business tourism and hospitality

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Bachelor of Science in Business Management: Hospitality and Tourism

Designed to prepare you for a career in the hospitality and tourism industry, you’ll learn the business basics while developing skills and knowledge in various hospitality sectors including customer service, revenue management, restaurant design, menu engineering, venue management, and itinerary creation.

What You'll Learn

You’ll learn the essential business principles — such as business applications, law, human resources, and marketing — but also gain a global perspective, emphasizing the creative decision-making techniques needed to succeed in the hospitality and tourism industry whether you plan to stay nearby or travel the globe. With the foundational knowledge of hospitality and tourism operations and experiences, and you will develop the leadershipy to successfully operate a hospitality and tourism organization. You will be able to formulate business decisions in hospitality and tourism management, and you develop the leadership principles necessary to be a beacon in the diverse and global hospitality and tourism industry.

Blaze Your Path

I love the Business Management Hospitality and Tourism program because I am learning from faculty who are true leaders in the field. As I approach graduation, I feel confident that I have the education, experience, and leadership skills that I need to succeed.

— Helen Chinn

What I love about Business Management on the hospitality track is that you learn so much about how to run a restaurant, execute an event, or even manage a stadium. When I had to create my own restaurant for restaurant management, I had to design my own menus and create floor plans for my restaurant.

— Dylan Hunter

Sample Courses

Event management.

This course views the methods of organizing various events. Preparing for events such as  conventions, ceremonies, shows, sporting events, and other small to large events. Areas of event planning that will be discussed are security, organization of the site, personnel, communications, and creativity

Tourism Management

Tourism is a dynamic field where business, government, and society intersect. This course explores the major concepts in tourism such as what makes tourism possible and how it can affect the economy of a nation or region. This course will provide an overview of the principles, practices, and philosophies that can affect the cultural, social, economic, psychological, and marketing aspects of the travel and tourism industry.

Restaurant Management

Principles of current food and beverage management are presented. Topic areas include management and leadership, communications, and working with the restaurant industry whether it is a chain or privately owned. Students will apply these concepts during college-wide events.

Hotel Management

This course is an overview of managing in the lodging industry. Students will explore various careers available in the hotel industry. Topics include management and leadership, communications, working with management companies, and ethics within the industry.

Hospitality Information Systems

An introduction to the use and application of information systems in the hospitality field. Students will run reports related to the industry and make decisions from the reports. Students will examine reports in areas such as forecasting, inventory, reservations, personnel, and scheduling.

Hospitality Law

A review of the laws and regulations that govern the hospitality field is presented. Students are exposed to laws that relate to employment and civil rights. Other laws include liabilities in the lodging and food industries. Contracts and various legal forms will also be presented.

Field Experience and Internships

Business Management, Hospitality, and Tourism majors are required are required to complete 80 hours of experiential learning and  internships . The knowledge, skills, and experience you gain — in the classroom and through internships — will boost your resume and your confidence with real-world work experience. Recent internship experiences at Disney World, Marriott Hotel Palm Beach, and Old Faithful Upper Yellowstone National Park.

Experiential Learning

Offering directed excursions for academic majors, the experiential learning trips include itineraries that are geared toward specific degree programs, like the Business Management Hospitality and Tourism program’s Royal Caribbean cruise. The focus is out-of-the-classroom learning related to a specific degree program. Any enrolled Beacon student may apply with priority to degree-specific students. Costs vary depending on location.

Career Opportunities

Students with a B.S. in Business Management Hospitality and Tourism can immediately begin working in the field or continue to graduate school for advanced study.

• Hotel manager
• Restaurant manager
• Event management
• Resort management
• Convention event management
• Club manager
• Front office clerk
• Night auditor
• Food and beverage director
• Tour director
• Cruise director

Meet Your Instructors

Dr.  teri hunter.

Assistant Professor

Meet Your General Education Instructors

Dr.  kevin chandler.

Associate Professor

Cathy Vinton

Jodi livingston, tiffany calderara, autumn welt, dr.  mary-anne primack, dr.  patricia konovalov, dr.  nancy wood, hospitality minor.

A minor in Business Management Hospitality and Tourism provides students with the groundwork for incorporating business skills into various organizations through knowledge of hospitality basics such as events, hotels, and restaurant management. The minor is an excellent complement to a degree in CIS Web and Digital Media , Humanities , or Human Services .

Learn More About Business Management Hospitality and Tourism

To schedule a visit, please contact our admissions team at [email protected] , or call 352-638-9731 or 855-220-5376 (toll-free).

What is business tourism and why is it so big?

Disclaimer: Some posts on Tourism Teacher may contain affiliate links. If you appreciate this content, you can show your support by making a purchase through these links or by buying me a coffee . Thank you for your support!

In 2017, the world travel and tourism industry contributed more than $10 trillion dollars to the global economy. Of this amount, business tourism contributed a significant proportion, with a total of $1.23 trillion dollars.

Modern society transportation and infrastructure systems continue to revolutionise and therefore business tourism has the means to provide greater economic power than it has previously.

In this post, I will focus on the growing tourism industry of ‘business tourism’. I will explain what business tourism is, why business tourism is part of the tourism industry and provide a few examples of where business tourism takes place.

What is business tourism?

Definitions of business tourism, why is business tourism important, international exhibitors, corporate hospitality events, conferences, leisure time activities, benefits of business tourism, top business tourism destinations, business tourism in hong kong, business tourism in london, business tourism in new york, business tourism in toronto, business tourism in san francisco, business tourism: a conclusion, further reading.

Business tourism, or business travel, is essentially a form of travel which involves undertaking business activities that are based away from home.

The  United Nations World Tourism Organization  (UNWTO) defines tourists as people ‘traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes’, thus making business an important and integral sector of the tourism economy.

Business tourism activities includes attending meetings, congresses, exhibitions, incentive travel and corporate hospitality.

Academically, there isn’t a huge amount of literature on the characterisation of ‘business tourism’ or ‘business travel’. However, to quote from Davidson (1994) ‘Business tourism is concerned with people travelling for purposes which are related to their work.’

Business tourism represents one of the oldest forms of tourism, man having travelled for the purpose of travel since very early times” (cited in Bathia, 2006, p.272). To elaborate, business tourism is a means of travel that takes place for the primarily importance of a work-related activity.

Often the term ‘business tourism’ is described as ‘business traveller/travellers’.

There is a strong and correlative relation amongst a country’s economy and business tourism.

Business travellers are less cost sensitive on their expenditure as they themselves generally devote only a fraction of the cost. Research has shown that business travellers spend up to four times more during their trip than any other types of tourists . In fact, early research by Davidson and Cope , discovered that the ratio of daily expenditure by business travellers to that of leisure is generally situated somewhat between 2:1 and 3:1.

Therefore, business tourism provides significant economic contributions to the local and global economy. Business tourism also promotes the development for advanced infrastructure and transportation systems which also benefits other forms of tourism as well as the local population .

Business tourism also supports the hospitality industry, i.e. hotel bookings and restaurant bookings. This form of tourism also supports leisure tourism as business travellers tend to combine both activities together. This is referred as ‘bleisure tourism’, the combination of ‘business’ and ‘leisure’.

