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Our Mission Statement says it all:

Destinations By Sue Travel Agency believes that our success as a travel agency is dependent upon three (3) groups of people:

• Our customers
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Accordingly, we will treat all our customers and suppliers with fairness and courtesy.

Destinations By Sue Travel Agency is independently owned with over 30 years experience in the travel industry. Nine years in a row have received a Certificate of Customer Satisfaction Excellence Award from BBB (Better Business Bureau).  We utilize the services of reputable vendors that deliver an excellent product. We have been accredited by IATAN for over 20 years and is the only industry credential recognized worldwide. 

What We Do: Destinations By Sue Travel is a full service travel agency specializing in personal service and value for your memorable journeys. We assist a range of guests from Luxury to Adventure; Romance to Multi-Generational; and Couples to Groups. Destinations By Sue has been recognized for their top-notch service, destination knowledge, and overall ease of working with.

We know the ropes and will handle all the details. Traveling does not need to be stressful. You can count on us for great value and dependable service. Whether business or pleasure,  Destinations By Sue ​offers "Every Wish Included." ​

​The four "E"'s...Expert, Experienced, Exceed Expectations

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I'm Sue. And I am the first British born woman to have travelled to ALL 196 countries in the world.

I've Done a Lot!

I was surprised to discover that according to the  MTP (Most Travelled People) website, I'm the number one female traveller in the UK. According to Nomadmania.com. I’m currently the fourth most travelled person in the UK and the 93rd in the world. The rankings change quite quickly! I've just finished  travelling to all the countries in the world. The last one was Afghanistan. I was the first British born woman to do that, so I've also been in the papers and on Meridian TV and BBC TV, website  and radio recently. (See the links below.)

It’s been a very challenging task,  with  various personal difficulties to overcome (see About Me).  And before you can even start moving, you have to decide what a country is. There are sovereign states - which are UN recognised countries. There are 193 of those. But I’ve added Vatican State, Kosovo and Taiwan. That makes 196. Progress is recorded here (of course) and on Instagram – @sue3travels_every_country_countdown.

However, there are also other self-ruled areas of land in this world. (UN+). I did make it 247, but this number is definitely open to debate. And I've just added two more, to make it 249. I’ve done 244 of those (Instagram - @every_territory_in_the_world). A couple - Pitcairn and Tokelau - are very difficult indeed.

My Travel Stories - SEE THE WORLD THROUGH MY EYES

The posts on this website tell the story of my travels so far, often solo, recorded in words and pictures – my own window on the world. I’m not going into competition with Lonely Planet. The posts are informative (I hope) but also a subjective travelogue, recounting my adventures, reflecting my own impressions and experiences, been there, saw that, thought this, was scared by that. Dive in and read about the countries you’ve visited and the ones you haven’t. I’d love to hear your experiences, so please do email, comment, get in touch…

And read my travel tips and solo travel guides here.......

Read my blog... See my photos

Latest stories

Surrey - The Patio of England

East Sussex - Beautiful Home II

West Sussex - Beautiful Home I

Story in Take A Break

Kent - Cat Sitting in the Garden of England

Barbuda - the Beautiful Bird Island - Island Hopping 4

Sint Eustatius (Statia), The Golden Rock - Island Hopping 3

Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius, The BES Islands - in a Nutshell

Saba, Unspoiled Queen of the Caribbean - Island Hopping 2

St Kitts and Nevis, The Smallest Sovereign State in the Western Hemisphere - in a Nutshell

The Seven Wonders of the World - Buildings

Trinidad is Terrific - Island Hopping 1

The Seven Wonders of the World - Cities (And their 'Dupes')

The Seven Wonders of the World - Ultimate Travel Bucket Lists

Interview with Meridian News

Me and Toilets - A Bog Standard Report

Story in the Daily Express

Story in the Daily Star

What, in Africa, are the Big Five, the Little Five and the Ugly Five?

Daily Mirror

Story in the daily mirror.

Daily Express Online Report

Interview with BBC South East Today

BBC News Online

U.A.E. - The Other Five Emirates

United Arab Emirates, The Miracle of the Gulf - in a Nutshell

Afghanistan, The First and Last Country

Pakistan, Land of the Pure - in a Nutshell

Hungary, Land of the Magyars - in a Nutshell

Hungary - Budapest For Capital Excursions

Georgia, Home of Stalin - in a Nutshell

Armenia, The Land of Stones - in a Nutshell

San Marino, The Serene Republic - in a Nutshell

Turkey, The Land of Four Seasons - in a Nutshell

French Polynesia, The Pearl of Polynesia - in a Nutshell

China, The Celestial Empire - In a Nutshell

Japan - The Land of the Rising Sun, in a Nutshell

Puerto Rico - Island of Enchantment in a Nutshell

Cook Islands - Paradise on Earth, in a Nutshell

Switzerland, the Land of Cuckoo Clocks and Chocolate, in a Nutshell

South Africa, the Rainbow Nation - in a Nutshell

New Zealand, Land of the Long White Cloud - in a Nutshell

Wales - Merlin and Magic

Israel - Tel Aviv (The Big Orange) and the Mediterranean Coast

Palestine - The Occupied West Bank, Jericho, Bethlehem and Jerusalem

Central African Republic - Leaving the Best Till Last- Cameroon and Central African Republic 2

Cameroon - Africa in Miniature - Cameroon and Central African Republic 1

Equatorial Guinea - National Thunder - Chad and Equatorial Guinea 2

Chad - The Dead Heart of Africa - Chad and Equatorial Guinea 1

Antigua - Beaches Galore and a Singles Break

Antigua and Barbuda, Land of 365 Beaches - in a Nutshell

Grand Cayman - Beaches, Blue Iguanas and Banks - Return to Jamaica and Cayman

Jamaica - On the Rock and Yeah Man - Return to Jamaica and Cayman

Socotra, Yemen, the Weird Wonderland That is the Jewel of Arabia

Iraqi Kurdistan - A Unique Homeland

Iraq - Where Civilisation Began

Spain, The Bull Skin - in a Nutshell

Bulgaria, The Land of Roses - in a Nutshell

Bulgaria - Castles, Cathedrals, Mountains and Monasteries

Uganda, The Pearl of Africa - in a Nutshell

Burundi - The Poorest and Unhappiest Country in the World? - Uganda and Burundi 2

Uganda - Safari, Shoebills and Satisfaction - Uganda and Burundi -1

Tunisia - An Historic Green Wedge in Africa

Finland, The Land of a Thousand Lakes - in a Nutshell

Finland, Helsinki - the Daughter of the Baltic Sea

Sweden, The Elongated Land - in a Nutshell

Sweden - Stockholm, The Venice of the North and Around

Norway, The Land of Trolls - in a Nutshell

Oslo, the Last Capital

Nagorno Karabakh and Azerbaijan – A Once in a Lifetime Experience

Istanbul - The Greatest City in Europe?

Anguilla - Every Year's Hot Island - Rest of the Caribbean 3

Puerto Rico - The Beautiful Beaches of the South West - Rest of the Caribbean 2

San Juan, the Capital of Puerto Rico - Rest of the Caribbean 1

Saudi Arabia - One of Travel's Last Forbidden Frontiers

Bahrain - Not Your Stereotypical Desert Island

Scotland - The Awesome North Coast 500 (NC500)

The Wondrous Western Isles of Scotland

Malta, The Land of Honey - in a Nutshell

Malta - A Budget Holiday That Sizzles

Orkney - The Prehistoric Wonderland of Scotland - Northern Isles Part 2

Shetland - The Furthest Part of Scotland - Northern Isles Part 1

Why Travel Solo?

Planning Your Solo Trip

Travelling Solo on a Tour

Travelling Solo - Making the Most of Your Destination

Money Matters When Travelling Solo

Meeting Other People When You’re Travelling Solo

Eating And Drinking When You're Travelling Solo

Travelling Solo Safely

Portugal, the World's First Global Power - in a Nutshell

Ancient Athens - Greece in the Time of Covid Part 7

Northern Aegean - Super Samos - Greece in the Time of Covid Part 6

Cyclades - Marvellous Milos - Greece in the Time of Covid Part 5

Dramatic Delphi - Greece in the Time of Covid - Part 4

Magnificent Meteora - Greece in the Time of Covid - Part 3

Mysterious Mount Athos - Greece in the Time of Covid - Part 2

Timeless Thessaloniki - Greece in the Time of Covid - Part 1

Ljubljana, Slovenia - Small But Beautiful - Europe in the Time of Covid - Part 14

Austria - Salzburg, City of Mozart - Europe in the Time of Covid - Part 13

Poland - Warsaw - Europe in the Time of Covid - Part 12

Czechia - Prague - An Architectural Feast - Europe in the Time of Covid - Part 11

Germany - Travelling the Rhine - a Glut of Castles - Europe in the Time of Covid - Part 10

Luxembourg - The Gibraltar of the North - Europe in the Time of Covid - Part 9

Brussels, Bruges and Ghent. Is Belgium Boring? - Europe in the Time of Covid - Part 8

Quaint Carcassonne - France - Europe in the Time of Covid - Part 7

Andorra - The Ugliest Country in Europe? - Europe in the Time of Covid - Part 6

Germany - Munich and Bavaria - Kitsch and Cute - Europe in the Time of Covid - Part 5

Liechtenstein and Princely Everything in Vaduz - Europe in the Time of Covid - Part 4

Italy - Milan and the Trikini - Europe in the Time of Covid - Part 3

Italy - Verona - Stylish Meets Shakespeare - Europe in the Time of Covid - Part 2

Italy - Venice and Just Me - Europe in the Time of Covid - Part 1

Toulouse -The Pink City and Albi - France

The Czech Republic, Czechia - in a Nutshell

Poland, The Land of Fields - in a Nutshell

Luxembourg, The Grand Duchy - in a Nutshell

Belgium, The Flat Country - in a Nutshell

Liechtenstein, Land of the Princely Family - in a Nutshell

Italy, The Boot, in a Nutshell

Nigeria, The Giant of Africa - in a Nutshell

Nigeria - Badagry - Centre of Slavery - West African Journey Part 31

Nigeria - What to See in Lagos? - West African Journey Part 30

Mali, The Land of Gold - in a Nutshell

Mali - What to See in Mopti and Segou? - West African Journey Part 29

Mali - Does the Mud Mosque at Djenne Live Up to the Hype? - West African Journey Part 28

Mali - What’s Original Dogon Country Like? - West African Journey Part 27

Niger, The Frying Pan of the World - in a Nutshell

Niger - What to Do in Niamey? - West African Journey Part 26

Benin, the Home of Voodoo - in a Nutshell

Ganvie and Cotonou - The Tourist Hotspots of Benin - West African Journey Part 25

Why Was Benin Known As the Slave Coast? - West African Journey Part 24

Togo, The Lighthouse of West Africa - in a Nutshell

What is Voodoo and Where to See It? - West African Journey Part 23

Togo - Gate-crashing a Wedding in Lomé - West African Journey Part 22

Cote D'Ivoire, the Pearl of West Africa - in a Nutshell

Yamoussoukro and Abidjan - The Capital Cities of Cote D'Ivoire - West African Journey Part 21

Cote D'Ivoire - Man and the Living Liana Bridge - West African Journey Part 20

Liberia, the Land of the Free - in a Nutshell

Liberia - The Highlights of Monrovia - West African Journey Part 19

Liberia - What to See Around Robertsport? - West African Journey Part 18

Sierra Leone, The Lion Mountain - in a Nutshell

Blood Diamonds - Mining in Kenema, Sierra Leone - West African Journey Part 17

Sierra Leone - Where to See a Chimpanzee in West Africa? - West African Journey Part 16

Sierra Leone - In and Around Freetown - Historical Islands and Incredible Silvery Beaches - West African Journey Part 15

Guinea, The Water Tower of West Africa - in a Nutshell

The Mountains and Waterfalls of Guinea - the Fouta Djallon - West African Journey Part 14

Guinea-Bissau, The Slave Coast - in a Nutshell

Cities of Guinea-Bissau -Bissau, Bafeta and the Griots - West African Journey Part 13

The Bijagos Islands – the Jewel in the Crown of Tiny Guinea-Bissau? - West African Journey Part 12

Rural Idyll - the Villages of Guinea-Bissau - West African Journey Part 11

Gambia, The Smiling Coast - in a Nutshell

Senegal, the Land of Teraanga - in a Nutshell

Is Casamance Different to the North of Senegal? - West African Journey Part 10

Senegal - Bandia and Fathala - Decent Game Parks in West Africa? - West African Journey Part 9

Senegalese Cities - Dakar and Saint Louis - West African Journey Part 8

Djoudj - Senegal -The Best Bird Park in West Africa? - West African Journey Part 7

Mauritania, The Land of a Thousand Poets - in a Nutshell

Is Mauritania All Desert? Try Diawling National Park - West African Journey Part 6

The Highlights of Mauritania - Desert Adventures in Chinguetti - West African Journey Part 5

Nouakchott and Nouadhibou - The Most Intriguing Place Names in the World? - West African Journey Part 4

Western Sahara - Where The Desert Meets the Sea - West African Journey Part 3

Western Sahara - Into the Desert Dunes - West African Journey Part 2

Laid Back Laayoune - West African Journey Part 1

Western Sahara, Disputed Africa - in a Nutshell

Azerbaijan, Land of Eternal Fire - in a Nutshell

Ireland, The Emerald Isle - in a Nutshell

Dublin, Ireland - A Trip to The Pale

Singapore, the Lion City - In a Nutshell

Singapore - Singapore the Theme Park - Islands Around Australia Part 14

Australia, Down Under - In A Nutshell

Perth, Fremantle and the Cute Quokkas - Islands Around Australia Part 13

Cocos Islands - Reef Sharks Aren't Dangerous - Right? - Islands Around Australia Part 12

The Best Beach in the World?

Cocos Islands in a Nutshell - Onward our Island

Christmas Island - Not an Ideal Destination for the Solo Traveller - Islands Around Australia Part 11

Christmas Island in a Nutshell, Flying Fish and All

Timor-Leste, Land Of the Dawn - in a Nutshell

Clockwise Round Timor-Leste - Islands Around Australia Part 10

Dili, the Capital of Timor-Leste - Islands Around Australia Part 9

The Ghan - South to North on the Luxury Train - Islands Around Australia Part 8

Tasmania in Four Days - Islands Around Australia Part 7

Melbourne and The Great Ocean Road - Islands Around Australia Part 6

Niue, The Rock of Polynesia, in a Nutshell

Niue - Clockwise Round the Island - Islands Around Australia Part 5

Niue - Trying to Swim with Whales - Islands Around Australia Part 4

Norfolk Island in a Nutshell - Only for the Nearly Dead or the Newly Wed?

Living History - From Pitcairn Island to Norfolk Island - Islands Around Australia Part 3

Sydney and the Australian Book Club - Islands Around Australia Part 2

U.S.A. - San Francisco and a Day Trip to Yosemite - Islands Around Australia Part 1

Slovakia, The Heart of Europe - in A Nutshell

Bratislava and up the Danube to Vienna

Interview with Travel Website Nomadmania

Gabon - Being a Tourist in Libreville - Atlantic Coast Central Africa 7

Gabon - Unique Loango Park - Sea and Savanna - Atlantic Coast Central Africa 6

Gabon, The Land of Fangs - in a Nutshell

São Tomé e Principe, The Chocolate Islands - in a Nutshell

East São Tomé - Colonial Splendour and an Eerie Tower - Atlantic Coast Central Africa 5

West Coast São Tomé - National Parks, Waterfalls, Beaches and Lagoons - Atlantic Coast Central Africa 4

Angola - Namibe Province - Desert Surprises - Atlantic Coast Central Africa 3

Angola - Around Lubango - The Muila Peoples - Atlantic Coast Central Africa 2

Angola - Luanda - An Oil Boom City - Atlantic Coast Central Africa 1

Angola, The Gem of Africa - in a Nutshell

Sudan, The Gift of the Nile - in a Nutshell

Sudan - More Pyramids Than Egypt - Eritrea and Sudan Part 5

Sudan - Khartoum in Coup Time - Eritrea and Sudan Part 4

Eritrea - Massawa - The Hottest Place in Africa - Eritrea and Sudan Part 3

Eritrea - Gorges and Mountains - Trips from Asmara - Eritrea and Sudan Part 2

Eritrea - Asmara - Piccolo Roma - Eritrea and Sudan Part 1

Eritrea, Africa's Hermit Kingdom - in a Nutshell

Pre-Trip Preparation

Packing for Hot Weather Trips

Packing for Cold Weather Trips

How to Pack Your Case - And What to Take

What to Carry On the Plane?

