travel to croatia covid restrictions

Croatia Travel Restrictions

Traveler's COVID-19 vaccination status

Traveling from the United States to Croatia

Open for vaccinated visitors

COVID-19 testing

Not required

Not required for vaccinated visitors

Restaurants

Not required in enclosed environments.

Croatia entry details and exceptions

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Can I travel to Croatia from the United States?

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Croatia.

Can I travel to Croatia if I am vaccinated?

Fully vaccinated visitors from the United States can enter Croatia without restrictions.

Can I travel to Croatia without being vaccinated?

Unvaccinated visitors from the United States can enter Croatia without restrictions.

Do I need a COVID test to enter Croatia?

Visitors from the United States are not required to present a negative COVID-19 PCR test or antigen result upon entering Croatia.

Can I travel to Croatia without quarantine?

Travelers from the United States are not required to quarantine.

Do I need to wear a mask in Croatia?

Mask usage in Croatia is not required in enclosed environments.

Are the restaurants and bars open in Croatia?

Restaurants in Croatia are open. Bars in Croatia are .

What to expect when traveling to Croatia this summer as rules are eased

May 4, 2022 • 1 min read

Croatia is reopening to visitors without restrictions © Getty Images

For travelers heading to  Croatia  this summer, vacations have gotten much easier to manage as the tourism board announced that all remaining pandemic entry restrictions have been dropped.

Following similar measures in other Mediterranean countries like Greece and Cyprus , Croatia has eliminated domestic restrictions and entry rules like the requirement to complete a passenger locator form and to present proof of vaccination or recovery at the borders.

The measures had been in place until April 30 and the government announced this week that they had decided not to extend them. 

Do you need a visa to go to Croatia?

“All travelers entering Croatia can now do so under the same conditions of entry that were in force before the  COVID19  pandemic, i.e. with valid  travel documents ,” the Croatian National Tourism Board said on Tuesday.

Croatia also did away with the mask mandate. Now it's only required to enter healthcare facilities.

How to get around in Croatia

There’s now little sign life was ever curtailed in Croatia over the past two years as domestic measures have been dropped too. Hospitality venues are open and operating at full capacity, festivals have returned, and beaches and museums are already welcoming steady streams of visitors even though the tourism season has yet to get into full swing.

See the best of Croatia with this week-long itinerary

"With a number of new hotels, restaurants, and events confirmed for this summer, Croatia is set for a strong season ahead," Darija Reic, director of the tourist board’s office in the UK, said in a statement.

You might also like:

How to spend a year in Croatia as a digital nomad The 6 most inspiring road trips in Croatia When to go to Croatia

This article was first published April 2021 and updated May 2022

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It’s True—Americans Can Travel to This Beautiful European Country Right Now

Croatian officials have confirmed that with a negative coronavirus test result or quarantine, leisure travelers from anywhere in the world—including from the united states—are allowed to visit croatia..

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With coronavirus precautions in place, Croatia is inviting back travelers from around the world.

Photo by Shutterstock

When we started seeing reports that Croatia was allowing Americans to travel to the beautiful Mediterranean country, we had to blink a few times—and then we had to confirm all the details to make sure we weren’t being led down yet another path of coronavirus-related false hope.

As it turns out, it’s true.

In late June, European Union leaders announced that when Europe opened its external borders on July 1, U.S. travelers would not be allowed to enter due to the ongoing coronavirus crisis stateside. Currently, only travelers from this list of 14 countries are now permitted to enter Europe.

But that decision wasn’t a legally binding one. When the announcement was made, EU leaders said that member countries should not stray from the list so that the lifting of travel restrictions could be done in a coordinated manner. But there have already been some deviances, including Germany, which is only allowing in 8 of the 14 countries on the list, and now Croatia.

While Croatia is a member of the European Union, it is not yet part of the border-free Schengen area, meaning travelers cannot cross Croatia’s borders into other European countries without being subjected to border controls. That means that travelers who enter into Croatia will not be able to easily or automatically enter other European countries.

“There are no diplomatic repercussions for Croatia for allowing U.S. travelers to come into the country. The country’s tourism industry stakeholders have taken every possible precaution,” says Ina Rodin, North America director for the Croatian National Tourist Office , a division of the Croatian government’s national tourist board.

For return travel—entering the United States from Croatia—it’s worth noting that a U.S. presidential proclamation restricts travelers from the European Schengen area, but the Schengen area does not include Croatia. Nevertheless, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) asks all travelers coming to the United States from abroad to self-quarantine for 14 days after their arrival.

For travelers who can and are willing to get a rapid-result COVID-19 test, Croatia is now an option.

What are the requirements for traveling to Croatia?

On July 10, the Croatian Institute for Public Health came to the decision that non-EU citizens, including those from the United States, who enter Croatia as tourists, business travelers, or as students can do so freely as long as they provide evidence of a negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic test (also known as the nasal swab test) for COVID-19. The result must have been procured within 48 hours of arriving at the Croatian border. Otherwise, there is a mandatory 14 days of self-isolation (at travelers’ own expense), which can be shortened to one week for travelers who take a COVID-19 test within 7 days after entering into Croatia and who receive a negative test result. COVID-19 testing in Croatia costs about $230 and the results can be expected in 1 to 2 days, according to the U.S. Embassy in Zagreb.

The embassy also cautioned travelers that Croatian health authorities are monitoring and enforcing quarantine orders, and they are authorized to fine individuals who violate the orders anywhere from 8,000 Croatian kuna (about US$1,200) for a first violation up to 120,000 Croatian kuna (or US$18,000) for repeat offenders.

Prior to arrival, visitors must fill in a travel form that is available online . On that form, they must provide evidence of their confirmed hotel or accommodation booking. After filling out the form, travelers will receive confirmation that it was submitted, and they will get instructions regarding the rules and regulations for traveling to and within Croatia at this time.

How can U.S. travelers get to Croatia?

There are no direct flights to Croatia, but there are connecting flights through major European hubs, including Frankfurt, Paris, Amsterdam, London, Vienna, Warsaw, Zurich, Berlin, and Oslo. The European Union’s travel restrictions include an exception for passengers in transit . U.S. citizens and permanent residents are allowed to enter the United States from European Schengen countries, but they must fly into one of 13 U.S. airports when they do so, according to guidance provided by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security .

Connecting flights from the United States to Zagreb are available on American, Delta, United, Air France, British Airways, Lufthansa, Turkish Airlines, and other carriers. The majority of airlines now require travelers to wear a mask during their flight.

The ultra-luxe 186-room Kempinski Hotel Adriatic Istria is open and welcoming travelers from abroad.

Courtesy of Kempinski Hotels

What is open, and is it safe in Croatia?

Croatia began easing its coronavirus-related restrictions on April 27. Since then, restaurants and bars have reopened with outdoor seating allowed, and public facilities such as beaches, swimming pools, national parks, and nature reserves are open with social-distancing protocols in place. Attractions like the famous Dubrovnik city walls are also welcoming visitors with social-distancing measures implemented.

Currently, there are 395 campgrounds and 786 hotels open throughout the country. Among them is the ultra-luxe 186-room Kempinski Hotel Adriatic Istria . The property is situated on the Adriatic coast, with two pools, a 30,000-square-foot spa, and an 18-hole golf course. At Kempinski hotels, staff wear gloves and masks, and enhanced sanitation and social-distancing measures have been put in place. Another option is the Maslina Resort , a sustainability-focused boutique property that is opening its doors on Croatia’s Hvar Island on August 10. With 33 rooms, 17 suites and 3 villas, the luxury seaside resort features olive groves, terraced vineyards, and views of the Adriatic Sea.

Regardless of where travelers are staying, the Croatia Institute of Health recommends that citizens and visitors maintain social-distancing measures, wear face masks on public transportation and in indoor areas, and frequently wash their hands. Social gatherings should be limited in size and scope. Those who work in the hospitality industry and those who serve or prepare meals and beverages are required to wear masks.

Visitors who develop symptoms of COVID-19 are asked to remain in their accommodation and contact a doctor.

As of July 15, Croatia had registered a total of 3,953 coronavirus cases, and 120 deaths, according to Johns Hopkins University .

Is it possible that travel to Croatia from the United States could be restricted again?

According to Rodin, the fluidity of the coronavirus pandemic means that decisions can always change, and that new restrictions affecting travel to Croatia could be put into place. But Rodin is hopeful that the current entry requirements and conditions will remain in place in Croatia for the foreseeable future.

“We hope for the best because things are looking up,” says Rodin. “The global pandemic caused by the coronavirus has posed tremendous challenges to the entire world. The virus will be endangering our lives until a vaccine is found and, in the meantime, we have to learn how to live with it.”

Croatia welcomed 20.6 million travelers in 2019, and 655,000 of them came from the United States. The beautiful Adriatic destination has been a rising star on the travel scene as a growing number of globe-trotters have discovered its charms, including the UNESCO World Heritage site old city of Dubrovnik , the charming Dalmatian Coast and Istrian peninsula , and the country’s arts and culture hub Zagreb .

>> Next: When Will We Be Able to Travel to Europe?

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Can I travel to Croatia? Entry requirements explained

Find out what tests you need to take, which forms you need to fill in and whether you need to be vaccinated to go on holiday in croatia.

A s far back as 1377, Dubrovnik (then called Ragusa) had a policy of quarantine, although it was 30 days rather than the later Venetian 40 from which we get the name. This proud walled city is the leading attraction of Croatia’ s Adriatic coast, although there’s much else to talk about, sheltered behind and among the thousand or more islands that fringe this mountainous shore. Less hyped historic ports include Trogir and Sibenik, and for all the glamour of Hvar, there are dozens more islands on which to indulge castaway fantasies. Don’t neglect inland areas either: agritourism in the hills of Istria, waterfalls in the national parks of Plitvice Lakes and Krka, or the capital Zagreb, with its more central European rather than Mediterranean feel.

But how easy is it to go to Croatia right now? Here’s everything you need to know on testing, passenger locator forms and entry requirements.

Main photo: Trogir, Croatia (Getty Images)

What are Croatia’s travel requirements?

From May 1, all travellers can enter Croatia with no documentation, regardless of vaccination status. A statement from the Croatia Tourist Board says: “All travellers entering Croatia can now do so under the same conditions of entry that were in force before the Covid-19 pandemic, ie with valid travel documents.”

Can you enter if you’re unvaccinated?

Yes, travellers regardless of vaccination status can enter Croatia with no requirements.

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Do i need to wear a mask in croatia.

The mask mandate has been relaxed across the country, and it’s no longer required to wear one indoors, although advised to wear one for large gatherings.

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7 of the most important planning tips to consider in Dubrovnik related to COVID-19, safety, weather, and more, according to a local

• If you're planning a trip to Dubrovnik, Croatia, be aware of weather and COVID-19 advisories.
• Carry cash, and avoid visiting in July and August unless you're ready for swarms of tourists.
• Visit Insider's hub for travel guides, tips, and recommendations .

Over 1.9 million tourists visited Dubrovnik in 2019 alone, making it one of the most popular destinations in the Mediterranean.

And yet as someone who has lived here for over four years, and originally came here seven years ago to study abroad, I still see a lot of tourists making common mistakes. Some forget to read up on entry restrictions, stay out in the sun too long, and forget essential items when packing. 

That's why as a Croatia travel advisor based in Dubrovnik, I help travelers navigate these logistics to ensure a smooth vacation. To avoid any headaches upon arrival, follow my list of things you need to know before coming to Dubrovnik.

COVID-19 restrictions in Dubrovnik 

Dubrovnik follows all the required COVID-19 regulations set by Croatia. To enter, you'll need one of the following: 

• A negative PCR test (taken 72 hours before arrival at the border) or an Antigen test (taken 24 hours before arrival at the border). 
• A vaccination certificate or booster dose certificate 
• Proof of recovery 
• Proof of recovery and the first dose of vaccine 

Alternatively, you can pay for a test upon arrival and remain in self-isolation until you receive a negative result. 

You should also fill out this Enter Croatia form here .

Currently, as of publishing, Croatia removed mask mandates. However, you do have to wear masks in medical institutions. 

Overtourism in Dubrovnik

Overtourism in Dubrovnik has been on the rise over the past decade. While Dubrovnik's local government is trying to combat this problem by restricting the number of cruise ships per day, tourist crowds in peak summer season are still a problem. 

I generally avoid the Old Town in July and August during the day for this reason. I also try not to drive into town during the summer, as there is usually a lack of parking and frequent traffic jams. 

The best way to combat overtourism is to consider visiting outside of the peak season. May, June, September, or October are all great alternative months when the weather is still sunny and warm and the crowds are far fewer.  

If you're set on a prime July or August visit, I recommend staying outside of the city center in areas like Župa or Cavtat, where you'll not only save money on accommodations, but you'll also be able to escape the crowds for a more relaxed stay. 

Cash in Dubrovnik 

I always make sure to carry cash in Dubrovnik. While cards are widely accepted, some bars or shops are often cash only. Plus, if you are shopping for souvenirs, some places will offer a cash discount. For example, I bought nice jewelry in Dubrovnik and received a 15% discount for paying in cash. 

Related stories

Although Croatia is part of the European Union, they are still using Croatian Kuna until the end of 2022. To get the best exchange rate, exchange Euros or US dollars inside any bank, or take out cash from a bank ATM. 

Weather in Dubrovnik 

Dubrovnik has a Mediterranean climate with mild winters and hot summers. The temperature can get up to 40 Celsius in the summer and the sun itself is extremely strong. I've seen tourists get sunstroke by spending too much time in the sun and not drinking enough water or wearing sufficient sunscreen. 

Practice caution when outside in the summer, especially between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. when the sun is the strongest. Wear sunscreen and a hat, drink lots of water, and try to find shade when you can. 

If you plan on visiting Dubrovnik in the spring, fall, or winter, be prepared for rain. The weather can change from clear skies to downpours in a matter of hours. If I'm going out during this time, I always make sure to throw a rain jacket or umbrella in my car. In many cases, I've needed it.

Packing tips for Dubrovnik

Not only is Dubrovnik filled with cobble-stoned streets, but there are also a lot of stairs, so packing comfortable shoes is essential. Sneakers or sandals that are durable are ideal, but if you do want to pack heels for a night out, I would opt for a block-heel or wedge over thin stilettos. 

Most beaches in Dubrovnik are rocky, which can make it tricky to get in and out of the water. That's why I always pack water shoes in my beach bag. You'll also avoid stepping on any sea urchins that you see along the rocks. 

I also always make sure to wear a proper shirt and shorts or dress over my swimsuit. It's not socially acceptable to walk around town in your swimwear, especially in the Old Town. It's also legally required that you wear shoes. 

Safety in the sea in Dubrovnik

I've traveled all over the world and Dubrovnik is still by far the place where I've felt the safest. In my experience, unlike other destinations in Europe, petty theft and crime are very rare. However, there are precautions to take as a traveler.

To start, Dubrovnik's rocky terrain makes it ideal for cliff jumping. However, we locals know that you can't just do this anywhere. Some rocks are unstable, and sometimes you can't see rocks under the surface of the sea. Ask locals for safe places to jump.

When it comes to swimming, I'm never worried about dangerous fish, and there aren't sharks near the coast. The sea is also extremely clean, so I never worry about the quality of the water either. However, you should watch out for sea urchins on the rocks while getting in and out of the water. These "sea porcupines," as they are called in Croatian, can get stuck in your foot and are a literal pain to remove. 

Driving in Dubrovnik 

Having a car while in Dubrovnik is a great option if you plan to take day trips throughout Southern Dalmatia, Montenegro, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, it's taken me years to get used to driving in Dubrovnik. Traffic signs can be confusing, the roads are narrow, and parking is often limited, causing traffic. 

If you do rent a car, make sure you are okay with all the above. Also make sure you are comfortable with heights, as the main road connecting Dubrovnik to the airport goes alongside a steep cliff.

Otherwise, pay attention, go slow, and you'll likely find that driving in Dubrovnik is doable and will give you the freedom to explore the entire region.

View Insider's comprehensive guide to visiting Dubrovnik .

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Travel health notices, vaccines and medicines, non-vaccine-preventable diseases, stay healthy and safe.

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After Your Trip

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Check the vaccines and medicines list and visit your doctor at least a month before your trip to get vaccines or medicines you may need. If you or your doctor need help finding a location that provides certain vaccines or medicines, visit the Find a Clinic page.

Routine vaccines

Recommendations.

Make sure you are up-to-date on all routine vaccines before every trip. Some of these vaccines include

• Chickenpox (Varicella)
• Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis
• Flu (influenza)
• Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR)

Immunization schedules

All eligible travelers should be up to date with their COVID-19 vaccines. Please see  Your COVID-19 Vaccination  for more information. 

COVID-19 vaccine

Hepatitis A

Recommended for unvaccinated travelers one year old or older going to Croatia.

Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against Hepatitis A. The dose does not count toward the routine 2-dose series.

Travelers allergic to a vaccine component or who are younger than 6 months should receive a single dose of immune globulin, which provides effective protection for up to 2 months depending on dosage given.

Unvaccinated travelers who are over 40 years old, immunocompromised, or have chronic medical conditions planning to depart to a risk area in less than 2 weeks should get the initial dose of vaccine and at the same appointment receive immune globulin.

Hepatitis A - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Hep A

Hepatitis B

Recommended for unvaccinated travelers younger than 60 years old traveling to Croatia. Unvaccinated travelers 60 years and older may get vaccinated before traveling to Croatia.

Hepatitis B - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Hep B

Cases of measles are on the rise worldwide. Travelers are at risk of measles if they have not been fully vaccinated at least two weeks prior to departure, or have not had measles in the past, and travel internationally to areas where measles is spreading.

All international travelers should be fully vaccinated against measles with the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, including an early dose for infants 6–11 months, according to  CDC’s measles vaccination recommendations for international travel .

Measles (Rubeola) - CDC Yellow Book

Croatia is free of dog rabies. However, rabies may still be present in wildlife species, particularly bats. CDC recommends rabies vaccination before travel only for people working directly with wildlife. These people may include veterinarians, animal handlers, field biologists, or laboratory workers working with specimens from mammalian species.

Rabies - CDC Yellow Book

Tick-borne Encephalitis

For travelers moving or traveling to TBE-endemic areas

TBE vaccine is recommended for persons who will have extensive exposure to ticks based on their planned outdoor activities and itinerary.

TBE vaccine may be considered for persons who might engage in outdoor activities in areas ticks are likely to be found. 

Tick-borne Encephalitis - CDC Yellow Book

Avoid contaminated water

Leptospirosis

How most people get sick (most common modes of transmission)

• Touching urine or other body fluids from an animal infected with leptospirosis
• Swimming or wading in urine-contaminated fresh water, or contact with urine-contaminated mud
• Drinking water or eating food contaminated with animal urine
• Avoid contaminated water and soil

Clinical Guidance

Avoid bug bites.

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever

• Tick bite 
• Touching the body fluids of a person or animal infected with CCHF
• Avoid Bug Bites

Leishmaniasis

• Sand fly bite

Airborne & droplet

• Breathing in air or accidentally eating food contaminated with the urine, droppings, or saliva of infected rodents
• Bite from an infected rodent
• Less commonly, being around someone sick with hantavirus (only occurs with Andes virus)
• Avoid rodents and areas where they live
• Avoid sick people

Tuberculosis (TB)

• Breathe in TB bacteria that is in the air from an infected and contagious person coughing, speaking, or singing.