Business tourism activities

There are many forms of business tourism activities. Here I have demonstrated four key examples.

Business travellers may travel for the purpose of attending an exhibition. Exhibitions offer opportunities for businesses to connect with the international industry community. The exhibition industry entices two groups of people: those with something to sell and those who attend with a view to making a purchase of getting information.

Exhibitions come in all shapes and sizes depending on a person’s area of interest or work. As I have an interest in tourism I have attended a number of relevant travel exhibitions in recent years including ITB in Berlin and The World Travel Market in the UK.

Throughout many business excursions, the business traveller will have some form of meeting to attend during the course of their trip. Meetings may be appointments with clients; a board meeting at the present company or interstate of international branches; or an orientation meeting with staff at a new branch. Meetings can take place face-to-face or electronically using means such as Skype or FaceTime.

Corporate hospitality is a form of business travel that takes place when a corporation invites their guests to attend an event or an organised activity at no extra charge.

Corporate hospitality is a valuable tool used by corporations to foster relations, both internal and external to the company or to brand in influential circles. The extent to which corporate hospitality can yield tangible and intangible benefits is covered really well in the bestselling business book from award-winning restauranteur Danny Meyer, of Union Square Cafe, Gramercy Tavern, and Shake Shack entitled Setting the Table: The Transforming Power of Hospitality in Business .

A conference is a formal meeting of people with a shared interest. Conferences may last a day or they may last several days.

Conferences are common across a number of industries. Having worked in academia for a number of years, I have attended and presented at many conferences such as the ICOT conference in Thailand in 2017 and the International Conference on Sustainable Tourism in Nepal in 2018. I even won the three minute thesis competition at a PhD conference that I attended at the University of Staffordshire!

There are also many conferences and get togethers for travel bloggers that I am interested, such as TBEX , Traverse and Travel Massive .

Often in the business tourism literature you will come across the term MICE. MICE is a reference for Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Events. The term MICE has been recognised as ‘The Meeting Industry’ according to the United Nations World Tourism Organisation .

The MICE industry contributes significantly to the wider business tourism sector. It is becoming increasingly recognised as a prominent part of the industry and is beginning to receive growing attention amongst the academic community. You can read a detailed article about MICE tourism here.

Along with the examples demonstrated above, business travellers also participate in leisure activities outside of their business commitments. These activities could range from dining out, sightseeing and other recreational activities. When I attended a conference in Nepal in 2017, for example, I took my mother in law and daughter along for the conference gala dinner where we took part in traditional Nepalese evening celebrations!

There are many benefits of business tourism. Notably, it brings economic value to the wider tourism industry as well as the local economy, for example through hotel bookings or sales of business travel backpacks . What many people forget to mention, however, are the benefits that business tourism can also have for the tourist!

I have travelled many times for business, whether this as part of my former Cabin Crew career, for an academic conference or to undertake consultancy work. Travelling frequently for work can yield many benefits for the individual, such as;

• Collecting frequent flier miles and redeeming these for personal use
• Becoming a member of hotel loyalty programmes and receiving associated benefits during both work and personal trips
• Saving money on things such as food and drink when attending corporate hospitality events
• Enhanced networking opportunities that may otherwise be inaccessible
• Taking advantage of leisure opportunities that may be otherwise inaccessible
• Enjoying the use of facilities, such as gyms or swimming pools, that may not otherwise be available to you

Business tourism destinations

There are a variety of business tourism destinations all across the world. However, this type of tourism is predominantly situated in global north countries. This is mainly because global north countries are developed countries and have the means to provide well equipped resources and infrastructure to makes business tourism easily accessible and thus desirable choices among business travellers.

According to Egencia , the corporate travel group collected data from flight booking and reservations during the years 2014 and 2018. Their collection of data led them to discover the top 20 destinations for global business tourism.

Following the list above, I have listed a set of examples of business tourism that are listed within the top ten destinations for global business tourism/travel.

Hong Kong ranks 8 th in the world for global business tourism and has been deemed one of Asia’s top choice for business travel. According to CTM , Central and Tsim Sha Tsui are the most popular commercial areas for business travel, with several hotels and business headquarters.

Hong Kong is the perfect destination for MICE (meetings, incentives, conferences and events) and in 2014, this form of tourism accounted for 1.82 million visitors.

There are around 283 hotels in Hong Kong.

There are a variety of things to do in Hong Kong during a business trip of the traveller is wanting to blend business and leisure together. A list of things to do are:

• Victoria Peak
• Tian Tan Buddha
• Victoria Harbour The Peak Tram

London ranks 2 nd in the world for global business tourism. London is the financial capital of the world and with this status comes several high-profile companies and is thought to be one of the best places to network and seek new business opportunities. This is why so many business tourists visit London for conferences, meetings and exhibitions.

London has around 1500 hotels.

There are a variety of things to do in London during a business trip of the traveller is wanting to blend business and leisure together. A list of things to do are:

• Buckingham Palace
• Coco Cola London Eye
• The British Museum
• Palace of Westminster

In 2019, New York was named the world’s top destination for business tourism for the fourth consecutive year. At no surprise when business travel flight bookings increased by more than 120% between 2014 and 2018.

New York is also a popular destination for business tourism as it offers a great deal of leisure activities and promotes the idea of blending business with leisure travel.

There are a variety of things to do in New York during a business trip of the traveller is wanting to blend business and leisure together. A list of things to do are:

• Statue of Liberty National Monument
• Central Park
• Empire State Building
• The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Toronto has been ranked the 5 th destination for global business tourism, outranking major commercial centres in the U.S.

Toronto (pronounced as “Traw-no” by the locals), is the financial capital of Canada. And according to Business Events, Toronto is the top Canadian domestic travel destination and the most popular choice for U.S sponsored association meetings outside the U.S.

In Toronto there are over 170 hotels which collectively has around 36,000 hotel rooms.

There are a variety of things to do in Toronto during a business trip of the traveller is wanting to blend business and leisure together. A list of things to do are:

• Royal Ontario Museum Art Gallery of Ontario

San Francisco has been ranked 7 th in the world for global business tourism.  According to The San Francisco Travel Association , San Francisco welcomed 18.9 million leisure visitors and 5.8 million business travellers in 2015.

According to Joe D’Alessandro, president and CEO of San Francisco Travel, San Francisco is “experiencing sustained growth in all market segments – domestic, international, leisure and business – as a result of our highly professional and sophisticated community of hotels, restaurants, cultural organizations and SFO, one of the finest airports in the world.” 

There are a variety of things to do in San Francisco during a business trip of the traveller is wanting to blend business and leisure together. A list of things to do are:

• Fisherman’s Wharf
• Golden Gate Bridge
• Golden Gate Park

Where business exists, the demand for business travel follows. Business tourism is predominantly located where good transportation systems are allocated, i.e. airports, taxis, railways. The choices of hotels and restaurants also attracts business travel.

Do you travel for business? What things do you look out for on your business trip? Are you a lover of combining business and leisure activities? Leave a comment below.

Like this post? For more on different types of tourism, I’d suggest reading my tourism glossary !