Toiletries That Work for Travel

Travel First Aid and Medical Kit

Travel Essentials in a Shoulder Bag

Somaliland - Berbera and Sheikh - Orange Dots on a Map - Horn of Africa Part 8

Ga'an Libah and Will the Rock Paintings of Somaliland Cut the Mustard? - Horn of Africa Part 7

Somaliland - Hargeisa - A Quixotic and Unrecognised Capital - Horn of Africa Part 6

Somaliland, The Better Than Five Country - in a Nutshell

Touring Djibouti - Walking on the Moon - Horn of Africa Part 5

Djibouti City - Horn of Africa Part 4

Djibouti,The Pearl of the Gulf of Tadjoura - in a Nutshell

South Sudan - The Toposa Peoples - Horn of Africa Part 3

South Sudan - The Mundari Villages - Horn of Africa Part 2

South Sudan - Juba - A Camera Free Capital - Horn of Africa Part 1

South Sudan, The Land of Great Abundance - in a Nutshell

England - Country Number 1

Curious About Curaçao? - Antarctica and South America 10

Bonaire - A Diver's Paradise - Antarctica and South America 9

Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao, The ABC Islands - in a Nutshell

New Year in Aruba - Antarctica and South America 8

Cruising the Falkland Islands - Antarctica and South America 7

Falkland Islands, Conflict Country - in a Nutshell

South Georgia, The Greatest Wildlife Show on Earth - in a Nutshell

Cruising South Georgia - Antarctica and South America 6

Cruising the Antarctic Peninsula - Antarctica and South America 5

Antarctica, the Coldest, Driest and Windiest Place on Earth - in a Nutshell

Bolivia - La Paz - Chile and Bolivia - Antarctica and South America 3

Bolivia - Atacama and Uyuni to La Paz - Antarctica and South America 2

Bolivia, The Tibet of the Americas - In A Nutshell

Chile, The Country of Poets - in a Nutshell

Chile - Santiago, Puerto Varas and the Volcanoes of the Lake District - Antarctica and South America 4

Chile - The Amazing Atacama Desert - Antarctica and South America 1

Lebanon, The Switzerland of the Middle East - In A Nutshell

Lebanon - East Meets West and Hezbollah

Comoros, Africa's Moon Islands - in a Nutshell

Comoros Islands - Volcanoes, Perfect Beaches and Lots of Litter - South Central Africa 8

Mayotte, The Island of Death - in a Nutshell

Mayotte - A Piece of France That's Still Very African - South Central Africa 7

Réunion, The Intense Island - in a Nutshell

Réunion - A Slice of Europe in Africa - South Central Africa 6

eSwatini, Africa's Last Kingdom - in a Nutshell

eSwatini - Big Game Viewing Made Easy - South Central Africa 5

Zambia - The Best Place in Africa to See Leopard? - South Central Africa 4

Zambia, Air Conditioned Africa - in a Nutshell

Republic of Congo, Congo-Brazzaville - in a Nutshell

Congo - Gorilla Paradise - South Central Africa 3

Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Congo-Kinshasa - in a Nutshell

DRC - Down the Congo - Kinshasa to Boma - South Central Africa 2

DRC - Coping with Kinshasa - South Central Africa 1

Jersey, Home of the Toads - in a Nutshell

Jersey - Spectacular Coastline and Beautiful Beaches

Faroe Islands, The Sheep Islands - in a Nutshell

Faroe Islands - For Off the Scale Scenery

Gibraltar, The Rock - in a Nutshell

Gibraltar - A Weekend on the Rock

Algeria, Ancient Numidia - in a Nutshell

The Algerian Sahara - Algeria 3

Algeria - Coast, Constantine and Ancient Ruins - Algeria 2

Algiers - Where Europe Meets Africa - Algeria 1

Isle of Man, Manx - in a Nutshell

Isle of Man - A Delightful Island Firmly Rooted in the Last Century

Denmark - A Day Tour of Copenhagen and a Stolen Purse

Denmark, The Happiest Country in the World - in a Nutshell

Greenland, Land of the Midnight Sun - in a Nutshell

Greenland - The Coldest Place I've Ever Been

India - Andaman Islands - Beware the Jarwa and the Salties - The Northern Pacific 13

India - The Golden Bird, in a Nutshell

Bangladesh - South to the Sundarbans - The Northern Pacific 12

North-east Bangladesh, Where the Children Have Never seen Tourists - The Northern Pacific 11

Bangladesh - Dhaka - The World's Second Least Liveable City - The Northern Pacific 10

Bangladesh, the Land of Six Seasons - in a Nutshell

The Sun - After I Went to North Korea

Thailand, The Land of Smiles - in a Nutshell

Thailand - Bangkok - A Mega Wat Experience - The Northern Pacific 9

Brunei Darussalam, Land of Unexpected Treasures - in a Nutshell

Brunei Darussalam - Is Bandar Seri Begawan Boring? - The Northern Pacific 8

Palau and its Floating Garden Islands - The Northern Pacific 7

Palau, The Last Paradise - in a Nutshell

Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), The Isles of the Seven Seas - in a Nutshell

Micronesia - Yap - Mantas and Money - The Northern Pacific 6

Micronesia - The Challenge of Chuuk - The Northern Pacific 5

Micronesia - Pohnpei and Mysterious Nan Madol - The Northern Pacific 4

Micronesia - Kosrae, The Holy Island

Not Getting to See Much of Guam - The Northern Pacific 2

Guam, the Island of Warriors - in a Nutshell

The Tourist Trail - Saipan - Northern Mariana Islands - The Northern Pacific 1

Saipan - The Northern Mariana Islands in a Nutshell - With a Rant About British Airways

Solomon Islands, 1,000 Pieces of Paradise - in a Nutshell

Fiji, the Soft Coral Capital of the World - in a Nutshell

Transnistria - The Country That Doesn't Exist - and Back Again - Caucasus Part 11

Moldova - What to See in Chisinau - Caucasus Part 10

Kazakhstan - A Whirl Around Almaty - Caucasus Part 9

Tajikistan - For the Most Stunning Mountains - Caucasus Part 8

Turkmenistan by Golden Eagle Luxury Train - Caucasus Part 7

Uzbekistan - Khiva, Bukhara and Samarkand - By Golden Eagle Luxury Train - Caucasus Part 6

Baku, City of Winds, Azerbaijan - Caucasus Part 5

Georgia - By Golden Eagle Luxury Train - Caucasus Part 4

Armenia - By Golden Eagle Luxury Train - in Theory - Caucasus Part 3

Ukraine -The Golden Globes of Kiev - Caucasus Part 2

Belarus - Minsk - Still in the Soviet Era? - Caucasus Part 1

Bermuda - In the Pink - For Those Who Can Afford It - South Pacific 11

USA- Making it to All Fifty States, Mainly on the Train, With an Eclipse Thrown In. - South Pacific 10

Trying Not to Overeat in American Samoa - South Pacific 9

Fiji - The Capital - Suva - South Pacific 8

Tuvalu - A Sublime Lagoon and a Rat in the Night - South Pacific 7

Visit Nauru - A Cure for the Very Curious - South Pacific 6

Solomon Islands - Magical Times at Tavanipupu and Uepi - South Pacific 5

New Caledonia - French and Friendly at the Same Time - South Pacific 4

Wallis and Futuna - Gardens, Temples and Volcanoes - South Pacific 3

Kiribati - Gorgeously Polluted - South Pacific 2

Majuro - The Capital of The Marshall Islands - South Pacific 2

U.S.A. - Hawaii - The Aloha State - South Pacific 1 and Round the World 4

Italy - Sicily - If Life Brings You Lemons - Albania and Italy 4

Italy - Roman Rimini and Beautiful Bologna - Albania and Italy 3

The Micronation of San Marino - On No Money - Albania and Italy 2

Albania - Once the Most Secretive Country in Europe - Albania and Italy 1

Italy - Sardinia - The Most Expensive Real Estate in Europe

North Korea - A Secret World - Battleship and Blossom Tour Part 4

China - Beijing - A Giant Sauna & Battleship and Blossom Tour Part 3

Japan - Battleship and Blossom Tour Part 2 - Blossoms

Japan - Battleship and Blossom Tour Part 1 - Battleships and Okinawa

North Korea, Kim Country - in a Nutshell

West El Salvador - San Salvador, The Flower Road and Pacific Breakers - Latin American Filler 5

Eastern El Salvador - Volcanoes, La Union and Suchitito - Latin American Filler 4

El Salvador, The Land of Volcanoes - in a Nutshell

Paraguay - Home of Conmebal - Latin American Filler 3

Argentina - Buenos Aires - Paris of South America - Latin American Filler 2

Uruguay - A Land for Foodies - Latin American Filler 1

Argentina, The Land of Silver - in a Nutshell

Iran - In a Nutshell - Is Persia Worth It?

What To Do in Tehran? Iran Part 2

Highlights – What to See and do in Iran? Iran Part 1

France - Thelma and Louise in Gard and More...

India - Kashmir - Murder on the Oriental Boat - Down the Karakorum Highway 3

Pakistan - Down the Karakorum Highway 2

China - Xinjiang - Down the Karakorum Highway 1

Spain - Salamanca - A Spire at the End of Every Street- River of Gold 2

Portugal - Lisbon and Cruising the Douro - River of Gold 1

Spain - Albir and Altea - A Spa Holiday

Berlin From Both Sides

Turks and Caicos - The Best Beach Holiday in the World? - Circling the Caribbean 5

Haiti - A Good Life for Those Who Can Afford It - Circling the Caribbean 4

United States of America (USA) - Uncle Sam, in a Nutshell

U.S.A. - Miami - A Night at the Delano - Circling the Caribbean 3

Bahamas - An Island for Each Day of the Year - Circling the Caribbean 2

Colombia - The Highlights, A Carnival and An Unexpected Diversion to Ecuador - Circling the Caribbean 1

Bosnia & Herzegovina - Don't Baulk at the Balkans - A Tour of Old Yugoslavia Part 5

Montenegro - Don't Baulk at the Balkans - A Tour of Old Yugoslavia Part 4

Kosovo - Don't Baulk at the Balkans - A Tour of Old Yugoslavia Part 3

North Macedonia - Don't Baulk at the Balkans - A Tour of Old Yugoslavia Part 2

Serbia - Don't Baulk at the Balkans - A Tour of Old Yugoslavia Part 1

Malawi - The Warm Heart of Africa - Animals of Africa 3

Madagascar - The Unique, Wonderful and Challenging Red Island - Animals of Africa 2

Rwanda -The Land of Great Apes and Monkeys - Animals of Africa 1

Wales, The Land of Castles, in a Nutshell

Ethiopia - Friendly and Fabulous

Qatar - Desert, Skyscrapers and Building Sites

U.A.E. - Dubai - Malls, Fountains, Beaches and the Burj

Uzbekistan, the Land of the Blue Sky - In A Nutshell

Uzbekistan - The Golden Road - Samarkand and Bukhara - Grand Asian Tour 8

China - Kashgar and Xinjiang - Grand Asian Tour 7

Kyrgyzstan - The Most Beautiful Mountain Views in the World? - Grand Asian Tour 6

Uzbekistan - The Silk Road - Tashkent and the Fergana Valley - Grand Asian Tour 5

South Korea - Highlights of the Land of the Morning Calm - Grand Asian Tour 4

Clockwise Round Taiwan - Grand Asian Tour 3

Mongolia - For Naadam Festival - Grand Asian Tour 2

Russia - The Trans Siberian Express - Grand Asian Tour 1

India - Goa - Where It Rocks - Tiger Tour 3

India - Mumbai Magic - Tiger Tour 2

India - Tiger Safari - Just! - Tiger Tour 1

Tall Ship Caribbean Cruising in the Leeward and Windward Islands - A Beach a Day Part 2

The Virgin Islands - A Beach a Day Part 1

U.S.A. - Amazing New England at Fall Time - The Big Trip 10

Across Canada - Vancouver to Halifax on the VIA Canadian Train - The Big Trip 9

Fiji - The Yasawa Islands - The Big Trip 8

Tonga - Touring Tongatapu - Bats, Churches, Blowholes and Fishing Pigs - The Big Trip 7

Tonga, The Friendly Islands - in a Nutshell

Samoa - Coming of Age Country - The Big Trip 6

French Polynesia - Moorea - Sister Island - The Big Trip 5

French Polynesia - Bora Bora OMG - The Big Trip 4

Cook Islands - Aitutaki, The Most Beautiful Lagoon in the World - The Big Trip 3

Cook Islands - Round and About in Rarotonga - The Big Trip 2

U.S.A. - Iconic Route 66 - The Big Trip 1

Italy - Rome - the Cradle of Western Christian Culture and Civilisation

Vatican City - Queues and Crowds

Cape Verde - Three Islands

Saly - On the Beach in Senegal - Gambia and Senegal 2

What to See and Do in the Gambia? - Gambia and Senegal 1

Switzerland - Skiing at Royal Klosters

Vanuatu, One of the World's Happiest Countries - in a Nutshell

St Kitts & Nevis - Plantation House Luxury and The Tourist Strip

Macau - The Las Vegas of Asia - From Hong Kong - South Eastern Pacific 6

Fiji - Nadi and The Mamanuca Islands - South Eastern Pacific 5

Vanuatu - Tanna and Mount Yasur - the Gates to Hell - South Eastern Pacific 4

Vanuatu - Efate Island and the Prettiest Town in the Pacific - South Eastern Pacific 3

Solomon Islands -Snorkelling at Ghizo - South Eastern Pacific 2

Papua New Guinea - An Extraordinary Encounter - South Eastern Pacific 1

Svalbard - On the Trail of the Polar Bear

U.A.E. - Working and Sightseeing in Abu Dhabi

The French Riviera - Cote d'Azur

Norway - In Search of the Northern Lights

Malaysia, Asia for Beginners - in a Nutshell

Malaysia - The Highlights of the Mainland - South East Asian Filler 6

Bali the Beautiful - Indonesia - Sumatra to Bali Part 3 - South East Asian Filler 5

Java (the Island) - Indonesia - Sumatra to Bali Part 2 - South East Asian Filler 4

Super Sumatra - Indonesia - Sumatra to Bali Part 1 - South East Asian Filler 3

Indonesia, the Emerald of the Equator, in a Nutshell

China - Cruising the Yangtze Gorges - South East Asian Filler 2

Eastern China - Shanghai, Hangzhou and Suzhou - South East Asian Filler 1

U.S.A. - Alaska - So Gorgeous I'm Lost for Words

Montserrat - Flying in by Helicopter - A Singles Break 2

Syria - The Highlights - In Memoriam

French Guiana - Space Age France in South America - Venezuela and the Guianas 4

Suriname - A Caribbean Melting Pot - Venezuela and the Guianas 3

Guyana - Land of Many Waters - Venezuela and the Guianas 2

Venezuela - The Lost World and Angel Falls - Venezuela and the Guianas 1

Guatemala - Land of Eternal Spring

Honduras - The Banana Republic - Central American Journey Part 4

Nicaragua - The Land of Lakes and Volcanoes - Central American Journey Part 3

Costa Rica - Land of the Ticos - Central American Journey Part 2

Panama - Hub of the Americas - Central American Journey Part 1

Cyclades - The Mills of Mykonos and the Sacred Island of Delos

Austria - Skiing in St Anton in the Vorarlberg

Sri Lanka - The Cultural Triangle and More

Sri Lanka, the Resplendent Island, in a Nutshell

The Netherlands, Land of Tulips and Windmills

Libya - Tripoli and Leptis Magna in The Land of the Sun

Kuwait - Work and Pleasure in the Marseilles of the Gulf

Bonnie Scotland - in a Nutshell

Bhutan - Land of the Thunder Dragon

India - Across the North East by Train

Trinidad and Tobago, The Odd Couple - in a Nutshell

Tobago - Land of Lush Beaches

Romania, Land of Count Dracula - in a Nutshell

Romania - Vlad the Impaler, Dracula and More....