Learn actions you can take to stay healthy and safe on your trip. Vaccines cannot protect you from many diseases in Croatia, so your behaviors are important.

Eat and drink safely

Food and water standards around the world vary based on the destination. Standards may also differ within a country and risk may change depending on activity type (e.g., hiking versus business trip). You can learn more about safe food and drink choices when traveling by accessing the resources below.

• Choose Safe Food and Drinks When Traveling
• Water Treatment Options When Hiking, Camping or Traveling
• Global Water, Sanitation and Hygiene | Healthy Water
• Avoid Contaminated Water During Travel

You can also visit the  Department of State Country Information Pages  for additional information about food and water safety.

Prevent bug bites

Bugs (like mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas) can spread a number of diseases in Croatia. Many of these diseases cannot be prevented with a vaccine or medicine. You can reduce your risk by taking steps to prevent bug bites.

What can I do to prevent bug bites?

• Cover exposed skin by wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and hats.
• Use an appropriate insect repellent (see below).
• Use permethrin-treated clothing and gear (such as boots, pants, socks, and tents). Do not use permethrin directly on skin.
• Stay and sleep in air-conditioned or screened rooms.
• Use a bed net if the area where you are sleeping is exposed to the outdoors.

What type of insect repellent should I use?

• FOR PROTECTION AGAINST TICKS AND MOSQUITOES: Use a repellent that contains 20% or more DEET for protection that lasts up to several hours.
• Picaridin (also known as KBR 3023, Bayrepel, and icaridin)
• Oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) or para-menthane-diol (PMD)
• 2-undecanone
• Always use insect repellent as directed.

What should I do if I am bitten by bugs?

• Avoid scratching bug bites, and apply hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion to reduce the itching.
• Check your entire body for ticks after outdoor activity. Be sure to remove ticks properly.

What can I do to avoid bed bugs?

Although bed bugs do not carry disease, they are an annoyance. See our information page about avoiding bug bites for some easy tips to avoid them. For more information on bed bugs, see Bed Bugs .

For more detailed information on avoiding bug bites, see Avoid Bug Bites .

Stay safe outdoors

If your travel plans in Croatia include outdoor activities, take these steps to stay safe and healthy during your trip.

• Stay alert to changing weather conditions and adjust your plans if conditions become unsafe.
• Prepare for activities by wearing the right clothes and packing protective items, such as bug spray, sunscreen, and a basic first aid kit.
• Consider learning basic first aid and CPR before travel. Bring a travel health kit with items appropriate for your activities.
• If you are outside for many hours in heat, eat salty snacks and drink water to stay hydrated and replace salt lost through sweating.
• Protect yourself from UV radiation : use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15, wear protective clothing, and seek shade during the hottest time of day (10 a.m.–4 p.m.).
• Be especially careful during summer months and at high elevation. Because sunlight reflects off snow, sand, and water, sun exposure may be increased during activities like skiing, swimming, and sailing.
• Very cold temperatures can be dangerous. Dress in layers and cover heads, hands, and feet properly if you are visiting a cold location.

Stay safe around water

• Swim only in designated swimming areas. Obey lifeguards and warning flags on beaches.
• Practice safe boating—follow all boating safety laws, do not drink alcohol if driving a boat, and always wear a life jacket.
• Do not dive into shallow water.
• Do not swim in freshwater in developing areas or where sanitation is poor.
• Avoid swallowing water when swimming. Untreated water can carry germs that make you sick.
• To prevent infections, wear shoes on beaches where there may be animal waste.

Keep away from animals

Most animals avoid people, but they may attack if they feel threatened, are protecting their young or territory, or if they are injured or ill. Animal bites and scratches can lead to serious diseases such as rabies.

Follow these tips to protect yourself:

• Do not touch or feed any animals you do not know.
• Do not allow animals to lick open wounds, and do not get animal saliva in your eyes or mouth.
• Avoid rodents and their urine and feces.
• Traveling pets should be supervised closely and not allowed to come in contact with local animals.
• If you wake in a room with a bat, seek medical care immediately. Bat bites may be hard to see.

All animals can pose a threat, but be extra careful around dogs, bats, monkeys, sea animals such as jellyfish, and snakes. If you are bitten or scratched by an animal, immediately:

• Wash the wound with soap and clean water.
• Go to a doctor right away.
• Tell your doctor about your injury when you get back to the United States.

Consider buying medical evacuation insurance. Rabies is a deadly disease that must be treated quickly, and treatment may not be available in some countries.

Reduce your exposure to germs

Follow these tips to avoid getting sick or spreading illness to others while traveling:

• Wash your hands often, especially before eating.
• If soap and water aren’t available, clean hands with hand sanitizer (containing at least 60% alcohol).
• Don’t touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. If you need to touch your face, make sure your hands are clean.
• Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve (not your hands) when coughing or sneezing.
• Try to avoid contact with people who are sick.
• If you are sick, stay home or in your hotel room, unless you need medical care.

Avoid sharing body fluids

Diseases can be spread through body fluids, such as saliva, blood, vomit, and semen.

Protect yourself:

• Use latex condoms correctly.
• Do not inject drugs.
• Limit alcohol consumption. People take more risks when intoxicated.
• Do not share needles or any devices that can break the skin. That includes needles for tattoos, piercings, and acupuncture.
• If you receive medical or dental care, make sure the equipment is disinfected or sanitized.

Know how to get medical care while traveling

Plan for how you will get health care during your trip, should the need arise:

• Carry a list of local doctors and hospitals at your destination.
• Review your health insurance plan to determine what medical services it would cover during your trip. Consider purchasing travel health and medical evacuation insurance.
• Carry a card that identifies, in the local language, your blood type, chronic conditions or serious allergies, and the generic names of any medications you take.
• Some prescription drugs may be illegal in other countries. Call Croatia’s embassy to verify that all of your prescription(s) are legal to bring with you.
• Bring all the medicines (including over-the-counter medicines) you think you might need during your trip, including extra in case of travel delays. Ask your doctor to help you get prescriptions filled early if you need to.

Many foreign hospitals and clinics are accredited by the Joint Commission International. A list of accredited facilities is available at their website ( www.jointcommissioninternational.org ).

In some countries, medicine (prescription and over-the-counter) may be substandard or counterfeit. Bring the medicines you will need from the United States to avoid having to buy them at your destination.

Select safe transportation

Motor vehicle crashes are the #1 killer of healthy US citizens in foreign countries.

In many places cars, buses, large trucks, rickshaws, bikes, people on foot, and even animals share the same lanes of traffic, increasing the risk for crashes.

Be smart when you are traveling on foot.

• Use sidewalks and marked crosswalks.
• Pay attention to the traffic around you, especially in crowded areas.
• Remember, people on foot do not always have the right of way in other countries.

Riding/Driving

Choose a safe vehicle.

• Choose official taxis or public transportation, such as trains and buses.
• Ride only in cars that have seatbelts.
• Avoid overcrowded, overloaded, top-heavy buses and minivans.
• Avoid riding on motorcycles or motorbikes, especially motorbike taxis. (Many crashes are caused by inexperienced motorbike drivers.)
• Choose newer vehicles—they may have more safety features, such as airbags, and be more reliable.
• Choose larger vehicles, which may provide more protection in crashes.

Think about the driver.

• Do not drive after drinking alcohol or ride with someone who has been drinking.
• Consider hiring a licensed, trained driver familiar with the area.
• Arrange payment before departing.

Follow basic safety tips.

• Wear a seatbelt at all times.
• Sit in the back seat of cars and taxis.
• When on motorbikes or bicycles, always wear a helmet. (Bring a helmet from home, if needed.)
• Avoid driving at night; street lighting in certain parts of Croatia may be poor.
• Do not use a cell phone or text while driving (illegal in many countries).
• Travel during daylight hours only, especially in rural areas.
• If you choose to drive a vehicle in Croatia, learn the local traffic laws and have the proper paperwork.
• Get any driving permits and insurance you may need. Get an International Driving Permit (IDP). Carry the IDP and a US-issued driver's license at all times.
• Check with your auto insurance policy's international coverage, and get more coverage if needed. Make sure you have liability insurance.
• Avoid using local, unscheduled aircraft.
• If possible, fly on larger planes (more than 30 seats); larger airplanes are more likely to have regular safety inspections.
• Try to schedule flights during daylight hours and in good weather.

Medical Evacuation Insurance

If you are seriously injured, emergency care may not be available or may not meet US standards. Trauma care centers are uncommon outside urban areas. Having medical evacuation insurance can be helpful for these reasons.

Helpful Resources

Road Safety Overseas (Information from the US Department of State): Includes tips on driving in other countries, International Driving Permits, auto insurance, and other resources.

The Association for International Road Travel has country-specific Road Travel Reports available for most countries for a minimal fee.

Maintain personal security

Use the same common sense traveling overseas that you would at home, and always stay alert and aware of your surroundings.

Before you leave

• Research your destination(s), including local laws, customs, and culture.
• Monitor travel advisories and alerts and read travel tips from the US Department of State.
• Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) .
• Leave a copy of your itinerary, contact information, credit cards, and passport with someone at home.
• Pack as light as possible, and leave at home any item you could not replace.

While at your destination(s)

• Carry contact information for the nearest US embassy or consulate .
• Carry a photocopy of your passport and entry stamp; leave the actual passport securely in your hotel.
• Follow all local laws and social customs.
• Do not wear expensive clothing or jewelry.
• Always keep hotel doors locked, and store valuables in secure areas.
• If possible, choose hotel rooms between the 2nd and 6th floors.

Healthy Travel Packing List

Use the Healthy Travel Packing List for Croatia for a list of health-related items to consider packing for your trip. Talk to your doctor about which items are most important for you.

Why does CDC recommend packing these health-related items?

It’s best to be prepared to prevent and treat common illnesses and injuries. Some supplies and medicines may be difficult to find at your destination, may have different names, or may have different ingredients than what you normally use.

If you are not feeling well after your trip, you may need to see a doctor. If you need help finding a travel medicine specialist, see Find a Clinic . Be sure to tell your doctor about your travel, including where you went and what you did on your trip. Also tell your doctor if you were bitten or scratched by an animal while traveling.

For more information on what to do if you are sick after your trip, see Getting Sick after Travel .

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Croatia travel requirements 2024: What travelers need to know

We aim to keep this post updated about Croatia travel in 2024 with official Croatia travel restrictions, requirements, and health and safety guidance. Our goal is to help you make informed decisions so you can travel confidently, safely, and responsibly in this new post-pandemic world of ours.

We lived and worked from Croatia in winter of 2019 and loved it.

As restrictions vary based on the traveler’s citizenship, we will focus primarily on rules affecting U.S. citizens.

At the end of the post, we share on-the-ground perspectives from local residents and travelers to Croatia so you can get a sense of what it’s really like.

Last update: October 2023. Originally published: November 2020.

Disclosure: This post contains some affiliate links. If you make a purchase through one of our links, we may receive a small commission, at no additional cost to you.

* Get our free Post-Pandemic Travel Checklist *

Table of Contents

Can US citizens travel to Croatia? Can I travel to Croatia right now? 

Can Americans travel to Croatia? Yes, travelers from the United States can enter Croatia for tourism. As of May 2022 , Croatia travel restrictions and entry requirements related to COVID-19 have been removed.

Travelers can visit Croatia without any testing, vaccination, or quarantine rules.

Visitors from over 60  visa-exempt countries , including the U.S., will soon be required to have a European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS) travel authorization to enter Croatia and other European countries . The start date has been delayed from 2024 to 2025. 

See details about ETIAS here

Quarantine rules in Croatia: What happens if I get Covid?

Foreign travelers are not required to quarantine upon arrival to Croatia.

Travelers who  test positive for Covid while in Croatia can get in touch with a local epidemiologist . Call 113 (from a Croatian number) for general advice about COVID-19. 

As of May 2023, there are no longer quarantine requirements for those who test positive. However, they are advised to avoid large gatherings. Self-isolation for five days, followed by ten days wearing a mask, is recommended for those who come into contact with the elderly, chronically ill, immunocompromised people, and pregnant women. 

People who were in close contact to those who tested positive are not required to quarantine. They are, however, asked to wear mask for 10 days, to self-test on the fifth day, and to avoid large gatherings especially among people who are at increased risk.

Croatia Vaccine Passport Requirements to Enter Large Gatherings

You might be wondering: Do I need a vaccine certificate or Covid test to enter restaurants, accommodations, or attractions in Croatia?

Currently, a vaccine certificate or Covid test is no longer needed to enter accommodations, businesses, attractions, or attend large gatherings in Croatia.

Can Americans travel to Croatia in April 2024? Can US citizens travel to Croatia this Spring?

Croatia travel in April is open for US citizens. Please read on for details and check back for updates.

What is it like to fly to Zagreb ZAG, Split SPU, or Dubrovnik DBV airports right now? Croatia Airlines reports that guests are no longer required to wear face masks on flights.

Disinfecting systems and health screenings have been implemented at the airports.

Do Americans have to quarantine when traveling to Croatia? As of May 2022, travelers are not required to quarantine upon entry in Croatia.

For travelers who test positive with Covid-19 while in Croatia, please see above for details.

Does Croatia check COVID-19 symptoms of incoming travelers? Basic health screening procedures may be in place at the airports in Croatia.

Does Croatia require a negative Covid-19 test for American travelers? No. A negative Covid-19 test is no longer required to enter Croatia.

Does Croatia require a proof of Coronavirus vaccine for American travelers? No. A proof of Coronavirus vaccine is no longer required to enter Croatia.

Do I still need to provide a negative Covid test or quarantine if I have been vaccinated? No. A negative Covid test, quarantine, and proof of vaccination is no longer required to enter Croatia.

Is a booster shot required for travel to Croatia? No. A booster shot is not required to enter Croatia. There is no set period of expiration for booster shots.

What Covid testing options are available for travelers in Croatia? PCR and/or antigen tests are available for travelers at COVID-19 Testing Locations in Croatia .

As of July 2022, PCR tests cost HRK 276.56 (approximately 37.55 USD) if referred by a doctor or HRK 390 (approximately $53 USD) if not referred by a doctor. Antigen or rapid tests, on the other hand, cost approximately $20 USD.

What healthcare options are available to travelers in Croatia who get the virus? Croatia hospitals and clinics are open. However, if you get sick in Croatia, medical resources may sometimes be limited and treatment will be at your own expense.

Local COVID-19 PCR tests in Croatia are not covered by Croatian Health, unless referred by a Doctor or epidemiologist.

For travel insurance that covers Covid, check out Nomad Insurance by Safety Wing >

What service businesses and restaurants are open in Croatia? Restaurants are open for indoor and outdoor dining. Museums, attractions, and other businesses are also open.

What public gatherings are allowed in Croatia? Public and private gatherings or events are allowed in Croatia. 

Are face masks required in Croatia? Face masks are not required except  in hospitals and care centers.

Are buses running in Croatia? Public transportation is available as usual throughout Croatia.

Will Croatia impose new Covid restrictions?  What’s next is difficult to predict. Historically, Croatia has imposed COVID-19 restrictions when the health care system is under strain, which means when the number of hospitalizations and patients on ventilators rise to unsustainable levels.

How has the Coronavirus impacted Croatia?

The Croatian Government declared the epidemiological situation under control in early June 2020 with almost no new cases being reported for several weeks. However, the country saw a spike in cases in Fall 2020. This prompted the government to implement additional measures to slow the spread of the virus and support its health system.

Croatia, which is highly dependent on tourism, reopened its borders in July 2020. Despite this, the economy still struggled with a substantial increase in unemployment.

Croatia’s vaccination program began slightly before the New Year 2021. Over half of the population have been fully vaccinated.

For the current situation in Croatia, including: total COVID-19 positive cases; total cases in Croatia; and COVID-19 testing in Croatia, please see the Croatia Department of Health site .

What should you pack for safely traveling in Croatia?

😷 Face Masks – Face coverings are recommended in public places and may be required in certain spaces. Find N95 masks at Bona Fide > or designer options at Vida >

💊 Medicine – Bring enough prescription and over-the-counter medication for your entire trip to avoid trips to the clinic.

💳 Vaccine Card Holder – Protect that paper CDC card when traveling abroad (if your country doesn’t offer a digital version). Get a simple plastic protector > or Vegan leather clippable > or Leather passport + card combo holder >

👃 Covid self-test – The most studied rapid antigen self-test with FDA emergency authorization.  NOT valid to enter countries. Use for your own peace of mind. Order from CVS > or Walmart >

💧 Sealed water bottle – Make sure your reusable water bottle has a lid that’s not exposed to the air. We use one of each of the following: Shop insulated water bottles with protective lid > Shop water bottles with purification filter and protective lid >

✈️ Travel insurance that covers Covid – We’ve started using Nomad Insurance by Safety Wing for affordable evacuation, international medical, and trip coverage.

What do Croatia locals and recent travelers say about visiting Croatia now?

What is it like to visit Croatia right now? It’s our goal to provide regular updates here from real people on the ground, to help potential visitors know what to expect.

The following are subjective opinions only. Official travel guidance can be found above.

September 2023 – Steven Jepson of The Thorough Tripper , American traveler “We are currently in Dubrovnik Croatia for one week as part of a 6 week/6 country European trip. Dubrovnik supposedly has the most overtourism in all of Europe, and we are seeing it first hand. I thought if we came at the end of September, it wouldn’t be too bad. It’s bad. So many people…

I have yet to see the word COVID written anywhere here. There doesn’t seem to be any restrictions whatsoever.”

June 2023 – Coni from Experiencing the Globe , Croatian resident: “Short and sweet: Croatia is completely open, without any restrictions of any kind. Everything is back to pre-pandemic normal. 

All attractions and tourist infrastructure (hotels, restaurants, souvenir shops, etc.) are fully working. Testing facilities are plentiful, and private clinics are readily available in case of need.

Do keep in mind that Croatia is a very popular summer destination, and with no restrictions in place, you’ll find crowds everywhere in the coast and known national parks.”

January 2023 – Gabi of Under Flowery Sky , Croatian resident:  “Croatia currently adopts the Euro [as currency in place of kuna] and this stimulates prices going up comparing to the past. The hostels are still full even in January and prices affordable.

Most of local attractions are open. Healthcare is easily accessible, specially in the cities. Masks are not requiered anymore.”

September 17, 2022 – Arianna of Extra Mile Project :  “I spent 9 days in Croatia in September 2022 and traveled to Zagreb, Hvar, Split, and Dubrovnik by train. Life seemed to be back to normal. As an EU citizen, I easily flew into Zagreb without any travel restrictions (no testing or contact tracing required).

Masks were recommended in the airport and on public transportation but very few people were wearing one. Some museums still used a time slot-based booking system to avoid overcrowding, so I’d recommend buying tickets in advance. However, September didn’t seem to be a busy month and I was always able to find available tickets on the spot. Most of the attractions had signs at the entrance asking visitors to sanitize their hands and measure their temperature, but nobody was really checking.”