• Setting the Table: The Transforming Power of Hospitality in Business – The bestselling business book from award-winning restauranteur Danny Meyer, of Union Square Cafe, Gramercy Tavern, and Shake Shack
• Event Planning: The Ultimate Guide To Successful Meetings, Corporate Events, Fundraising Galas, Conferences, Conventions, Incentives and Other Special Events – An academic text focussing on MICE in the events industry
• The Business of Tourism – A introductory text to the tourism industry

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The magazine of Glion Institute of Higher Education

• What is tourism and hospitality?

Tourism and hospitality are thriving industries encompassing many sectors, including hotels, restaurants, travel, events, and entertainment.

It’s an exciting and dynamic area, constantly evolving and adapting to changing customer demands and trends.

The tourism and hospitality industry offers a diverse range of career opportunities that cater to various interests, skills, and qualifications, with positions available from entry-level to executive management.

The booming tourism  and hospitality industry also offers job security and career growth potential in many hospitality-related occupations.

What is tourism?

Tourism is traveling for leisure, pleasure, or business purposes and visiting various destinations, such as cities, countries, natural attractions, historical sites, and cultural events, to experience new cultures, activities, and environments.

Tourism can take many forms, including domestic, or traveling within your country, and international tourism, or visiting foreign countries.

It can also involve sightseeing, adventure tourism , eco-tourism, cultural tourism, and business tourism, and it’s a huge contributor to the global economy, generating jobs and income in many countries.

It involves many businesses, including airlines, hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, tour operators, and transportation companies.

What is hospitality?

Hospitality includes a range of businesses, such as hotels, restaurants, bars, resorts, cruise ships, theme parks, and other service-oriented businesses that provide accommodations, food, and beverages.

Hospitality is all about creating a welcoming and comfortable environment for guests and meeting their needs.

Quality hospitality means providing excellent customer service, anticipating guests’ needs, and ensuring comfort and satisfaction. The hospitality industry is essential to tourism as both industries often work closely together.

What is the difference between tourism and hospitality?

Hospitality and tourism are both related and separate industries. For instance, airline travel is considered as part of both the tourism and hospitality industries.

Hospitality is a component of the tourism industry, as it provides services and amenities to tourists. However, tourism is a broader industry encompassing various sectors, including transportation, accommodation, and attractions.

Transform your outlook for a successful career as a leader in hospitality management

This inspiring Bachelor’s in hospitality management gives you the knowledge, skills, and practical experience to take charge and run a business

Is tourism and hospitality a good career choice?

So, why work in hospitality and tourism? The tourism and hospitality industry is one of the fastest-growing industries in the world, providing a colossal number of job opportunities.

Between 2021 and 2031, employment in the hospitality and tourism industry is projected to expand faster than any other job sector, creating about 1.3 million new positions .

A tourism and hospitality career  can be a highly rewarding choice for anyone who enjoys working with people, has a strong service-oriented mindset, and is looking for a dynamic and exciting career with growth potential.

Growth and job opportunities in tourism and hospitality

Tourism and hospitality offers significant growth and job opportunities worldwide. The industry’s increasing demand for personnel contributes to economic and employment growth, particularly in developing countries.

The industry employs millions globally, from entry-level to high-level management positions, including hotel managers, chefs, tour operators, travel agents, and executives.

It provides diverse opportunities with great career progression and skill development potential.

Career paths in tourism and hospitality

There are many career opportunities in tourism management and hospitality. With a degree in hospitality management, as well as relevant experience, you can pursue satisfying and fulfilling hospitality and tourism careers in these fields.

Hotel manager

Hotel managers oversee hotel operations. They manage staff, supervise customer service, and ensure the facility runs smoothly.

Tour manager

Tour managers organize and lead group tours. They work for tour companies, travel agencies, or independently. Tour managers coordinate a group’s transportation, accommodations, and activities, ensuring the trip runs to schedule.

Restaurant manager

Restaurant managers supervise the daily operations of a restaurant. They manage staff, ensure the kitchen runs smoothly, and monitor customer service.

Resort manager

Resort managers supervise and manage the operations of a resort. From managing staff to overseeing customer service, they ensure the entire operation delivers excellence.

Entertainment manager

Entertainment managers organize and oversee entertainment at venues like hotels or resorts. They book performers, oversee sound and lighting, and ensure guests have a great experience.

Event planner

Event planners organize and coordinate events, such as weddings, conferences, and trade shows. They work for event planning companies, hotels, or independently.

vent planners coordinate all aspects of the event, from the venue to catering and decor.

Travel consultant

Travel consultants help customers plan and book travel arrangements, such as flights, hotels, and rental cars. They work for travel agencies or independently. Travel consultants must know travel destinations and provide superb customer service.

What skills and qualifications are needed for a career in tourism and hospitality?

Tourism and hospitality are rewarding industries with growing job opportunities. Necessary qualifications include excellent skills in communication, customer service, leadership, problem-solving, and organization along with relevant education and training.

Essential skills for success in tourism and hospitality

A career in the tourism and hospitality industry requires a combination of soft and technical skills and relevant qualifications. Here are some of the essential key skills needed for a successful career.

• Communication skills : Effective communication is necessary for the tourism and hospitality industry in dealing with all kinds of people.
• Customer service : Providing excellent customer service is critical to the success of any tourism or hospitality business . This requires patience, empathy, and the ability to meet customers’ needs.
• Flexibility and adaptability : The industry is constantly changing, and employees must be able to adapt to new situations, be flexible with their work schedules, and handle unexpected events.
• Time management : Time management is crucial to ensure guest satisfaction and smooth operations.
• Cultural awareness : Understanding and respecting cultural differences is essential in the tourism and hospitality industry, as you’ll interact with people from different cultures.
• Teamwork : Working collaboratively with colleagues is essential, as employees must work together to ensure guests have a positive experience.
• Problem-solving : Inevitably, problems will arise, and employees must be able to identify, analyze, and resolve them efficiently.
• Technical skills : With the increasing use of technology, employees must possess the necessary technical skills to operate systems, such as booking software, point-of-sale systems, and social media platforms.

Revenue management : Revenue management skills are crucial in effectively managing pricing, inventory, and data analysis to maximize revenue and profitability

Master fundamental hospitality and tourism secrets for a high-flying career at a world-leading hospitality brand

With this Master’s degree, you’ll discover the skills to manage a world-class hospitality and tourism business.

Education and training opportunities in tourism and hospitality

Education and training are vital for a hospitality and tourism career. You can ensure you are prepared for a career in the industry with a Bachelor’s in hospitality management   and Master’s in hospitality   programs from Glion.

These programs provide a comprehensive understanding of the guest experience, including service delivery and business operations, while developing essential skills such as leadership, communication, and problem-solving. You’ll gain the knowledge and qualifications you need for a successful, dynamic, and rewarding hospitality and tourism career.

Preparing for a career in tourism and hospitality

To prepare for a career in tourism and hospitality management, you should focus on researching the industry and gaining relevant education and training, such as a hospitality degree . For instance, Glion’s programs emphasize guest experience and hospitality management, providing students with an outstanding education that launches them into leading industry roles.