Oman for Luxury and a Thousand Forts

Armenia - The Best Bits

Seychelles - The Most Beautiful Islands on Earth? - South East Africa 4

Mauritius - The Continent Island - South East Africa 3

Mozambique - Beautiful Beaches and the Worst Roads in the World - South East Africa 2

South Africa - Kruger Park On Safari - South East Africa 1

U.S.A. - Rhythms of The Southern States

Monaco - Playground for the Rich and Famous

Cyprus -The Island of Love

Grenada - A Solo with Singles Holiday on the Spice Island

U.S.A. - New York, The City So Nice They Named It Twice

Martinique - A Day Trip to Fort de France

St Lucia - The Holiday That Just Meets My Needs

Ghana, The Gateway To Africa - in a Nutshell

Ghana - Part 3 - Kumasi and the Coast

Ghana Part 2 - Burkina Faso, The Land of Honest Men

Ghana Part 1 - Living and Volunteering in Bolgatanga

Belize - The Jewel in the Heart of the Caribbean Basin

Lithuania - A (Very) Cold Weekend in Vilnius

Lithuania, The Land of Storks - in a Nutshell

Thailand - Colonic Irrigation in Koh Samui

Latvia - Riga - A Hen Party Capital - Estonia and Latvia Part 2

Estonia - The Towers of Tallinn - Estonia and Latvia Part 1

Crete - The Island of Heroes

Greece - Cradle of Western Civilisation, in a Nutshell

The Ionian Islands - Greece's Westerly Paradise

Along the Mighty Mekong into Laos (Wow) - Round the World Anticlockwise 6

Thailand - Overland to the Mekong and Laos and Back - Round the World Anticlockwise 5

Argentina - Awesome Patagonia - Round the World Anticlockwise 4

Chile - Easter Island and Patagonia - Round the World Anticlockwise 3

Caribbean Capers - Cruising Jamaica and The Cayman Islands - Round the World Anticlockwise 2

U.S.A. - Florida - The Everglades and the Keys - Round the World Anticlockwise 1

Paris - The City of Love

Spain - Lanzarote - A Singles Holiday at Playa Blanca

Spain - A Weekend in Bilbao

Turkey - The Largest Museum in the World - Ankara to Istanbul

Brazil is Brilliant

Dodecanese - Kos, Rhodes, Symi and Nisyros

Croatia - Zagreb to Dubrovnik, the Dalmatian Coast

Barbados - Land of the Bronzed and Beautiful

St Vincent and the Grenadines - Robinson Crusoe Islands With Chic

Idyllic India - Kerala - The Land of Ayurveda

Dominican Republic - All Inclusive Resort Land

Lesotho - The Kingdom in the Sky - South West Africa 5

South Africa - Cape Town, The Mother City, and the South Coast - South West Africa 4

Namibia - Wild Life, Adventure and Huge Sand Dunes - South West Africa 3

Botswana - Chobe and the Okavango Delta - South West Africa 2

Zimbabwe - Victoria Falls, The Smoke That Thunders South West Africa-1

Tanzania - Safari, Killimanjaro and Exotic Zanzibar - East Africa 3

Uganda - Jinja - More Adventure Than I Wanted - East Africa 2

Kenya and the Great Migration - East Africa 1

Switzerland - Basel and the Bernese Oberland, with Moby

Northern Ireland - A Weekend in Belfast

Cuba - Atmospherically Stuck in the Mid Twentieth Century

Morocco - One of the Most Diverse Countries in Africa

New Zealand - South Island for Fjords and Thrill Seeking- Eastern Hemisphere Part 3

Australia - East, West and Topside - Eastern Hemisphere Part 2

Japan - Classic Tour - Eastern Hemisphere Part 1

Cambodia - Land of The Khmer- South East Asia 18

Thailand - Pole Dancing in Phuket - South East Asia 17

Myanmar - The Land of the Golden Pagoda - South East Asia 16

Indonesia - East of Java - Overland from Flores to Bali - South East Asia 15

Philippines, the Pearl of the Orient Seas, in a Nutshell

Philippines - El Nido and Perfect Palawan - South East Asia 13

Philippines - North Luzon - Ravishing Rice Terraces and Spanish Colonial Splendour - South East Asia 12

Philippines - Siquijor - The Witches' Island - Sunsets, Beaches, and Magic Spells - South East Asia 11

Hong Kong - More East Than West - Round the World 1 & South East Asia 5

Philippines - Kalibo and the Ati-Atihan Festival - South East Asia 10

Vietnam by Train - The Reunification Express at Christmas - South East Asia 9

Nepal - Tigertops, The Terai and Fishtail - South East Asia 8

Nepal - Kathmandu, A Conference and Appendicitis - South East Asia 7

Nepal, The Land of Gods - in a Nutshell

Philippines - Bohol and the Chocolate Hills - South East Asia 6

Philippines - Paete, Tagaytay, Taal - South East Asia 4

Philippines-Boracay-Paradise on Earth, South East Asia 3

Singapore 2000 - Expat Living - South East Asia 2 & 14

Philippines -The Manila Envelope - Living and Working in Manila - South East Asia 1

Peru - Land of the Incas - Peru and Bolivia 1

Spain - Barcelona - Miro, Picasso, Dali and, Above All, Gaudi

Iceland - Land of Ice and Fire

Maldives - Land of a Thousand Islands

Mexico - Mexico City and the Yucatan

Italy - Sorrento and Tuscany - Early Journeys

Malaysia - KL, Sabah, Borneo and Singapore 1

China - Classic Sights, Through the Middle of the Middle Kingdom

Germany, Land of Poets and Thinkers - in a Nutshell

USA - Across the Pond - Eastern United States

Ecuador - Incredible Galapagos Islands

Guernsey the Gorgeous

New Zealand - North Island, Maoris, Mountains and Geysers - Round the World 3

Australia - Classic Tour - Sydney, Adelaide, Ayers Rock, Kakadu and The Barrier Reef - Round the World 2

Israel - The Holy Land

The Last Tourist in Jordan

Austria, the Musical Centre of Europe - in a Nutshell

Poland - Kraków After The Wall Came Down

U.S.A. - The First Journey in America - The Mid-West

Tibet - The Roof of the World - Overland from Kathmandu

Zimbabwe - A Long Time Ago

Egypt - Splendid Land of Pharaohs, Pyramids, Temples and Tombs

Andorra, The Little Country that Could - in a Nutshell

Slovenia, The Land of Hayricks - in a Nutshell

France, The Hexagon - in a Nutshell

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Susan Storm Richards Invisible Woman

Sue Storm Richards is a formidable heroine with the ability to render herself and others invisible at will. After her genes are mutated, she co-founds Earth’s first team of super heroes, the Fantastic Four and becomes their unifying maternal figure.  

Invisible Woman

Born Susan Storm, Sue and her brother Johnny have a happy childhood until their mother Mary dies in a car crash. Their father, celebrated surgeon Dr. Franklin Storm, survives the accident. His spirit broken, Dr. Storm abandons his practice, becoming a gambler and a drunk, and eventually goes to prison after he accidentally kills an underworld loan shark during a struggle.

Sue embodies a motherly role towards Johnny thereafter, though both were soon placed in the custody of their loving aunt, Marygay who ran a boardinghouse. While living there, Sue became smitten with her aunt’s handsome and brilliant tenant, science prodigy Reed Richards, then a university student. Though, does not encounter him again until her college years in California when she pursues an acting career.

When a sudden funding loss threatens to derail Reed’s experimental starship project, Reed urges his pilot, Ben Grimm, to join him in making an unauthorized test flight before the project is shut down. Grimm’s reluctant, but accepts the challenge after Sue questions his courage. Sue and her brother Johnny insist on coming along as well, wishing to share the risk. The quartet successfully launches into space, but intense cosmic rays penetrate the ship’s shielding and irradiates the crew, forcing them back to Earth. Upon landing, they discover they had mutated into super humans, and Sue became the Invisible Girl. Dedicating their new powers to super-heroics and scientific exploration, the quartet became the Fantastic Four (FF). She later takes the name Invisible Woman after an encounter with Psycho-Man that changes her.  

Invisibility and Force Field Projection

Sue Richards can render herself wholly or partially invisible at will. She can also render other people or objects invisible, affecting up to 40,000 cubic feet of volume. To achieve these feats, she mentally bends all wavelengths of light in the vicinity around herself, or the target in question, without causing any visible distortion effects.

While ordinary retinas register objects using reflected light, Sue’s retinas also interpolate shapes based on reflected cosmic rays, which are always present within the atmosphere in minute concentrations. Her extended vision allows her to see invisible people and objects, though not in technicolor since the cosmic-ray reflections bypass her eyes’ rods and cones; her vision may be similarly monochromatic when she herself is invisible since her eyes do not reflect light in that state, though she otherwise seems to possess a full range of vision while she’s invisible. She can detect anything made invisible by means outside her powers, and can restore those targets to a visible state at will. If she wishes, she can render her targets only partially invisible – enabling her, for instance, to expose the inner workings of machinery or the internal organs of living beings.

Invisible Woman can project and manipulate near-indestructible invisible force fields, making her a more effective combatant. She can generate these force fields physically and psionically around herself and other targets; within an object, which she can expand to cause explosions or within a target’s body to render people unconscious or induce more serious physical distress; and vary the texture and tensile strength, rigid for defense and soft for to cushioning impacts. She is also capable of generating and manipulating multiple psionic force fields simultaneously.

Furthermore, she can shape invisible fields into constructs, turning them into offensive weapons as small as a marble or as large as 100 feet in diameter. Her hollow projections, such as domes, can extend up to several miles in area. She can generate more massive force fields large enough to envelop a 20-story building, including the 10 acres of foundation beneath it, or a network of invisible scaffolding strong enough to hold a building as tall as the Empire State Building.

She is also able to shield her mind from some types of telepathic intrusion or influence, detect and locate nearby people or objects using an invisible force that pulses out from her body as radar, and can track psionic energy sources over great distances or snare and redirect psionic energies active in her general vicinity.

Visible light frequencies mostly pass through her standard force fields unaltered and unimpeded, a condition which sometimes leaves her vulnerable to light-based attacks. She can bend and shape a force field so that it captures ambient light, enabling her to create a makeshift low-intensity torch or flashlight composed of suspended light. This ability extends to bending the sunlight’s invisible ultraviolet rays with a force field an inch before they reach her skin, rendering herself immune to sunburns. Sue once briefly swaps powers with her brother Johnny, and during that time can generate and manipulate flames for various effects.

Sue has some experience and ability in the fields of acting and teaching. A capable unarmed combatant and an excellent swimmer, she is fluent in both English and Latverian. Like the rest of the FF, she wears a highly durable costume composed of unstable molecules that shift to accommodate the wearer’s physical form.  

Adversaries

Psycho-Man and his Hate-Monger android use his emotion-manipulation powers and technology to morph Sue, aka Invisible Girl, into Malice Mistress of Hate, though she is able to overcome the transformation with Reed’s help and uses Psycho-Man’s technology against him. The experience inspires Sue to take the name Invisible Woman.

Victor von Doom, aka Dr. Doom, is the Fantastic Four’s foremost foe. He time and time again goes up against the FF for his own villainous ends, even so far as to use their daughter Valeria as a familiar and attack them. He even disrupts Sue and Reed’s wedding with a major onslaught by manipulating a host of super-criminals, but they always seem to overcome his persistent attacks.  

Earth’s First Family and Friends

As a co-founding member of the Fantastic Four, Sue supports the team in protecting Earth and the universe from super villainous threats. Sue often takes an active role in managing the FF’s financial assets through their Fantastic Four, Inc. support company, and even serves as chief creative officer of its Enterprises division, managing the team’s licensing, trademarks and the assorted merchandise and media properties based on the group. Outside of her business-related duties, Sue marries FF co-founding member Reed Richards, aka Mr. Fantastic, is sister to Johnny Storm, aka Human Torch, and friend to Ben Grimm, aka The Thing.

Other affiliations that Sue has includes Friends of Miss America; formerly “Secret Avengers,” Initiative, Avengers, Brides of Set, and Captain of the Girls’ Varsity Swim Team.

The FF remain staunch allies to the Avengers, even worked as members until they resigned from the group. Regardless of the departure from the team, Sue is friendly with various Avengers members, notably the size-changing socialite Wasp and the super-strong She-Hulk, who had served a lengthy stint with the FF during a period when Ben was estranged from the team.

Like the other FF founders, Sue has participated in many mass superhero gatherings over the years—notably the original Contest of Champions, during which she teamed with Iron Fist and Sunfire as pawns of an unknown entity to battle the Grandmaster’s pawns Daredevil, Darkstar and Australian hero Talisman.

Super-genius Alyssa Moy is a source of occasional discomfort for Sue. While Moy is a valued ally to the FF over the years, Sue suspects Alyssa retains a lingering romantic interest in Reed, having spurned a proposal of marriage from him during their youth, and is proven correct when a jealous Alyssa makes a play for him but he gently but firmly rejected her as he remains deeply in love with Sue. In the end, Sue makes made peace with Alyssa.  

5'6"

• Marvel Universe

Other Aliases

• Baroness Von Doom, Stormy Sue, Malice, Mistress of Hate, Susan Benjamin, Invisible Girl, Mrs.Fantastic, Invisible Woman
• High school education, incomplete college studies

Place of Origin

• Glenville, Long Island, New York
• Publicly known

Known Relatives

• Reed Richards ( Mister Fantastic , husband), Franklin Richards (son), Valeria Richards (daughter), Johnny Storm ( Human Torch , brother), Franklin Storm (father, deceased), Mary Storm (mother, deceased), Marygay Jewel Dinkins (aunt), "Bones" (cousin), Evelyn Richards (mother-in-law, deceased), Nathaniel Richards (father-in-law), Cassandra Richards (Warlord, mother-in-law, deceased), unnamed child of Nathaniel Richards (brother-in-law), Tara Richards ( Huntara , sister-in-law), Kristoff Vernard (alleged brother-in-law), Lyja (sister-in-law)

Group Affiliation

• Fantastic Four

The Whole Visible Picture

The FF set up their headquarters in the Baxter Building in Manhattan and battle many foes and one battle is that for Sue’s affection. The misguided Atlantean warrior Namor the Sub-Mariner tries to win Sue over but her heart belongs to Reed. As they defend Earth from super villains, Sue and Reed become closer and eventually got married.

The wedding attracted tremendous attention. On the day of the ceremony, thousands of curiosity-seekers and well-wishers filled the streets around the FF’s Baxter Building headquarters in Manhattan. Nearly every super team attended, including members from the Avengers and the X-Men, along with Daredevil, Doctor Strange and Spider-Man. Even agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. policed the event, acting as security. It also attracted super villains Dr. Doom, who mentally-manipulated a host of super-criminals, monsters and other threats into attacking the ceremony.

While a lot of fighting happened outside, in the Baxter Building, Invisible Girl protected gossip columnist Miriam Birchwood and other guests from an attack by one of Doom’s flying spy drones. After Sue wrecked the drone, a holographic projector released from inside it generated an interactive image of Doom himself, gloating over the FF’s supposedly imminent destruction as he projected footage of the battle recorded by other drones. The latest footage, however, featured the male FF defeating a host of Hydra agents with the aid of Alicia Masters, so Sue and Miriam scornfully dismissed Doom’s threats. Sue smashed Doom’s hologram projector, then donned her FF costume to join the battle outside where she defended her fiancé Mr. Fantastic from the Beetle, who was blasted into submission by Iron Man.

Reed Richards and Sue Storm were finally married shortly after the battle in a quiet church wedding, followed by a gala reception in a grand ballroom. Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, creators of the Marvel comic based on the Fantastic Four’s adventures, tried to attend the reception but weren’t on the guest list, so they were turned away by S.H.I.E.L.D. agents Fury, Dugan and Jones. Lee and Kirby departed, warning they had ways of getting even and were already planning the next issue of the FF comic.

Sue later becomes pregnant with their first child, Franklin Benjamin named after her late father and Reed’s best friend Ben Grimm. During her pregnancy, she steps down from her duties with the FF and is replaced by Inhuman elemental Crystal, then Johnnie’s girlfriend. Sue and the others soon found that her cosmic-irradiated physiology complicated the pregnancy. Though Franklin is born safely thanks to a Cosmic Control Rod taken from Annihilus, and inherits his parents’ mutated genes and powers of his own.