August 2022 – N.h., expat: “My cousin arrived on Sunday with EasyJet from Gatwick. She said check -in and security took 50 minutes. Her flight was delayed by 1 1/2 hours. Everything in Split was quick and easy. The new terminal is great and everything runs pretty smoothly.”

May 28 2022 – Gloria from mumsinvited.com: “In May, I flew into Croatia for a 4 day work conference. It was a fantastic experience. I didn’t experience any travel restrictions coming from the UK. To my knowledge, there wasn’t any contact tracing or testing. I didn’t even have to take a Covid test before travelling or after my arrival. There weren’t any long queues or extra crowded spaces.”

April 16, 2022 – Third country national: “ A friend (US Passport) arrived in Split 1 week ago today on a direct flight from Dublin (where she is currently living). She was asked for vax/test/recovery. She doesn’t qualify for EU COVID Cert, so provided CDC card with all 3 jabs. That’s what was asked of her, but current rules do seem to indicate she shouldn’t have needed to provide anything.”

February 16, 2022 – Kathleen O., American nomad: “Split, Croatia is returning to normal life. Local restaurants are open at full capacity (although many are closed simply because it’s outside of the tourist season), buses and ferries are running, and it looks likely to be a record summer season coming. Spring is my favorite  time to visit Croatia  and with cases dropping every day, it’s a good time to plan a trip.”

January 20, 2022 – Marty, Expat in Croatia: “My wife and I are halfway through a 3 month stay in an Airbnb next to the Riva in Split, Croatia. We have felt very safe as far as any Covid concerns. Split is close enough to take side trips, in fact we just returned from a week in Kotor, Montenegro and Mostar, Bosnia [crossed Croatia land border]. We also traveled to Dubrovnik, which we recommend seeing. Here in Split, Croatia it is easy to get a Covid test if needed. They also allow non-Croatians to get a vaccine, in fact we were able to get our Pfizer booster shot. Since we are here in the off season some restaurants and shops are closed, but there is still lots to choose from. When we were here in October everything was open. They usually don’t ask to see your vaccine card to go inside to shop or eat.”

December 20, 2021 – Kathleen of My Lonesome Roads , American digital nomad:  “I am living [in Croatia] for the winter while working online. Most events are still happening, like the Christmas markets, and shops/restaurants/bars are open at full capacity here in Split. There are almost no tourists here which is typical for the winter, so prices are reasonable and you can get a taste of local life. 

There are very few restrictions in place, but testing is widely available and inexpensive. Vaccination rates are very low, but the healthcare quality is good. No test or vaccine is needed for most activities.”

October 2021 – Dana, American tourist: “As part of a Mediterranean cruise with Holland America in October, 2021, we visited Zadar and Dubrovnik for one day each. Crowds were minimal and COVID restrictions virtually non-existent. That said, I recommend having a mask at the ready should the need arise. No one asked for vaccination proof at any time.  Restaurants were plentiful and open. As noted, crowds were few and seating at bars and restaurants was easy to find.”

October 2021 – Victoria C., Scottish traveler: “We went for a family holiday to Dubrovnik, Croatia for 10 days in October 2021. Everyone we met were very welcoming and we didn’t have any bad experiences All the local attractions were open, tours were taking place. Restaurants and bars were open. Some were closed due to it coming to the end of the season. We were never asked for any proof of vaccines or tests in town. We had our temperatures taken when we rode the cable car that was it. Masks were worn by most people indoors at supermarkets, shops etc. We didn’t find it overly busy and never really had to wait in any queues.”

September 2021 – Jenn, CocktailsAway.com :  “My husband and I spent a week in Croatia, Dubrovnik and Stari Grad (on the island of Hvar) celebrating our 20th wedding anniversary. If you are vaccinated, you will find visiting Croatia fairly easy. All restaurants and bars are open. Tours, activities, and businesses are operating. There is a required form for tracing that needs to be filled out before arrival but outside of immigration and the hotels, no one checked our vaccine card. While everything is open, some businesses haven’t survived the pandemic so it’s wise to check ahead.”

September 9, 2021 – A., UK visitor: “I am currently in a quarantine hotel in Rovinj due to catching covid in Croatia, so I thought I’d share my experience with this so that anyone who wants to know the procedure is aware. I took my lateral flow in our hotel room ready to go back to the UK the next day but it came up positive. We rang [our travel agency] so that they could change our flights (package holiday included flight change for free), we rang the hotel reception on Istra who told us we could stay in the room we were in to isolate and that they would bring us up food for each meal. About an hour later when we’d ordered food and were settled, they rang us and said your boat will be here in half an hour. We were very confused as they just told us we could stay where we are we then had to eat and pack up our whole room in half an hour… We got on a private boat and there was a private car waiting for us that took us to Villas Rubin resort. The lady who greeted us here is lovely and very helpful if we need anything. The room is a decent size with two balconies and they drop us off three meals a day in a crate outside. We get a carton of juice each, bread rolls, fruit, salad and a big meal so can’t complain at all about the food. We have to pay at the end of our stay £60 per person per night, then our StaySure insurance will pay us back. I’ve seen lots of people say Dubrovnik has dealt with [this kind of situation] really badly, but we seem to have got a good hotel! We’ve been told we can’t leave or go home until we are negative. I’m testing daily so if we come back negative early we get to go home. ”

August 2021 – Malek , Egyptian Traveler: “I spent 3 weeks in Croatia with the wifey. People are super helpful. They welcome you help you and try to give you the best advice. when we had a wrong booking on a bus, the other travelers and some locals put the money for us to keep our journey till the next stop and the ATM. Everywhere you are asked for mask and covid passport.”

July 2021 – M.M, American visitor:   “I was in Dubrovnik Croatia for 3 weeks. The tourist population was about half of what we anticipated. Though the city is small and few tourists still make it feel crowded, I would definitely recommend going to Dubrovnik now, I can’t imagine how crowded it is without COVID.  All restrictions are being followed by locals and visitors. Testing was easy and quick for COVID and food service was exactly what you get in the US, clean and masked.”

June 2021 – Martina of PlacesofJuma , Austrian Digital Nomad: “ The current situation in Croatia is very relaxed. Restaurants and cafes are open, the beaches are quiet and Covid seems light miles away. Locals are happy about every visitor, the atmosphere is really good and the room prices are still really cheap! Keeping distance, hand washing and wearing a mask is followed. Life takes place mainly outdoors, which also reduces the risk of infection. Unfortunately, I don’t know whether the locals get tested and how often. However, many people, especially the elderly and those who work in tourism, have already been vaccinated. Larger hotels also have fantastic hygiene concepts, staff is wearing mask and some hotels offer free covid-tests to travelers.”

April 2021 – Kevin Macadam, British Digital Nomad:  “ We moved to Croatia for one year on the 1st March 2021. Arriving into Croatia was fine and we travelled with a dog and cat. Yes, Croatians are welcoming tourists however Covid cases are rising in Croatia so unless you have been vaccinated then I would advise against travelling here. People are wearing masks and testing is available, however, they have a low supply of vaccines at the moment. Tourist attractions are open and restaurants are open until 20:00, however this can differ from county to county.”

Planning a trip to Croatia?

Check out our other Croatia travel resources:

– What to do in Zadar Croatia on a Budget + Walking Tour Map – 7 day Croatia Road Trip Itinerary: Dalmatian Coast in Winter – One Day in Zagreb Croatia Layover Guide – Intentional Travelers – Best Day Trips from Zadar Croatia – Intentional Travelers

If you have questions or updates about travel to Croatia during the Coronavirus crisis or post-pandemic, please let us know in the comments below.

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Disclaimer: Please note, travel restrictions change frequently. Readers must take responsibility for verifying information through official sources like the State Department and CDC, in respect to their specific situations. No responsibility can be accepted by Intentional Travelers for action or inaction as a result of information provided through IntentionalTravelers.com. Any information provided here is issued as general information only.

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15 Comments

Thank you for this very helpful post!! My husband and I are hoping to visit Croatia in late March for our honeymoon. Are we allowed to enter Croatia if our connecting flight is coming from Madrid? USA to Croatia via Madrid. I’ve seen some conflicting information and don’t want to take a chance

Thanks for visiting our blog, Emily. At this time, the official Croatia website says arrivals are allowed from E.U. countries (which would include Spain) and “third country” tourists (Americans), as long as the appropriate documents are provided.

We are not tracking what additional requirements in Spain might be for passengers transiting through their airports, however, so you would have to check that separately. As I’m sure you’re aware, restrictions can always change between now and March, so I think you’ll likely be fine but unfortunately nothing is 100% guaranteed these days.

Hi, I am a UK resident currently visiting Turkey for 2 weeks, however, would like to visit Croatia on the way back to the UK and wanted to know if travellers from Turkey are not allowed to enter Croatia. I have received both covid jabs in the UK two months ago. Also, if travel is allowed, what are the requirements for my 11 and 13 year olds.

Thank you Kind regards

Thank you for visiting our blog. In our attempt to keep this free article accurately updated, we have limited our focus to specific travel scenarios. For other situations beyond what we cover here, I recommend checking official guidance on the Croatia ministry website or work with a travel agent who can ensure your trip needs are met.

I read that there is a mandatory 10-day quarantine for Eu-citizens. Can someone tell me if this quarantine must be held in a hotel or somewhere else?

Because the requirements vary based on citizenship and transit route into the country, we’ve been focusing on those that apply to U.S. travelers. We recommend checking Croatia’s official requirements here: https://mup.gov.hr/uzg-covid/english/286212 It’s a good question about the quarantine location. The information provided online is mostly about protocols to bypass the quarantine requirement, which most EU citizens should be able to do. That said, I did see the following mentioned: “Travelers may be ordered to self-isolate or spend up to 14 days in official government quarantine facilities if deemed necessary to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Placement in quarantine is at the expense of the traveler.”

Thanks Michelle C

Hi, I am booked to visit Omis with my family in late June. I have 2 young children 8 and 2 years old. Do children have to have the negative PCR tests as well as the adults?. Thanks Tim

It’s a good question and not easy to find. But I finally found this on the official website: “Children under seven years of age traveling accompanied by a parent / guardian are exempt from the obligation to present a negative test result and to self-isolate if the parents / guardians have a negative PCR or RAT test result, i.e. if they have a certificate of vaccination against COVID-19 or proof of having recovered from COVID-19.” Enjoy Omis – it is a beautiful spot!

We have a trip planned to Croatia 4/29/22 and are wondering how safe it is for us to travel. We are in our 70’s in good shape though I am high risk.

Thank you for visiting our blog. We hope to have another on-the-ground update from a recent traveler to Croatia soon. However, assessing travel safety is quite relative and depends on your own risk tolerance. Right now, cases across Europe are high from the Omicron variant. It’s hard to predict what it will be like in April. If you have health risks, it’s probably best to asses that with a medical professional.

Thanks so much for this blog post ! I was wondering how you are getting your information, are you in Croatia now? I am currently in Egypt but want to move on to Croatia soon. I hold a NZ passport and I can’t find any clear information to tell me whether or not I am allowed entry. Can you shed any light on this?

Hi and thanks for visiting our blog. The information for this post is regularly updated by our team as the situation changes; it is based on online research and periodically checking in with locals and recent travelers to Croatia. The entry requirements are admittedly complicated. The official, detailed rules are best found here: https://mup.gov.hr/uzg-covid/english/286212 You can fill out a form on this page to verify your situation. My understanding is that you can enter as a third country national as long as you have a certificate for paid accommodation. Plus a negative test within 48 hours of arrival would be required to bypass quarantine. But of course, I recommend verifying through the official website.

My partner and I are dying to get back out and travel. We were full time traveling before Covid hit and we have since been trapped at home xD

We love the Balkans and the surrounding region so its nice to be reading about it to curb the itch to travel.

Great read 😀

Hi Maria. Thanks for your message. We hear you about wanting to get back out and travel!

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Travel Advisory July 26, 2023

Croatia - level 1: exercise normal precautions.

Reissued with obsolete COVID-19 page links removed.

Exercise normal precautions in Croatia.

Read the country information page for additional information on travel to Croatia.

If you decide to travel to Croatia:

• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program  ( STEP ) to receive Alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Follow the Department of State on  Facebook  and  Twitter .
• Review the  Country Security Report  for Croatia.
• Visit the CDC page for the latest Travel Health Information related to your travel.
• Prepare a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the  Traveler’s Checklist .

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Three months after the planned date of departure

One page is required for an entry stamp

Up to 10,000 euros

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U.s. embassy zagreb.

Ulica Thomasa Jeffersona 2 10010 Zagreb, Croatia Telephone: +(385) (1) 661-2200 Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(385) (1) 661-2200 Fax: +(385) (1) 665-8933 Email:   [email protected]

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Entry, Exit and Visa Requirements

You need a valid U.S. passport to enter Croatia. EU regulations require that U.S. passport holders have no less than three months’ validity when they depart Croatia. U.S. passport holders with less than three months may be denied entry. The U.S. Embassy strongly suggests that you have at least six months of validity to avoid problems when you travel.

Croatia is a member of the  Schengen area.  Land border controls between Croatia, Slovenia, and Hungary and the sea border with Italy ceased in 2023. The land borders with Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro continue to have police and customs checks in place, as these countries are outside of the Schengen area. Airport controls for flights between Croatia and other countries within the Schengen area ceased in 2023. Visit the  Embassy of Croatia website  for the most current visa information.

• U.S. passport holders do not need a visa if they are traveling to Croatia for tourism or business for less than 90 days within a 180-day period.
• For entry, residence, and work requirements in Croatia, please visit the Croatian Ministry of Interior’s website . The U.S. Embassy is not able to intervene in the issuance of a Croatian residence permit.
• You must register at a local police station within three days of arrival in Croatia. If you are staying at a hotel, hostel, or vacation rental, you will be registered by the property owner.
• Foreign documents submitted for residence in Croatia must be translated into Croatian and have an apostille stamp. The U.S. Embassy cannot authenticate documents. For information on applying for apostille and authentication services, please see the  Department of State’s Office of Authentications  website.

The U.S. Department of State is unaware of any HIV/AIDS entry restrictions for visitors to, or foreign residents of, Croatia.

Find information on  dual nationality ,  prevention of international child abduction , and  customs  regulations on our websites.

Military/Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) Travelers : While active-duty U.S. military personnel may enter Croatia under the SOFA with proper Department of Defense (DOD) identification and travel orders, all SOFA family members, civilian employees, and contractors must have valid passports. Active-duty military personnel should obtain a tourist passport before leaving the United States to accommodate off-duty travel. DOD travelers should consult with their unit for clearance before leaving the United States

Safety and Security

Terrorism : Terrorist groups and those inspired by such organizations are intent on attacking soft targets and are increasingly using less sophisticated methods of attack – including knives, firearms, rudimentary IEDs and vehicles – to target crowds more effectively. Frequently, their aim is unprotected or vulnerable targets, such as:

• High-profile public events (sporting contests, political rallies, demonstrations, holiday events, celebratory gatherings, etc.)
• Hotels, clubs, and restaurants frequented by tourists
• Places of worship
• Shopping malls and markets
• Public transportation systems (including subways, buses, trains, and scheduled commercial flights)

For more information, see our  Terrorism  page.

Land Mines: Armed conflict ended in all parts of Croatia in 1995; however, de-mining of areas along former confrontation lines continues. Known mined areas are well marked with Croatian-language warning signs using the international symbol for mines: a skull and crossbones inside a red, upside-down triangle. Drivers in former conflict areas should stay on paved roads to reduce the risk of encountering unmarked mines and unexploded ordnance.

• For more information about mine-affected areas in Croatia, please visit the  Croatian Mine Action Center's website

Crime: Violent crime is rare but isolated attacks targeting specific persons or property can occur and may be racially motivated or prompted by lingering ethnic tensions from Croatia's war for independence.

• Safeguard your belongings , especially when using public transport. Report incidents of theft to the local police. File a police report if your passport is stolen.
• Don’t display outward signs of wealth . It may make you a target for thieves.
• Avoid "gentlemen's clubs." In the past, such establishments have presented foreign customers with inflated bills and threatened those who refuse to pay.

U.S. business entities are encouraged to read the most recent  Overseas Security Advisory Council (OSAC) Annual Crime and Safety Report for Croatia .

Demonstrations : While civil disorder is rare, U.S. citizens should monitor local media coverage, review their personal security practices, and be always aware of their surroundings. Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent with little or no notice. Security messages about demonstrations can be found  here  on the U.S. Embassy in Croatia’s website. Some soccer matches result in violent clashes of fans from rival teams. These clashes often cause disruptions in traffic in the affected area. High profile matches are often accompanied by heavy police presence.

International Financial Scams: See the  Department of State  and the  FBI  pages for information on scams.

Victims of Crime : Local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting crimes. Report crimes to the local police by dialing 112. U.S. citizen victims of sexual assault may contact the  U.S. Embassy  at +385 (1) 661-2200 and check the information on local resources for  victims of sexual assault  on the U.S. Embassy in Croatia’s website. See our webpage on  help for U.S. victims of crime overseas .

• help you find appropriate medical care
• assist you in reporting a crime to the police
• contact relatives or friends with your written consent
• explain the local criminal justice process in general terms
• provide a list of local attorneys
• provide our information on  victim’s compensation programs in the United States
• provide information about  local resources for victims of crime
• provide an emergency loan for repatriation to the United States and/or limited medical support in cases of destitution
• help you find accommodation and arrange flights home if you are destitute
• replace a stolen or lost passport

Domestic Violence : U.S. citizen victims of domestic violence may contact the U.S. Embassy in Croatia for assistance. You can find additional local resources for  victims of domestic violence  on the U.S. Embassy’s website.

Tourism: The tourism industry in Croatia is regulated and rules generally enforced regarding safety inspections. Hazardous areas/activities are identified with appropriate signage and professional staff is typically on hand in support of organized activities. In the event of an injury, appropriate medical treatment is widely available throughout the country. Outside of a major metropolitan center, it may take more time for first responders and medical professionals to reach a patient and provide assistance. U.S. citizens are encouraged to purchase medical evacuation insurance . 

Local Laws & Special Circumstances

Criminal Penalties : You are subject to local laws. If you violate local laws, even unknowingly, you may be arrested, imprisoned, or deported.

Furthermore, some crimes are also prosecutable in the United States, regardless of local law. For examples, see our website on  crimes against minors abroad  and the  Department of Justice  website.

Arrest Notification : If you are arrested or detained, ask police to notify the U.S. Embassy immediately. See our  webpage  for further information.

Recreational Drugs : Some recreational drugs may be illegal in Croatia. The Government of Croatia maintains a  List of Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Plants Which Can Be Used for Preparation of Narcotic Drugs , which lists illegal substances.

Counterfeit and Pirated Goods : Although counterfeit and pirated goods are prevalent in many countries, they may still be illegal according to local laws. You may also pay fines or have to give them up if you bring them back to the United States. See the  U.S. Department of Justice website  for more information.