It would help if you also worked on building your communication, customer service, and problem-solving skills while gaining practical experience through internships or part-time jobs in the industry. Meanwhile, attending industry events, job fairs, and conferences, staying up-to-date on industry trends, and networking to establish professional connections will also be extremely valuable.

Finding jobs in tourism and hospitality

To find jobs in tourism and hospitality, candidates can search online job boards, and company career pages, attend career fairs, network with industry professionals, and utilize the services of recruitment agencies. Hospitality and tourism graduates can also leverage valuable alumni networks and industry connections made during internships or industry projects.

Networking and building connections in the industry

Networking and building connections in the hospitality and tourism industry provide opportunities to learn about job openings, meet potential employers, and gain industry insights. It can also help you expand your knowledge and skills, build your personal brand, and establish yourself as a valuable industry professional.

You can start networking by attending industry events, joining professional organizations, connecting with professionals on social media, and through career services at Glion.

Tips for success in tourism and hospitality

Here are tips for career success in the tourism and hospitality industry.

• Gain relevant education and training : Pursue a hospitality or tourism management degree from Glion to gain fundamental knowledge and practical skills.
• Build your network : Attend industry events, connect with colleagues and professionals on LinkedIn, and join relevant associations to build your network and increase your exposure to potential job opportunities.
• Gain practical experience : Look for internships, part-time jobs, or volunteering opportunities to gain practical experience and develop relevant skills.
• Develop your soft skills : Work on essential interpersonal skills like communication, empathy, and problem-solving.
• Stay up-to-date with industry trends : Follow industry news and trends and proactively learn new skills and technologies relevant to tourism and hospitality.
• Be flexible and adaptable : The tourism and hospitality industry constantly evolves, so be open to change and to adapting to new situations and challenges.
• Strive for excellent guest service : Focus on delivering exceptional guest experiences as guest satisfaction is critical for success.

Tourism and hospitality offer many fantastic opportunities to create memorable guest experiences , work in diverse and multicultural environments, and develop transferable skills.

If you’re ready to embark on your career in tourism and hospitality, Glion has world-leading bachelor’s and master’s programs to set you up for success.

Photo credits Main image: Maskot/Maskot via Getty Images

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• BS in Hospitality, Travel and Tourism Management

Bachelor of Science (BS) in Hospitality, Travel and Tourism Management

If you are considering a hospitality major as your undergraduate program of study, the BS in Hospitality, Travel and Tourism Management, offered by the Jonathan M. Tisch Center of Hospitality prepares students for careers in hospitality, travel and tourism, tourism experience management, hotel and resort management, and hotel real estate development. The curriculum provides you with flexibility to explore career options way beyond what a typical hospitality and tourism degree might offer. As a student enrolled in this program, you’ll benefit immensely from earning your degree at NYU , home to more than 50,000 students from around the globe, while launching your career in New York City—a location defined by its world-class hotels and tourist attractions.

Degree Advantage

• Curriculum  prepares students for hospitality and tourism jobs around the world
• Provides an NYU liberal arts education
• Concentrations  in Event Management , Hotel Real Estate Finance and Development , Marketing and Analytics , Leadership and Management , Travel and Tourism Development , and Entrepreneurship
• Internships at leading NYC hotels, restaurants, tourism bureaus, online travel agencies, and promotional companies
• Study abroad opportunities  and industry site visits
• New Hospitality Innovation Hub for students, start ups, and industry partners

VIEW FULL CURRICULUM AND DEGREE REQUIREMENTS >

Who should earn the bs in hospitality, travel and tourism management.

If you have a passion for travel, love to interact with people, and have an innate curiosity to learn about different cultures, this degree provides the knowledge and skills needed for a hospitality career. The diversity of the Tisch Center student body and faculty members promotes a worldview that will be critical for your success in a field that is more globally interconnected than ever before.

Degree Overview

Learn from a faculty of world-renowned experts.

Faculty members are respected experts in the hospitality, hotel management, and travel and tourism sectors who share their knowledge, insights, experiences, and connections. They work directly with you to ensure that you identify and pursue the professional path that best fits your career goals and objectives. Their support and deep dedication is what makes earning a degree from the Tisch Center an experience unlike all others.

Gain Invaluable Experience Through Study Abroad

Study abroad opportunities abound for BS in Hospitality, Travel and Tourism Management students through Global Field Intensives (GFIs). These travel experiences provide international business experience while attuning students to the cultural, socio-economic, and political forces that influence the international hospitality, and travel and tourism industries. Recent GFIs include trips to: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Prague, and Berlin.

Benefit from Unsurpassed Networking Opportunities

The BS in Hospitality, Travel and Tourism Management provides unsurpassed networking opportunities through the annual  NYU International Hospitality Industry Investment Conference , chaired by  Jonathan M. Tisch , chairman and CEO of Loews Hotels and Co. (left); the Grossinger-Bergman Distinguished Lecturer Series, which features hospitality leaders such as  David Marriott ; and fireside chats with the likes of famed chefs and restaurateurs  Daniel Boulud  and  Danny Meyer .

Internships and Job Opportunities

Through the Tisch Center of Hospitality and the NYU Wasserman Center for Career Development at NYU SPS, hospitality, travel and tourism management majors have the opportunity to complete a wide range of hospitality, and travel and tourism internships that provide the hands-on experience needed to accelerate their careers. Many of these internships evolve into permanent hospitality and tourism jobs. Our graduates go on to careers at top hotel chains, boutique hotels, travel organizations, tourism bureaus, media companies, restaurants, and food and beverage companies including:

• Estee Lauder Companies
• Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts
• Loews Hotels
• Marriott International
• The Standard Hotels
• Walt Disney World

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

How does this degree differ from a hospitality management degree.

The BS in Hospitality, Travel and Tourism Management differs from a hospitality management degree in its holistic approach to the hospitality, travel, and tourism sectors. While traditional undergraduate hospitality management degrees focus on hotels and restaurants, you will have the opportunity in this degree to also explore subjects like destination marketing, tourism development, and event management.

Will this degree prepare me for hotel management jobs?

The BS in Hospitality, Travel and Tourism Management will prepare you for a range of hotel industry jobs and career paths. You will have the opportunity to specialize in your field of interest, including hotel or tourism operations, sales and marketing, revenue management or hotel development. Our students secure internships and work at large multinational hotel chains as well as independent boutique hotels.

Is tourism management a growing field?

Tourism management offers a broad range of career options for those who are interested in pursuing tourism jobs. The tourism sector has experienced incredible growth in the past decades. with 1.8 billion tourists—just over one in five persons in the world—traveling around the globe by 2030 (UNWTO). The BS in Hospitality, Travel and Tourism Management provides students with the opportunity to secure internships at a broad range of tourism destinations including Walt Disney World.

Can an undergraduate hotel management degree help my career?

An undergraduate hotel management degree can help your career, because it will provide you with a wealth of business skills and the networking opportunities that can lead to a wide variety of hotel management jobs. The hospitality sector is vast and offers a wealth of career choices, but even if you decide to switch career paths, the business foundation you acquire will allow you to pursue a career in a variety of other professional sectors. In addition, earning an undergraduate degree at NYU will open the doors to job opportunities in New York City and around the world.