The baby proved to be a vastly powerful mutant whose fluctuating abilities have alternately saved or menaced both the FF and the world over the years. Sue and Reed spend a lot of time trying to understand his powers and attempt to give him a normal childhood, despite their chosen roles as super heroes and the demands that come with the responsibility. During a period where Franklin’s powers were raging out of control, Reed was forced to shut down his son’s mind for a time. Appalled by this, and frustrated by her growing belief that Reed did not regard her as an equal, Sue separated from Reed and quit the FF, taking Franklin with her. Medusa of the Inhumans took Sue’s place in the FF for an extended period, but Sue reclaimed her spot on the roster after she and Reed finally reconciled—with the aid of Namor, ironically enough.

Sue later becomes pregnant with her second child, Valeria Meghan Richards, but having conceived her in the Negative Zone, it exposed her to radiation that made the pregnancy even more complicated and dangerous than the first. The danger passes when the pregnancy results in a stillbirth. The young Franklin, saddened at the loss of his sister, and not in complete control of his powers, uses them to reach back in time to save her. But unbeknownst to anyone at the time he sends her from their native reality (Earth-616) to an alternate future (Reality-99315).

During the aftermath, Sue is vulnerable to an attack by Psycho-Man and his Hate-Monger android, who use their emotion-manipulating powers to amplify Susan’s darker impulses, transform her into the mad villainess Malice Mistress of Hate, and turn her against the FF. Freed from their influence by Reed, Sue exacts a chilling revenge on Psycho-Man by subjecting him to his own emotion-warping technology. Sobered by these events, Sue changes her costumed alias to the more mature Invisible Woman, the code-name she uses to this day.

Seeking a more normal family life again, Reed and Sue retired from the FF altogether to concentrate on raising Franklin, leaving Ben in charge of regrouping; however, Reed and Sue’s retirement was short-lived. After teaming with several Avengers to rescue Franklin during the demonic Inferno invasion, Reed and Sue reluctantly agreed to join the Avengers, who were short-handed at the time. Though they amicably stepped down from active Avengers membership before long so they could rejoin the Fantastic Four.

Later, during the cosmic conflict known as the Infinity War, Sue absorbed her own evil doppelgänger Malice from the Dimension of Manifestations thanks to Adam Warlock’s dark self, the Magus. It was a gradual revival of Sue’s Malice persona, but Franklin, temporarily transformed into the teen hero Psi-Lord, forced Malice out of his mother and absorbed the entity, apparently destroying the dark counterpart. Sue struggled to acknowledge Psi-Lord as Franklin, but gradually came to accept him in this form.

When Reed was seemingly killed in action, Sue took over leadership of the FF and served capably in the role, recruiting Scott Lang, aka Ant-Man, as the team’s new scientist; however, she refused to believe Reed was truly dead, leading an ongoing search for her husband.  Once the FF finally rescued Reed from the villain Hyperstorm, it took him some time to regain his confidence since Sue had become such an effective team leader in his absence. Shortly thereafter, the entire FF seemingly died in battle with the psychic monster Onslaught, though they secretly survived in a new “Counter-Earth” parallel world created instinctively by Franklin, and they eventually returned to their own world after a series of adventures in this alternate reality.

Soon after their return, the FF befriended Valeria von Doom, aka Marvel Girl, of Earth-9903, an alternate future where Valeria believed herself to be the offspring of Sue and a benevolent incarnation of Dr. Doom. Reluctant to trust or believe the girl at first, Sue gradually came to regard Valeria as a friend, even forming a familial bond with her. Later, during the team’s reality-warping conflict with the cosmic being Abraxas, Franklin revealed he had used his powers to rescue Sue’s seemingly stillborn second child years earlier, and that this child had been raised in an alternate future to become the Marvel Girl they now knew. As a side-effect of Abraxas’ s defeat, Marvel Girl was restored to her original state, as an unborn child in Sue’s womb. Yet again, it was a risky and complicated pregnancy; but Sue finally gave birth to a healthy baby girl, thanks largely to the assistance of Dr. Doom, who was allowed to name the infant after his childhood sweetheart Valeria in exchange for his services.

After Valeria’s birth, Doom used her as his unwilling mystical familiar in a series of traumatic sorcerous attacks on the FF, he was defeated and cast into Hell. Reed led the FF in dismantling Doom’s Lateverian regime but the international community condemned it, hurting the team’s public image, so the FF broke up and Reed signed over patents to the government to escape prosecution. The FF worked to rebuild their reputations and fortune, leading them into more conventional fields of employment; Sue, for instance, became a substitute teacher at the Pembrooke Academy, where she taught English to students with disciplinary problems. After realizing that Reed’s genius could restore the FF’s finances but was choosing not to, she encouraged him to rebuild their fortune and restore the team’s conventional operations with her blessing. Though she planned to continue teaching on a part-time basis.

Sue’s invisibility power drew her into a unique conflict sparked by the planet-consuming entity Galactus. Since her power could overcome a device designed by enemies of Galactus led by Zius, they abducted her. To save Sue, Reed used a device to swap Johnny’s and Sue’s powers which succeeded, and they teamed up with the cosmic hero Wendell Vaughn, aka Quasar, to defeat Galactus. In the end, Johnny and Sue regained their original powers—though Sue also gained new respect for Johnny’s control over his dangerous flame powers.

When the federal government introduced its new Superhuman Registration Act (SHRA), Reed became one of the SHRA’s earliest and most prominent supporters, his own psychohistory research having convinced him the legislation was a necessary evil. Reed’s pro-SHRA agenda alienated many of his super-heroic peers and forced him into a series of dubious moral compromises leading Sue and the rest of the FF to abandon him. Sue and Johnny joined the “Secret Avengers,” an underground army of anti-SHRA rebels led by Steve Rogers, aka Captain America; however, the affiliation did not last long.

Johnny and Sue both avoided active Initiative service since ending their outlaw phase. Sue, Ben and Johnny all rejoined the FF, and Reed was largely redeemed in their eyes after they learned how his “psychohistory” research had motivated his SHRA agenda; however, given the SHRA conflict’s lingering tensions, Reed and Sue embarked on an extended vacation to revitalize their marriage.

While the Black Panther and Storm filled in for them with the FF, Sue and Reed enjoyed a second honeymoon on Saturn’s moon Titan. Their vacation was cut short when old foes the Frightful Four and Klaw attacked, but the villains were defeated with the aid of the heroic FF. Sue and Reed soon returned to active FF duty, with Reed promising his partners he would involve them more fully in his future plans and decision-making.

More recently, Sue has led fellow super heroines such as Wasp and She-Hulk in organizing the Friends of Miss America charity to benefit the victims of superhuman-related incidents. The charity, named in memory of the 1940s super heroine Madeline Joyce Frank, aka Miss America, has raised over 55 million dollars to help people left homeless by the monstrous Hulk’s latest rampages.

Sue and Reed were surprised when little Valeria proved to be a super-intelligent mutant. The girl tried to hide her genius at first since she feared it might alienate her family, but the proud parents quickly accepted their brilliant toddler’s new abilities. The team’s latest nanny, Tabitha Deneuve, was the first to recognize Val’s newly emerging intelligence, largely because she had seen it before; Deneuve was actually a 500-year-old Sue Richards from an alternate-future timeline (Earth-807128), infiltrating the present-day FF’s home as part of a time-travel mission to seek a safe haven for her dying world’s population in the past.

In the end, the present-day Sue made peace with her ex-rival Alyssa, and the two women joined forces to transport Deneuve’s refugees to the artificial Earth known as Nu-World. Deneuve, meanwhile, was slain by a vengeful Dr. Doom after Deneuve had used him as an unwilling pawn in her schemes. Still very much alive, the present-day Sue Storm Richards continues to juggle her varied roles as wife, mother, philanthropist and celebrity adventurer.

Susan Storm (Earth-616)/Expanded History

• View history

• 2.1 Chidhood
• 2.2 The Amulet of Zarathos
• 2.3 Romance with Reed Richards
• 2.4 Columbia University
• 2.5 Move to California
• 3.1 Birth of the Fantastic Four
• 3.2 Early Adventures
• 3.3 The Sub-Mariner
• 3.4 Bankruptcy
• 3.5 Valued Teammate
• 3.6 Taking a Break
• 3.7 Sue Chooses Reed
• 3.8 Turbulence
• 3.9 Romantic Doubts
• 3.10 Reed Proposes
• 3.11 Avenging Her Father
• 3.12 Powerless
• 3.13 The Wedding
• 3.14 New Discoveries
• 3.15 Galactus
• 3.16 The Black Panther
• 3.17 Cosmic Doom
• 3.18 Threats from the Negative Zone
• 3.19 The Kree
• 3.20 Sue's Pregnancy
• 3.21 A Complicated Birth
• 3.22 Early Motherhood
• 4 Continuity Notes
• 5 References

Preface [ ]

Susan Richards, AKA the Invisible Woman, is a founding member of the Fantastic Four . During a flight into space, Sue and his friends were bombarded with Cosmic Rays that endowed them with fantastic powers. As the Invisible Woman, Richards uses her invisibility powers for the betterment of the human race.

This page is an index that expands on various portions of Susan Richards life. From her early childhood to present activities.

Early Life [ ]

Chidhood [ ].

Susan Storm and her brother, Johnny , lived an uneventful life on Long Island until their mother, Mary Storm , died in an automobile accident. Their father, Franklin Storm , a doctor, failed to save her. Despondent, he descended into booze and gambling, eventually winding up in a penitentiary for murder when he shot a loan shark while defending himself. [1] The children went to live with their aunt Marygay . According to Sue's accounts, during the summer months, her Aunt Mary rented a room to Reed Richards . It was there that he first met the future love of his life.

Sue was twelve years old at the time. The girl developed an instant crush on Richards: her first love. [2] [3] These recollections were subsequently refuted, as Reed recalls that he did not meet Sue until she was a young adult. [4] [note 1] According to Sue's account of events, Reed would rent out a room at Marygay's home every school year.

The Amulet of Zarathos [ ]

Sue as a teenager.

When Sue was 16, her friend Cammy Brandeis' father Harry , a professor of religious studies, was slain while examining the Amulet of Zarathos . [5] Shortly after his death, her brother Johnny came into contact with the amulet, and it bonded to him as the demon Zarathos sought to make Johnny his Spirit of Vengeance. [6] This made Johnny the target of St. Germaine who sought to claim the amulet for his master Dracula who needed the amulet to free himself from imprisonment in his castle. At Henry's funeral, St. Germaine and his minions went after Johnny, but he was saved thanks to Sue and Henry's brother-in-law Max Parrish , who sought to solve the mystery surrounding his brother-in-law's death. [5] As they sought to learn the secrets behind the Amulet, they were pursued by St. Germaine and his minions still, while also being secretly pushed toward the truth by the spirit of Zarathos. [7] Since the Amulet would teleport into Johnny's possession whenever it was taken away from him, the quartet used this to their advantage to keep it away from St. Germaine. However, Sue and Cammy were cornered while trying to escape from their foe. At that point, Zarathos appeared before Johnny and told him of his intentions to make him the new Spirit of Vengeance. In order to save Sue and Cammy's lives, Johnny agreed to become the vessel for Zarathos, but before he could be possessed by the demon, Max grabbed the amulet becoming the Ghost Rider instead. As Ghost Rider, Max destroyed St. Germaine and struggled for control over Zarathos until Johnny ripped the Amulet from his make-shift motorcycle, restoring Max to normal. They then tossed the Amulet in a junkyard where they hoped it would not be found. After this adventure, Sue decided to go to Hollywood and pursue a career in acting. [6]

Romance with Reed Richards [ ]

The moment Reed fell in love with Sue Storm. [8]

According to Reed, he return to the United States working on his third doctorate, it was at this time that he moved into Marygay Dinkins home. Based on his accounts, this was when he first met Susan Storm, now a full-grown woman. He fell in love with her instantly and he began courting her, much to Marygay's approval. [8] During this period they were transported to the future of Earth-60166 to participate in the 40th wedding anniversary of their Earth-60166 counterparts with various future versions of themselves. They were late returned to their proper point in time with no memories of this encounter. They would be periodically plucked out of time throughout their lives in a similar fashion to attend the same party. [9] Ultimately, Reed was too distracted from his work due to his romance with Sue, and decided that the best thing for the both of them was to move out of Marygay's home. [8]

Columbia University [ ]

When it came time for Susan attended classes at Columbia University on a scholarship, and was under the tutelage of Reed Richards. Reed began courting Sue and eventually a relationship blossomed, as a result, . [10] Sue took to raising Johnny on her own, a task that regularly pushed her patience. [11]

The only rival for Sue's affections, apparently, came from an individual who later became known as the Quiet Man . He claimed that he became obsessed with Sue and stalked her from afar. He also claimed to have been jealous of Reed's relationship with her and secretly stalked the couple for years, apparently manipulating the course of their entire lives from that moment on. [12] [note 2] During one of their early dates, Reed took Sue out star gazing and told her that she would be with him on his quest for enlightenment from then on. [13] Not long after this, Reed and Sue moved in together. When Reed built a voice-activated music player for their new home, Sue realized that living with Reed Richards would never be boring. [14]

Move to California [ ]

Eventually, Reed and Sue were engaged and she became his fiancée. By this time, Reed had been developing a new prototype spaceship with his inherited money and with partial funding from the government. This required the couple to relocate to Central City , bringing Johnny with her. One night while out on a date with Reed, the couple witnessed the arrival of an alien warrior named Gormuu who sought to conquer the Earth. As the creature grew in size and was immune to military weapons, Reed determined that the creature drew its power and size increase from its ship and that the creature while growing in statue did not increase in mass. Reed developed a device to boost Gormuu's power intake. Not knowing why Reed was building the device, Ben and Sue assumed Reed was trying to help Gormuu and attempted to stop him, but the failed. Ultimately, Reed's invention worked: It increased Gormuu's size so much his molecules disbursed across the universe ending his threat. [15] She remained by Reed's side as he continued working on his space shuttle. [16]

Modern Age [ ]

Birth of the fantastic four [ ].

