồn tại xa những con suối hay là hố nước.

ĐÁP ÁN: water

Question 40

Keywords: help, resist, continuous, Guanacaste

Thông tin ở đoạn F: “ This ability gives them a real….Guanacaste”, nghĩa là khả năng này đã cho nó lợi thế hơn các loài khỉ mũ và khỉ nhện, những loài mà phải chống chịu với trận hạn hán kéo dài và liên tục ở Guanacaste .

ĐÁP ÁN: drought

Giải đề Reading Recent Actual
Giải đề Reading Official
Giải đề Reading Cambridge

I. Kiến thức liên quan

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

Phân biệt A THOUSAND, THOUSAND & THOUSANDS
Cách dùng động từ "reveal" tiếng anh
Cách dùng danh từ "ground" tiếng anh
Từ vựng topic Decoration IELTS
PHÂN BIỆT JOURNEY, TRIP, TRAVEL & VOYAGE TIẾNG ANH

II. Đề thi IELTS READING: Voyage Of Going - Beyond The Blue Line 2

B. Answers have been slow in coming. But now a startling archaeological find on the island of Efate, in the Pacific nation of Vanuatu, has revealed an ancient seafaring people, the distant ancestors of today’s Polynesians, taking their first steps into the unknown. The discoveries there have also opened a window into the shadowy work! of those early voyagers. At the same time , other pieces of this human puzzle are turning up in unlikely places. Climate data gleaned from slow-growing corals around the Pacific and from sediments in alpine lakes in South America may help explain how, more than a thousand years later, a second wave of seafarers beat their way across the entire Pacific.

C. What we have is a first-or second-generation site containing the graves of some of the Pacific’s first explorers,” says Spriggs, professor of archaeology at the Australian National University and co-leader of an international team excavating the site. It came to light only by luck A backhoe operator, digging up topsoil on the grounds of a derelict coconut plantation, scraped open a grave— the first of dozens in a burial ground some 3,000 years old It is the oldest cemetery ever found in the Pacific islands, and it harbors the bones of an ancient people archaeologists call the Lapita, a label that derives from a beach in New Caledonia where a landmark cache of their pottery was found in the 1950s. They were daring blue-water adventurers who roved the sea not just as explorers but also as pioneers, bringing along everything they would need to build new lives— their families and livestock, taro seedlings and stone tools.

D. Within the span of a few centuries the Lapita stretched the boundaries of their world from the jungle-clad volcanoes of Papua New Guinea to the loneliest coral outliers of Tonga, at feast 2,000 miles eastward in the Pacific. Along the way they explored millions of square miles of unknown sea, discovering and colonizing scores of tropical islands never before seen by human eyes: Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa.

E. What little is known or surmised about them has been pieced together from fragments of pottery, animal bones, obsidian flakes, and such oblique sources as comparative linguistics and geochemistry. Although their voyages can be traced back to the northern islands of Papua New Guinea, their language variants of which are still spoken across the Pacific came from Taiwan. And their peculiar style of pottery decoration, created by pressing a carved stamp into the clay, probably had its roots in the northern Philippines. With the discovery of the Lapita cemetery on Efate, the volume of data available to researchers has expanded dramatically. The bones of at feast 62 individuals have been uncovered so far including old men, young women, even babies—and more skeletons are known to be in the ground. Archaeologists were also thrilled to discover six complete Lapita pots. It’s an important find, Spriggs says, for it conclusively identifies the remains as Lapita. “It would be hard for anyone to argue that these aren’t Lapita when you have human bones enshrined inside what is unmistakably a Lapita urn.”

F. Several lines of evidence also undergird Spriggs’s conclusion that this was a community of pioneers making their first voyages into the remote reaches of Oceania. For one thing, the radiocarbon dating of bones and charcoal places them early in the Lapita expansion. For another, the chemical makeup of the obsidian flakes littering the site indicates that the rock wasn’t local; instead it was imported from a large island in Papua New Guinea’s Bismarck Archipelago, the springboard for the Lapita’s thrust into the Pacific. A particularly intriguing clue comes from chemical tests on the teeth of several skeletons. DNA teased from these ancient bones may also help answer one of the most puzzling questions in Pacific anthropology: Did all Pacific islanders spring from one source or many? Was there only one outward migration from a single point in Asia, or several from different points? “This represents the best opportunity we’ve had yet,” says Spriggs, “to find out who the Lapita actually were, where they came from, and who their closest descendants are today.