What are the advantages of earning a hospitality management degree in New York City?

The advantage of earning your hospitality management degree in New York City is that you will be studying in the hospitality capital of the world. New York City is home to top hotels, the finest restaurants, major tourist attractions and thousands of world-famous events. The City will become your professional base for exploring your interests in hospitality, travel and tourism management and for gaining the experience you need to secure a job in this growing field.

Hospitality, Travel and Tourism Management (BS)

Program description.

The BS in Hospitality, Travel and Tourism Management prepares students for management positions in one of the largest economic sectors worldwide. Combining a thorough liberal arts program of study with industry- specific business classes, students gain in-depth knowledge in the areas of hospitality finance, sales and marketing, revenue management, special event planning, destination development, and food and beverage operations. Students learn how to develop new hotel and resort concepts, market tourism destinations, and manage tourism and convention bureaus. Frequent site visits, industry events, and guest speakers ensure that students make use of all the opportunities New York City has to offer, both in and out of the classroom. In addition, they gain hands-on experience through internships, which develop them into successful—and highly employable—industry professionals.

New York University's Office of Undergraduate Admissions supports the application process for all undergraduate programs at NYU.  For additional information about undergraduate admissions, including application requirements, see How to Apply . 

Program Requirements

Concentrations.

The program requires the completion of 128 credits, and students may choose one of six concentrations listed below.

The BS in Hospitality, Travel and Tourism Management prepares students for a wide range of careers in hotels, restaurants, catering companies, real estate and management services companies, online travel agencies, marketing and PR firms, destination marketing organizations, event companies and consulting firms. The degree has six concentrations:

Event Management

This concentration explores career opportunities in festivals, weddings and social events, trade shows, and experiential marketing.

The event sector is growing fast, and offers a wealth of career opportunities. Whether you are interested in festivals, weddings, business conventions or sporting events, this concentration will equip you with the skills and knowledge you need to succeed in this exciting field.

Event planning, design and production are a central focus of this concentration. Event planners/producers coordinate every detail of the event: from the venue and speakers to arranging for printed materials and audio-visual equipment. They develop the concept for the event, and liaise with suppliers and staff. Event planners/producers may work for non-profit organizations, associations, hotels, corporations, and government. Many are independent business owners and coordinate events for a range of clients.

Events can also play an important role in a company’s marketing strategy. Experiential or event marketing is a promotional strategy that involves face-to-face contact between companies and their customers at special events like concerts, fairs, and sporting events. Brands use event marketing entertainment (like shows, contests, or parties) to reach consumers through direct hand-to-hand sampling or interactive displays.

Marketing and Analytics

In this concentration, students study hospitality and travel sales and marketing, as well as strategies and processes that optimize a business’s revenues.

The marketing and analytics concentration provides students with in-depth knowledge of the marketing functions of hospitality businesses.  Professionals in marketing and branding roles need strong analytical skills as they conduct market research, oversee multimedia advertising campaigns, and consult with outside agencies, promotional representatives and corporate executives.

Marketers and revenue managers currently evolve in an increasingly digital and data-driven environment. They are tasked to develop and implement strategies to maximize the business's revenues and profitability. On the basis of daily reports, they make predictions of demand and make distribution channels and pricing decisions. They also leverage the power of loyalty programs and optimize the entire guest acquisition phase; in partnership with travel agencies - on and offline - and other travel intermediaries.

Leadership and Management

This concentration focuses on the operational aspects of hospitality businesses – a great concentration for budding general managers!

The leadership and management concentration provides students with in-depth knowledge of the operational aspects of hospitality businesses. This is an attractive concentration for budding general managers, as the concentration includes aspects of sales and marketing, food and beverage management, but also leadership and law. Hotel operations roles are available in a wide range of departments: front desk, catering, events, housekeeping and human resources. Professionals in operations oversee the daily activities of their teams, and aim to ensure guest satisfaction.

Hotel Real Estate Finance and Development

This concentration provides students with in-depth knowledge of financial management and the hotel development process.

The hotel real estate finance and development concentration provides students with in-depth knowledge of financial management and the hotel development process. Hotel finance careers may include responsibilities such as overseeing the financial processes of the hotel, maintaining audits and reports, producing monthly income statements, and coordinating budgets and forecasts. The hospitality sector is mostly associated with the hotel industry, however, many other asset classes fall into this sector, including large scale resorts, spas, timeshares, restaurants and casinos.

Another aspect of this concentration is hotel development and asset management. Many well-known hotel brand names do not own the building in which the hotel operates, but rather contract their management and brand name to the owner for a fee. Owners and real estate investment trusts employ analysts to maximize the returns earned by the property. Hotel investment professionals produce valuations, and make recommendations about the development of new assets or the remodeling of existing assets.

Travel and Tourism Development

This concentration prepares students for careers in destination marketing organizations, (online) travel agents, tour operators, airlines, cruise lines, PR firms, and visitor attractions.

The travel and tourism industry has shown remarkable resilience in the face of economic challenges, geopolitical conditions and natural disasters. It remains one of the largest and fastest growing industry sectors in the world. Graduate tourism degrees prepare students for a wealth of careers in the public, private and voluntary sectors. WTTC estimates that the travel and tourism sectors support 292 million jobs worldwide, or 1 in every 10 jobs.

The travel and tourism development concentration prepares students for careers in destination marketing organizations, (online) travel agents, tour operators, airlines, cruise lines, event companies, development agencies, marketing and PR firms and visitor attractions. Students will explore various aspects of this large and multi-faceted sector, including casinos, special interest tourism products, sports tourism and mega-events, entrepreneurship and destination marketing.

Entrepreneurship

In this concentration, students will learn the different aspects of the typical entrepreneurship journey: from ideation, to prototyping,  to business launch, and management as applied to hospitality.

Entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in innovation, economic development and competitiveness. The entrepreneurship concentration provides students with in-depth knowledge of the crucial role that entrepreneurship plays in the travel and hospitality business. It also provides them with the entrepreneurial and innovative mindset sought after by many employers. The courses offer an overview of the different aspects of the typical entrepreneurship cycle, from ideation to business launch and management. Courses in this concentration are experiential,  applying theory to real world problems and opportunities.

Sample Plan of Study

Learning outcomes.

Upon successful completion of the program, graduates will:

• Comprehend the historical development of the industry, including its key global stakeholders, terminology and data/information sources.
• Develop analytical and critical thinking skills, by understanding the selection of appropriate research methods and data, and the principles of analyzing data effectively to address industry challenges.
• Develop the business skills and attributes required of contemporary, global hospitality and tourism professionals, to include the areas of management, service, leadership, communication, ethical responsibility, finance and technology.
• Develop strong business writing skills, as well as engaging and effective presentation skills.
• Develop a specialized focus on a specific area of study within hospitality and tourism.
• Prepare for successful careers by integrating work experiences with academics.

NYU Policies

School of professional studies policies.

University-wide policies can be found on the New York University Policy pages .