Sue Storm first turning invisible [17]

After the Gormuu incident, the military pulled funding from Reed's project and its continuation was threatened. He decided to launch the prototype, certain that the flight would succeed and attract more funding. Sue and her brother insisted on accompanying Reed and Ben in the flight. Reed had made one mistake: he failed to shield the cabin from cosmic rays, and a chance solar flare intensified the radiation. The experience gave each of them superhuman abilities, and perhaps more importantly, it forged almost unbreakable bonds between them. They became the Fantastic Four , and Storm took the name Invisible Girl. [17]

The quartet was quickly picked up by the government and were then contained in a government quarantine facility for those exposed by cosmic rays under the command of Reed's colleague General Walter Montgomery . There Reed was contacted telepathically by Professor Franz Stahl , another cosmic ray mutates who saw their transformations something that evolved them beyond humanity. Meanwhile, Sue struggled to control her powers and also provided comfort to both Ben and Johnny who were dealing with their own mutations. Later, Stahl caused another mutate, Raymond Perry to go on a rampage in the facility. [18] While the fledgling Fantastic Four stopped Perry's rampage, Stahl escaped from his cell. Having demonstrated the effectiveness of their new powers, Reed managed to convince General Montgomery into releasing the Fantastic Four and allowing them to operate freely. When a series of nuclear facilities began to vanish, Montgomery convinced his superiors to give the Fantastic Four a chance to prove themselves. [19]

Early Adventures [ ]

In the early years of the Fantastic Four, Sue spent much of her time keeping the team together. Reed spent long hours in his laboratory; Grimm moped over his appearance; Johnny acted out like any teenager. After a series of earthquakes that swallowed up atomic facilities all over the world, Reed assembled the Fantastic Four and tracked the source of the Earthquakes to Monster Isle , where they were captured by the so-called Mole Man who sought to conquer the surface world. The Four managed to escape and the Mole Man detonated the island, seemingly perishing in the process. [17] Their first mission was a success, but the group faced some publicity issues due to the damages caused by the group. Meanwhile, Franz Stahl continued to contact Reed to try and convince him that they were beyond normal humans. [19]

Shortly thereafter, the alien Skrulls race sought to invade the Earth. Seeing the Fantastic Four as a threat to these plans, four Skrulls were sent to Earth to imitate Sue and the others and frame them for acts of treason. The Four were detained by the military but managed to break free and capture the Skrulls impersonating them. Reed then convinced their leaders not to invade Earth by showing them pictures of giant monsters clipped out of a comic book. The Skrull invasion fleet fled, and Reed hypnotized the Skrull impostors into thinking they were dairy cows. [20] Reed then set up temporary operations for the group in a warehouse along the New York City shoreline. Discovering that the cosmic rays also altered their space suits so that they could meld along with their powers. Reed decided that they should wear them as costumes until he could better examine them. The threat from the Mole Man was not yet over however as one of his creatures, Giganto attacked New York City. The Fantastic Four quickly defeated the creature which then fled out to sea, revealing themselves to the public and the press for the first time. [21]

Reed then began to examine Ben's transformation, feeling guilty over transforming his best friend into a monstrous form, Reed began investigating how to return him to human form. [22] [23] However the group began to show signs of falling apart, particularly Reed's relationship with Sue, which Sue believed was taking a back seat to the establishment of the Fantastic Four. After Johnny, Ben and Sue stormed out on Reed, he was contacted once more by Stahl who was going to unleash the cosmic rays within a meteor at the decontamination facility and mutate the entire world. [23] Reed went after Stahl alone, and soon found himself caught in a telepathic conflict with his foe. Meanwhile, the other members of the group reunited and went after Reed, only to have to face an army of soldiers mutated by cosmic rays. [13] During the conflict, the Fantastic Four defeated the cosmic ray mutated soldiers, and Reed and Sue defeated Stahl in mental combat with the strength of their love for one another. With Stahl seemingly slain, all those affected by his cosmic ray bombardment were restored to normal. The Fantastic Four however only saw a temporary reversal of their powers. In the aftermath of the battle, Reed and Sue reconciled, and Reed vowed to focus on their relationship, fashioning her a ring out of a fragment of the meteor that Stahl attempted to use against the world. [24] Over the next few months the Fantastic Four captured a series of monsters including Fin Fang Foom , Gruto , Klagg and Googam , imprisoning them on Monster Isle. [25] Reed next rented out the top floors of the Baxter Building in New York City as their new headquarters. Sue designed new costumes for the team and Reed relocated them to the Baxter Building in New York, where they publicly revealed themselves at a press conference. Their next threat came from an illusionist calling himself Miracle Man , who used his illusion powers to not only kidnap Sue but to also steal a new atomic tank. Reed and the others rescued Sue and defeated the Miracle Man. The conflict between Johnny and Ben became a fraught, but their constant squabbling forcing Johnny to abruptly leave the group. [26] [23] [3]

The Sub-Mariner [ ]

While Sue and the others went out looking for Johnny, her younger brother hid out in a Bowery flophouse where he recognized one of the patrons as the long-lost hero, Namor, the Sub-Mariner . With no memory of his past, Namor was dumped into the ocean by Johnny, restoring his memory. Namor returned to his home of Atlantis but was furious to find it decimated by atomic tests and came back to New York to seek vengeance, unleashing the massive creature known as Giganto on the city. When Ben slew Giganto, Namor attempted to use his Proteus Horn to summon another beast, but Sue grabbed it while invisible. Namor grabbed Sue forcing her to return to visibility and was instantly smitten by her. The Sub-Mariner offered Sue an ultimatum: be his bride to spare humanity, or watch it be destroyed. Sue refused and the Fantastic Four ultimately defeated Namor, casting him out into the ocean. Despite his attempt to destroy humanity, Sue began to develop feelings for the tortured monarch, creating tension between her and Reed. [27]

Soon after their encounter with Namor, Reed's old university rival Victor von Doom , now calling himself Dr. Doom, resurfaced and sought revenge against Reed. To this end, he kidnapped Sue and held her hostage in order to force Reed and the others to use his time machine to go back in time and recover Blackbeard's treasure chest which he believed contained a mystic gem once belonging to the wizard Merlin . While Reed and the others succeeded in bringing the treasure chest, they had left the actual treasure in the past. In retaliation, Doom put them in an airtight room to suffocate. Sue meanwhile broke free and used her powers of invisibility to escape Doom and free the others who forced Doom to flee. [28] By this time, Sue's teammates learned of her feelings for the Sub-Mariner causing tension within the team. At that same time, Dr. Doom sought an alliance with the Sub-Mariner and had the undersea monarch attach a magnetic device beneath the Baxter Building. Doom then betrayed Namor, trapping him inside and sending the Baxter Building hurtling into the sun. Sue convinced her teammates and Namor to stop fighting and work together, this ultimately led to Doom being defeated and left adrift in space, and the Baxter Building returned to its rightful place, but Namor managed to escape. [29]

Also around this time, Sue had purchased a house in the town of Glenville where she and Johnny lived part-time while Johnny finished high school. [30] Shortly thereafter, Kurrgo the ruler of the planet Xanth manipulated the Fantastic Four into coming to his world to save his people from being annihilated by a runaway asteroid. Reed used his scientific prowess to save the people of Xanth with a shrinking formula before they returned to Earth. [31] Johnny, in a solo mission, went up against The Wizard who was framing him for bank robberies. Johnny contacted Sue and used her to trick the Wizard into thinking he could move stuff without touching them, and the Wizard was incarcerated. [32] Reed then began trying to cure the Thing of his mutation, and when his latest attempted failed Ben ran off. Sue followed after him just as he was put under the thrall of the Puppet Master who sought to take over the world with his radioactive clay. Sue invisibly followed Ben to the Puppet Master's home, but his blind step-daughter Alicia detected Sue's presence and she was knocked out. The Puppet Master then disguised Alicia as Sue and sent both her and Ben back to the Baxter Building to deal with the Fantastic Four. Reed eventually freed Ben from the Puppet Master's control and they prevented the Puppet Master from staging a jailbreak and rescued Sue. In the aftermath of the battle, the Puppet Master was seemingly slain when he tripped over one of his own puppets and fell out of a window, and Ben and Alicia began dating. [33]

Bankruptcy [ ]

Eventually, the Fantastic Four went bankrupt, forcing Reed to sell off all their assets. Seeming salvation came when they were given an offer from SM Studios to star in a movie about their lives. They soon found that the studio was owned by the Sub-Mariner who pretended to be genuine in his offer, but in reality sought to slay Reed and the others in order to have Sue for himself. Sue rejected Namor's advances, and when Reed, Ben, and Johnny survived the various traps set out by Namor, they defeated him in battle. Sue stopped things from getting too out of hand and convinced Namor to honor his deal. Namor agreed and the movie was completed, giving the Fantastic Four enough money to resume operations. [34] The group next encountered the novice hero known as Spider-Man who sought to join the group for monetary gain, leading to a brief clash. Spider-Man eventually left when he learned that the Fantastic Four was a non-profit organization. [35] [36] [37] Dr. Doom then returned from space thanks to the alien Ovoids who also taught him how to switch bodies with another person. Doom used this skill to switch bodies with Reed and tricked the Fantastic Four into capturing "Doom". "Reed" then built a shrink ray, intending to use it to shrink Sue and the others into nothingness, but Reed broke free and convinced his teammates of what happened, reversing the process and Doom was defeated once again after being caught in the path of his shrink ray and seemingly suffered the same fate he intended for his enemies. [38] Also during this period Reed met the extremely powerful hero known as the Sentry , who fought along the side the Fantastic Four against such foes as Dr. Doom, and later the Android Pirates of Dimension Nine [39] In Glenville, Sue attempted to stop Johnny from going after his foe the Wizard who had just recently broken out of jail. Johnny went after him anyway, and when Sue tried to follow she was captured along with her brother. The pair then worked together to break free and eventually apprehended the Wizard and turned him over to the authorities. [40]

Valued Teammate [ ]

On Sue's birthday, she became upset after reading some negative fan mail about her contributions to the team, but Reed and the others convinced her of her value to the group, pointing out all the times she had saved them in the recent past before throwing her a surprise birthday party. [41] Eventually, Johnny got fed up with the team and quit again after being manipulated by Acrobat into joining his Torrid Twosome . Sue and the others then stopped Johnny from being tricked into robbing a bank, and they helped apprehend the Acrobat. [42] .Soon after this, New York was terrorized by an alien that Ben dubbed the Impossible Man who could assume any shape at will. The creature had come to Earth on vacation and began causing amok. [41] While trying to stop the Impossible Man, Sue and the others met Turbo a heroine from a few years in the future who was briefly trapped in the past. [43] [44] Ultimately, the Fantastic Four defeated the Impossible Man by convincing the city to just ignore the alien pest, and he eventually grew bored and left Earth. [41]

The Fantastic Four were next enlisted by General Thaddeus Ross to help capture the Hulk in Nevada, who was accused of sabotaging atomic tests in the region. Sue joined her teammates in clashing with the Hulk, but ultimately uncovered the real saboteur, a communist agent calling himself the Wrecker . [45] Sue then accompanied her teammates on a rocket flight to the mysterious Blue Area of the Moon where they clashed with Russian scientist Red Ghost and his Super-Apes who gained powers from exposure to cosmic rays. During this clash they also met Uatu the Watcher an alien who lived on the Moon and recorded all history on Earth, he demanded that the Fantastic Four and Red Ghost clash to see whose was the superior nation. Sue was captured once again, but she managed to break free and give the Super-Apes the food that Red Ghost was withholding from them, making them turn on their master which was instrumental in the Red Ghost's defeat, allowing them to return to Earth. [46] Upon their return to Earth, Sue decided to track down Namor to reconcile her feelings once and for all. Unknown to her, Namor was under the control of the Puppet Master, and promptly captured her after she established contact. Reed and the others tracked Namor to his lair and rescue Sue. When the Puppet Master's sub was crushed by an octopus, Namor was freed from his control and allowed the FF to leave. [47]

Taking a Break [ ]

The FF were next manipulated into temporarily breaking up by the Mad Thinker . Through these manipulations, Sue took on a role in a science fiction film but found it too dull compared to her adventures with the Fantastic Four. She returned to the group only to find that the Mad Thinker had taken over their headquarters, however, the FF managed to retake their base of operations. [48] Shortly after this Thor was convinced to go to war against humanity by his half-brother Loki . During their attack on New York City the Fantastic Four and Spider-Man attempted to stop their rampage and were slain in the process. However, when Thor regained his humanity and fought back against Loki, Odin restored all the damage and returned all the dead back to life. [49] Dr. Doom turned out to have survived their last encounter and had taken over the world of Sub-Atomica in the so-called Microverse . He shrunk the team down to his realm and attempted to destroy them, but Sue and the others managed to liberate Sub-Atomica with the assistance of Ant Man , forcing Doom to flee back to Earth. [50] There, Doom took Alicia hostage and threatened the world from his massive airship that was protected by disintegration rays that were keyed to the FF's DNA. Reed turned Ben back into human form temporarily to get him past the disintegration rays, and he let the rest of the team in. While her teammates tangled with Doom, Sue rescued Alicia and Doom fell from the ship seemingly to his death. [51] Doom survived and challenged the Fantastic Four by taking who he thought was Spider-Man hostage. However, Doom had really captured Flash Thompson , Spider-Man's biggest fan. When Sue and the others came to his rescue, they found that the real Spider-Man had already dealt with Doom. [52] Sue and the others next face the Super-Skrull , a Skrull invader who possessed all the powers of the Fantastic Four. When Reed discovered that the Super-Skrull's power source was beamed to him from the Skrull homeworld, he developed a jamming device. Turning invisible, Sue was able to plant the jammer on the Super-Skrull while he fought the Thing and he was soundly defeated. [53]

Sue Chooses Reed [ ]

The group next went on a vacation cruise but were attacked and taken prisoner by the Sub-Mariner who had just discovered his lost people and reclaimed the Atlantean throne. Namor told the group he wished them to tell the United Nations that he claimed dominion over the world's oceans. When the United Nations refused this, Namor invades the surface world. However, Reed managed to turn back the Atlantean invaders by creating a device that evaporated the water in their helmets. Furious, the Sub-Mariner kidnapped Sue and took her away aboard a submarine with his minions Lady Dorma and Warlord Krang . When Sue's teammates went after Namor another fight broke out. Furious at Namor's love for Sue, Lady Dorma decided to dispose of her by dumping her out of the sub into the ocean to drown. Seeing Sue in danger, Namor stopped the fight and brought her to a hospital in New York, saving her life, but at the cost of his people abandoning him. [36]

Released from the hospital, Sue joined Reed to an Egyptology exhibit where Reed found a hieroglyphics that told of an ancient Pharaoh named Rama-Tut who restored his vision with a radioactive herb. Sue joined Reed and the rest of the team to ancient Egypt using Dr. Doom's time machine to ancient Egypt to recover the herb to restore Alicia's vision. There they learned that Rama-Tut was really a time traveller from the 30th century (of Earth-6311 ). Rama-Tut enslaved the entire team, taking Sue as his would-be bride. [54] Sue was in Rama-Tut's thrall while he dealt with En Sabah Nur reportedly Earth's first mutant and a slave challenging his rule. [55] Sue and the others soon freed themselves from Rama-Tut's control with the secret help of yet another time traveller, Sorcerer Supreme Dr. Strange who came to that era from a few years in the Fantastic Four's future. [56] The Fantastic Four then staged a revolt that saw Rama-Tut flee back to his own era. When the Fantastic Four returned to their own time, they found that the herb was neutralized by Doom's time machine. [54] [57]

Turbulence [ ]

The Watcher soon contacted the team and warn them of a new foe called the Molecule Man whose power threatened to destroy the universe. Sue and the others battled the Molecule Man, keeping him preoccupied enough for the Watcher to contain him. [58] The Four next clashed with the Hate-Monger a bigoted rabble-rouser causing riots in New York with his Hate Ray. The quartet were exposed to this weapon, causing them to fight and break up. Sue and the others went their own way until they spotted Reed going to the country of San Gusto, Sue and the others followed with the help of Nick Fury . There, Reed administered a cure of the hate ray and the Hate-Monger --- revealed to be a clone of Adolf Hitler -- was slain in battle. [59] Returning to New York, Sue allowed Reed to examine her powers further. Through these examinations, Sue learned how to project invisible force fields as well as change other objects invisible, however at the time she was only able to use one of these abilities at a time. With complaints about the Fantastic Four's experiments coming in daily, Reed decided to look into an island that was currently up for sale unaware that it was a trap set by their old foe the Mole Man. It was primarily thanks to Sue's new powers that the Fantastic Four survive the encounter and were able to prevent the Mole Man from collapsing New York and Moscow below the surface in order to start off World War III. [60] Sue and the rest of the team later came to the aid of Johnny who was once again being menaced by the Wizard. [61] Sometime after this, Reed began experimenting with the Cosmic Cube with the Sentry. When the Cube took possession of Cloc , the Sentry's computer system, the group fought various threats created by the computer until the Cube was ultimately stopped. [39]

Soon the rest of the team became discontented with Reed's leadership and fought over who would be the new leader of the team. Dr. Doom resurfaced around this time and empowered Bull Brogin , "Handsome" Harry Phillips and Yogi Dakor as his Terrible Trio to fight with the Fantastic Four. Doom sent Handsome Harry after Sue, who was unable to escape him while invisible due to his hyper-sensitive hearing. Realizing that Reed is indeed the only person fit to lead, the Fantastic Four stopped seeking a new leader among the group. [62] Sue and her teammates next defended New York from the so-called Infant Terrible , an infant alien with reality-altering powers, while the others were sent to stop mobster Big Joe from manipulating the creature, Reed contacted the alien's parents who came and rescued the infant before it could destroy the Earth. [63] While experimenting on various bacteria, Reed fell seriously ill and required immediate medical attention Sue doted over him the entire time he was being treated. This happened at a time when the Hulk returned to New York seeking to destroy his former teammates the Avengers, leaving Ben as the only one able to fight the Hulk. [64] The doctors eventually cured Reed and treated the Torch for injuries sustained while fighting the Hulk, Sue and the rest of the Fantastic Four joined the Avengers in defeating the Hulk who fell into the Hudson River and was swept away in the currents. [65]