G. “There is one stubborn question for which archaeology has yet to provide any answers: How did the Lapita accomplish the ancient equivalent of a moon landing, many times over? No one has found one of their canoes or any rigging, which could reveal how the canoes were sailed Nor do the oral histories and traditions of later Polynesians offer any insights, for they segue into myth long before they reach as far back in time as the Lapita.” All we can say for certain is that the Lapita had canoes that were capable of ocean voyages, and they had the ability to sail them,” says Geoff Irwin, a professor of archaeology at the University of Auckland and an avid yachtsman. Those sailing skills, he says, were developed and passed down over thousands of years by earlier mariners who worked their way through the archipelagoes of the western Pacific making short crossings to islands within sight of each other. Reaching Fiji, as they did a century or so later, meant crossing more than 500 miles of ocean, pressing on day after day into the great blue void of the Pacific. What gave them the courage to launch out on such a risky voyage?

H. The Lapita’s thrust into the Pacific was eastward, against the prevailing trade winds, Irwin notes. Those nagging headwinds, he argues, may have been the key to their success. “They could sail out for days into the unknown and reconnoiter, secure in the knowledge that if they didn’t find anything, they could turn about and catch a swift ride home on the trade winds. It’s what made the whole thing work.” Once out there, skilled seafarers would detect abundant leads to follow to land: seabirds and turtles, coconuts and twigs carried out to sea by the tides, and the afternoon pileup of clouds on the horizon that often betokens an island in the distance. Some islands may have broadcast their presence with far less subtlety than a cloud bank. Some of the most violent eruptions anywhere on the planet during the past 10,000 years occurred in Melanesia, which sits nervously in one of the most explosive volcanic regions on Earth. Even less spectacular eruptions would have sent plumes of smoke billowing into the stratosphere and rained ash for hundreds of miles. It’s possible that the Lapita saw these signs of distant islands and later sailed off in their direction, knowing they would find land For returning explorers, successful or not, the geography of their own archipelagoes provided a safety net to keep them from overshooting their home ports and sailing off into eternity.

I. However they did it, the Lapita spread themselves a third of the way across the Pacific, then called it quits for reasons known only to them. Ahead lay the vast emptiness of the central Pacific, and perhaps they were too thinly stretched to venture farther. They probably never numbered more than a few thousand in total, and in their rapid migration eastward they encountered hundreds of islands more than 300 in Fiji alone. Still, more than a millennium would pass before the Lapita’s descendants, a people we now call the Polynesians, struck out in search of new territory.

Questions 1-7

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write:

YES if the statement is true

NO if the statement is false

NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage 1

1. Captain cook once expected the Hawaii might speak another language of people from other pacific islands.

2. Captain cook depicted number of cultural aspects of Polynesians in his journal.

3. Professor Spriggs and his research team went to the Efate to try to find the site of ancient cemetery.

4. The Lapita completed a journey of around 2,000 miles in a period less than a centenary.

5. The Lapita were the first inhabitants in many pacific islands.

6. The unknown pots discovered in Efate had once been used for cooking.

7. The um buried in Efate site was plain as it was without any decoration.

Questions 8 -10

Summary Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage 1, using no more than Two words from the Reading Passage 1 for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 8-10 on your answer sheet.

Scientific Evident found in Efate site

Tests show the human remains and the charcoal found in the buried um are from the start of the Lapita period. Yet The ………8…….. covering many of the Efate site did not come from that area .

Then examinations carried out on the ………9…….. discovered at Efate site reveal that not everyone buried there was a native living in the area. In fact, DNA could identify the Lapita’s nearest………10………..present-days.

Questions 11-13

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.

11. What did the Lapita travel in when they crossed the oceans?

12. In Irwins’s view, what would the Latipa have relied on to bring them fast back to the base?

13. Which sea creatures would have been an indication to the Lapita of where to find land ?

III. Đáp án

4. NOT GIVEN
6. NOT GIVEN
10. descendants
12. trade winds
13. seabirds and turtles

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ielts reading test 151

Voyage of Going: beyond the blue line 2

Questions 1-7 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage? In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write

YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

Questions 8-10 Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.