Additional academic policies can be found on the School of Professional Studies academic policy pag e. 

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What to Know About Hospitality and Tourism Management Degree Programs

Hospitality management degrees are designed to train future leaders in the hospitality industry.

How to Study Hospitality Management

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Running a company in any segment of the hospitality industry requires not only financial and marketing prowess, but also an understanding of how to create an inviting environment for guests.

The art and science of hosting strangers is an essential skill for people working in many kinds of businesses, including airlines, casinos, cruise ships, festivals, hotels and restaurants.

Running a company in any segment of the hospitality industry requires not only financial and marketing prowess, but also an understanding of how to create an inviting environment for guests. Cultivating that marketable skill set is the goal of associate, bachelor's and graduate programs in hospitality management.

What a Hospitality Management Degree Is and What Classes It Requires

The goal of any course of study in hospitality management is to train people to create and maintain spaces where others will immediately feel at home.

“Understanding how to take care of the customer is a foundational aspect of the hospitality discipline,” Angela Ramsey, senior director of communication at the University of Nevada—Las Vegas William F. Harrah College of Hospitality, explained in an email.

Hospitality management degrees are, foremost, degrees in business, says Michael Sabitoni, chair of the food and beverage management department and the international travel and tourism studies department at Johnson & Wales University in Rhode Island. They include classes in accounting, finance, human resources, law and technology, he says.

However, unlike a general business degree, a hospitality degree typically includes specialized coursework focusing on the hospitality industry, such as classes on food service business operations, event management principles, and hotel and resort leadership, Sabitoni says. An overview class about tourism is also typically included in hospitality management programs, and industry internships are often mandatory, he adds.

Many hospitality degree programs require students to participate in experiential learning by helping to operate a student-run hotel or restaurant. They may also contain classes on:

• Eco-tourism or sustainable travel
• Global tourism and special considerations involved with international trips
• Customer service protocols
• Assessing the quality of guest experiences
• Specific types of hospitality establishments, such as country clubs, golf courses, resorts, stadiums, timeshares or theme parks
• Nuances involved in planning certain kinds of events, such as conventions or weddings
• Concerns that face certain demographics of customers, including women and people of color
• Various types of tourism, including business trips and visits to cultural destinations or historical sites

Top Undergraduate Schools With Hospitality Management Majors

Many U.S. colleges and universities allow undergraduates to major in hospitality management, including multiple nationally renowned academic institutions. Cornell University of New York, an Ivy League college, has a school devoted to hospitality.

Exceptional hospitality programs are often based in major metropolitan areas that attract significant tourism. For example, New York University and Boston University in Massachusetts offer a hospitality management degree.

How to Know if a Hospitality Management Degree Is Right for You

An interest in the food and beverage sector, a love for travel or an interest in entertaining people may lead someone to consider pursuing a degree in hospitality management. But prospective students should be aware that the hospitality sector has leadership roles for people with all kinds of interests and personalities.

Though some managerial positions in the hospitality industry are customer-facing jobs that require significant people skills, there are also back-of-the-house managerial jobs that concentrate on logistics, Sabitoni says.

Significant cultural awareness and strong communication abilities are essential in hospitality. Foreign language skills are also valuable but not mandatory, Sabitoni says.

What You Can Do With a Hospitality Management Degree

Hospitality programs are designed to train future leaders in the sector.

“It can include anything within the hospitality vertical, from hotel investment companies to real estate firms to our big brands which are the Marriotts, the Hiltons, the Four Seasons, to data analytics companies to Googles to Amazons,” says Kate Walsh, dean of the Peter and Stephanie Nolan School of Hotel Administration at Cornell. “Anything that touches hospitality as a part of their business product is something where our students get involved.”

Real estate investment firms often invest in hotel buildings, so people with degrees in hospitality management sometimes find jobs in the real estate sector, Walsh says. Alumni of hospitality management programs sometimes become management consultants who concentrate on assisting companies in the hospitality industry, she adds.

Executive and director roles in the industry typically require at least a bachelor's degree. Many high-level leadership positions at U.S. hospitality firms pay annual salaries above $70,000, according to an article published by Monster.com, a job website.

In 2020, graduates of Cornell's Nolan School had an average base salary of slightly over $69,000 and an average bonus of nearly $15,000, according to the school's employment report .

Considerations for Potential Hospitality Students

Aspiring hospitality managers should be aware of trends that may affect them when they enter the industry, experts say.

This sector has severe labor shortages at hotels and restaurants, many of which laid off workers due to pandemic-related safety measures and now have struggled to replace those workers even after raising wages.

Because of these staffing concerns, many hospitality companies have introduced initiatives to recruit and retain talented staff, improve working conditions, increase job satisfaction and reduce employee turnover, Walsh says.

When comparing hospitality programs, prospective students should investigate whether those programs include experiential learning opportunities, experts say, noting that hands-on projects are one of the best ways to gain hospitality skills. It’s also optimal if hospitality schools offer courses on design, which can inform aesthetic choices about how a hospitality venue looks, according to experts.

“I think the industry needs innovative thinkers," Walsh says. "They need people who think big culturally, who are comfortable with different modes of work, so it’s a great time to join the industry. The industry is trying to be extremely intentional in providing compelling career paths.”

Searching for a grad school? Get our  complete rankings of Best Graduate Schools.

Grad Degree Jobs With $100K+ Salaries

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Hospitality & Tourism Degrees: Everything You Need to Know

UOTP Marketing

Tourism has experienced massive growth as an industry in recent decades. Compared to the old days, people are now spending way more on travel, restaurants, and relaxation. What does that mean for the people employed in this industry? It means that the prospects are higher than ever. Also, this is the best time to get involved in studying hospitality and tourism .

Yet, earning a hospitality and tourism degree is not all that easy. Facilitating people’s experiences and managing hotels, catering, needs, and demands can indeed be rocket science. So read below to find out what you have to go through to get a degree in Hospitality and Tourism.

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Download Our Free Guide to Jumpstarting Your Hospitality and Tourism Career

Discover all you need to know before you join the field.

Hospitality and Tourism Education Requirements

Many believe that they can succeed in the hospitality and tourism industry even without as much of an undergraduate degree. Although that is true for some positions, if you aim to pursue roles in higher levels of a company’s management hierarchy, you will need to work toward meeting some educational requirements. 

To begin, as soon as you complete your secondary level education, it is wise to enroll in an undergraduate program, be it an associate or bachelor’s degree. With such degrees, you will have opened yourself up to many opportunities for entry-level positions within the management field.

Suppose you want better chances of landing a position, gaining an edge over your competitors, and showcasing your dedication toward improving yourself and your skill set. In that case, you should pursue a graduate degree. 

The Bureau of Labor Statistics, which makes employment projections for more than 800 occupations, reports that the educational requirements for entry into professions from various fields are evolving. According to their reports, the need for a master’s degree to enter occupations is projected to grow by almost 17%, whereas for doctoral ones, about 13%.

To know more about how you can fulfill the education requirements for hospitality and tourism, continue reading below as we go through the various undergraduate and graduate degrees in this field, their duration, the careers available after you obtain each one, and the median salary associated with them.