Romantic Doubts [ ]

Reed finally began mustering up the nerve to ask Sue to marry him. However, when he went out to buy a ring, the Sub-Mariner broke into the Baxter Building and kidnapped her. Reed ran after her alone seeking to face Namor one on one, but Johnny and Ben soon followed him and Namor was defeated with the help of Sorcerer Supreme, Dr. Strange. On the way back, Sue expressed her still conflicted feelings over both Reed and Namor, discouraging Reed from proposing to her for some time. [66] The Puppet Master and Mad Thinker soon joined forces and used a puppet to take control of the X-Men 's leader Professor X in order to trick the X-Men into battling the Fantastic Four. Sue clashed with the group until Professor X managed to fight off the Puppet Master's control and the two teams defeated their foes, who managed to flee. [67] Not long after this an ancient mummy named Gomdulla was re-awoken and went on a rampage. Reed and his teammates stopped the creature with the help of Spider-Man. However shortly after they got into an altercation with the wall-crawler when he accidentally knocked out Sue while trying to stop Electro . The five heroes eventually ceased fighting when Sue turned out okay and told them it was an accident and they stopped Electro together. [68]

The Red Ghost later resurfaced and attempted to kill the Fantastic Four by stranding them on the moon. The heroes managed to seek refuge in the Watcher's citadel, defending it from Red Ghost. When the Red Ghost was defeated the Watcher returned the group to Earth. [69] Sue then joined her teammates on a vacation to Transylvania where the Thing freed the ancient alchemist known as Diablo who offered him the false promise of a cure for his mutation. When Diablo tried to take over the world, the others stopped him with the assistance of Ben who quickly realized that Diablo couldn't cure him. [70] Reed and Sue then began working on a means of making peace with the Sub-Mariner. At that same time, they were also working with the press on a surprise news story about Ben and Johnny. Seeing this as Reed and Sue getting more publicity then they were, Johnny and Ben went out to earn fame, clashing with the Sub-Mariner and souring the peace process. [71] Unaware that their foe Dr. Doom had returned from space, nor that he was the secret ruler of the nation of Latveria , Sue and the others agreed to an invitation to the Latveria embassy. There Doom tricked the Fantastic Four into drinking a drugged beverage that made them see the worst of each other forcing the team to fight each other. Sue had a hallucination that made it appear that Reed was romancing another woman, causing a fight between the two. However, Reed properly deduced that Doom was responsible and in the final fight with his foe, Reed challenged him to a match of the minds using a device that would destroy the one with the weaker brain power. However, this was all a ruse by Reed, who turned Doom's trick around by fooling him into drinking a drugged beverage that made Doom believe he had won. Thinking Richards was destroyed, Dr. Doom left without issue. [72]

Reed Proposes [ ]

The Mole Man then resurfaced and sunk a New York City block, taking Sue hostage. Reed and the others freed her and defeated the Mole Man, but Sue was injured. Johnny and Sue's father Franklin , who had just broken out of prison, treated Sue, saving her life before being apprehended again. [73] Later it appeared that Franklin Storm gained all the powers of the Fantastic Four and broke out of jail, reinventing himself as a costumed criminal called the Invincible Man. However, Reed correctly deduced that Franklin had been captured by the Skrulls and that their agent the Super-Skrull was posing as Franklin in order to prevent the Fantastic Four from interfering with their invasion plans. Reed built a weapon that threatened to destroy the Skrull homeworld and forced the Skrulls to return Franklin to Earth, but they rigged him with a bomb to kill the Fantastic Four. Unwilling to harm his children, Franklin Storm sacrificed his life to blunt the blow. Dying his final words to his children was how proud he was of them. [1] Later, Oscorp employee David Lowell experimented on himself turning into the super-powered Sundown and began terrorizing the city. Sue joined Spider-Man, the Fantastic Four, Avengers, Dr. Strange and the X-Men in defeating the foe. [74]

Sue next joined her teammates in accompanying Lady Dorma back to Atlantis to assist Namor in repelling the invasion forces of the warlord Attuma . [75] The Fantastic Four were next targeted by millionaire Gregory Gideon who sought to eliminate the Fantastic Four in a bid to rule the world. As part of this plot, he fabricated evidence that convinced the Sue that Johnny was a robot duplicate built by Dr. Doom. However the Four realized the deception and Gideon was stopped when his son was almost harmed in his schemes. [76] Sue later found himself pulled into one of Johnny's regular feuds with Spider-Man, but she ultimately stopped the fight. [77] Shortly after this Reed became so engrossed in an experiment that Sue felt neglected and agreed to go on a date with Spider-Man to try and make him jealous. This led to a clash between Spider-Man and the jealous Sub-Mariner but this had no apparent effect on Reed, who was typically quite possessive of Sue in similar situations. [78]

Sue later followed Reed was later invited to a speaking engagement at his former alma mater Statue University. The FF's old foe Diablo resurfaced and brought to life Professor Gregson Gilbert 's Dragon Man Android. A primitive creature, the Dragon Man was easily soothed by Sue's beauty until Diablo upset the creature again. The battle ended with the Dragon Man and Diablo both seemingly drowning below Dead Man's Lake. Following this adventure, Reed finally mustered up the nerve to ask Sue to marry him, a proposal she accepted. [79]

Avenging Her Father [ ]

Not long after this, some of the Human Torch's rogue galleries soon came back to haunt him when the Wizard organized his counter group called the Frightful Four which consisted of Paste-Pot Pete , the Sandman , and the mysterious woman known only as Medusa . Reed, Sue, and Ben were attacked after celebrating Reed's proposal and captured. However, Alicia managed to signal Johnny who was away from the Baxter Building at the time. Johnny helped free his teammates and they defeated the Frightful Four, who managed to escape capture. [80] Sue and the others later discovered that the Mole Man was responsible for the theft of various classic works of art and put a stop to this scheme. [81] Before she could go to the altar, Sue insisted that they bring the Skrull responsible for murdering their father. Reed was convinced and soon the Fantastic Four flew to the Skrull homeworld. There they found that their powers were weakening, and they were soon captured by Warlord Morrat the man responsible for killing Franklin Storm. Unknown to the Four at the time, Morrat was attempting to usurp the throne from Skrull ruler Emperor Dorrek and win the hand of Princess Anelle . The Four freed themselves and restored their powers using Reed's power-booster weapon. When Morrat's schemes were revealed he died under the orders of Dorrek VII. Although Sue got the vengeance she craved, Morrat's death did not sit well with her. [82]

Powerless [ ]

The Frightful Four then struck at Reed and his teammates again. This time the villains were successful in capturing the entire group and leaving them stranded on an island with a Q-Bomb. Although the bomb went off, Sue saved their lives with an invisible force field at the last minute. [83]

Sue's force field harness [84]

However their exposure to Q-Bomb radiation stripped the Fantastic Four of their super-human powers. With no immediate means of restoring their powers, Reed quickly devised crude mechanical imitations of each members abilities, including a body harness for Sue that used electrical energy to create a forcefield. At this time, Doom had shaken off the hypnosis he was under and launched an attack on the Fantastic Four. The group were helped to cover by Daredevil who had been by to work on legal paperwork with Reed in his alter ego of Matt Murdock. [84] Doom had taken over the Baxter Building, prompting Daredevil to lead the powerless Fantastic Four into their headquarters. There Reed discovered that his power booster was fully recharged and used it to restore their powers, and Ben easily defeated Doom, but Ben was furious at Reed for changing him back into the Thing and quit the group. [85] Ben was then captured by the Frightful Four and exposed to their ID Machine , making him evil. Reed and the rest of the team went after Ben, but found themselves captured. [86] The FF broke free but Johnny was captured by the Frightful Four and also exposed to the ID Machine. Unknown to the foes at the time, Sue had sabotaged the machine during the fight, and Johnny was only pretending to be loyal to the Wizard, while Reed and Sue managed to knock out Ben and flee the scene with him. [87] Eventually, the Frightful Four saw through this ruse and took Johnny prisoner. While at the Baxter Building, Reed developed a device that reversed the effects of the ID Machine. When both he and Sue were fighting a losing battle against the Frightful Four, Ben revived and helped defeat the villains, although Medusa managed to escape. [88]

The Wedding [ ]

Soon it was Reed and Sue's wedding day and among the guests in attendance were the Avengers, the X-Men, Doctor Strange, Nick Fury and his agents of SHIELD , and Spider-Man. Dr. Doom, seeking revenge for his previous defeat used an Emotion Charger to make various villains feel compelled to attack the wedding. These criminals included regular Fantastic Four foes such as the Puppet Master, Red Ghost and his Super-Apes, Mole Man and his Moloids, the Mad Thinker and his Awesome Android, Super-Skrull, the Beetle , Attuma; as well as Iron Man's foe the Mandarin , Black Knight , the Unicorn , the Melter ; Thor 's foes such as the Grey Gargoyle , the Cobra , Mr. Hyde , the Enchantress , and the Executioner ; Avengers' foe the future warlord Kang the Conqueror; Spider-Man's nemesis Electro, Giant-Man's foe the Human Top , and members of the terrorist organization known as Hydra . While the wedding attendees fought the army of super-villains, Reed was visited to the Watcher who offered Reed any of his scientific devices at his disposal. Reed chose a Time Displacer that returned all the villains to where they came from with no memory of their battle. The device also apparently affected Dr. Doom as Reed and Sue were able to finally be married without any further interruption. [89]

When Reed and Sue left to consummate their marriage they briefly found themselves transported to a gathering of future and alternate reality incarnations of themselves who were gathered to celebrate the 40th wedding anniversary of versions of themselves from a possible future. After this encounter, they were returned to their proper era where they honeymooned at the Watcher's citadel on the Blue Area of the Moon, seemingly no longer remembering their encounter with their multiple selves. [9] Later the Mad Thinker went on a rampage through Manhattan with his Awesome Android again soon after. This led to yet another clash with the Fantastic Four. The Thinker was defeated this time thanks to the assistance of Marvel Girl of the X-Men, who was under evaluation by the Invisible Girl for Professor X at the time. After the Thinker was apprehended, the Fantastic Four and X-Men dismantled his secret headquarters hidden in a rock quarry outside of New York. [90]

New Discoveries [ ]

Following the wedding, Medusa sought the Fantastic Four's assistance in evading capture by a being named Gorgan , a member of her race of Inhumans . While the others fought Gorgan, Johnny took Medusa to Dead Man's Lake near State University. Their presence there revived the Dragon Man who also attacked. In the three-way battle, Dragon Man absconded with Sue, leaving Reed and the others to be buried alive fighting Gorgon, who escaped with Medusa. [91] Pulling themselves out of the rubble, they were quickly reunited with Sue who managed to tame the Dragon Man. Reed then placed the Dragon Man at the Baxter Building for later examination. Johnny eventually found the Inhumans when he discovered and instantly fell in love with the youthful Crystal who mistook Johnny for one of her people, she brought him to the secret location where she was hiding out with her leader Black Bolt , Karnak , Triton , her sister Medusa, Gorgon and her teleporting dog Lockjaw . Recognized by Gorgon and Medusa, the Inhumans tried to stop Johnny before someone called the Seeker found them. Johnny, in turn, summoned his teammates who came to his aid. [92]

During the course of the battle, the Inhumans decided to flee before they were captured. When Reed and his teammates returned to headquarters they learned that the Seeker captured Dragon Man, whom the Seeker mistook for an Inhuman. The team went after Dragon Man and learned that the Seeker sought to capture the rogue Inhuman Royal Family to bring them back to his ruler the insane Maximus , in the ensuing battle the Dragon Man managed to escape. [93] Easily subduing Dragon Man, the Four followed the Seeker back to the Great Refuge , home of the Inhumans. They had arrived just as Black Bolt had retaken the throne from Maximus. However Maximus was not ready to admit defeat, seeking to conquer the Earth for his fellow Inhumans, Maximus activated his Atmo-Gun in the hopes of wiping out the human race. [94] However Inhumans and humans proved to be much similar and the weapon had only a mild effect. Furious, Maximus then attempted to seal off the Great Refuge in an impenetrable Negative Barrier . Johnny refused to leave Crystal and was forced to leave by his teammates. Trapped outside the Great Refuge, Johnny vowed to find a way back to Crystal no matter what.

Galactus [ ]

However, the group found themselves going from one crisis to an even larger one when the Watcher attempted to obscure the Earth from the Silver Surfer , herald of the planet-eating Galactus . The group failed to stop the Surfer from summoning his master to Earth. [95] Further attacks directly at Galactus also were met with failure. The Watcher then approached Johnny giving him the power to travel great distances via space-time distortion. Johnny was then led to Galactus' Worldship to obtain the one weapon that could stop Galactus, while Sue and the others faced off against Galactus and his robot guardian the Punisher . [96] Johnny returned to Earth just as the Silver Surfer joined the Fantastic Four in trying to stop his master. Johnny then turned over the Ultimate Nullifier to Reed who then used it to bluff Galactus into surrendering. Galactus agreed to not consume the Earth, and left but not before exiling the Surfer to Earth. [97] With Galactus defeated, Reed began focusing his time on developing devices to deal with cosmic level threats, neglecting his newlywed wife. He also began working on a portal to an anti-matter dimension he originally called Sub-Space (later referred to as the Negative Zone). It was around this time that Ben went through one of his depressions over his mutation and was manipulated by a scientist named Ricardo Jones into transferring his powers to Ricardo. Posing as the Thing, Ricardo sought to kill Reed to steal his scientific achievements. When the now human Ben Grimm tried to warn Reed and Sue of the impostor in their midst, they did not believe Ben and kicked him out of his lab. However, Ricardo realized how brave and selfless a man Reed Richards was when he went into the Negative Zone alone. When Reed was at risk of being destroyed in the anti-matter barrier in the center of the Negative Zone, Ricardo selflessly sacrificed his life to save Reed and get him home. With Ricardo's death, Ben reverted to his mutated state and returned to the group. [98]

The Black Panther [ ]

Sue later accepted an invitation for the Fantastic Four to visit the reclusive nation of Wakanda by the Black Panther , the group also brought with them Johnny's new college roommate Wyatt Wingfoot . The Panther combated with the Fantastic Four to test their abilities and the Four ultimately won, winning the friendship of the Panther. [99] Sue and the others next helped the Black Panther defend his nations supply of rare Vibranium metal from Ulysses Klaw who was responsible for murdering the Black Panther's father. While the FF fought against Klaw's solid sound constructs, the Black Panther fought Klaw to the seeming death. [100] After a baseball game and receiving gifts from the Black Panther, Reed, Sue, and Ben returned to New York while Johnny and Wyatt went off to find a way to free Crystal and the Inhumans from the Great Refuge. [101] Back in New York, the Thing got into a fight with the Silver Surfer, whom Ben assumed was trying to steal Alicia away from him. Reed and Sue eventually intervened, convincing Ben that the Surfer posted no threat to his relationship. [102] Soon Sue and the others were reunited with Johnny and Wyatt who were teleported back to New York by Lockjaw on their quest to free the Inhumans. During this time the Mad Thinker and his sentient computer Quasimodo , recovered the body of the original android Human Torch , a hero from the 1940s and revived him. The Thinker then sent the original Human Torch after his successor. Sue and the others came to Johnny's aid and convinced the android Torch to join them in stopping the Thinker. However in the final battle, Quasimodo seemingly slew the android and the Mad Thinker successfully escaped. Wyatt and Johnny then left to resume their quest, leaving Reed and Sue to intern the original Torch's body in the Thinker's lab. [103]

Cosmic Doom [ ]