Real estate : U.S. citizens should exercise due diligence when considering purchasing real estate in Croatia. Consult with an attorney before undertaking a real estate purchase and be careful to fully understand the implications of all parts of a real estate contract. Working with a translator can help ensure your rights are protected. The U.S. Embassy cannot assist U.S. citizens with legal disputes. Be prepared to take your case to the local courts. Please review the U.S. Embassy’s website for  additional information on buying real estate in Croatia .

Travelers checks, or personal checks are no longer accepted in Croatia . ATMs are common, and credit cards are generally accepted. Facilities are available for wiring or transferring money.

Recreational Boating: The Croatian government requires all recreational captains chartering Croatian-flagged vessels to have a certificate of competence.

• Croatia recognizes certain certificates issued by the U.S. Sailing Association and licenses issued by the national authorities of other countries.
• Details on  classes of licenses recognized by country  can be found on the  Ministry of the Sea, Transport, and Infrastructure ’s webpage.
• Tourists in Croatia can be certified by passing a test at harbormasters' offices in Pula, Rijeka, Senj, Zadar, Sibenik, Split, Ploce, Dubrovnik, or at the Ministry in Zagreb.
• Travelers arriving by private marine craft should refer to the  Ministry’s website  for information on nautical regulations.

Climbing and Hiking: If you intend to hike or climb in the mountains, seek local guides’ expert advice. For emergencies, call 112. Rock climbers in Paklenica National Park should consult a local guide or contact  Paklenica National Park  prior to their visit.

Faith-Based Travelers: See our following webpages for details:

• Faith-Based Travel Information
• International Religious Freedom Report  – see country reports
• Human Rights Report  – see country reports
• Hajj Fact Sheet for Travelers
• Best Practices for Volunteering Abroad

LGBTQI+ Travelers: There are no legal restrictions regarding same-sex sexual relations or the organization of LGBTQI+ events in Croatia. Although LGBTQI+ individuals are afforded full rights in Croatia, same-sex couples may face legal challenges in the areas of adoption and next-of-kin determinations. In 2014, Croatia enacted the Law on Life Partnership of Same Sex Couples allowing for formal registration of same sex unions. The LGBTQI+ community is protected by anti-discrimination laws, and there are no legal or governmental impediments to the organization of LGBTQI+ events. However, there have been incidents against LGBTQI+ groups, notably during annual pride events, both in Zagreb and Split. Individual cases of attacks on members of the LGBTQI+ community have also been reported.

See our  LGBTQI+ Travel Information  page and section six of our  Human Rights Report  for further information.

Travelers With Disabilities or Who May Require Accessibility . Accessibility and accommodation in Croatia are different from those in the United States. Croatian law prohibits discrimination against persons with disabilities. It also mandates access to transportation, communication, and public buildings for persons with disabilities; however, there is a marked difference in new construction compared to old construction, where access can still be limited. Croatia’s geography is hilly and often steep, particularly along the coast, and it presents challenges to some persons with disabilities. Access to public transportation may not always be available. Outside urban areas, accessibility worsens significantly.

Many cities in Croatia are making access improvement for travelers with disabilities.

Students: See our  Students Abroad  page and  FBI travel tips .

Women Travelers: See our travel tips for  Women Travelers .

Adequate medical care is readily available in Croatia, but facilities may not be comparable to U.S. standards. Travelers to Croatia may obtain  a list of English-speaking physicians  on the U.S. Embassy’s website. We do not endorse or recommend any specific medical provider or clinic. You may need a prescription to get some medications that you can purchase over the counter in the United States.

For emergency services in Croatia, dial 194 or 112.

Ambulance services  are:

• not widely available, and training and availability of emergency responders may be below U.S. standards.
• not equipped with state-of-the-art medical equipment.

Health facilities in general:

• Adequate health facilities are available in major cities but health care in rural areas may be below U.S. standards.
• Public medical clinics may lack advanced resources and specialized medical supplies.
• Credit card payment is not always available. Some hospitals and medical professionals require cash payment.
• Private hospitals may require advance payment or proof of adequate insurance before admitting a patient.
• Travelers should make efforts to obtain complete information on billing, pricing, and proposed medical procedures before agreeing to any medical care.
• Medical staff may speak little or no English.
• Public hospitals are minimally staffed overnight in non-emergency wards.
• Patients bear all costs for transfer to or between hospitals.
• Psychological and psychiatric services are limited, even in the larger cities, with hospital-based care only available through government institutions.
• There are shortages of medical staff (nurses, doctors) throughout the country that may delay exams, imaging, surgeries, etc. at public healthcare centers. Occasionally shortages of special medications may occur.

We do not pay medical bills. U.S. Medicare does not apply overseas.

Medical Insurance: Make sure your health insurance plan provides coverage overseas. Most care providers in Croatia accept cash or credit card payments. See our webpage for more information on insurance coverage overseas.

We strongly recommend  supplemental insurance  to cover medical evacuation.

Pharmaceuticals

• Prescription medication: If traveling with prescription medication, please check with the government of Croatia and its  Customs Administration  to make sure the medication is legal in Croatia. Always carry your prescription medication in original packaging with your doctor’s prescription. Visit the U.S. Embassy’s website for information on  bringing medical drugs for personal use when traveling to Croatia . Note that Croatian law prohibits the importation of drugs via postal mail.
• Exercise caution when purchasing medication overseas. Medication should be purchased in consultation with a medical professional and from reputable establishments.
• U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the Food and Drug Administration are responsible for rules governing the transport of medication back to the United States. Medication purchased abroad must meet their requirements to be legally brought back into the United States. Medication should be for personal use and must be approved for usage in the United States. Please visit the  U.S. Customs and Border Protection  and the  Food and Drug Administration  websites for more information.

Vaccinations : Be up-to-date on all  vaccinations recommended  by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

• If you will be in Croatia for more than three months, especially if you anticipate hiking, camping, or other outdoor activities in forested areas, you may wish to get a tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccine. According to the CDC, the TBE  vaccine is now available in the United States, but is carried only in larger travel clinics.

If you are in Croatia, it is available from local doctors. Use insect repellent and inspect your body for ticks after spending time outdoors.

• Influenza  is prevalent during the winter season.
• HIV/AIDS: There is a low prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Croatia. HIV/AIDS treatment and medication are available in Croatia.

Visit the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website for more information about  Resources for Travelers  regarding specific issues in Croatia.

Medical Tourism and Elective Surgery

Medical tourism is a rapidly growing industry. People seeking health care overseas should understand that medical systems operate differently from those in the United States and are not subject to the same rules and regulations. Anyone interested in traveling for medical purposes should consult with their local physician before traveling and visit the  U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  website for more information on medical tourism, the risks of medical tourism, and what you can do to prepare before traveling to Croatia.

• We strongly recommend  supplemental insurance  to cover medical evacuation in the event of unforeseen medical complications.
• Your legal options in case of malpractice are very limited in Croatia.
• Although Croatia has several elective/cosmetic surgery facilities that are on par with those found in the United States, the quality of care varies widely. If you plan to undergo surgery in Croatia, make sure that emergency medical facilities are available and that professionals are accredited and qualified.

Adventure Travel

Visit  Adventure Travel  and  U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  for more information.

Air Quality : Cities in Croatia have air pollution levels slightly higher than those in major U.S. cities, with higher levels measured in winter. Visit  the European Environment Agency’s website  for information on air quality in Croatia.

Water Quality

• Croatia has an abundance of fresh water and the public drinking water systems cover around 87% of the population. Water quality is tested daily throughout the country. Tests are performed according to internationally accepted standards. Water in Croatia is of high quality with potable tap water being available in most places. Some rural areas rely on private wells that may not be subject to quality testing standards. Some older buildings in major cities may have led-laced piping leading to increased levels of lead in the drinking water. You can learn more by visiting the  Croatian Institute of Public Health website .

Further health information:

• World Health Organization
• U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 

Travel and Transportation

Road Conditions and Safety : Road conditions in Croatia may differ significantly from those in the United States. Current information about traffic and road conditions is available in English from the  Croatian Automobile Association  (HAK) or by calling +385 1 464-0800 (English-speaking operators available 24 hours) or +385 1 661-1999.

• Exercise caution when driving in Croatia. On the highways, be aware of aggressive drivers passing on curves or in oncoming lanes.
• Highway tolls are higher than in the United States and can be paid in cash or by credit card. 
• Croatian radio  broadcasts programs in foreign languages on several frequencies. From mid-June to mid-September, Channel 2 broadcasts foreign news, traffic information, and important information in English, German and Italian.
• Within Croatia, emergency roadside assistance is available by calling 1987 or, if calling internationally, +385 1 1987. Dial 112 or 192 to speak to the police and dial 194 for an ambulance. Dial 112 for emergency services and they will automatically forward your call to either the police, ambulance, fire department, the Croatian Mountain Rescue Service or all of the above.

Traffic Laws: Vehicles drive on the right side of the road and overtake on the left. Speed limits range from 110 to 130 km/h (68 to 80 mph) on highways and motorways and 50 to 90 km/h (30 to 55 mph) on urban thoroughfares.

• A Croatian driver's license is required for drivers who stay longer than twelve months. 
• Don’t drink and drive . The maximum legal blood-alcohol limit for drivers is 0.05 percent (0.00 percent for drivers with less than two years’ experience, drivers under 24 years of age, and truck or bus drivers).
• Police routinely spot-check for drunk driving  and administer breath-analyzer tests at the scene of all accidents. Refusal to take a breath test is considered a de facto admission of driving while intoxicated. Penalties may include fines up to 2,500 euros and/or prison sentences.
• For traffic accidents involving a foreign-registered vehicle, the responding police officer must issue a vehicle damage certificate to the owner of the foreign-registered vehicle; this is necessary to cross the border out of Croatia. Upon written request, the police station in the area where the accident occurred will issue a traffic accident investigation record.
• Seat belts for drivers and passengers are mandatory . Infants must travel in child-safety seats. Children shorter than 150cm in height and younger than 3 years may not ride in the front seat.
• No right on red at traffic lights unless allowed  by an additional green arrow. 
• Pedestrians have the right of way when crossing in designated, white-striped crosswalks. You must stop.

Headlights must be used all winter (from the start of November until the end of March), as well as during fog and other inclement weather.

• It is illegal to talk on a cell phone while driving unless using a hands-free device.
• For specific information concerning Croatian driver's permits, vehicle inspection, road tax, and mandatory insurance, please contact the  Croatian National Tourist Board .

Public Transportation : Pay attention to trams (streetcars) in Zagreb, which travel at high speeds through the narrow streets.

See our  Road Safety webpage  for more information. Visit the websites of the  Ministry of the Interior , the  Croatian National Tourist Board , and the Croatian  Ministry of the Sea, Transport, and Infrastructure , which are responsible for road safety.

Aviation Safety Oversight:  The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has assessed the Government of Croatia’s Civil Aviation Authority as being in compliance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) aviation safety standards for oversight of Croatia’s air carrier operations. Further information may be found on the  FAA’s safety assessment page .

For Coastal Countries:

Maritime Travel:  Mariners planning travel to Croatia should also check for U.S. maritime advisories and alerts at  www.marad.dot.gov/msci . Information may also be posted to the  U.S. Coast Guard homeport website  and the  NGA broadcast warnings  website (select “broadcast warnings”).

For additional travel information

• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP)  to receive security messages and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays).
• See the  State Department’s travel website  for the  Worldwide Caution  and  Travel Advisories .
• Follow us on  Twitter  and  Facebook .
• See  traveling safely abroad  for useful travel tips.

Review information about International Parental Child Abduction in Croatia .  For additional IPCA-related information, please see the  International Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act ( ICAPRA )  report.

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A Country-by-Country Guide to Reopened Europe

Members of the European Union are welcoming Americans. But there are still rules and restrictions to abide by. Here’s how to navigate them and what to expect.

New destinations are no longer being added to this list , as many European countries are now open to American travelers. See an up-to-date list of countries open to U.S. travelers here .

On June 18, the European Union recommended lifting the ban on nonessential travel for visitors from the United States just in time for the summer season, which is crucial to the E.U.’s economy.

While the bloc aims to take a coordinated approach to travel this summer, the recommendation is nonbinding and member states are allowed to set their own requirements for travelers from individual countries based on their own epidemiological criteria.

Visitors from outside the bloc who can show documentation of having received E.U.-approved vaccines — including those from Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson — will, for many E.U. countries, be allowed to enter without having to take a test or quarantine upon arrival. The bloc will also allow people to travel from countries it considers epidemiologically safe, regardless of their vaccination status. (Any passengers transiting through some areas where there has been a spike in cases involving the highly contagious Delta variant , including Britain, on their way to other European countries should check with the authorities in their final destination to determine whether they may be subject to additional rules.)

The European Union’s “safe list” also applies to Europe ’s border-free Schengen Zone, which includes non-E.U. countries such as Norway, Switzerland, Iceland and Liechtenstein.

Here is a guide to some of the continent’s most popular tourist destinations, explaining what is required for entry and what to expect if you do visit. Ceylan Yeginsu

Jump to : Croatia , Denmark, France , Germany , Greece , Iceland , Italy , Netherlands , Portugal , Spain , Switzerland , Turkey and the United Kingdom .

State of the virus

Like other countries in Europe, Croatia has seen daily cases on a constant decline after it experienced a third wave that appears to have peaked in April. According to World Health Organization data, daily deaths are now in the single digit range. Almost 30 percent of the population is fully vaccinated.

Entry requirements

Unlike some other European countries, Croatia makes no distinction between tourists and other travelers, applying the same conditions for leisure travel, essential family and business. Visitors from the European countries on the E.C.D.C.’s so-called green list (which varies constantly) can travel without restrictions . Those coming from European countries not on the green list must provide one of the following: a negative Covid test, proof of vaccination, or a certificate of recovery. Finally, visitors from outside Europe must provide the same evidence (either a negative Covid test, a vaccination certificate or a certificate of recovery), along with evidence of accommodations paid in advance or proof that they own property in Croatia, according to the government website . Travelers are advised to fill out the Enter Croatia form to speed up the process.

On June 1, Croatia and six other E.U. states began issuing vaccination certificate s to citizens to better streamline travel within the bloc. The free certificate, featuring a QR code, is available in digital or paper form, and indicates if a traveler is fully vaccinated against Covid-19, recovered from the disease or has received a negative virus test result. The rollout of the certificate program for the entire bloc (27 countries) was July 1. It is not yet available to travelers from the United States.

Currently, no direct flights operate between Croatia and the United States, but United Airlines and Delta Air Lines will launch seasonal direct flights from Newark Liberty International Airport and Kennedy International Airport in July, said Ina Rodin, an official with the Croatian National Tourist Office.

Medical facilities

Croatia has universal health care and the quality of medical facilities are in line with European standards. Rapid antigen and PCR tests are widely available, with contact information listed on Croatia’s Institute of Public Health website. Those who develop symptoms of Covid-19 while in Croatia should contact a Covid-dedicated call center by dialing 113 or one of the designated medical facilities .

Bars and cafes can operate, but customers must be seated outside. Indoor and outdoor dining is allowed in restaurants and hotels. While beaches, thermal spas, parks, zoos and most museums are open, nightclubs are closed.

The general mood seems relaxed, and people seem eager to return to quasi-normal life and welcome tourists. Croatia’s economy heavily relies on tourism, accounting for almost 20 percent of the country’s gross domestic product, according to 2018 data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

“Most people have a normal social life,” said Kresimira Kruslin, 30, a lawyer in Zagreb. “The general feeling is very optimistic. Young people feel comfortable going out for drinks and things like that,” she said. “Some people are more cautious than others, but I don’t know anyone who is scared.” Anna Momigliano

This country of 5.8 million was averaging 659 virus cases per day as of June 10, down from just over 1,000 per day in mid-May and well below last year’s peak of around 3,500. Testing is widespread and the positivity rate is holding steady at below 1 percent. Vaccinations are also picking up, with nearly half of the population having received at least one dose as of June 8.

Since June 5, fully vaccinated travelers from the United States, Canada and several other countries have been allowed to enter Denmark , including for tourism, with no requirements for testing or quarantine. Fourteen days must have passed since your last shot before entry. Any visitors who transit through Britain will need to comply with Denmark’s entry rules for Britain. More information (in English) is available from the Danish government, as well as on the website of the U.S. Embassy in Denmark. Travelers who cannot find the information they need online can call Denmark’s official arrivals hotline, +45 7020 6044.

Denmark’s hospitals are under little strain because of the pandemic. Testing is widespread and, at many testing centers, visitors can obtain a test free of charge. Check this list provided by the government to find the testing sites that serve foreigners.

Covid-related restrictions in Denmark have eased considerably over the past two months. Museums, amusement parks, movie theaters, stores, bars and restaurants are now open, although guests may be asked to provide either proof of vaccination or a recent negative test to gain entry. Restaurants and bars are now allowed to remain open until midnight, but clubs and other nightlife will remain shut until Sept. 1. Mask requirements are also being phased out: As of June 14, masks are required only while standing up on public transportation. Check here for the latest English-language updates on Denmark’s Covid-related regulations.

Karen Nedergaard, general manager of the Absalon Hotel and the Andersen Hotel , both in Copenhagen, said that she was happy to read the recent news about Denmark’s opening to vaccinated tourists from the United States and elsewhere. Normally, both of her hotels would be full for most of the summer, she said, but their current occupancy is around 35 percent. “I think we are going to see a pickup over the summer,” she said.

Anyone who makes the trip will have plenty of attractions to choose from. An immersive museum dedicated to Hans Christian Andersen — author of “The Little Mermaid” and “The Princess and the Pea,” among many other fairy tales and other works — opened on June 30 in the writer’s hometown, Odense. The capital city’s Tivoli Gardens amusement park will host Michelin-star pop-up restaurants throughout the summer. And in August, Copenhagen and nearby Malmo, Sweden, will co-host WorldPride and EuroGames , an LGBTI inclusive sporting event. Paige McClanahan

France’s positivity rate and case numbers have dropped steadily, thanks to the country’s accelerating vaccination campaign and a national lockdown that was announced at the end of March. As of July 7, 52 percent of the French population had received at least one dose of vaccine, and about 34 percent were fully vaccinated. Universal adult eligibility for vaccination opened up on May 31.

As of June 9, France is once again welcoming visitors from outside Europe. Passengers arriving from the United States and other countries on France’s “ green list ” are required to show either proof of vaccination or a negative PCR or antigen test performed within 72 hours of entering France. Americans wishing to travel to France can check the website of the U.S. embassy for more information.

Pressure on France’s health system has eased considerably, with the number of patients in the country’s intensive care units dropping from a high of more than 6,000 on April 26 to just over 1,100 on July 2. Covid-19 tests are now available to foreign visitors at a cost of 49 euros for a PCR test or 29 euros for an antigen test. Anyone who tests positive should isolate and call a local doctor’s office if needed; for medical emergencies, dial 15.

Nonessential stores are open, indoor and outdoor dining has resumed, masks are no longer required in most outdoor settings, and the monthslong national curfew has been done away with. Museums like the Louvre and the Musée d’Orsay have reopened their doors, as have theaters, movie theaters and cultural sites across the country, including the Château de Versailles and the Mont-Saint-Michel Abbey . Disneyland Paris reopened on June 17. Nightclubs are reopening in July. But visitors to France should still expect to encounter mask requirements and social distancing measures, including limited capacity at museums, restaurants, stores and other establishments.