Scientific Evident found in Efate site

Questions 11-13 Answer the questions below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.

Does An IQ Test Prove Creativity?

C But there may be a price to pay for having a creative personality. For centuries, a link has been made between creativity and mental illness. Psychiatrist Jamison of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, found that established artists are significantly more likely to have mood disorders. But she also suggests that a change of mood state might be the key to triggering a creative event, rather than the negative mood itself. Intelligence can help channel this thought style into great creativity, but when combined with emotional problems, lateral, divergent or open thinking can lead to mental illness instead.

E But what of the creative act itself? One of the first studies of the creative brain at work was by Colin Martindale, a psychologist from the University of Maine in Orono. Back in 1978, he used a network of scalp electrodes to record an electroencephalogram, a record of the pattern of brain waves, as people made up stories. Creativity has two stages: inspiration and elaboration, each characterised by very different states of mind. While people were dreaming up their stories, he found their brains were surprisingly quiet. The dominant activity was alpha waves, indicating a very low level of cortical arousal: a relaxed state, as though the conscious mind was quiet while the brain was making connections behind the scenes. It’s the same sort of brain activity as in some stages of sleep, dreaming or rest, which could explain why sleep and relaxation can help people be creative. However, when these quiet minded people were asked to work on their stories, the alpha wave activity dropped off and the brain became busier, revealing increased cortical arousal, more corralling of activity and more organised thinking. Strikingly, it was the people who showed the biggest difference in brain activity between the inspiration and development stages who produced the most creative storylines. Nothing in their background brain activity marked them as creative or uncreative. “It’s as if the less creative person can’t shift gear,” says Guy Claxton, a psychologist at the University of Bristol, UK. “Creativity requires different kinds of thinking. Very creative people move between these states intuitively.” Creativity, it seems, is about mental flexibility: perhaps not a two-step process, but a toggling between two states. In a later study, Martindale found that communication between the sides of the brain is also important.

Questions 14-17 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage? In boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN If there is no information on this

14. High IQ guarantees better creative ability in one person than that who achieves an average score in an IQ test. 15. In a competitive society, individuals’ language proficiency is more important than other abilities. 16. A wider range of resources and knowledge can be integrated by more creative people into bringing about creative approaches. 17. A creative person not necessarily suffers more mental illness.

Questions 18-22 Use the information in the passage to match the people (listed A-F) with opinions or deeds below.

Write the appropriate letters A-F in boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet.

A Jamison B Jordan Peterson C Guy Claxton D Howard-Jone E Teresa Amabile F Vera John-Steiner

18. Instead of producing the negative mood, a shift of mood state might be the one important factor of inducing a creative thinking. 19. Where the more positive moods individuals achieve, there is higher creativity in organizations. 20. Good interpersonal relationship and trust contribute to a person with more creativity. 21. Creativity demands an ability that can easily change among different kinds of thinking. 22. Certain creative mind can be upgraded if we are put into more practice in assessing and processing ideas.

Questions 23-26 Complete the summary paragraph described below. In boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet, write the correct answer with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS .

But what of the creative act itself? In 1978, Colin Martindale made records of pattern of brain waves as people made up stories by applying a system constituted of many (23)…………………….The two phrases of creativity, such as (24)………………………….were found. While people were still planning their stories, their brains shows little active sign and the mental activity was showed a very relaxed state as the same sort of brain activity as in sleep, dreaming or rest. However, experiment proved the signal of (25)………………………..went down and the brain became busier, revealing increased cortical arousal, when these people who were in a laidback state were required to produce their stories. Strikingly, it was found the person who was perceived to have the greatest (26)……………………….in brain activity between two stages, produced storylines with highest level of creativity.

Monkeys and Forests

AS AN EAST WIND blasts through a gap in the Cordillera de Tilaran, a rugged mountain range that splits northern Costa Rica in half, a female mantled howler monkey moves through the swaying trees of the forest canopy.