The Baxter Building was later attacked by Ulysses Klaw, who had survived his last battle by converting himself into a being of solid sound. He trapped Ben and Reed in the Negative Zone chamber and then terrorized Sue. However, Reed ultimately defeated Klaw when the Black Panther sent him Vibranium knuckles which he used to beat Klaw into submission. [104] Reed, Sue and Ben were next called to State Prison where they found the Sandman trying to break the Wizard out of prison. While they thwarted the prison break, the Sandman managed to escape. They then returned to base where the Sandman ambushed them, and before they could stop him escaped with a bunch of equipment stolen from Reed's lab. Also at that time, unknown to them, Dr. Doom tricked the Silver Surfer into visiting his kingdom then used his scientific equipment to steal the Surfer's Power Cosmic for himself. [105] Dr. Doom then attacked the Fantastic Four, and even the return of the Human Torch did little to stand against the cosmic-powered Dr. Doom. Ultimately Reed had to admit defeat, and Doom decided to spare their lives for a while longer. [106] After warning the world governments about Doom, Reed was granted permission from the United Nations to deal with Doom first. Recalling how the Surfer was exiled on Earth, Richards began working on a prototype of an Anti-Cosmic Flying Wing to defeat Doom. [107] Reed led the Fantastic Four into battle while the U.S. Army and Stark Industries worked on a larger version of the Flying Wing. Reed distracted Doom long enough for the Flying Wing to be completed. The device then lured Doom out of Earth's atmosphere and into the barrier that Galactus put in place to keep the Surfer on Earth. The resulting impact seemingly slew Doom and the Power Cosmic was reverted back to the Silver Surfer. [108]

Threats from the Negative Zone [ ]

When returning home the FF were attacked by the Sandman once again, who used the devices stolen from Reed to construct a new high-tech costume. During the fight, Reed's portal to the Negative Zone was accidentally opened and while the Sandman managed to escape, Reed was sucked into it and was at the risk of death as he drifter uncontrollably into a nullification zone. [109] It was during this tragic turn of events that Crystal revealed that she and her people escaped the Great Refuge. Understanding the Fantastic Four's plight, Crystal obtains the aid of Triton, who used his swimming prowess to rescue Reed from the Negative Zone. However they were followed back to Earth by an exiled criminal named Blastaar . [110] Blastaar came across the Sandman and the two teamed up to attack New York City. While most of the team were busy fighting the pair, Reed developed a helmet that would subdue Blastaar. While the Sandman managed to escape capture once again, Blastaar faired worse when Reed succeeded in placing the helmet on his head, knocking him out. [111]

Back at the Baxter Building, Sue and her teammates encountered future mercenary Deadpool and his sidekick Hydra Bob who had been travelling through history trying to get back to their own era roughly 8 years in Reed's future. Reed put in his scientific know-how to try and help Deadpool and Bob return to their own time, a task made harder due to temporal flashes that erased their short-term memory in order to maintain histories proper order. Sue and her teammates succeed in returning Deadpool to his own time with the assistance of his a future incarnation of the Fantastic Four who was under the leadership of the Black Panther during that future time. Sue's memory of this encounter was erased thanks to the temporal flashes that preserved the timeline. [112]

The Kree [ ]

Having finally become fed up with Reed ignoring her in favor his work, Sue convinced him that they should go on a vacation. However it was not the relaxing trip they planned when on remote island where they were attacked by the Kree Sentry left on Earth millions of years ago, Johnny rushed to his teammate's aid and helped destroy the robot. [113] This earned the ire the Kree's leader the Supreme Intelligence who sent his agent Ronan the Accuser to punish the Fantastic Four. Reed and Sue were teleported away while on a date, but they and their teammates succeeded in defeating Ronan who fled back to the Kree galaxy. [114] It was soon discovered that Alicia had gone missing during their battle with Ronan and Reed went right to work to find clues to her whereabouts. Developing a heat image scanner, Reed was able to reconstruct a scene in Alicia's apartment where she was lured away by a Jerome Hamilton a scientist who worked for the secret Enclave organization. [115] Reed duplicated a bracelet that Hamilton wore to teleport Alicia to the Enclave's scientific laboratories called the Beehive . However, reed insisted that Sue stay behind and they succeeded in rescuing Alicia without her. [116]

Sue's Pregnancy [ ]

Not long after their return from the Enclave, Sue collapsed and Reed's examinations found that Sue was pregnant with his child, much to everyone's delight. However this put her out of action when Ben and Johnny went to stop the Microverse tyrant known as Psycho-Man . [117]

Sue's mini-skirt uniform

After recovering enough to continue her regular activities, Sue decided to alter her costume converting it into a mini-skirt. With Ben once more depressed over his mutation, Reed enlisted the aid of famous chemist Dr. Santini to try and cure Ben. However unknown to them at the time, Santini was replaced by the Mad Thinker who altered the experiment so that it turned Ben evil instead of curing him. [118] While Sue and the others fought Ben, the Mad Thinker had free reign of all of Reed's experiments. Unwilling to destroy their teammate, the Fantastic Four were easily defeated by the Thing in the first bout. [119] When Reed deduced that the Mad Thinker was involved, the team then stormed the Thinker's secret lab, rescuing Sanitni and apprehending the Thinker. Returning to base, they were attacked by the Thing once again, but Reed managed to blast him with Menta-Wave Unit restoring Ben to normal just as the Mad Thinker's newest Android arrived to finish them off. [120] Johnny, Ben and Reed battled the android, with Sue mostly staying on the sidelines. Ultimately dumping it into the Negative Zone, however, the experienced proved to Reed that he and his pregnant wife could not be safe at the Baxter Building and he resolved to leave the group. [121]

While Reed and Sue headed off to California, Johnny, Ben, and Crystal were left to determine the fate of the group, when they were suddenly approached by the Watcher. The Watcher warned that the Silver Surfer was going to menace the world in a misguided attempt to unify humanity. Johnny and Ben were joined by Reed who was teleported back to New York by the Watcher in stopping the Surfer, convincing the alien the folly of his plans. Reed and Sue decided to remain at the Baxter building. [122] Having survived his last encounter with the Fantastic Four, Dr. Doom tricked the Fantastic Four into thinking that the heroic Daredevil had been possessed by Doom himself, putting the team on alert. [123] This led to a fight between the male members of the team and Daredevil, Spider-Man and Thor until Sue broke up the fight. [124] When the Silver Surfer came to the Fantastic Four for assistance in stopping his former master from enslaving him again, Reed kept it a secret from Sue having Crystal keep an eye on her to prevent Sue from learning of the danger and worrying about his safety, or joining the fight herself, [125] [126] however Sue eventually deduced that Crystal was hiding things from her anyway. [127] Sue began to worry about Reed to the point of hysterics and had to be sedated by the Silver Surfer. Eventually, Reed and the others stopped Galactus and the Psycho-Man during this time. [128]

A Complicated Birth [ ]

Sue's pregnancy was about to come to term and so she was brought to the hospital. There the examining physicians found something strange in her blood. [129] Reed was called in and he determined that the cosmic rays that gave Sue her powers were also having an adverse effect on her pregnancy that threatened to kill both Sue and her unborn child. Although Reed was visibly troubled by this, he resolved not to tell his wife a thing, although she did suspect there was something wrong. [130] Reed revealed to Ben and Johnny that the cosmic rays that powered Sue were complicating her pregnancy threatening to kill both Sue and her unborn child during birth. Having discovered that a power source in the Negative Zone could save his wife Reed was determined to go alone, but Johnny and Ben refused to let do so and accompanied him. Traveling into the Negative Zone together they were captured by the brutal Darwinist known as Annihilus who captured the group. Learning that Annihilus' Cosmic Control Rod was the energy source Reed needed, the trio stole it and attempted to flee the Negative Zone, however caught between Annihilus and the Annihilation Zone, Reed compromised with the strange creature, syphoning the energy he needed and returning it to Annihilus in exchange for safe passage back to Earth. Rushing to the hospital, Reed succeeded in saving Sue's life, who gave birth to a healthy baby boy . [131]

Early Motherhood [ ]

With Sue unable to play an active role on the team to raise her newborn son, Crystal petitioned to join the team and proved herself when they were later attacked by the Wizard. [132] Shortly thereafter, Sue and her teammates were invited to a wedding party being thrown at Avengers Mansion for Yellowjacket and the Wasp . [133] While the team went on a mission to the Great Refuge [134] Sue struggled with an important problem, trying to find a name for her newborn son. [135] After finishing their mission in the Great Refuge, Reed and the others were sent to Latveria to investigate rumors that Dr. Doom was building an army of robots, [136] Sue began searching for a new home for her family. Eventually, she was shown a strange house that was partially buried in the ground with no record on file and found it's secluded location perfect. [137] Having grown worried about Reed and the others, Sue learned of their mission from Nick Fury and arrived just in time to save them from a massive explosion that Doom set off to destroy the village the team was hiding out in. [138] Splitting up, Johnny, Reed, and Ben fought with Doom's minion Gustav Hauptmann , a Nazi war criminal, while Sue and Crystal managed to find Doom who invited them to a meal while they watched the battle. However, when Hauptmann almost destroyed Doom's priceless artwork, he slew Hauptmann and allowed Sue and the others to go free, having grown weary of the ongoing battle. [139]

Sue then took her teammates to see the new house she had selected for them to raise the baby in. However they were all unaware that the Mole Man had developed the building to blind the entire team and defeat them in battle before turning his blinding device on the entire world. [140] Reed and the others were outmatched without their vision until a stray shot seriously wounded Reed and destroyed the device making them blind. Furious, Johnny savagely went after the Mole Man and subdued him before he could activate a device that would blind the entire world. [141] The Mole Man then managed to escape, then set the house to self-destruct, forcing the Fantastic Four to abandon it before they could be slain in the blast. [142] When Sue arrived back at the Baxter Building he learned that Ben, who left prior to the house blowing up, went missing. After fruitless hours scouring the city searching for him, Reed was able to determine that the Thing had been captured by the Skrulls. [143] After Reed tracked Ben to the planet Kral IV , Sue asked to accompany them, but Reed refused to tell her to stay behind and care for the baby. [144] Ultimately, Reed and the others were successful in saving Ben and returned home unscathed. [145]

Continuity Notes [ ]

• ↑ Fantastic Four #11 states that Sue was a "girl next door" which is not too far from the truth, given that Before the Fantastic Four: The Storms #1 establishes that Sue and Johnny lived in their family home nearby. 1986's Fantastic Four #291 states that Sue was "TWELVE YEARS OLD" when she first met Reed. This is reinforced in 2007's Fantastic Four #543 although it prints "13 YEARS OLD" 2013's Fantastic Four (Vol. 4) #4 depicts Sue as being in her late teens (a college freshman) when she and Reed first met. The change in age was an editorial decision made in 2013 as Reed having a romantic interest in a girl he first met when she was 12 years old was deemed inappropriate for the times, and this greatly altered the personal history of both Reed and Sue.
• ↑ The Quiet Man didn't let his scheme be known until many decades later and have been chronicled in Fantastic Four (Vol. 5) #1 - 14 and Fantastic Four #642 - 645

References [ ]

• ↑ 1.0 1.1 Fantastic Four #32
• ↑ Fantastic Four #291
• ↑ 3.0 3.1 Fantastic Four #543
• ↑ 5.0 5.1 Before the Fantastic Four: The Storms #1
• ↑ 6.0 6.1 Before the Fantastic Four: The Storms #3
• ↑ Before the Fantastic Four: The Storms #2
• ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Fantastic Four (Vol. 4) #4
• ↑ 9.0 9.1 Fantastic Four: The Wedding Special #1
• ↑ What If? #42
• ↑ Fantastic Four #520
• ↑ Fantastic Four (Vol. 5) #14
• ↑ 13.0 13.1 Fantastic Four: First Family #5
• ↑ Fantastic Four in ¡Ataque del M.O.D.O.K.! #1
• ↑ Fantastic Four #271
• ↑ Marvel: The Lost Generation #12
• ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Fantastic Four #1
• ↑ Fantastic Four: First Family #1
• ↑ 19.0 19.1 Fantastic Four: First Family #2
• ↑ Fantastic Four #2
• ↑ Fantastic Four: First Family #3
• ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Fantastic Four: First Family #4
• ↑ Fantastic Four: First Family #6
• ↑ Marvel Monsters: Fin Fang Four #1
• ↑ Fantastic Four #3
• ↑ Fantastic Four #4
• ↑ Fantastic Four #5
• ↑ Fantastic Four #6
• ↑ Strange Tales #101
• ↑ Fantastic Four #7
• ↑ Strange Tales #102
• ↑ Fantastic Four #8
• ↑ Fantastic Four #9
• ↑ Amazing Spider-Man #1
• ↑ 36.0 36.1 Fantastic Four Annual #1
• ↑ Amazing Spider-Man #375
• ↑ Fantastic Four #10
• ↑ 39.0 39.1 Sentry/Fantastic Four #1
• ↑ Strange Tales #105
• ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 Fantastic Four #11
• ↑ Strange Tales #106
• ↑ Marvel Comics Presents #160
• ↑ Marvel Comics Presents #161
• ↑ Fantastic Four #12
• ↑ Fantastic Four #13
• ↑ Fantastic Four #14
• ↑ Fantastic Four #15
• ↑ Thor: First Thunder #5
• ↑ Fantastic Four #16
• ↑ Fantastic Four #17
• ↑ Amazing Spider-Man #5
• ↑ Fantastic Four #18
• ↑ 54.0 54.1 Fantastic Four #19
• ↑ Rise of Apocalypse #3
• ↑ Doctor Strange (Vol. 2) #53
• ↑ West Coast Avengers (Vol. 2) #22
• ↑ Fantastic Four #20
• ↑ Fantastic Four #21
• ↑ Fantastic Four #22
• ↑ Strange Tales #118
• ↑ Fantastic Four #23
• ↑ Fantastic Four #24
• ↑ Fantastic Four #25
• ↑ Fantastic Four #26
• ↑ Fantastic Four #27
• ↑ Fantastic Four #28
• ↑ Spider-Man Family (Vol. 2) #3
• ↑ Fantastic Four #29
• ↑ Fantastic Four #30
• ↑ Strange Tales #125
• ↑ Fantastic Four Annual #2
• ↑ Fantastic Four #31
• ↑ Untold Tales of Spider-Man '97 #1
• ↑ Fantastic Four #33
• ↑ Fantastic Four #34
• ↑ Amazing Spider-Man #8
• ↑ Untold Tales of Spider-Man '96 #1
• ↑ Fantastic Four #35
• ↑ Fantastic Four #36
• ↑ Spider-Man Human Torch #1
• ↑ Fantastic Four #37
• ↑ Fantastic Four #38
• ↑ 84.0 84.1 Fantastic Four #39
• ↑ Fantastic Four #40
• ↑ Fantastic Four #41
• ↑ Fantastic Four #42
• ↑ Fantastic Four #43
• ↑ Fantastic Four Annual #3
• ↑ X-Men First Class (Vol. 2) #1
• ↑ Fantastic Four #44
• ↑ Fantastic Four #45
• ↑ Fantastic Four #46
• ↑ Fantastic Four #47
• ↑ Fantastic Four #48
• ↑ Fantastic Four #49
• ↑ Fantastic Four #50
• ↑ Fantastic Four #51
• ↑ Fantastic Four #52
• ↑ Fantastic Four #53
• ↑ Fantastic Four #54
• ↑ Fantastic Four #55
• ↑ Fantastic Four Annual #4
• ↑ Fantastic Four #56
• ↑ Fantastic Four #57
• ↑ Fantastic Four #58
• ↑ Fantastic Four #59
• ↑ Fantastic Four #60
• ↑ Fantastic Four #61
• ↑ Fantastic Four #62
• ↑ Fantastic Four #63
• ↑ Cable & Deadpool #46
• ↑ Fantastic Four #64
• ↑ Fantastic Four #65
• ↑ Fantastic Four #66
• ↑ Fantastic Four #67
• ↑ Fantastic Four Annual #5
• ↑ Fantastic Four #68
• ↑ Fantastic Four #69
• ↑ Fantastic Four #70
• ↑ Fantastic Four #71
• ↑ Fantastic Four #72
• ↑ Daredevil #38
• ↑ Fantastic Four #73
• ↑ Fantastic Four #74
• ↑ Fantastic Four #75
• ↑ Fantastic Four #76
• ↑ Fantastic Four #77
• ↑ Fantastic Four #78
• ↑ Fantastic Four #79
• ↑ Fantastic Four Annual #6
• ↑ Fantastic Four #81
• ↑ Avengers #60
• ↑ Fantastic Four #82
• ↑ Fantastic Four #83
• ↑ Fantastic Four #84
• ↑ Fantastic Four #85
• ↑ Fantastic Four #86
• ↑ Fantastic Four #87
• ↑ Fantastic Four #88
• ↑ Fantastic Four #89
• ↑ Fantastic Four #90
• ↑ Fantastic Four #91
• ↑ Fantastic Four #92
• ↑ Fantastic Four #93
• 1 Mutant Power Level Classification
• 2 James Howlett (Earth-616)
• 3 Onslaught (Psychic Entity) (Earth-616)

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Understanding Travel Agent Liability

(This may not be the same place you live)

  Are Travel Agencies Subject to Specific Laws?