Types of Hospitality & Tourism Degrees

There are different degrees you can pursue if you decide to study hospitality and tourism . They may include BA, Bachelor of Business Administration , BS, MS, MBA, PhD , and short term courses, covering everything from hotels, restaurants, cruise ships, amusement parks, destination marketing organizations, and convention centers or country clubs. You can get a degree in the hospitality and tourism industry from a University college dedicated to the studies of hospitality management or a business school with a relevant department.

Associate Degree in Tourism and Hospitality

An Associate degree may be of huge help for your career advancement. Yes, most entry-level management positions do not necessarily require a degree. But you still want to be recognized as a professional of the field you work in, no? Associate degrees can be divided into two-degree programs:

• Associate of Applied Science in Hospitality Management
• Associate of Science in Hospitality and Tourism

The Hospitality Management degree program offers thorough studies of theoretical and practical management skills, hospitality business law, and food and beverage management. Whereas, hospitality and tourism management degree programs aim to develop student’s skills in the areas of marketing, purchasing, budgeting, and cost control. Both of these programs differ in their emphasis, with one focusing more on management skills and the other on travel planning skills.

Bachelor’s Degree in Hospitality and Tourism Management

A bachelor’s degree in hospitality and tourism management gives you plenty of opportunities to work in leadership and management positions within the tourism and hospitality industry. Through a 4-year program, you can learn about the most significant concepts, skills, and values of the tourism and hospitality industry. Later on, you can use those skills to decision-making processes, problem-solving, and facilitating people’s experience in the travel and hospitality industry.

Master’s Degree in Hospitality and Tourism Management

Once you obtain a bachelor’s degree in hospitality and tourism management, you may be asking yourself if there are higher education options to pursue in this field, and if they’re really worth it? We would say that it depends on what you want to do in the future. Master’s degrees in hospitality and tourism usually take the form of MS (Master of Science) or MBA (Master of Business Administration). Around 15% of hospitality graduates go on to study further or combine study and work.

By pursuing an MS or MBA in hospitality and tourism, you can specialize in a particular hospitality-related function, or broaden your opportunities by moving into other career areas. Needless to say, the numbers of your salary will automatically increase as qualifications follow your experience.

Online Degree in Hospitality and Tourism

If you enjoy working with people, pursuing a degree in hospitality and tourism can be your call. But sometimes the circumstances don’t allow us to commit to a certain degree fully. That’s why the option of pursuing an online degree instead could just save the day. Whether you want to reduce costs or time, a hospitality management degree online can prepare you for a wide range of hospitality management jobs across the industry.

There are some great colleges that can offer you an online bachelor of science degree in hospitality management or an online bachelor of science in hospitality and tourism management. The best thing about these programs is that you can build your knowledge of the industry following your own pace. Corresponding courses will introduce you to the wide range of disciplines in the field, depending on if you’re looking for a career in culinary arts, hotel managing, or career opportunities in business administration.

What Skills Do You Need to Develop to Work on Hospitality and Tourism?

As with many other career fields, the tourism and hospitality industry encompasses a set of skills that you will need to develop in order to land a job and continue thriving professionally. Through a combination of technical and soft skills that you earn through your education, you showcase to your employers as well as customers that you are competent in your position and even ready for a promotion to better ones. Below, we’ll go through the top skills you need to develop to work in hospitality and tourism.

Customer service skills

Arguably, the most critical skill in the hospitality and tourism industry is customer service. After all, without customers, there would be no income, and without revenue, there would be no success in the industry. Developing such a skill is essential to your success as surveys show that business professionals as potential employers prioritize providing satisfactory customer experience before product/service and pricing.

As a professional in the tourism and hospitality industry, it is your responsibility to make your customers feel heard and valued, so they leave satisfied with your business.

It is a well-known fact that technology has evolved immensely in the last few decades to the point that nearly all industries are heavily reliant on it for daily operations. The hospitality and tourism industry is no different, as being knowledgeable and skilled in working with various networks and software is a must for all professionals. Some of the top digital skills one must possess to succeed in this field include:

• MS Office skills,
• online marketing and communication skills,
• operating systems use skills
• social media skills
• skills to monitor online reviews

Human resource management

As you begin to work in management positions, you will need the necessary skills to attract and retain employees and motivate them to work toward your shared goals. Human resource management skills will be crucial toward obtaining people suitable to provide the services of your business, expanding your resources, managing compensations, and many other things. Developing such a skill will give you an advantage over your competitors in any managerial role within the hospitality and tourism industry and beyond.

Communication

Communication is one of the top soft skills needed to succeed in the hospitality and tourism industry. Being skilled in effectively expressing your ideas, reporting on your duties, and dealing with customers from diverse backgrounds, is crucial in this industry. Being articulate is only one aspect of this skill, as other details such as body language and writing are some other aspects. From co-workers to mentors, mentees, and customers— proper communication will make everyone’s job easier.

Teamwork 

Another soft skill you should develop is teamwork. You cannot go far in the tourism and hospitality industry without having people to help you; therefore, being a team player is a must. Studies support this claim, as they suggest that there are many benefits of having workplace collaboration , including an increase in customer satisfaction and sales, as well as better product quality.

If you are applying for an entry-level position or even jumping straight to managerial roles, your employers will consider how well you can fit in with their already-existing team when assessing you for the job.

Problem-solving

Because of the nature of the industry, with each customer being different from the other, problems can arise daily. You must be well-prepared and skilled in problem-solving to identify your customers’ problems, find solutions to their requests, and work on ways you can improve for the future. Developing skills in problem-solving will help keep your customers happy and help you flourish in this field.

Highest Paying Jobs in Hospitality

There are different jobs you can get involved in the industry of hospitality and tourism. From entry-level ones to top leadership positions that can pay you a fortune for your services. But of course that reaching those top positions requires quite the effort, work experience, and qualification. According to Monster.com ’s list – based on the data from BLS and salary.com, these are the highest paying jobs in the industry of hospitality and tourism:

1. Director of Housekeeping

Directors of Housekeeping ensure that rooms and premises are all clean and organized within the hotel they work with. Their duties include: maintaining and ordering supplies, investigating complaints, supervising housekeepers, training new employees, and ensuring customer satisfaction. The typical qualifications expected from Directors of Housekeeping are housekeeping experience, attention to detail, leadership, coaching skills, teamwork, and time management. Considering the nature of the job, you will also need a degree in hotel management. They get paid $74,712 per year.

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2. Executive Casino Host

This position requires people who are naturally friendly and cheerful, as they have to draw casino customers with their attitude. The executive casino host supervises and coordinates employees working in the gaming area of a casino. Their work schedule involves extended hours and working outside traditional business hours. A bachelor’s degree in a field such as hospitality and tourism management is usually asked from them and some years of experience. They get paid $55,044 per year.

3. Executive Chef

Executive chefs are known for performing tasks outside of the kitchen too. Except for creating new recipes or planning menus, they are also involved in hiring or training food staff, maintaining the inventory for food supplies, purchasing orders, or creating food budgets. This means that they’re in charge of the daily operations of hotel and restaurant kitchens. Executive chefs make $67,632 per year.