The prospect of travel is as important to the national economy as it is to the French spirit. The tourism industry accounts for nearly 8 percent of France’s gross domestic product and supports some two million jobs. “We need, we want, in good health conditions, to remain the top tourist destination in Europe and the world,” said Clément Beaune, France’s minister of state for European affairs. “This is an economic issue for us.” Paige McClanahan

After a scary third wave that peaked in mid-April, infections in Germany have been plummeting. In Berlin — a city of 3.6 million people — there were only a couple of dozen new infections recorded on the July 4 weekend. Across the country, about 500 Covid patients were occupying I.C.U . beds. But there are clouds on the horizon: The Delta variant is thought to account for half of the new infections, and authorities say it’s not a matter of if the more contagious variant eventually dominates new infections, but when .

As of early July, nearly 60 percent of the population had received at least one vaccination shot, and nearly 40 percent were fully vaccinated. Within the European Union, Germany has one of the highest rates of vaccination.

Germany opened its border to U.S. tourists on June 20. Passengers arriving by plane must present a negative PCR test or proof of vaccination before boarding. Once on German ground, no quarantine is required. If you are not flying in directly, check the website of the Robert Koch Institute , the German version of the C.D.C., for arrivals from “at risk countries.”

During the pandemic a lot of resources were put into expanding coronavirus wards, so care is efficient and professional in Germany’s mostly state-of-the-art hospitals. Finding a good doctor who speaks English should not be a problem. However, currently, private doctor’s offices are inundated with people looking to get vaccinated, so if you have any kind of emergency, it is best to go to the emergency department of the local hospital. The phone number for medical emergencies is 112, or to find a doctor, call 116-117.

Covid-related restrictions are set by Germany’s 16 individual states, so rules will be a bit different in Berlin (which is its own state) and Munich (which is the capital of Bavaria). Expect to see plenty of outdoor dining, beer gardens, outdoor events and no curfews (unless infections in a particular district flare up). For certain activities, like museum visits or cultural events, you may need to make a reservation. The biggest asset in making your stay in Germany comfortable is your proof of vaccination (which you’ll want to keep with you at all times), because it allows you to skip any tests that might be required. If you are not yet fully vaccinated, you’ll have to make use of Germany’s network of quick test centers. Certain activities, like dining indoors may require a negative test result for those without proof of vaccination.

Germany’s international tourist board runs a handy website in English that provides an up-to-date overview of local rules in individual states.

Medical masks or even FFP2 (similar to N95) masks are generally required on all public transport, national train lines, stores and indoor public spaces. Children under 6 generally don’t require masks.

After what seemed like endless months of lockdowns, Germans are ready to get out and enjoy social and cultural life again. This could be one of the great seasons for travel in Germany. Christopher F. Schuetze

Greece recovered from its spring wave of Covid infections, but case numbers were on the rise again in early July. As of July 4, the average daily case count was just over 700, up from a low of around 360 a week earlier. Similarly, the share of coronavirus tests that are positive has remained low, at around 1.3 percent.

About 47 percent of the Greek population had received at least one dose of vaccine as of July 7, while about 38 percent were fully vaccinated. Those who work in the country’s tourism industry have been prioritized in the vaccine rollout, as have a number of the islands. The country’s health minister announced in May that residents of tourist-heavy islands such as Mykonos, Santorini and Corfu were next in line to receive their doses.

On arrival in Athens, travelers will need to present a certificate of vaccination, a negative coronavirus test no more than 72 hours old, or proof of recovery from Covid-19 within the past nine months. Passengers may also be subject to random rapid testing at the airport; anyone who tests positive will be put up at a local hotel for at least 10 days, along with their traveling companions, at the expense of the Greek government. Details on the rules of entry can be found here . Anyone planning to fly within the country will be subject to the same requirements as those arriving from abroad.

Greece, like Croatia and five other members of the European Union , began offering vaccination certificates to its citizens on June 1. The certificate program is not yet available to travelers from the United States.

Greece’s medical facilities, which have struggled from years of underfunding, were severely strained during the recent spring Covid-19 wave, but the pressures have eased. Any visitor who tests positive while in Greece should self isolate and contact a local doctor’s office if needed; in a medical emergency, dial 166.

Life in Greece is feeling closer to normal as the government has done away with many of the restrictions imposed during the country’s monthslong lockdown. Outdoor archaeological sites reopened in early spring, while restaurants and cafes once again began offering outdoor service (with a maximum of six people per table) on May 3. Greece’s museums have been open to all — with masks required and social distancing measures in place — since May 14. Open-air cinemas, spas, wellness centers and outdoor theaters are all welcoming guests, while ferry services to the islands are up and running, with limited capacity and mask requirements.

Greece jumped ahead of many of its European neighbors in opening up to vaccinated or Covid-negative tourists from the United States and a handful of other countries. The tourism industry accounts for roughly a quarter of total employment and more than a fifth of Greece’s gross domestic product, so restarting the industry is critical to helping the country recover from 2020, when the economy shrank by 8.2 percent.

“Unfortunately, after more than 10 years of economic hardship, tourism and food is our only industry,” Kostas Tzilialis, who works at a cafe and bookshop in central Athens, said recently . “We don’t produce cars or machines. So we have to open our industry right now. Let’s hope that people will be careful and the vaccines will protect us.” Paige McClanahan

Since January, Iceland has had only several hundred confirmed cases of the coronavirus. The daily count is currently in the single digits, after a relatively sharp rise in mid-April (peaking at 27 cases). As of July 6, about 75 percent of adult Icelanders had been fully vaccinated. Unlike some of its Nordic neighbors, Iceland has not suspended the use of the AstraZeneca vaccine, putting its efforts ahead of the European curve.

People with documentation of vaccination or previous infection do not have to undergo a test upon, or before, arrival. They just need to show their vaccine “passport” and 14 days have to have passed from the second dose (or 14 days from a Janssen/Johnson & Johnson dose) for a certificate to be valid.

Tourists who are not vaccinated need to quarantine for five days at a government-provided quarantine hotel (the stay is free of charge). Before arrival, they need to register and provide a negative PCR test that is no more than 72 hours old. More details on the rules of entry can be found here .

With one of the highest life expectancies in Europe, Iceland has an advanced health care system. As of July 6, the country’s hospital had no Covid patients.

In case of symptoms, visitors can call 1700 (on an Icelandic line) or +354 544 4113 (from any phone) to get tested. The local emergency number is 112.

Iceland has weathered the pandemic without ever resorting to the near-total social and economic shutdowns enforced in many other European countries. The success is partly a testament to its tiny population — about 360,000 people — but is also the result of decisive action by authorities, with rapid testing available early in the crisis. The country’s strict requirements still make it hard for everyone but vaccinated people to visit.

Gyms, pubs, restaurants, museums — just about everything — remain open. Tourism is the island’s largest job sector and the economic pain has been felt particularly by the thousands of migrants who came to Iceland during the previous boom years. While the unemployment rate is expected to remain high this year, local business leaders claim traffic is improving by the week.

On a chilly morning in the northern town of Husavik, two American tourists, Kevin Campbell and Susan Montgomery, from Oregon, were on their sixth — “or seventh” — trip to Iceland. “Locals value the presence of tourists these days,” Mr. Campbell, 69, said. Earlier that morning they had tried to enter Husavik’s iconic wooden church, but the door was locked. “Then a lady from a nearby store came running with a key this big,” Mr. Campbell said — indicating with his hands something that was the size of a milk carton — “and showed us inside.”

On Husavik’s harbor — made famous when the town was featured in the Netflix film “Eurovision Song Contest: The Story of Fire Saga” — two rival whale-watching companies were competing for business. Nearby, restaurants offered multiple versions of fish, with one chalkboard highlighting the word “fresh.” Egill Bjarnason

In Italy the pandemic has been in steady remission for months, after the country exited a third wave that peaked in March. New cases and deaths have been in decline. In this country of almost 60 million, daily deaths are in the two-digit range according to W.H.O. data. Hospitalizations have also gone down, according to the Italian research foundation, Gimbe. More than 55 percent of Italians are at least partially vaccinated.

Visitors from the United States and other non-European countries that are considered low risk (Japan, Canada, Australia and Singapore) need both a coronavirus test and a 10-day-quarantine. But Americans can avoid the quarantine if they take special “ Covid-tested flights ” that require taking a test both before and after the flight, and submit an E.U. digital passenger locator form . These Covid-tested flights are already available from New York and Atlanta to Milan and Rome, and will soon be offered to Venice and Naples. From countries considered high risk , only travel for essential reasons (such as business, study or medical care) is allowed, and no travel is allowed from India and Brazil.

Italy has one of Europe’s best health care systems. When northern Italy was severely hit in March and April 2020, hospitals were overwhelmed, but that is no longer the case. The percentage of intensive care units taken over by Covid patients is declining and is now at 23 percent, according to statistics compiled by Gimbe , the research foundation.

Italy regulates restrictions with a system that places each of its 20 regions on a white-yellow-orange-red scale, which can at times result in significant differences across the country. Currently most of Italy is listed as “yellow,” with minor restrictions. Bars and restaurants are open for indoor and outdoor service. Museums and theaters are open, but at a reduced capacity.

The mood is mixed with optimism, pandemic fatigue and excitement. On May 4 Prime Minister Mario Draghi gave a speech that energized the climate: “It’s time to book your vacations in Italy, we can’t wait to welcome you again,” he said, referring to international tourists.

Those working in the tourism industry say it worked. “Draghi’s announcement energized the bookings, we saw an increase just the day after,” said Giuseppe Artolli, 62, who manages COMO Castello del Nero, a castle-turned-hotel in Chianti.

Carlo Dalla Chiesa, 43, manages Milan’s youth hostel Ostello Bello, a popular destination for young international travelers, but also a place where locals go for their aperitif. Even though the hostel lost 97 percent of revenue during the pandemic, he said the owners feel very optimistic and now are expanding their business in Rome, Florence, Genoa and Palermo. He is convinced that youth tourism is going to boom more than “adult” tourism.

“It feels like 1989, when the Berlin Wall fell and suddenly all the young folks from East Berlin started to travel,” he said. “Just think of the kids who are 20 right now, and have spent two years in lockdowns, now they’re going to want to travel a lot, and on a budget.” Anna Momigliano

Netherlands

Although infections are diminishing, they remain relatively high in the Netherlands when compared to its neighbors. The weekly infection rate is nearly 50 per 100,000 people, a slight uptick from previous weeks. While the worst is over for now, more than half of the country’s 25 regions, including the regions of Rotterdam, The Hague and Amsterdam, are rated as having a “concerning’ risk level.” As of July 5, about 60 percent of the population had received at least one vaccine dose; 36 percent are fully vaccinated.

On June 24, restrictions for visitors coming from the United States were lifted. Whether vaccinated or not, anyone coming from the United States can enter without a test. Once in the Netherlands, testing is unlikely to be required, but the Dutch have set up a good national PCR testing network if it should be required.

Like the rest of the country’s infrastructure, Dutch hospitals are modern and professional. Finding English-speaking doctors in the Netherlands, especially in the major cities, is not difficult. The phone number for medical emergencies is 112.

The country has begun reopening, with evening curfew, mask and crowd-size rules relaxing. Restaurants, bars, theaters, cinemas and museums are all open again, even though distancing rules will continue to be in force. Masks will still be required on public transportation, national train lines, train stations and other places, so keep one handy in your bag. Like much of the rest of Europe, the Netherlands suffered badly during the pandemic. But despite some areas of concern, the news that the country will finally shed most of its pandemic rules will make the Netherlands a joyous place to visit. Christopher F. Schuetze

In this country of 10 million people, the Covid-19 situation has fluctuated dramatically this year, forcing the authorities to adjust lockdown restrictions on a monthly, if not weekly, basis. As of July 7, 133 patients were being treated for Covid-19 in intensive care units, almost double the amount in mid-June. In a sign of how quickly things can change, a recent surge of new cases around Lisbon resulted in authorities ordering a weekend lockdown on June 18. Nighttime curfews have also been reintroduced in Lisbon, Porto and many other parts of the country. The health authorities said in early July that almost 90 percent of the new Covid-19 cases in Portugal were of the Delta variant, which is considered more contagious.

As of July 7, over half of Portugal’s population had received at least one dose of a Covid-19 vaccine — that includes 3.5 million residents who had already been fully vaccinated. The rollout was accelerated in June in Lisbon to counter another increase in the infection rate in the capital region. People from the age of 40 started getting shots on June 6, and those aged 30 on June 20.

Americans may now travel to Portugal with proof of a negative Covid-19 test, according to the U.S. Embassy and Consulate in Portugal. The tests, also mandatory for visitors from almost all other countries, must be done before landing in Portugal. But people who drive across the land border between Spain and Portugal, which was reopened in May, are not required to have undergone a test, independent of their nationality.

Quarantine obligations only remain in place for visitors from countries that have an infection rate of more than 500 cases per 100,000 inhabitants.

Portugal has a modern public health-care system, including good access to emergency services. Still, hospitals in Lisbon were overwhelmed in early 2021 by a sudden wave of Covid-19 that was much stronger than what Portugal had experienced the previous year. German military doctors flew to Portugal to help overcome staff shortages, while some patients were also flown from Lisbon to Austria to reduce the burden on local hospitals. The website of the Portuguese health ministry can help visitors locate the nearest Covid-19 testing center. For any medical emergency, dial 112, a toll-free number.

Portugal has gradually been lifting its lockdown restrictions since mid-March, when schools reopened. But with the emergence of infections traced to the Delta variant, some areas are imposing new restrictions. As of July 2, a curfew from 11 p.m. to 5 a.m. in Lisbon, Porto and other popular tourism spots will be in place.

In May, Portugal became one of the first European countries to reopen to British tourists, which form its largest set of foreign visitors. On May 29, the northern city of Porto welcomed thousands of English fans for the final of the European Champions League, without any quarantine requirement — even as Germany, France and some other European countries reintroduced quarantine for British visitors amid concerns that they could also spread the highly contagious Delta variant of the disease. But in early June, the British government made a U-turn and reintroduced a quarantine for people returning from Portugal, creating chaos for British tourists who had hoped to stay longer on vacation in the country. Raphael Minder

Spain’s virus numbers have been worsening since June, despite an acceleration of its vaccination program. As of July 7, almost 20 million residents had been fully vaccinated, equivalent to 41 percent of Spain’s population of 47 million. Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez recently forecast that 70 percent of Spaniards would be vaccinated by Aug. 17.

Spain reopened to vaccinated American tourists — as well as visitors from other countries deemed to have a low risk of Covid-19 infection — on June 7. Travelers on a list of countries with a higher risk will have to show the negative results of an antigen test before flying to Spain. But visitors who drive across the land border between Portugal and Spain, which reopened in May, are not required to have undergone a test.

Spain prides itself on having one of Europe’s most extensive and modern public health care systems, and access to emergency services is very efficient. But the system was seriously strained in the spring of 2020, particularly in Madrid, where hospitals overflowed with Covid-19 patients. In recent months, the situation has improved significantly, albeit with some important differences between the regions.

For any medical emergency, visitors can dial 112, a toll-free number that works 24/7 across the country and can connect callers to the nearest hospital or health facility. Specific information about health services in the Madrid capital region is also readily available.

Travel across Spain has resumed since the government lifted a national state of emergency on May 9. While wearing a face mask in public spaces continues to be a nationwide obligation, whatever other restrictions remain in place are in the hands of regional administrations. These restrictions have been tweaked almost on a weekly basis, which means that Spain has turned into a mosaic of regulations that visitors should review carefully. On June 8, Valencia became the last region of Spain to remove its nighttime curfew. Some regions, however, continue to maintain other specific restrictions, and have, for instance, adopted different closing hours for restaurants and bars.

For many months, Madrid has been one of Europe’s most bustling cities, with bars and shops kept open, as well as art museums, cinemas, theaters and an opera house that was one of the few in the world to stage a full season, including a new production in May of Benjamin Britten’s “Peter Grimes.” Already, the restaurant scene and cultural life of Madrid is attracting tourists from Paris and many other places that had imposed far stricter lockdown restrictions. In fact, “Freedom” was the campaign slogan that is believed to have helped Madrid region’s leader, Isabel Díaz Ayuso, win a landslide re-election victory in early May.

But since the start of July, several regions in Spain have made U-turns and reintroduced lockdown restrictions, particularly to discourage young people from partying at night. As of July 9, all indoor nightclubs will close again in Catalonia, the northeastern region whose capital is Barcelona. The central government is also reviewing demands from some regional politicians to reimpose rules such as the compulsory wearing of face masks outdoors, which stopped being mandatory on June 26. Raphael Minder

Switzerland

Infections have dropped steadily since mid-April, while vaccinations are also picking up pace, with about 52 percent of the population having received at least one dose as of July 7.

As of June 26, travelers arriving from the United States and other countries that are no longer deemed “high risk” are allowed to enter Switzerland provided that they can show proof of full vaccination, proof of recovery from a Covid-19 infection, or a recent negative virus test. More information on the entry requirements is available from the Swiss government .

Switzerland’s superb health care system is currently under little strain because of the pandemic. The Swiss government has a list of testing centers that travelers can consult. Anyone who tests positive while in the country should follow the government’s instructions for isolation . In a medical emergency, dial 144.

Switzerland’s latest round of lockdown easing took effect on May 31, when indoor dining was once again permitted with a limit of four people per table. (Outdoor dining has been allowed since April.) Thermal baths, indoor swimming pools and spas were also given a May 31 reopening date, while limits on attendance at public spectator events were raised to 100 people indoors and 300 people outdoors. Large-scale events are now permitted, though still with some upper limits on attendance. That leaves open the possibility that the Swiss summer festival season could go ahead, though on a smaller scale than normal, in some cases. The two-week Montreux Jazz Festival kicked off on July 2, while the Locarno Film Festival will run from Aug. 4 to 14, and the Zurich Food Festival is scheduled for Sept. 16 to 26. For the latest information on what’s open in Switzerland, the MySwitzerland website has all of the details .

The Swiss tourism industry is hoping that the country’s image as a stable and hygienic destination will help it to win back visitors. “Before the pandemic, you would have said, ‘Well, this is absolutely not sexy and not a huge asset in tourism promotion — that you are clean, that you are safe, that you are well organized,’” said Mr. Aschwanden, the Switzerland Tourism spokesman. “But now we realize that this is one of the best images that you can have.” Paige McClanahan

Infections and deaths in Turkey from the coronavirus have been declining steadily. Turkey so far has fully vaccinated about 19 percent of its population of 83 million people; about 44 percent have received their first dose.

Turkey has remained open to tourists, including Americans, throughout the pandemic. Most international arrivals are required to show proof of vaccination or a negative PCR test taken within 72 hours of arrival.

Passengers arriving from Brazil, South Africa, India, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka are required to quarantine in government-assigned accommodations and will be released if they test negative for the virus after day 10.