Yes, travel agencies and travel agents are subject to specific laws. A travel agency is a business that makes arrangements for individuals who are traveling, including booking airline tickets and hotel rooms.

Travel agencies and their agents are subject to travel law. Travel law regulates the travel industry. Travel law includes:

• Federal laws;
• State laws;
• Common law; and
• International laws.

Each state has consumer disclosure and fraud statutes as well as refund policy requirements for businesses that arrange and/or sell travel services. Some states have created specific laws for regulation, registration, and licensing for those who sell travel. The majority of states do not require travel agents to obtain a license. However, California and Florida require travel agents to register with the applicable state agency.

What are the Responsibilities of Travel Agents?

What are the legal duties and obligations of travel agents, what is travel insurance, is trip insurance required, can my travel agent be liable for problems i encounter on my trip, do travel agents need insurance, do i need a lawyer if i have a claim against my travel agent.

Travel agents have many responsibilities. A travel agent definition is someone who sells and arranges transportation, accommodations, tours, and/or trips for travelers. They are fiduciaries , or representatives, of their customers. They are responsible for general duties in arranging travel plans. A travel agent should:

• Make and confirm reservations, including itinerary changes and delivery of tickets;
• Disclose the identity of tour operator and/or the supplier responsible for the services;
• Vouch for the reliability of the supplier and/or provide a warranty for services;
• Investigate the availability of travel services, such as cancelled flights and/or overbooked hotels;
• Convey needed information and provide needed travel documentation;
• Provide information on health and safety hazards;
• Advise on the availability of travel insurance ; and
• Inform customers of any restrictions on transportation tickets.

According to the state courts, travel agents have a higher standard of care because they have a special relationship with their customers. This includes special duties and obligations owed to their customers. Travel agents duties and obligations include:

• A duty to warn the customer;
• A duty to investigate and disclose;
• A duty to inform;
• A duty to make reservations; and
• A duty to confirm reservations.

The duty to warn the customer includes a duty to reveal any negative information they have regarding the destination of the traveler. An example of this is if the traveler is going to a high crime area.

The duty to investigate and disclose includes a duty to investigate travel plans and be knowledgeable about the area to which the traveler is going. This includes knowing if there are certain conditions that would affect the consumers travel plans, such as a community event that may cause travel interference or delays.

The travel agent’s duty to inform means the agent has a duty to inform their clients about important travel information. They must inform clients about things such as:

• Limitations on ticket changes;
• Documents needed to travel;
• Whether certain countries have requirements; and
• The availability of travel insurance.

The travel agent has a duty to make reservations at the request of the customer. The travel agent also has a duty to confirm those reservations and make sure they are ready for the customer.

Travel insurance reimburses a traveler for costs related to events that may occur during their trip. It is designed to cover those who purchase coverage for financial implications of issues that may arise during their trip. It may include costs incurred prior to travel, such as non-refundable tickets or hotel stays and/or events that occur during a trip, including travel interruptions and medical expenses.

Travel insurance usually covers 5 main categories, including:

• Trip cancellations;
• Travel medical coverage;
• Major medical coverage;
• Emergency medical evacuation; and/or
• Accidental death/flight accident.

Travel insurance is an optional coverage that the traveler can purchase when they book their trip. Should they wish, a lawyer can review the terms and conditions of any travel insurance.

As noted above, trip or travel insurance is an optional coverage a traveler may purchase prior to taking a trip. In most cases, an individual’s homeowner’s insurance and/or health insurance policies will cover any medical costs or lost property, while at home or traveling. An individual’s life insurance policy will usually cover the individual and their family members while traveling. Additionally, airlines must reimburse a passenger if they lose their baggage.

A traveler can also purchase trip cancellation or trip interruption insurance, which will cover any losses that are not covered by other insurance. This can be helpful to protect the cost of the trip, especially if it must be cut short due to unforeseen circumstances.

Travel can be extremely expensive, especially abroad. Trip insurance may assist with costs of travel delay and/or lost or damaged luggage if the airline fails to fully compensate the traveler. It may also protect a traveler from costly medical bills in the event they are injured or become ill during their trip. Trip insurance may cover extreme unforeseen circumstances such as emergency medical evacuation, accidental death and/or flight accidents.

There are times when travel agents may be liable for problems a customer encounters. Travel agents may be liable to their customers for:

• Violations of general duties;
• Fraudulent misrepresentations; and/or
• Violations of applicable state regulations.

Some common issues travelers may encounter include:

• A cancellation;
• Discrimination;
• Lost, stolen and/or damaged baggage;
• A violation of consumer protection laws; and/or
• A deceptive port charge.

Sometimes, when an individual books a vacation, they may have to sign a travel agency contract. These contracts are signed at the time the traveler books their trip. They may include:

• Baggage fees;
• Travel agent obligations;
• Cancellations;
• Payment terms;
• Additional fees;
• Travel documents;
• Confirmations;
• Governing laws; and/or
• Any other necessary clauses.

Yes, similar to other commercial businesses, travel agents benefit from obtaining business insurance to protect them from liability. Travel agent or travel agency insurance often comes in 2 forms: professional liability insurance and general liability insurance.

Travel agent liability insurance, or professional liability insurance, protects a travel agent for any errors that occur in business activities. It also assists when the travel agent is sued by a customer for not providing the service that the customer was due to receive per their contract.

General liability insurance protects travel agents and travel agencies in their officers where they meet with clients. This is generally for protection in case a claim related to an injury, such as a slip and fall accident, occurs.

Yes, travel laws can be complex and vary by jurisdiction. An experienced business lawyer will be able to assist you with any aspects of travel law. Every state has specific regulations regarding travel sellers. Travel law includes domestic and international laws. For these reasons, it is important to obtain the services of a lawyer to help navigate any claims.

A lawyer can assist with reviewing any contracts and/or documentation and determine if a claim exists. A lawyer can also represent you during any court proceedings or alternative dispute resolution processes, if necessary. A lawyer can also assist you with any issues that arise from travel insurance.

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Ukraine war latest: Ukraine sacks commander amid fierce battles with Russian forces; Putin reshuffle 'may hint he is preparing for future confrontation with NATO'

Fierce fighting is taking place in Ukraine's Kharkiv region, with Moscow claiming to have seized nine border villages in the area. And in Moscow, Vladimir Putin has replaced a long-time ally. Submit your question on the war for our experts below.

Monday 13 May 2024 16:03, UK

• Big picture: Everything you need to know as war enters a new week
• Russia claims control of nine villages after shock advance
• Threat of fighting spreading, says Kharkiv governor | Commander sacked
• Moscow forces walked 'freely' across border, Ukrainian soldier claims
• Putin reshuffle indicates he may be preparing for future confrontation with NATO - analysts
• Eyewitness: Deborah Haynes reports from town 'flattened' in offensive
• Analysis:  Putin's 'baffling' reshuffle explained
• Who is Andrei Belousov, Putin's new pick for defence minister?

Ask a question or make a comment

That's all our coverage for what has been an important day on the battlefield and beyond.

If you're just checking in, here is a recap of the key developments that took place since this morning.

You can scan the key points above or scroll back through our posts to find out more details.

We'll be back tomorrow with more updates and analysis on the war in Ukraine.

• Russian forces claimed to have captured nine villages northeastern Ukraine, having opened a second front in the Kharkiv region on Friday;
• The governor of Kharkiv said there was a threat of fighting spreading to other settlements;
• The military commander for the Kharkiv region was sacked;
• Hundreds of people were evacuated from towns near the border;
• Ukraine said it thwarted Russian agents plotting to set off a series of bomb attacks in Kyiv and the Western city of Lviv;
• Russia's acting foreign minister said the country was prepared if the West wanted to fight for Ukraine on the battlefield;
• Analysts said Vladimir Putin's choice of defence minister indicated he was preparing Russia for a protracted war.

As fighting continues in northeastern Kharkiv, its governor has issued some updates.

Russian forces struck a farm in the town of Korotychy, killing a civilian and wounding three others, said Oleh Syniehubov.

Another attack on Liptsiy injured a 71-year-old woman, who was rushed to hospital, he said.

The regional defence council has ordered the mandatory evacuation of 113 orphans from three settlements, said Oleh Syniehubov.

Plans have been laid out to evacuate a total of 1,600 residents today.

Just 200 to 300 people remain in the embattled town of Vovchansk, he said, which had a population of 2,500 before the assault and 17,000 before the war.

Russian agents plotted to set off a series of bomb attacks in Kyiv and the Western city of Lviv, Ukraine says.

The prosecutor general's office said authorities arrested two military agents over plans to blow up markets and a site near a cafe in the capital, as well as a defence enterprise in Lviv, seizing 19 explosive devices.

Four of the bombs were intended for Kyiv on Thursday, the day when Russia celebrates the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany in 1945, according to the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU).

"According to the plan of the Russian special service, the explosives were supposed to detonate during the supermarkets' peak hours to cause maximum damage to the civilian population," the agency said.

'Disguised as tea boxes'

The explosives intended for the Kyiv builders' markets were disguised as packages of tea, while a bomb was placed in a car for the cafe, according to the SBU.

The Lviv attack was meant to happen last February, the SBU said.

An unidentified defence enterprise was the target, according to prosecutors.

There was no immediate comment from Russia.

Last week, the SBU said it had caught two agents within the state protection department plotting the assassination of Volodymyr Zelenskiy and the head of military intelligence, Kyrylo Budanov.

The Ukrainian military says Russia has had a "partial success" near a village in northern Kharkiv.

But Ukrainian soldiers stopped Russian forces from moving further near Lukyantsi, the general staff said.

It said Russian troops have continued offensive actions, and Ukraine will build up its forces in the area depending on the situation.

Russia launched an incursion from the Belgorod region in Russia across the border into northern Kharkiv on Friday.

Analysts have warned it could stretch Ukrainian forces between two fronts, creating opportunities on the main frontline that Russia may exploit.

Echoing the analysis we featured earlier from the Insitute for the Study of War (see our 11.18am post), a senior Ukrainian official has said Vladimir Putin's reshuffle shows he wants to scale up the war effort.

Ukrainian presidential adviser Mykhailo Podolyak said: "Russia is finally isolating itself and will try to scale up the war, expand its formats while reconfiguring the economy."

In a surprise move, Vladimir Putin sacked his defence minister of 12 years Sergei Shoigu and named economist Adrei Belousov as Mr Shoigu's successor.

The Institute for the Study of War said Mr Belousov, who has no military experience, will be charged with integrating the defence industrial base into wider domestic policy, further placing Russia on a war footing.

It suggests the Kremlin is preparing for a protracted conflict with Ukraine - or even possibly a future confrontation with NATO, the ISW said.

Approximately 40 miles from the fighting in northeastern Kharkiv, children in the region's namesake city are undertaking their first lessons at an underground school.

The classrooms - the first of their kind - are heavily fortified in an effort to allow some pupils to return to in-person teaching out of reach of Russia's bombs.

Kharkiv's schools have been forced to teach online throughout the war as some Russian missiles can reach the city in under a minute.

Metro stations are playing host to dozens of classrooms, while others have been welded together from layers of steel reinforcing wire and poured cement.

Russia has been increasingly carrying out off-road motorbike attacks under the cover of darkness, according to British intelligence.

Lighter, faster, all-terrain vehicles have highly likely been used since the start of this year to hit Ukrainian positions, transport personnel to the frontlines and conduct reconnaissance, the UK defence ministry has said.

It said Russia reportedly purchased 2,100 Chinese off-road vehicles named Desertcross 1000-3, some of which were personally inspected by Vladimir Putin in November.

"Since the start of 2024, Russia has highly likely increased its use of light vehicles, such as all-terrain vehicles and off-road motorbikes, to transport personnel to the frontlines and conduct attacks on Ukrainian positions, particularly at night."

But the army has sacrificed armour and firepower for mobility, with light vehicles "far more vulnerable than their armoured counterparts", the UK MoD said.

Ukrainian drones have "already demonstrated their ability to effectively target" the vehicles, it added.

As we covered in some detail here earlier this year, Sweden dropped more than two centuries of historic neutrality by joining NATO.

The Baltic Sea, which includes maritime access to the Russian city of St Petersburg and the Kaliningrad enclave, is now almost surrounded by members of the alliance.

Today, Swedish prime minister Ulf Kristersson said Nordic and Baltic cooperation was "deeper than at any time in modern times", underpinned by increasing security threats from Russia.

He is hosting German chancellor Olaf Scholtz and the prime ministers of Denmark, Norway, Finland and Iceland in Stockholm, with security policy and NATO's July summit in Washington topping the agenda.

"We have long appreciated our neighbours, but at the same time underestimated the importance of concrete, operational cooperation," Mr Kristersson wrote in an op-ed in Swedish business paper Dagens Industri.

Meanwhile, the three Baltic prime ministers have been meeting in Lithuania to reaffirm that Moscow's intimidation is not going to dissuade them from supporting Ukraine.

Estonia's prime minister Kaja Kallas said that "Russia has also intensified the shadow war against all of European countries. It wants to really scare and intimidate the free world to scare us away from helping Ukraine".

"We shouldn't be scared," she added.

With a second front opening in the war and a surprise reshuffle in Vladimir Putin's cabinet, it's been an important week for the war in Ukraine.

Readers have been sending in their questions to our senior correspondents and military experts for their take on the changing battlefield environment.

Today, Jeanie asked:

Is Russia taking advantage and conducting an offensive in the border region due to the fact that several Western countries don't allow their weapons to be used on Russian soil?

Military analyst Sean Bell had this to say...

Thanks, Jeanie, for this very topical question.

Russia claims to have seized nine border settlements as part of a major offensive in the Kharkiv region. Although Ukraine has known for months that Russia was amassing military forces in the region - between 30,000 to 50 000 troops - the scale and ferocity of the attack appears to have caught Ukraine by surprise.

Although only Vladimir Putin and his senior military leadership will know the details of Russia's military strategy, most military analysts believe that Russia does not have the military resources to mount a significant and enduring second front without compromising the offensive in the Donbas - widely believed to be Russia's main effort.

However, Putin is well aware that Russia has a window of opportunity to capitalise on Ukraine's shortage of weapons, and by opening a second front, it forces Ukraine to spread its resources even more thinly, leaving Ukraine more vulnerable on the frontline in the Donbas.

Russia's military objectives for this new offensive appear to be to create a "buffer zone" to protect the Russian border town of Belgorod. This logistics hub for the Russian military effort is just within artillery range of Ukraine, and Putin has long promised to push the Ukrainian forces outside artillery range - around 30km. 

In addition, Russia wants to threaten Kharkiv, so it's pushing forward to enable its own artillery to be within range of this major Ukrainian city.

Moving large quantities of military personnel and equipment from the frontline cannot easily be done discreetly - which under normal circumstances would leave Russian forces vulnerable to Ukrainian attack. 

However, in an effort to limit the potential for escalation, the West has precluded the use of Western-provided weapons to target Russian forces on Russian territory. This significantly limits Ukraine's ability to target Russia's forces as they prepare for a fresh offensive.

However, although we can speculate on Putin's objectives, a battlefield is a dynamic environment, and Russia has considerable forces in reserve to capitalise on any momentum achieved during its current offensive.

Vladimir Putin's surprise choice of new defence minister Andrei Belousov has been speaking to a parliamentary committee as part of his confirmation process.

In his first public comments since being appointed to the post, he called for greater care for soldiers, including better access to housing, hospitals and welfare benefits. 

State media quoted him as saying there was too much bureaucracy surrounding the payment of benefits to military personnel. 

"I think it's a mess when participants in the special military operation who come back on holiday are driven from civilian medical institutions to hospitals which are often simply overcrowded. This issue needs to be resolved," Mr Belousov said.

The comments appeared to be aimed at demonstrating to members of the armed forces that he understands their concerns and will work to improve their conditions. 

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