A Ken Glander, a primatologist from Duke University, gazes into the canopy, tracking the female’s movements. Holding a dart gun, he waits with infinite patience for the right moment to shoot. With great care, Glander aims and fires. Hit in the rump, the monkey wobbles. This howler belongs to a population that has lived for decades at Hacienda La Pacifica, a working cattle ranch in Guanacaste province. Other native primates -white-faced capuchin monkeys and spider monkeys – once were common in this area, too, but vanished after the Pan-American Highway was built nearby in the 1950s. Most of the surrounding land was clear-cut for pasture.

B Howlers persist at La Pacifica, Glander explains, because they are leaf- eaters. They eat fruit, when it’s available but, unlike capuchin and spider monkeys, do not depend on large areas of fruiting trees. “Howlers can survive anyplace you have half a dozen trees, because their eating habits are so flexible,” he says. In forests, life is an arms race between trees and the myriad creatures that feed on leaves. Plants have evolved a variety of chemical defenses, ranging from bad-tasting tannins, which bind with plant-produced nutrients, rendering them indigestible, to deadly poisons, such as alkaloids and cyanide.

C All primates, including humans, have some ability to handle plant toxins. “We can detoxify a dangerous poison known as caffeine, which is deadly to a lot of animals:” Glander says. For leaf-eaters, long-term exposure to a specific plant toxin can increase their ability to defuse the poison and absorb the leaf nutrients. The leaves that grow in regenerating forests, like those at La Pacifica, are actually more howler friendly than those produced by the undisturbed, centuries-old trees that survive farther south, in the Amazon Basin. In younger forests, trees put most of their limited energy into growing wood, leaves and fruit, so they produce much lower levels of toxin than do well-established, old-growth trees.

D The value of maturing forests to primates is a subject of study at Santa Rosa National Park, about 35 miles northwest of Hacienda La Pacifica. The park hosts populations not only of mantled howlers but also of white-faced capuchins and spider monkeys. Yet the forests there are young, most of them less than 50 years old. Capuchins were the first to begin using the reborn forests, when the trees were as young as 14 years. Howlers, larger and heavier than capuchins, need somewhat older trees, with limbs that can support their greater body weight. A working ranch at Hacienda La Pacifica also explain their population boom in Santa Rosa. “Howlers are more resilient than capuchins and spider monkeys for several reasons,” Fedigan explains. “They can live within a small home range, as long as the trees have the right food for them. Spider monkeys, on the other hand, occupy a huge home range, so they can’t make it in fragmented habitat.”

E Howlers also reproduce faster than do other monkey species in the area. Capuchins don’t bear their first young until about 7 years old, and spider monkeys do so even later, but howlers give birth for the first time at about 3.5 years of age. Also, while a female spider monkey will have a baby about once every four years, well-fed howlers can produce an infant every two years.

F The leaves howlers eat hold plenty of water, so the monkeys can survive away from open streams and water holes. This ability gives them a real advantage over capuchin and spider monkeys, which have suffered during the long, ongoing drought in Guanacaste.

G Growing human population pressures in Central and South America have led to persistent destruction of forests. During the 1990s, about 1.1 million acres of Central American forest were felled yearly. Alejandro Estrada, an ecologist at Estacion de Biologia Los Tuxtlas in Veracruz, Mexico, has been exploring how monkeys survive in a landscape increasingly shaped by humans. He and his colleagues recently studied the ecology of a group of mantled howler monkeys that thrive in a habitat completely altered by humans: a cacao plantation in Tabasco, Mexico. Like many varieties of coffee, cacao plants need shade to grow, so 40 years ago the landowners planted fig, monkey pod and other tall trees to form a protective canopy over their crop. The howlers moved in about 25 years ago after nearby forests were cut. This strange habitat, a hodgepodge of cultivated native and exotic plants, seems to support about as many monkeys as would a same-sized patch of wild forest. The howlers eat the leaves and fruit of the shade trees, leaving the valuable cacao pods alone, so the farmers tolerate them.

H Estrada believes the monkeys bring underappreciated benefits to such farms, dispersing the seeds of fig and other shade trees and fertilizing the soil with feces. He points out that howler monkeys live in shade coffee and cacao plantations in Nicaragua and Costa Rica as well as in Mexico. Spider monkeys also forage in such plantations, though they need nearby areas of forest to survive in the long term. He hopes that farmers will begin to see the advantages of associating with wild monkeys, which includes potential ecotourism projects.