Turkey offers health insurance packages starting at as little as $15 that cover foreign visitors for Covid-19 treatment and hospitalization for up to 30 days. The country treats coronavirus patients in both public and private hospitals and opened 17 new hospitals last year to provide more intensive-care capacity for Covid treatment.

Turkey’s economy is heavily dependent on tourism, and its response to the pandemic has been defined, in large part, by not cutting off its flow. The country has had a two-tiered system in place throughout the pandemic that exempts visitors from the strictest lockdown measures, including a curfew at night and on weekends that requires residents to stay at home.

Tourists are free to visit museums, beaches and other sites across the country. Hotels and resorts are open with capacity restrictions, and Turkey is prioritizing vaccinations for tourism workers.

On June 1, restaurants and cafes reopened for indoor and outdoor dining. All the restrictions are expected to be lifted at the start of the all-important tourist season in July. Ceylan Yeginsu

The United Kingdom

More than 68 percent of Britain’s population has received one dose of a coronavirus vaccine and the government aims to offer the rest of the adult population its first shot by the end of July. So far, 50 percent of the population has been fully vaccinated.

Entry Requirements

England has devised a “traffic light” system for foreign visitors, which determines quarantine and testing requirements depending on case numbers and the prevalence of coronavirus variants in their home countries.

Only British and Irish nationals and those with residence rights in the United Kingdom are permitted to enter England from destinations on the red list , which includes India and Brazil. Anyone who has visited or passed through a red country within 10 days of arrival is required to get a coronavirus test 72 hours before their departure and must quarantine for 10 days in a government-designated hotel, which costs about $2,400 per person traveling alone.

The United States and most European countries are currently on England’s amber list , which requires travelers to show proof of a negative virus test taken 72 hours before departure and then self-isolate at home or at a suitable hotel for 10 days after arriving in the United Kingdom.

On day two and day eight of quarantining, travelers must take PCR tests, which cost about $300 and must be purchased in advance from British authorities. Those who want to be released from self-isolation early can take an additional test through a private provider on Day 5, at a cost of about $200, but they still must take the final test on Day 8. (The cost of tests may vary when entering Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.)

Visitors from countries or territories on England’s green list — there are currently 27, including Australia and New Zealand — are exempt from quarantine but are required to take a PCR test before departure and two days after arrival. (Some of the listed destinations are on a “green watchlist,” meaning they could abruptly switch to amber.)

The National Health Service contact tracing department carries out regular spot checks by phone and in person to ensure that passengers are complying with quarantine rules. Those found breaking them could face fines of up to $14,000 and jail time.

The traffic light system will be reviewed every three weeks with the possibility for countries to move up or down depending on how well they are containing the pandemic.

Medical Facilities

Foreign citizens visiting Britain have free access to National Health Service coronavirus testing and treatment, including hospitalization if it is required.

Pubs, restaurants, theaters, museums, stores and hotels have reopened, although capacity restrictions and social distancing measures still apply. While outside, most people do not wear masks, but indoors they are still expected to do so unless eating or drinking in a restaurant.

Across major cities such as London, Manchester, Brighton and Edinburgh, restaurants and bars are buzzing with people reuniting with friends and family and enjoying their newfound freedom after months of lockdown. Demand in coastal destinations like Cornwall and Dorset has soared in recent weeks as the weather warms and Britons book domestic beach vacations.

The government planned to lift remaining coronavirus restrictions by June 21, including those on nightclubs and large events such as festivals, but a spike in cases of a highly transmissible new variant pushed the date back to July 19 . Ceylan Yeginsu

Follow New York Times Travel on Instagram , Twitter and Facebook . And sign up for our weekly Travel Dispatch newsletter to receive expert tips on traveling smarter and inspiration for your next vacation. Dreaming up a future getaway or just armchair traveling? Check out our 52 Places list for 2021 .

An earlier version of this article misstated Clément Beaune's role in the French government. He is the European affairs minister, not the foreign minister.

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COVID-19: travel health notice for all travellers

Croatia travel advice

Latest updates: The Need help? section was updated.

Last updated: March 25, 2024 10:20 ET

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Safety and security, entry and exit requirements, laws and culture, natural disasters and climate, croatia - take normal security precautions.

Take normal security precautions in Croatia

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The violent crime rate is low. Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and purse snatching, is common.

Organized groups of pickpockets often use distraction techniques and are particularly active in:

• main cities
• public transportation hubs
• hotel lobbies
• restaurants, patios and outdoor cafés
• tourist sites and attractions

While in Croatia:

• avoid showing signs of affluence and carrying large sums of cash
• ensure that your belongings, including your passport and other travel documents, are secure at all times
• don’t leave luggage unattended at airport check-in or ticket counters, car rental desks or hotel lobbies
• don’t leave luggage or valuables in a vehicle, and always park your vehicle in secure facilities
• be cautious when travelling on public transportation and overnight trains
• carry a photocopy or digital copy of your passport identification page, driver’s licence, train or airline tickets and credit cards

Credit card and ATM fraud may occur. Be cautious when using debit or credit cards:

• pay careful attention when others are handling your cards
• use ATMs located in public areas or inside a bank or business
• avoid using card readers with an irregular or unusual feature
• cover the keypad with one hand when entering your PIN
• check for any unauthorized transactions on your account statements

Some bars, nightclubs and “cabarets” may try to charge exorbitant prices. Disputes about overcharging may lead to threats of violence, and security guards may force you to pay.

• Always confirm prices before consuming
• Avoid running a tab or leaving your credit card with bar or restaurant staff
• Check your bill to make sure it’s exact

Overseas fraud

Spiked food and drinks

Never leave food or drinks unattended or in the care of strangers. Be wary of accepting snacks, beverages, gum or cigarettes from new acquaintances. These items may contain drugs that could put you at risk of sexual assault and robbery.

While most of the territory has been cleared, landmines and unexploded ordnance may still pose a serious risk in certain areas. These are usually clearly identified and major tourist destinations are not affected.

The Croatian Mine Action Centre maintains a map of suspected minefields and has also developed a free smartphone app to alert users if they enter a danger zone.

If you plan on visiting areas outside of major tourist destinations:

• consult the map of suspected minefields and download the alert app
• pay attention to signs indicating the possible presence of landmines
• remain on paved roads
• avoid open fields, road shoulders and unmarked trails

Useful links

• Map of suspected minefields - The Croatian Mine Action Centre
• Minefields info app - The Croatian Mine Action Centre

There is a threat of terrorism in Europe. Terrorists have carried out attacks in several European cities. Terrorist attacks could occur at any time.

Targets could include:

• government buildings, including schools
• places of worship
• airports and other transportation hubs and networks
• public areas such as tourist attractions, restaurants, bars, coffee shops, shopping centres, markets, hotels and other sites frequented by foreigners

Always be aware of your surroundings when in public places. Be particularly vigilant during:

• sporting events
• religious holidays
• public celebrations
• major political events, such as elections

Terrorists may use such occasions to mount attacks.

Demonstrations

Demonstrations take place from time to time.

Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent at any time. They can also lead to disruptions to traffic and public transportation.

• Avoid areas where demonstrations and large gatherings are taking place
• Follow the instructions of local authorities
• Monitor local media for information on ongoing demonstrations

Mass gatherings (large-scale events)

Soccer matches and sports events

Sports events sometimes lead to rowdy behaviour and violent incidents.

Be vigilant if you attend soccer matches and sports rallies.

Water activities

Coastal waters can be dangerous.

In the fall and winter months, waves can be unpredictable, breaking further than expected and causing strong undertows.

• Be cautious when walking on the shore
• Avoid visiting beaches or coastal areas during periods of severe weather warnings
• Always take into account warning flags at beaches
• Don’t dive into unknown water, as hidden rocks or shallow depths can cause serious injury or death
• Exercise caution and follow the advice of local authorities

Recreational boating

If you are planning to go boating:

• know the navigation rules
• follow safe practices for all water activities such as jet-skiing, water-skiing, diving, swimming or fishing
• don’t overload your boat capacity
• carry a VHF marine radio that will generate your position in case of emergency
• be prepared for emergencies

Water safety abroad

Mountain activities

Mountain activities, such as hiking, can be dangerous, especially if they are not well prepared. Trails are not always marked and weather conditions can change rapidly, even in summer.

If you intend to go hiking or climbing:

• never do so alone
• consider hiring an experienced guide from a reputable company
• buy travel insurance that includes helicopter rescue and medical evacuation
• ensure that your physical condition is good enough to meet the challenges of your activity
• ensure that you’re properly equipped
• stay informed about weather and other conditions that may pose a hazard
• inform a family member or friend of your itinerary
• obtain detailed information on trekking routes before setting out
• do not venture off marked trails

Road safety

Road conditions and road safety can vary greatly throughout the country. Driving conditions may be hazardous on small roads. Many roads are poorly maintained. In Istria and along the Adriatic coast, roads can be congested, narrow and slippery when wet. Many lack guard rails. Accidents involving cyclists have occurred.

Drivers don’t always respect traffic laws.

In Zagreb, always be alert when walking, driving or cycling near tram rails.

Road conditions and safety information - Croatian Automobile Association (Hrvatski Autoklub)

Public transportation

Public transportation in Zagreb is extensive, safe and reliable.

You must validate your ticket before boarding transportation.

Train and bus

Main cities and tourist areas are well connected by bus services and trains.

Ferry services operate between mainland and several islands of the Adriatic coast, particularly during summer.

Taxis are generally safe. Ridesharing services are available.

• Use only officially marked taxis or a trusted ridesharing app
• Negotiate fares in advance or insist that the driver use the meter, as you may be overcharged

We do not make assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards.

Information about foreign domestic airlines

Every country or territory decides who can enter or exit through its borders. The Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet your destination’s entry or exit requirements.

We have obtained the information on this page from the Croatian authorities. It can, however, change at any time.

Verify this information with the  Foreign Representatives in Canada .

• Schengen area

Croatia is a Schengen area country. Canadian citizens do not need a visa for travel to countries within the Schengen area. However, visa-free travel only applies to stays of up to 90 days in any 180-day period. Stays are cumulative and include visits to any Schengen area country.

If you plan to stay in the Schengen area for a longer period of time, you will need a visa. You must contact the high commission or embassy of the country or countries you are travelling to and obtain the appropriate visa(s) prior to travel.

• Foreign Representatives in Canada

Entry requirements vary depending on the type of passport you use for travel.

Before you travel, check with your transportation company about passport requirements. Its rules on passport validity may be more stringent than the country’s entry rules.

Regular Canadian passport

Your passport must be valid for at least 3 months beyond the date you expect to leave from Croatia.

Passport for official travel

Different entry rules may apply.

Official travel

Passport with “X” gender identifier

While the Government of Canada issues passports with an “X” gender identifier, it cannot guarantee your entry or transit through other countries. You might face entry restrictions in countries that do not recognize the “X” gender identifier. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Other travel documents

Different entry rules may apply when travelling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

• Foreign Representatives in Canada
• Canadian passports

Tourist visa: not required for stays up to 90 days in any 180-day period Business visa: not required for stays up to 90 days in any 180-day period Student visa: not required for stays up to 90 days in any 180-day period

Information on visas - Ministry of Interior of Croatia

Other entry requirements

Customs officials may ask you to show them a return or onward ticket and proof of sufficient funds to cover your stay.

Entry by sea

If you plan on entering Croatia by sea on your boat or a rented boat, you must:

• pass through immigration clearance at the closest port open to international traffic
• obtain a vignette from the Harbour Master’s Office or its Branch Office

Registration

You must report your presence in Croatia to local authorities within 48 hours of arrival.

Commercial accommodations will generally file the registration on your behalf, but you are responsible for making sure it's done. Registration can take up to 24 hours.

If you are staying in private accommodations, you must register with local police.

Failure to register may lead to fines or expulsion from Croatia.

Yellow fever

Learn about potential entry requirements related to yellow fever (vaccines section).

Children and travel

Learn more about travelling with children .

Relevant Travel Health Notices

• Global Measles Notice - 13 March, 2024
• COVID-19 and International Travel - 13 March, 2024

This section contains information on possible health risks and restrictions regularly found or ongoing in the destination. Follow this advice to lower your risk of becoming ill while travelling. Not all risks are listed below.

Consult a health care professional or visit a travel health clinic preferably 6 weeks before you travel to get personalized health advice and recommendations.

Routine vaccines

Be sure that your  routine vaccinations , as per your province or territory , are up-to-date before travelling, regardless of your destination.

Some of these vaccinations include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella (chickenpox), influenza and others.

Pre-travel vaccines and medications

You may be at risk for preventable diseases while travelling in this destination. Talk to a travel health professional about which medications or vaccines may be right for you, based on your destination and itinerary. 

Yellow fever is a disease caused by a flavivirus from the bite of an infected mosquito.

Travellers get vaccinated either because it is required to enter a country or because it is recommended for their protection.

• There is no risk of yellow fever in this country.

Country Entry Requirement*

• Proof of vaccination is not required to enter this country.

Recommendation

• Vaccination is not recommended.

* It is important to note that country entry requirements may not reflect your risk of yellow fever at your destination. It is recommended that you contact the nearest diplomatic or consular office of the destination(s) you will be visiting to verify any additional entry requirements.

About Yellow Fever

Yellow Fever Vaccination Centres in Canada

There is a risk of hepatitis A in this destination. It is a disease of the liver. People can get hepatitis A if they ingest contaminated food or water, eat foods prepared by an infectious person, or if they have close physical contact (such as oral-anal sex) with an infectious person, although casual contact among people does not spread the virus.

Practise  safe food and water precautions and wash your hands often. Vaccination is recommended for all travellers to areas where hepatitis A is present.

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a risk in some areas of this destination. It is a viral disease that affects the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). It is spread to humans by the bite of infected ticks or occasionally when unpasteurized milk products are consumed.

Travellers to areas where TBE is found may be at higher risk  during April to November, and the risk is highest for people who hike or camp in forested areas.

Protect yourself from tick bites . The vaccine is not available in Canada. It may be available in the destination you are travelling to.

Measles is a highly contagious viral disease. It can spread quickly from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

Anyone who is not protected against measles is at risk of being infected with it when travelling internationally.

Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are fully protected against measles.

  Hepatitis B is a risk in every destination. It is a viral liver disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another through exposure to blood and body fluids containing the hepatitis B virus.  Travellers who may be exposed to blood or other bodily fluids (e.g., through sexual contact, medical treatment, sharing needles, tattooing, acupuncture or occupational exposure) are at higher risk of getting hepatitis B.

Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all travellers. Prevent hepatitis B infection by practicing safe sex, only using new and sterile drug equipment, and only getting tattoos and piercings in settings that follow public health regulations and standards.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious viral disease. It can spread from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

It is recommended that all eligible travellers complete a COVID-19 vaccine series along with any additional recommended doses in Canada before travelling. Evidence shows that vaccines are very effective at preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death from COVID-19. While vaccination provides better protection against serious illness, you may still be at risk of infection from the virus that causes COVID-19. Anyone who has not completed a vaccine series is at increased risk of being infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 and is at greater risk for severe disease when travelling internationally.

Before travelling, verify your destination’s COVID-19 vaccination entry/exit requirements. Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are adequately protected against COVID-19.

 The best way to protect yourself from seasonal influenza (flu) is to get vaccinated every year. Get the flu shot at least 2 weeks before travelling.  

 The flu occurs worldwide. 

•  In the Northern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs from November to   April.
•  In the Southern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs between April and   October.
•  In the tropics, there is flu activity year round. 

The flu vaccine available in one hemisphere may only offer partial protection against the flu in the other hemisphere.

The flu virus spreads from person to person when they cough or sneeze or by touching objects and surfaces that have been contaminated with the virus. Clean your hands often and wear a mask if you have a fever or respiratory symptoms.

In this destination, rabies  may be present in some wildlife species, including bats. Rabies is a deadly disease that spreads to humans primarily through bites or scratches from an infected animal. 

If you are bitten or scratched by an animal while travelling, immediately wash the wound with soap and clean water and see a health care professional. 

Before travel, discuss rabies vaccination with a health care professional. It may be recommended for travellers who will be working directly with wildlife. 

Safe food and water precautions

Many illnesses can be caused by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated by bacteria, parasites, toxins, or viruses, or by swimming or bathing in contaminated water.

• Learn more about food and water precautions to take to avoid getting sick by visiting our eat and drink safely abroad page. Remember: Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it!
• Avoid getting water into your eyes, mouth or nose when swimming or participating in activities in freshwater (streams, canals, lakes), particularly after flooding or heavy rain. Water may look clean but could still be polluted or contaminated.
• Avoid inhaling or swallowing water while bathing, showering, or swimming in pools or hot tubs. 

Insect bite prevention

Many diseases are spread by the bites of infected insects such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas or flies. When travelling to areas where infected insects may be present:

• Use insect repellent (bug spray) on exposed skin
• Cover up with light-coloured, loose clothes made of tightly woven materials such as nylon or polyester
• Minimize exposure to insects
• Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in buildings that are not fully enclosed

To learn more about how you can reduce your risk of infection and disease caused by bites, both at home and abroad, visit our insect bite prevention page.

Find out what types of insects are present where you’re travelling, when they’re most active, and the symptoms of the diseases they spread.

• In this country, risk of  dengue  is sporadic. It is a viral disease spread to humans by mosquito bites.
• Dengue can cause flu-like symptoms. In some cases, it can lead to severe dengue, which can be fatal.
• The level of risk of dengue changes seasonally, and varies from year to year. The level of risk also varies between regions in a country and can depend on the elevation in the region.
• Mosquitoes carrying dengue typically bite during the daytime, particularly around sunrise and sunset.
• Protect yourself from mosquito bites . There is no vaccine or medication that protects against dengue fever.

Animal precautions

Some infections, such as rabies and influenza, can be shared between humans and animals. Certain types of activities may increase your chance of contact with animals, such as travelling in rural or forested areas, camping, hiking, and visiting wet markets (places where live animals are slaughtered and sold) or caves.

Travellers are cautioned to avoid contact with animals, including dogs, livestock (pigs, cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats, and to avoid eating undercooked wild game.

Closely supervise children, as they are more likely to come in contact with animals.

Person-to-person infections

Stay home if you’re sick and practise proper cough and sneeze etiquette , which includes coughing or sneezing into a tissue or the bend of your arm, not your hand. Reduce your risk of colds, the flu and other illnesses by:

•   washing your hands often
• avoiding or limiting the amount of time spent in closed spaces, crowded places, or at large-scale events (concerts, sporting events, rallies)
• avoiding close physical contact with people who may be showing symptoms of illness 

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) , HIV , and mpox are spread through blood and bodily fluids; use condoms, practise safe sex, and limit your number of sexual partners. Check with your local public health authority pre-travel to determine your eligibility for mpox vaccine.  

Medical services and facilities

Good health care is available in major cities. It may be more limited in rural areas.

Emergency services, especially on the Croatian islands, may be inadequate. Upfront payments may be requested.

Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.

Travel health and safety

Keep in Mind...

The decision to travel is the sole responsibility of the traveller. The traveller is also responsible for his or her own personal safety.

Be prepared. Do not expect medical services to be the same as in Canada. Pack a   travel health kit , especially if you will be travelling away from major city centres.

You must abide by local laws.

Learn about what you should do and how we can help if you are arrested or detained abroad .

Transfer to a Canadian prison

Canada and Croatia are signatories to the Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons. This enables a Canadian imprisoned in Croatia to request a transfer to a Canadian prison to complete a sentence. The transfer requires the agreement of both Canadian and Croatia authorities.

This process can take a long time, and there is no guarantee that the transfer will be approved by either or both sides.

Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs are severe. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences or heavy fines.

Drugs, alcohol and travel

Identification

Authorities may request to see your ID at any time.

• Carry valid identification or a photocopy of it at all times
• Keep a photocopy of your passport in case it’s lost or seized
• Keep a digital copy of your ID and travel documents

Public behaviour

Certain municipalities, particularly those with a high number of visitors, have adopted public conduct rules which are strictly enforced by local authorities. Certain behaviours are illegal and may include:

• walking in an urban setting or religious places in swimwear or shirtless
• being drunk on the public way
• sleeping in public areas

Public notices about conduct are usually found in and around tourist areas.

Comply with public regulation. You may be fined if you fail to do so.

Dual citizenship

Dual citizenship is legally recognized in Croatia.

If you are a Canadian citizen, but also a citizen of Croatia, our ability to offer you consular services may be limited while you're there. You may also be subject to different entry/exit requirements .

Travellers with dual citizenship

International Child Abduction

The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights. The convention applies between Canada and Croatia.

If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in Croatia, and if the applicable conditions are met, you may apply for the return of your child to the Croatian court.

If you are in this situation:

• act as quickly as you can
• contact the Central Authority for your province or territory of residence for information on starting an application under The Hague Convention
• consult a lawyer in Canada and in Croatia to explore all the legal options for the return of your child
• report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or to the Vulnerable Children’s Consular Unit at Global Affairs Canada by calling the Emergency Watch and Response Centre

If your child was removed from a country other than Canada, consult a lawyer to determine if The Hague Convention applies.

Be aware that Canadian consular officials cannot interfere in private legal matters or in another country’s judicial affairs.

• List of Canadian Central Authorities for the Hague Convention
• International Child Abduction: A Guidebook for Left-Behind Parents
• Travelling with children
• The Hague Convention - Hague Conference on Private International Law
• Canadian embassies and consulates by destination
• Emergency Watch and Response Centre

Investments

If you plan on buying property or making other investments in Croatia, seek legal advice in Canada and in Croatia. Do so before making commitments. Related disputes could take time and be costly to resolve.

If you plan on travelling between countries that are not members of the European Union and Croatia, make sure you are aware of the rules and restrictions regarding the importation of certain items and merchandise such as tobacco.

Controlled goods - Customs administration of Croatia

Camping outside organized campsites and designated areas is illegal.

As a tourist or temporary resident, you can drive with a valid Canadian driver’s licence. You should carry an international driving permit.

Vehicles with foreign licence plates can operate in Croatia for up to 3 months after arrival. After 3 months, you must temporarily register in Croatia.

You must use daytime headlights from the last weekend in October until the last weekend in March. It’s also mandatory during episodes of fog and inclement weather. Winter tires are mandatory between 15 November and 15 April.

Motorists must wear a fluorescent vest when attending to a car breakdown along the road.

The “priority to the right” system is in effect in Croatia. Drivers must give way to vehicles approaching from the right at intersections, unless otherwise indicated.

This is often a surprise to foreign drivers and results in accidents.

Familiarize yourself with the “priority to the right” system.

Right turns at red lights are prohibited.

The country has a zero tolerance policy for drinking and driving for:

• professional drivers
• drivers under 24
• anyone involved in an accident
• Driving in Croatia - European Commission
• More about the International Driving Permit

Recreational skippers must have an International Certificate of Competence (ICC).

It’s also illegal to operate a boat under the influence of alcohol.

Boating in Croatia - Croatian Ministry of the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure

The currency of Croatia is the euro (EUR).

If you are carrying €10,000 or more, or the equivalent in other currencies, you must make a declaration to customs when you enter or leave the European Union. It includes sums in:

• banknotes and coins
• bearer negotiable instruments such as cheques, travellers’ cheques, promissory notes and money orders
• bonds, shares
• gold coins with a gold content of at least 90 %
• gold bars, nuggets or clumps with a gold content of at least 99.5 %
• any other convertible asset

This does not apply if you are travelling within the European Union or in transit to a non-EU country.

EU cash controls - European Commission

Seismic activity

Croatia is located in an active seismic zone. Even minor earthquakes can cause significant damage.

• Earthquakes - What to Do?
• Latest earthquakes @seizmo_hr - Seismological Survey

Forest and maquis fires may occur. The air quality in areas near active fires may deteriorate due to heavy smoke.

In case of a significant fire:

• stay away from affected areas, particularly if you suffer from respiratory ailments
• monitor local media for up-to-date information on the situation
• follow the advice of local authorities

Flooding and landslides

Heavy rains, particularly during spring and summer, can cause flooding and landslides. Roads may become impassable and infrastructure damaged.

• Exercise caution, particularly in areas around major rivers
• Stay informed of the latest regional weather forecasts
• Follow the advice of local authorities, including evacuation orders

Weather forecast and warnings - Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service

Local services

Dial 112 for emergency assistance.

Dial 1987 for roadside assistance.

 Consular assistance

For emergency consular assistance, call the Embassy of Canada to Croatia, in Zagreb, and follow the instructions. At any time, you may also contact the Emergency Watch and Response Centre in Ottawa.

The decision to travel is your choice and you are responsible for your personal safety abroad. We take the safety and security of Canadians abroad very seriously and provide credible and timely information in our Travel Advice to enable you to make well-informed decisions regarding your travel abroad.

The content on this page is provided for information only. While we make every effort to give you correct information, it is provided on an "as is" basis without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. The Government of Canada does not assume responsibility and will not be liable for any damages in connection to the information provided.

If you need consular assistance while abroad, we will make every effort to help you. However, there may be constraints that will limit the ability of the Government of Canada to provide services.

Learn more about consular services .

Risk Levels

  take normal security precautions.

Take similar precautions to those you would take in Canada.

  Exercise a high degree of caution

There are certain safety and security concerns or the situation could change quickly. Be very cautious at all times, monitor local media and follow the instructions of local authorities.

IMPORTANT: The two levels below are official Government of Canada Travel Advisories and are issued when the safety and security of Canadians travelling or living in the country or region may be at risk.

  Avoid non-essential travel

Your safety and security could be at risk. You should think about your need to travel to this country, territory or region based on family or business requirements, knowledge of or familiarity with the region, and other factors. If you are already there, think about whether you really need to be there. If you do not need to be there, you should think about leaving.

  Avoid all travel

You should not travel to this country, territory or region. Your personal safety and security are at great risk. If you are already there, you should think about leaving if it is safe to do so.

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Latest update

Exercise normal safety precautions in Croatia.

Croatia (PDF 322.8 KB)

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Local emergency contacts

Fire and rescue services, medical emergencies, advice levels.

• There's been an increase in bomb threats against public areas, such as shopping malls, government offices and schools. Monitor the media for developments and follow the advice of local authorities.
• Public protests and events that draw large groups of people can turn violent. Be careful if you attend soccer matches and avoid protests and demonstrations. 
• Avoid injuries. Don't jump off rocks and cliffs along the coast. Party boats and other venues, such as nightclubs, might have different safety standards than Australia.
• Earthquakes, floods and landslides can occur. Forest fires are common from June to September. Monitor the media for updates.

Full travel advice:  Safety

• Health care on the mainland is generally good. Services on the islands are limited. It can be expensive if you need to be evacuated. Make sure your travel insurance covers this.
• There are decompression chambers in Dubrovnik, Split, Rijeka and Pula.
• Take care in forests. Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) ('mouse fever'), Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis are risks. 
• West Nile virus can occur. There's no vaccine to prevent it. Use insect repellent. Make sure your accommodation is insect-proof.

Full travel advice:  Health

• Dual nationals are not automatically covered by the Croatian health insurance system or entitled to free access to health services through the Croatian Healthcare fund.
• Police issue on-the-spot fines for some minor offences. They may hold your passport if you challenge them or don't pay.
• In some popular tourist areas, it's prohibited to drink alcohol in public spaces, outside bars and restaurants. You could get an on-the-spot fine.
• Dress codes apply. Police may fine you if you're shirtless or wearing swimwear in towns with signs banning this. Disorderly and drunken behaviour is penalised.

Full travel advice:  Local laws

• You can enter  Croatia without a visa in some cases . In other situations, you'll need a visa.
• Temporary border checks have been introduced at Croatia's borders with Slovenia. You should allow extra time for crossing the land border between Croatia and Slovenia.
• The official currency of Croatia is the euro. 

Full travel advice:  Travel

Local contacts

• The  Consular Services Charter  details what we can and can't do to help you overseas.
• For consular assistance contact the  Australian Embassy  in Zagreb.
• To stay up to date with local information, follow the Embassy’s social media accounts.

Full travel advice:  Local contacts

Full advice

While there's been no recent terrorist attacks in Croatia, they can still happen.

There's been an increasing number of bomb threats against public areas, such as shopping malls , government offices and schools. Monitor the media for developments and follow the advice of local authorities.

In recent years, terrorists have staged attacks in European cities. Targets have included:

• public transport
• transport hubs
• public places popular with tourists

Security services have stopped some planned attacks.

To protect yourself from terrorism:

• be alert to possible threats in public places
• take care near possible terrorist targets
• monitor the media for updates
• take official warnings seriously
• follow the advice of local authorities

Report any suspicious behaviour or items to the police.

If there's an attack, leave the area as soon as it's safe. Avoid the affected area in case of secondary attacks.

Terrorism is a threat worldwide.

More information:

Petty crime, such as pickpocketing, is common. Take extra care:

• in busy tourist areas
• at bus and railway stations
• on public transport
• at the beach

Drink spiking can happen and may lead to theft and  sexual assault .

To protect yourself from crime:

• never accept food or drinks from strangers
• don't leave your food or drink unattended
• look after your belongings, particularly in crowds

Men's clubs in coastal centres have been known to overcharge tourists. They may threaten violence and use security guards to make you pay. Check prices before ordering.

Report incidents of extreme overcharging and related threats or violence to local police.

While violent crime is rare, isolated attacks may occur, including at sporting events.

Cyber security 

You may be at risk of cyber-based threats during overseas travel to any country. Digital identity theft is a growing concern. Your devices and personal data can be compromised, especially if you're connecting to Wi-Fi, using or connecting to shared or public computers, or to Bluetooth. 

Social media can also be risky in destinations where there are social or political tensions or laws that may seem unreasonable by Australian standards. Travellers have been arrested for things they have said on social media. Don't comment on local or political events on your social media. 

More information:   

• Cyber security when travelling overseas  

Civil unrest and political tension

Demonstrations and protests.

Public protests and events that draw large groups of people can turn violent. This includes sporting events. Be careful if you attend soccer matches.

To protect yourself during periods of unrest: 

• avoid protests and demonstrations
• Demonstrations and civil unrest

Adventure activities

Croatia is a popular party destination, but partying carries safety, legal and financial risks.

Accidents have occurred on party boats, resulting in serious injuries. The safety standards may be different to Australia. Nightclub fires, balcony collapses, and crowd crushes can occur.

Uniformed and plain-clothed police patrol music festivals in Croatia. Drug and other antisocial behaviour-related arrests are common.

Locals don't like rowdy and drunken behaviour in public places.

Being drunk or under the influence of drugs may void your travel insurance.

Dress codes apply in some popular tourist areas. Police may fine you if you're shirtless or wearing swimwear in towns with signs banning this.

• Partying safely

Cliff jumping

Jumping off rocks and cliffs into the sea along the coast of Croatia can cause injuries. Warning signs aren't always in place.

Many accidents occur in Split, Dubrovnik and in the Dalmatian Islands.

Your travel insurance may not cover you if you:

• engage in other dangerous activities
• were intoxicated, and this caused or contributed to an accident

Climate and natural disasters

Croatia experiences  natural disasters  and  severe weather .

The country is in an active  earthquake  zone.

Forest fires  are common in the dry, hot coastal areas and on the islands from June to September. Avoid affected areas.

Flooding can happen throughout the year, triggering landslides, and damaging buildings, roads and other infrastructure. This can disrupt road travel.

To protect yourself if there's a natural disaster or severe weather:

• secure your passport in a safe, waterproof place
• monitor media and other sources for updates
• keep in regular contact with friends and family

Safety barriers aren't always in place in some tourist areas. Care should be taken when walking on uneven, slippery surfaces, including old cobblestone streets.

Register with the  Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System  to receive alerts on major disasters.

Travel insurance

Get comprehensive  travel insurance  before you leave. 

Your policy needs to cover all overseas medical costs, including medical evacuation. The Australian Government won't pay for these costs.

If you can't afford travel insurance, you can't afford to travel. This applies to everyone, no matter how healthy and fit you are.

If you're not insured, you may have to pay many thousands of dollars up-front for medical care.

• what activities and care your policy covers
• your insurance covers you for the whole time you'll be away

Physical and mental health

Consider your physical and mental health before you travel, especially if you have an existing medical condition. 

See your doctor or travel clinic to:

• have a basic health check-up
• ask if your travel plans may affect your health
• plan any vaccinations you need

Do this at least 8 weeks before you leave.

If you have immediate concerns for your welfare or the welfare of another Australian, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on +61 2 6261 3305 or contact your  nearest Australian Embassy, High Commission or Consulate  to discuss counselling hotlines and services available in your location.

• General health advice
• Healthy holiday tips  (Healthdirect Australia)

Not all medication available over the counter or by prescription in Australia is available in other countries. Some may even be considered illegal or a controlled substance, even if prescribed by an Australian doctor.

There are limits on the types and amount of some medications you can take into Croatia. Standard medication can be imported in quantities needed for personal use for up to one month.

If you plan to bring medication, check with the Ministry of Finance Customs Administration .

Carry a letter from your doctor stating:

• what the medication is
• your required dosage
• that it's for personal use only

Health risks

Insect-borne diseases.

Tick-borne encephalitis  is a risk in forested areas.

Ticks are most common in country areas. They're active from spring to autumn.

Cases of  West Nile virus  have occurred in Croatia. There's no vaccine for it.

To protect yourself from illness:

• make sure your accommodation is insect-proof
• use insect repellent
• wear long, loose, light-coloured clothing

To reduce your risk of tick-borne disease:

• check your body for ticks during and after visiting forests
• remove ticks as soon as possible, making sure to remove the whole tick
• monitor the tick site for signs of infection

Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) , commonly known as 'mouse fever', is a risk in forested areas. It's caused by hantaviruses. Hantaviruses are carried and transmitted by rodents and are more common in warmer months.

To reduce the risk of mouse fever:

• avoid contact with rodents and their droppings
• avoid sitting or lying on the ground when in forests
• keep your food and drinks in closed containers
• don't drink from forest springs

Other health risks

• COVID-19  (Department of Health and Aged Care)

Medical care

Medical facilities.

The standard of health care on the mainland is generally good, but services on the islands are limited.

Public hospital facilities may not be to the same standard as Australian hospitals.

Private hospitals and clinics have facilities for some services but often cost more.

Dubrovnik, Split, Rijeka and Pula have decompression chambers.

If you're injured or become seriously ill on an island or remote area, you'll be evacuated to a regional centre for treatment. Medical evacuation can be very expensive.

Dual nationals are not automatically covered by the Croatian health insurance system or entitled to free access to health services through the Croatian Healthcare fund. Prior registration and monthly contributions/payments are required to gain access and coverage.

You're subject to all local laws and penalties, including those that may appear harsh by Australian standards. Research local laws before travelling.

If you're arrested or jailed, the Australian Government will do what it can to help you under our  Consular Services Charter . But we can't get you out of trouble or out of jail.

Possessing, using or trafficking illicit drugs is illegal.

If you're arrested for a drug offence, police may detain you while they investigate.

Penalties include imprisonment.

• Carrying or using drugs

On-the-spot fines

Police issue on-the-spot fines for some minor offences, including traffic violations. They may detain you and/or hold your passport if you:

• challenge the offence
• can't pay the fine

Property laws

Foreigners buying property have been involved in lengthy disputes about the validity of property titles. Seek independent legal advice before signing any contracts.

You must carry an ID, such as your passport, at all times.

You must register your stay in Croatia with the local police within 48 hours of arrival. If you're staying at a hotel or a tourist facility, the accommodation provider will register you.

Drinking alcohol in public areas, outside bars and restaurants, and in popular tourist areas such as Split and Dubrovnik is prohibited. 

Signs warning of prohibited behaviours, including drunken and disorderly behaviour, have been put up, and on-the-spot fines are issued. Dress codes apply. Police may fine you if you're shirtless or wearing swimwear in towns with signs banning this.

Court holidays

Court staff take holidays over the summer. If you're detained at that time, you may face delays in having your case processed. You may not be able to leave Croatia until the matter is finalised.

Australian laws

Some Australian criminal laws still apply when you're overseas. If you break these laws, you may face prosecution in Australia.

• Staying within the law and respecting customs

Dual citizenship

Croatia recognises dual nationality and treats dual nationals as Croatian citizens.

Military service for males is no longer compulsory. However, male Croatians, including dual nationals, must report to defence authorities to register their details. Failure to report is an offence.

Seek advice from an  embassy or consulate of Croatia  on the specific registration requirements before you travel.

If you're an Australian-Croatian dual national and intend to stay for over 3 months, you may need to provide evidence of your Croatian citizenship.

Dual nationals are not automatically covered by the Croatian health insurance system (see 'Health').

More information :

• Dual nationals

Local customs

Same-sex sexual activity is legal, but attitudes towards LGBTI travellers can vary, particularly outside tourist areas. Avoid public displays of affection.

•   Advice for LGBTI people

Visas and border measures

Every country or territory decides who can enter or leave through its borders. For specific information about the evidence you'll need to enter a foreign destination, check with the nearest embassy, consulate or immigration department of the destination you're entering. 

Croatia is a part of the Schengen Area.

Get a clear stamp on your passport when you enter  the Schengen Area  for the first time.

Entry and exit conditions can change at short notice. Contact the nearest  embassy or consulate of Croatia  for details about visas, currency, customs and quarantine rules.

More information

• Visas and entry requirements in Europe and the Schengen Area

Border with Slovenia

Temporary border checks have been introduced at Croatia's borders with Slovenia. You should allow extra time for crossing the land border between Croatia and Slovenia and be ready to show your passport or residency card if asked by the border police. Checks may also involve vehicle inspections. Border checks between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia remain in place.

You can enter Croatia without a visa in some cases. In other situations, you'll need to get a visa. 

Some countries won't let you enter unless your passport is valid for 6 months after you plan to leave that country. This can apply even if you're just transiting or stopping over.

Some foreign governments and airlines apply the rule inconsistently. Travellers can receive conflicting advice from different sources.

You can end up stranded if your passport is not valid for more than 6 months.

The Australian Government does not set these rules. Check your passport's expiry date before you travel. If you're not sure it'll be valid for long enough, consider getting  a new passport .