“Conservation is usually viewed as a conflict between agricultural practices and the need to preserve nature,” Estrada says. “We ’re moving away from that vision and beginning to consider ways in which agricultural activities may become a tool for the conservation ofprimates in human-modified landscapes.”

Questions 27-32 The reading Passage has eight paragraphs A-H. Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter A-H, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.

27. A reference of rate of reduction in forest habitats 28. An area where only one species of monkey survived while other two species vanished 29. A reason for howler monkey of choose new leaves as food over old ones 30. Mention to howler monkey’s diet and eating habits 31. A reference of asking farmers’ changing attitude toward wildlife 32. The advantage for howler monkey’s flexibility living in a segmented habitat

Questions 33-35 Look at the following places and the list of descriptions below. Match each description with the correct place, A-E. Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 33-35 on your answer sheet.

A Hacienda La Pacifica B Santa Rosa National Park C A cacao plantation in Tabasco, Mexico D Estacion de Biologia Los Tuxtlas in Veracruz, Mexico E Amazon Basin

33. A place where howler monkeys benefit to the local region’s agriculture 34. A place where it is the original home for all three native monkeys 35. A place where capuchins monkey comes for a better habitat

Questions 36-40 Complete the sentences below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

The reasons why howler monkeys survive better in local region than other two species

Howlers live between in La Pacifica since they can feed themselves with leaves when (36)………………….is not easily found. Howlers have better ability to alleviate the (37)…………………… which old and young trees used to protect themselves. When compared to that of spider monkeys and capuchin monkeys, the (38)………………….rate of howlers is relatively faster (round for just every 2 years). The monkeys can survive away from open streams and water holes as the leaves howlers eat hold high content of (39)…………………….which helps them to resist the continuous (40)…………………….in Guanacaste.

1. Yes 2. No 3. No 4. NG 5. Yes 6. NG 7. No 8. Rock 9. Teeth 10. Descendants 11. Canoes 12. (the) trade winds 13. seabirds and turtles 14. false 15. NG 16. True 17. True 18. A 19. E 20. F 21. C 22. D 23. scalp electrodes 24. inspiration and elaboration 25. alpha wave activity 26. difference 27. G 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. H 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. B 36. Fruit 37. plant toxins 38. reproductive/birth 39. water 40. drought

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IELTS READING PRACTICE TESTS

Voyage Of Going - Beyond The Blue Line 2 IELTS Reading Answers with Explanation

Luyện tập đề IELTS Reading Practice với passage Voyage Of Going - Beyond The Blue Line 2 được lấy từ cuốn sách IELTS Actual Test 4 - Test 3 - Passage 1 với trải nghiệm thi IELTS trên máy và giải thích đáp án chi tiết bằng Linearthinking, kèm list từ vựng IELTS cần học trong bài đọc.

📖 Bài đọc (reading passage)

❓ câu hỏi (questions), 🔥 answer key (đáp án và giải thích), giải thích chi tiết.

Hiểu câu hỏi: C aptain Cook once expected the Hawaii might speak another language of people from other pacific islands

=> Cook từng hi vọng người Hawaii - nói một ngôn ngữ khác

Phân tích info: Imagine Cook's surprise , when the natives of Hawaii greeted him in a familiar tongue , one he had heard on virtually every mote of inhabited land he had visited.

=> Ta thấy có 'Cook's surprise' -> Ý nói Cook đã bất ngờ khi the Hawaii greeted him in a familiar tongue (một ngôn ngữ quen thuộc)

IELTS Reading Practice

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Voyage of Going: Beyond the Blue Line 2 Reading Answers
Recent IELTS Reading Test with Answers - Free PDF. Download. Voyage of Going: Beyond the Blue Line 2 is a real Reading test passage that appeared in the IELTS. With diligent practice, the Reading Module can be the top-scoring category for IELTS Aspirants. To score well, you must understand how to approach and answer the different question types ...
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Answer: seabirds and turtles. Voyage of going: beyond the blue line 2 reading practice test has 13 questions belongs to the Recent Actual Tests subject. In total 13 questions, 7 questions are YES-NO-NOT GIVEN form, 3 questions are Sentence Completion form, 3 questions are Summary, form completion form.
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Passage. A.One feels a certain sympathy for Captain James Cook on the day in 1778 that he "discovered" Hawaii. Then on his third expedition to the Pacific, the British navigator had explored scores of islands across the breadth of the sea, from lush New Zealand to the lonely wastes of Easter Island This latest voyage had taken him thousands of miles north from the Society Islands to an ...
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Voyage of Going: beyond the blue line 2. A One feels a certain sympathy for Captain James Cook on the day in 1778 that he "discovered" Hawaii. Then on his third expedition to the Pacific, the British navigator had explored scores of islands across the breadth of the sea, from lush New Zealand to the lonely wastes of Easter Island.
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Dear students, here are the IELTSFever Academic IELTS Reading Practice Test 126 Answers ( Passage 1 voyage of going: beyond the blue line 2, Passage 2 Corporate Social Responsibility 2, Passage 3 Learning lessons from the past ). Dear Scholars, if you need to clear your doubts regarding these Answers, you can ask any question throw our email, or you can mention your query in the comments ...
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Dear students, here are the IELTSFever Academic IELTS Reading Practice Test 126 Answers ( Passage 1 voyage of going: beyond the blue line 2, Passage 2 Corporate Social Responsibility 2, Passage 3 Learning lessons from the past ) Dear Scholars, if you need to clear your doubts regarding these Answers, you can ask any question […] Read More ...
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You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. Voyage of Going: beyond the blue line 2. A One feels a certain sympathy for Captain James Cook on the day in 1778 that he "discovered" Hawaii. Then on his third expedition to the Pacific, the British navigator had explored scores of islands ...
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Voyage of Going Beyond the Blue Line 2. By Princi Sharma / April 14, ... NOT GIVEN: 8: rock: 9: teeth: 10: descendants: 11: canoes: 12 (prevailing) trade winds: 13: seabirds and turles BOOK NAME- IELTS Reading Recent Actual tests Vol 4. TEST 3 (THREE) ACADEMIC READING. PASSAGE 2 (TWO) Questions 14-26 ...
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Solution for IELTS Recent Mock Tests Volume 4 Reading Practice Test 3
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 8-10 on your answer sheet. Scientific Evident found in Efate site. Tests show the human remains and the charcoal found in the buried um are from the start of the Lapita period.
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Reading Practice Voyage of going: beyond the blue line 2 A. One feels a certain sympathy for Captain James Cook on the day in 1778 that he "discovered" Hawaii. Then on his third expedition to the Pacific, the British navigator had explored scores of islands across the breadth of the sea, from lush New Zealand to the
Dịch & giải IELTS Reading Actual Test Vol 4 Test 3
Passage 1: Voyage of Going: beyond the blue line 2 1. Bài đọc & bản dịch tiếng Việt Voyage of Going: beyond the blue line. Hành trình vượt qua vạch xanh A. One feels a certain sympathy for Captain James Cook on the day in 1778 that he "discovered" Hawaii.
Đề thi IELTS READING: Voyage Of Going
Đề thi IELTS READING: Voyage Of Going - Beyond The Blue Line 2. A. One feels a certain sympathy for Captain James Cook on the day in 1778 that he "discovered" Hawaii. Then on his third expedition to the Pacific, the British navigator had explored scores of islands across the breadth of the sea, from lush New Zealand to the lonely wastes ...
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ielts reading test 151. Voyage of Going: beyond the blue line 2. A One feels a certain sympathy for Captain James Cook on the day in 1778 that he "discovered" Hawaii. Then on his third expedition to the Pacific, the British navigator had explored scores of islands across the breadth of the sea, from lush New Zealand to the lonely wastes of Easter Island.
Voyage Of Going
Voyage Of Going - Beyond The Blue Line 2 IELTS Reading Answers with Explanation. Luyện tập đề IELTS Reading Practice với passage Voyage Of Going - Beyond The Blue Line 2 được lấy từ cuốn sách IELTS Actual Test 4 - Test 3 - Passage 1 với trải nghiệm thi IELTS trên máy và giải thích đáp án chi tiết bằng Linearthinking, kèm list từ vựng IELTS cần ...

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"Voyage of Going Reading Answers" - IELTS Reading Passage with Questions and Answers

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