Lost or stolen passport

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TRID the TRIS and ITRD database

Population Mobility Trends and Road Traffic Safety in the Republic of Croatia Respecting the Covid-19 Pandemic

Early in the spring of 2020, the COVID-19 disease pandemic occurred, and European Union members made the decision to restrict their borders to protect the public's health. Demand for travel and transportation services has decreased as a result of the epidemiological scenario brought on by the movement restriction. The research focuses on how mobility affects traffic safety in the Republic of Croatia, considering the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, with the aim of limiting human movement and contact in order to safeguard human health. In this paper, relevant traffic indicators and their effects on road traffic safety are analysed with the aim of analysing the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on mobility and traffic safety. The study compares safety indicators during different time periods, including before, during, and after the removal of restrictions prompted by a pandemic. The research aims to assess the impact of the pandemic on traffic safety and mobility patterns, providing valuable insights for future planning practices that incorporate emerging knowledge. The research aims to promote pedestrian and bicycle traffic, reduce air pollution, and contribute to global initiatives aimed at achieving road safety goals. Moreover, it offers a potential solution to help achieve the European policy targets for road mobility and safety by 2030.

• Record URL: https://doi.org/10.31217/p.37.2.9
• Find a library where document is available. Order URL: http://worldcat.org/issn/13320718
• Abstract reprinted with permission from the Faculty of Maritime Studies of the University of Rijeka.
• Cvitković, Ivan

• Jugović, Tanja Poletan
• Kolanović, Ines
• Krpan, Ljudevit
• Publication Date: 2023-12-21
• Media Type: Web
• Features: Figures; References; Tables;
• Pagination: pp 271-281
• Pomorstvo, Scientific Journal of Maritime Research
• Issue Number: 2
• Publisher: University of Rijeka, Croatia
• ISSN: 1332-0718
• EISSN: 1846-8438
• Serial URL: http://hrcak.srce.hr/pomorstvo?lang=en

Open Access (libre)

Subject/Index Terms

• TRT Terms: COVID-19 ; Mobility ; Population ; Traffic safety ; Travel patterns ; Trend (Statistics)
• Geographic Terms: Croatia
• Subject Areas: Highways; Safety and Human Factors; Society;

Filing Info

• Accession Number: 01916845
• Record Type: Publication
• Files: TRIS
• Created Date: Apr 26 2024 9:01AM

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PERSPECTIVE article

Ethical implications of covid-19 management—is freedom a desired aim, or a desired means to an end.

• 1 School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
• 2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
• 3 Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Sveti Duh, Zagreb, Croatia
• 4 Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospital Sveti Duh, Zagreb, Croatia
• 5 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
• 6 University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, Zagreb, Croatia

Most developed societies managed, due to their prosperity and resource abundance, to structure relationships among free individuals in such a way to leave them fundamentally unstructured, according to the free market principle. As the pandemic illustrated well, this lack of structure when facing collective threats makes it impossible to collectively and proportionately assess and manage its implications and consequences. This may be particularly precarious when introducing comprehensive, monitoring and tracking, surveillance systems dependent on the vaccination status of the individual. If our previously shared aims were successfully and collectively enacted with the greatest of costs, is it permissible that the degree of personal freedom is a commodity, and everyone is a compulsory participant? The need to control one’s COVID-19 status allows the individual to become legally free from excessive enactment of sovereignty of the state. Should these rights be regulated by the free market?

Introduction

Testing, tracing, isolation and vaccination are critical disease transmission control measures. Among those, testing and vaccination are the ones that have most critically affected by our abilities to translate scientific knowledge into practice ( 1 ). However, testing availability, accuracy and utility remains limited, while vaccine effectiveness is burdened by possibility of ineffectiveness and timely distribution issues ( 2 ). In the acute COVID-19 pandemic setting, these limitations were one of main reasons behind the introduction of all-encompassing highly restrictive public health measures and their developing devastating consequences ( 3 ). In this scenario, everyone, weather voluntary or not, took their share of risks and rewards, based on a universal personal moral responsibility narrative ( 4 ). Societies struggled to tackle the immediate consequences emerging from the infectious threat creating a unique setting where rationing and prioritization of scarce health care resources were inevitable, and after the initial phase, shifting toward constraining or encouraging particular behaviors. Consequently, various guidelines were proposed trying to establish coherent (re)allocation of resources upholding basic ethical principles, such as justice, beneficence, non-maleficence and transparency. Although of greatest importance in pre-pandemic circumstances, the principle of autonomy (weather those of person in need or caregivers) is at greatest risk during this pandemic. Weather rightful or not, prioritization strategies occurring in the acute COVID-19 setting mirrored utilitarian principles, while the most beneficial aims of maximization were relatively easy to define and empirically measure – saving lives ( 4 , 5 ). After four pandemic waves, there is a continuing need to be aware of a present infectious threat, and uphold some of the measures previously applied.

Underlying principles and strategies informing these processes should, at least in theory, reflect the societies’ most fundamental, valuable and worthy ethical principles. In turn, the main ethical issues during chronic pandemic management relate to a current and uneasy reexamination of the most fundamental values and principles within our society. It is by now painfully obvious that there are not many things that most of global societies could unanimously agree on, even the importance of fundamental human rights, personal autonomy and personal possession being in peril.

Perspective

Human rights are about being free from any kind of coercion and being entitled to achieve one’s own desired life goals. In that sense, the need to constantly monitor one’s COVID-19 status impacts not only the ability to achieve future goals in life, but also the possibility of the individual to become legally free from the sovereignty of the state. As such, it has far-reaching direct and indirect consequences for the individual and society. Should these rights be regulated by the free market or should the state make unprecedented intervention once again and undermine the fundamental pillars of free market, this time erring on the side of freedom? The answer to this question is not easy, but it has to do a lot on what do we consider as most fundamental values, and finally, on how we perceive our freedom; as a desired aim, or a desired means to an end.

Most developed societies managed, due to their prosperity and resource abundance, to structure relationships among free individuals in such a way to leave them fundamentally unstructured, according to the free market principle. However, as the pandemic illustrated well, this lack of structure when facing collective threats makes it impossible to collectively and proportionately assess and manage its implications and consequences. Even if nearly everyone agrees that the threat is genuinely serious, many might have a substantially different idea of what survival, individually and collectively, actually means. In that sense, some people are actually more endangered by the infection, and some by the responses applied, especially when vulnerable populations are concerned. It is now clear that the impact of COVID-19 has led to higher infection and mortality rates in older adults and premorbid individuals, people with lower income and immunocompromised status, predisposing these groups to higher risk than the rest of the population ( 6 , 7 ). Due to this increase of risk, erring on the side of security versus human rights can appear justified, but it nonetheless represents an unprecedented, and supposedly temporary intrusion of the state into the citizens’ lives and rights ( 6 ).

However, data from the last four years have shown that the COVID-19 pandemic and the responses to it have worsened health care access disparity, increased health communication challenges, worsened mental health and wellbeing, led to profound social and economic consequences and vaccination inequities ( 7 ).

If our previously shared aims to protect from unknown harm were successfully and collectively enacted with the greatest of costs, is it permissible that parameters of personal freedom are altered in a situation where everyone is a compulsory participant?

This may be particularly precarious when introducing comprehensive, monitoring and tracking, surveillance systems dependent on the vaccination status of the individual ( 6 ). Published literature on non-pharmaceutical interventions’ (NPI) impact show that respiratory hygiene had the highest compliance, above 41% whereas hand hygiene showed the lowest (4%), with significant differences between gender and place of residence (large cities versus regional cities) ( 7 – 9 ). Monitoring the results of inter-city traffic controls, restrictions of personal movement, along with self-isolation has shown a drop in measles (90%) and scarlet fever (95%) infection rates. The effect was less obvious, but noticeable in tuberculosis (19.6%), pertussis (76.5%), influenza (22%), and mumps (52.1%) infection rates in China, measured at usual peak incidence periods of the year. At the same time, seasonal peaks in the incidence of these respiratory infectious diseases disappeared in 2020 and 2021 ( 7 ). On the other hand, during the past two years of returning to normal, we witnessed an increase in the number of patients infected with common respiratory viruses, including RSV and human parainfluenza viruses that develop more severe diseases. A reduction of exposure to infectious agents resulting due to NPIs may have led to a less potent trained immunity in children, and a drop in heterologous protection against infections resulting in greater overall susceptibility to infections in the future ( 8 , 9 ).

An acutely threatening COVID-19 setting triggered urgent, basic survival-oriented collective responses, enacted mostly through public institutions. Such responses were, and still are, guided predominantly by a utilitarian logic which allows maximization of benefits and relatively quick recalibration of responses in accordance to a rapidly changing context in a scenario where immunity within the population is low and pharmaceutical interventions are absent, which is representative of a typical situation during the (re-)emergence of infectious diseases for which therapeutic drugs or vaccines are not yet available ( 10 ). Since no single NPI is effective in controlling COVID-19 spread, curfews, lockdowns, as well as restricting locations for public gatherings, were the most effective NPIs reported in large studies ( 10 , 11 ). Other studies have also assessed the efficacy of different NPIs related to case identification, environmental measures, healthcare, public health capacity, resource allocation, risk communication, social distancing, travel restriction, and returning to normal life, demonstrating that risk communication had the greatest impact on the population, especially highlighting the importance of efficient communication during a crisis ( 11 , 12 ). Risk communication addressed and educated the population on hazards, exposures, vulnerability and disease control, showing that psychology-driven positive and negative feedbacks generate opposing behavior in large populations. The responses and scale of communication were also characterized by an unprecedented intrusion of the state in almost all social structures, followed by a growing backlash of citizens whose livelihood and basic freedoms are often curtailed temporarily, or permanently. However unprecedented, these interventions seemed necessary as the fundamental role of the state is to protect its citizens. The portfolio of initial interventions relied on environmental health and risk information quality, that were considered to plan primary non-coercive interventions at the population scale. The systemic evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions based on this experience is valuable for public health authorities to develop preparedness plans timely, evaluate interventions over time, and design policies to decrease population vulnerabilities in long term, culminating with the arrival of an effective vaccine ( 12 , 13 ). Introduction of massive tracing, identification and quarantine strategies implied that the effectiveness for this intervention is without dispute, but was not seen in Japan, while present for other countries, such as USA and Italy. Case identification and contact tracing effectiveness was negative for European countries with elevated incidence such as France and Germany, as well as Asian countries such as India and South Korea, but the latter, after being praised as a great example of successful contact tracing was hit by a second pandemic wave that eliminated effective tracing ( 10 – 12 ).

As soon as the proposed vaccination rate had been identified in a certain society, immediate actions were taken by the lawmakers and health policy makers to enable, promote and ensure complete vaccination and, hopefully, disease control. However, after an initial upsurge of optimism and collective euphoria, a significant percentage of citizens chose not to vaccinate themselves and their underage children, due to heterogeneous issues, but still making a presumed 85% population vaccination rate hard to achieve. This was met by public vaccination campaigns and indirect forms of promoting vaccination, such as “covid-passports” and obligatory testing for all citizens using public institutions, and even by obligatory vaccination policies in some countries ( 7 , 13 ). In order to ensure a core governance model acceptable to the public while establishing a private-public vaccination program, the guiding principles should be as simple as possible, transparent, and acceptable to all partners. The five key governance structures proposed in a successful vaccination program should involve a decision-maker or steering committee, a scientific committee, quality control and audit committee, implementer and a financial administrator, all subject to transparent decision-making rules and conflict of interest management to ensure maximum public trust ( 14 ).

It is clear that human behavior based on trust in authority plays an important role on the efforts to control the transmission of COVID-19, since the effectiveness of mitigation measures depends on NPI compliance and vaccine acceptance. Specifically, humans adopt protective behavior when social distancing measures are in effect, typically concurrent with a high number of infections, and thereafter reduce protective behavior when vaccination coverage is high or when mandated contact reduction measures are relaxed, typically concurrent with a reduction of infections ( 15 ).

These changes in behavior revealed and magnified pre-existing inequities and inequalities within the society as well as their profound and devastating consequences, for certain individuals and society as a whole. Here it is useful to invoke the metaphor used by Jock Young of “ actuarial cordon sanitaire ” one which separates the worlds of losers from that of the winners. Indeed, it seems that infective threat and our responses to it cumulatively contributed to such a separation. It is evident that many of these inequalities and inequities as well as their consequences must be discussed publicly, including the scientific community, but that the general public is also very keen on involving themselves in the scientific debate, causing further chaos, with mainstream and social media acting as catalysts ( 16 ). Nonetheless, general consensus and understanding on how we should proceed with pandemic management is crucial in ending this war of attrition between the state and the individual.

Both at legal and ethical levels, decision-making in public health during a pandemic should respect the non-derogable guidelines of fundamental human rights. However, the collision of fundamental rights represents a significant problem for government and healthcare management due to extension of the acceptable exercise of freedom rights in times of a pandemic ( 17 , 18 ). Therefore, the pandemic has highlighted the impossibility to raise morality to the level of universality, creating an essential distinction between the subject of morality and the object of morality. Freedom is the possibility to be morally responsible of one’s acts. Unfree individuals are neither members nor active subjects of the moral sphere, since they have no moral relationships.

The contemporary debate on freedom in a case of a threat to human survival reflects a great expansion of our moral sphere. However, moral agents within this expanding moral sphere are equal only in principle. If anything, the pandemic has shown that freedom is obviously a matter of degree. This can be well illustrated in quite obvious fact that those parts of society that generally have less freedom are the ones that are most willing to fight for it. It is easy to bring to mind the riots or protests against COVID-19 related restrictions that are being silenced by those that are just above in the freedom chain. Freedom gradients is what keeps societies, as current order of things and beings, together.

When discussing those issues, it is useful to evoke a distinction between absolute and relative ethics, or as Erich Fromm formulated, universal and socially immanent ethics. Universal ethics aims regulating or supporting “growth and unfolding” of humans. On the other hand, socially immanent ethics constructs specific norms necessary for the functioning and survival of specific kind of society. In an acutely threatening setting, such as one created by SARS-CoV-2, it became evident that socially immanent ethics are primary in pandemic management, as survival depends on it ( 8 , 9 ). However, socially immanent ethics, driven predominantly by immediate context, creates norms that are specific to certain groups, while significantly differing among different societies. Ethical dilemmas were aggravated during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in moral distress and eventually illness and job resignation. Compromising care due to structural constraints indicate the negative consequences of such unresolved dilemmas at the health system level and the inherent risk for patients’ health and wellbeing ( 18 ). In order to tackle the ethical dilemmas while maintaining effective pandemic management, several key areas need to be discussed; the identification and acceptance of human vulnerability; the discovery of positive paradigms in traumatic situations in society; the prevalence of the common good over the particular interest, as the core structure of any society. Healthcare benevolence is a necessary dimension of health care contrasted with global vulnerability, forming a new ethical landscape that ensures a humanistic curriculum in the training of all healthcare professionals ( 19 , 20 ).

When discussing shared decision making, a management paradigm empowering patients as partners is necessary. The pandemic has altered healthcare delivery, but prompted re-evaluation of common practices and enhance effectiveness of management strategies. Navigating the uncertainty of subsequent pandemic waves creates confusion about how to safely recalibrate clinical service ( 20 , 21 ). In general, patient participation has focused on short-term outcomes such as patient satisfaction, short-term clinical outcomes, or decisional conflict. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has elevated public participation in decision-making processes to a broader interactional/adaptable and organizational framework, where the public may contribute to a trade-off benefits versus harms and assess their burdens–in short, to new social norms in the public health and clinical setting ( 21 , 22 ).

Where the international judicial system was concerned with pandemic management, it clearly shows that fundamental rights are essentially relative in the sense that there is no fundamental right, based on a principle, of absolute nature ( 19 ). When two principles collide, e.g., the principle of individual liberty and the principle of public health, deciding must be in favor of the fairest decision to take. The right to health in the context of the current pandemic must prevail over the right to unrestricted liberty of movement of people, because the health right in this pandemic carries more legal and moral weight than the liberty exercise with some necessary restrictions, considering also that the liberty exercise can never be without any restriction, for the common good of all people, creating a necessary legal norm ( 19 , 20 ).

Norms necessary for survival are in conflict with universal norms that are necessary for full growth and development. The conflict between these two ethics has been lowered thought the process of evolution, but it will exist as long as interests of societies are not equal to interest of all its members.

Historically conditioned social necessities are being confronted with the existential need of individuals. Norms are always imposed through power and commercial interest. This plays out in such a way that societal institutions promote the interest of those groups whose bargaining power is so great that they can negotiate new rules and have power over their interpretation ( 22 , 23 ). The ongoing strife between the need to enforce safety and safeguard freedom severely impacts the tendency to represent society without fundamental ethical contradictions. In addition, the discussion raises important questions on whether these norms are equally binding to all members of society.

Modern societies do not show a growing trend toward universal moral norms, but rather toward privatization, erosion of the state’s role in economic redistribution, and political abandonment of the state as a tool of major social transformation aimed at rectifying injustices and improving lives, exactly contrasting the major issues to improve public policy during the pandemic ( 23 , 24 ). The increase of freedom can also be viewed as a circumscribed role of the state – apparent in governmental failures in creating comprehensive national platforms of non-pharmaceutical interventions and a heavy reliance on the private sector for functions ranging from public policy development to vaccine distribution ( 24 ). The model of public health research reliant on scientific investigation only has sidelined social needs and separated researchers and those working in public agencies. This approach often leaves public health officials in a weak position: left to rely on diplomacy, rather than law, to encourage action ( 24 ).

Our position in the freedom chain may well depend on, “rhetorical strategies of persuasion, and nothing else, as the bases for human moral codes.” ( 23 , 24 ) Power, interest and corresponding privilege creates blind spots, as those agents with power to define freedom do not recognize their own privileges and tend to deny the resulting advantages. Every individual must be wary of the inherent tendency of the powerful to conserve the existing status quo that provides privilege, and especially so when faced with threats to it.

Author’s note

This manuscript was assembled based on professional, academic and research opinions by specialists in public health, each from their own perspective; HF is a young medical doctor and researcher interested in scientific work, BZ is a military leader and public health manager. LS is a cardiac-surgeon with a MHA in health leadership, AK and MĆ are a well-versed duo of a psychiatrist and bioethicist and a head and neck surgeon and deontologist with a number of papers published on COVID-19, and are the guarantors of the article.

Data availability statement

The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.

Author contributions

AK: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. FH: Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. BZ: Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. LS: Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. MĆ: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing.

The author(s) declare that no financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Publisher’s note

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

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Keywords: ethics, COVID-19, vaccination, freedom, management

Citation: Košec A, Hergešić F, Zdilar B, Svetina L and Ćurković M (2024) Ethical implications of COVID-19 management—is freedom a desired aim, or a desired means to an end? Front. Public Health . 12:1377543. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1377543

Received: 27 January 2024; Accepted: 12 April 2024; Published: 26 April 2024.

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Copyright © 2024 Košec, Hergešić, Zdilar, Svetina and Ćurković. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

*Correspondence: Andro Košec, [email protected]

† ORCID: Andro Košec, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7864-2060 Filip Hergešić, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7053-0582 Lucija Svetina, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1242-3575 Marko Ćurković, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4855-2133

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