4. Executive Pastry Chef

Pretty much the same job description of an executive chef corresponds to an executive pastry chef as well, except that, in this case, the executive pastry chef is responsible for a restaurant’s baking and dessert operations. Except for being charged for dessert recipes, these people also supervise employees, order supplies, and seek to harmonize the restaurant’s work with sanitation regulations. The annual salary of executive pastry chefs is $65,623 per year.

5. Flight Attendant

There’s so much more to flight attendants then just courtesy and elegance. They are responsible for ensuring that the safety and comfort needs of passengers are met during flights. They perform plenty of actions that involve emergency procedures and safety checks, with the purpose of properly directing passengers. These travel bugs are paid a whole $50,500 per year.

6. Food and Beverage Director

Food and beverage directors are responsible for offering guests the perfect dining experience, starting from the venue to everything service-related. These people are expected to be professionals of the field, with a formal qualification (degree or certificate ) and with relevant years of experience. They also supervise kitchen staff and plan the delivery of food in large establishments, catering companies, schools, or hospitals. They work closely with the HR to hire and train staff, and they get paid $72,248 per year.

7. Hotel Manager

Hotel managers strive to keep their guests happy, hotel operations efficient, and businesses profitable. They are responsible for much of the hotel-related functions, starting from checking guests in and out and supervising available rooms to managing dining areas and hiring and training staff. Hotel managers oversee multiple departments within hotel hospitality. A bachelor’s degree in hospitality or hotel management is typical for this job, and they get paid a whole $106,680 per year.

8. Meeting/Event managers

The position title pretty much sums up the job description. Convention, meeting and event planners try their best to understand their client’s needs and specifics regarding the aspects of event organization. These people coordinate all details related to location, booking, transportation, and professional calls. You’ll need some work experience to work in this field, and you’d get paid $78,589 per year as your fellow event managers currently are.

9. Restaurant General Manager

The role of general restaurant managers is mostly of a supervisory nature. These people are responsible for estimating food and supply needs, overseeing the placement of orders, managing the budget, and implement daily operations based on that budget. They’re also involved in hiring and training employees. Their role emphasizes the importance of providing cost-effective and high-quality services for guests. For this position, no formal education is necessarily required, yet, you must have prior work experience. Restaurant general managers get paid $53,127 per year.

10. Sommelier

Hotels and restaurants of high reputation, usually hire people to be their in-house wine experts. These wine experts are also called sommeliers, and they offer guests specific advice for the proper wine that combines best with their meal. Businesses in this industry also hire sommeliers to consult with them on particular wine choices for certain events. Imagine being paid a whole $56,551 per year to give your opinion on wine! Sounds fantastic, doesn’t it?

Benefits of a career in Hospitality and Tourism

Hospitality and tourism represent the most dynamic, fast-growing industry. To add to that, a career in this industry can be the most exciting step to take for yourself. Potential jobs you may seek are all about communication, adventure, and so many other advantages that have been proven to impact your wellbeing as well, both physically and psychologically. Read below to see the benefits we have highlighted for if you decide to follow this career path.

1. It’s doesn’t feel like work

Most of the jobs in hospitality and tourism are not typical 9-5 jobs. You get to live a hectic life, yes, but at least you get to do that outside the environments of a dull office. Hospitality was ranked #6 in the top 10 ‘Happiest industries’ based on responses such as ‘I’m excited about my work and projects,’ ‘I work with great people’ and ‘I feel recognized and appreciated.’

2. It provides you with global experiences

The nature of this industry is of the sort that you will learn many aspects of the global economy, traditions, and diversity of mindsets. Whether through traveling alone, or doing business with fellow hospitality businesses from different countries, you will see how different and yet alike we are. Learning about different cultures will always be part of your routine in this industry.

3. Social Interaction

You have to be a people’s person to pursue a degree in hospitality and tourism. That’s basically the beauty of it, as you get the chance to meet and greet so many personalities. It might be overwhelming for some individuals; however, it may become some of the things you most look forward to once you realize just how many valuable perspectives you can get from guests and clients with different backgrounds.

4. No day is the same

One day you’re traveling, the other you’re hosting, showing people around, or making sure they have the best experience of the place they’re visiting. This means that you won’t have to wake up every day just to perform the same monotonous tasks. And that adds so much thrill to your days and makes you look forward to work, because you never know what to expect within this industry.

5. Drives your curiosity

As no day is the same, you will always be driven by a curiosity to advance your career and see what else you can learn. We know that studies have shown how travel can broaden the mind, but that’s not the only fact anymore. Science now suggests that you can gain the same benefits that people get from traveling, also by working in the hospitality industry. You’ll have plenty of flexibility to take some time and absorb new things regarding your exciting job or question people for hidden gems.

6. Career growth opportunities

And we’re not just talking about professional growth, but for your personal growth as a human being as well. Upcoming generations are seeking out jobs that will excite them, according to the Harvard Business Review . They claim that ‘growth opportunities’ are some of the most important factors that push them to choose a career over the other. And of course, they will choose a career in hospitality , with all the worldwide travel opportunities and networking advantages.

Is a Degree in Hospitality & Tourism Management Worth It?

The bottom line is that although the hospitality and tourism industry is very exciting and dynamic, it won’t always feel like a never-ending holiday. We’re talking about a highly competitive and dynamic field, which demands well-trained professionals and a serious work ethic. To have all this baggage and stand out from other candidates, you need to complete an in-depth study program. You need this degree specifically if you aim for higher leadership positions because of the entry-level ones you could get even with some years of work experience.

So we do think that a degree in hospitality and tourism is worth it, yet, you should tailor the decision according to your long-term ambitions.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What’s the difference between an ms and an mba in hospitality and tourism management.

An MS typically focuses on specialized knowledge and research within the industry, while an MBA emphasizes business administration skills applicable to various sectors, including hospitality.

Are there specific areas of specialization within these programs?

Yes, programs may offer concentrations like hotel management, event planning, sustainable tourism, or destination management, allowing students to delve deeper into their areas of interest.

What career advantages come with a master’s degree in this field?

A master’s can lead to greater industry recognition, increased earning potential, and opportunities for leadership roles.

Is work experience necessary before pursuing a master’s in hospitality and tourism?

While not always mandatory, having work experience can provide valuable insights and context that enrich the learning experience in a master’s program.

Are online programs as reputable as on-campus ones in this field?

Many reputable institutions offer online master’s programs in hospitality and tourism. The key is to ensure accreditation and evaluate factors like faculty expertise and industry connections.

What are some challenges specific to advanced studies in this field?

Challenges might include keeping pace with industry trends, balancing academic commitments with work (for those studying part-time), and ensuring alignment between academic theory and practical industry demands.

Do these programs usually offer networking opportunities or internships?

Yes, many programs facilitate internships or cooperative education experiences to help students gain practical skills. Additionally, they often provide platforms for networking through industry events, conferences, and alumni connections.

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Start » business ideas, 10 travel and hospitality business ideas.

As travelers contemplate comfortable new ways to satisfy their wanderlust, opportunity awaits for entrepreneurs who offer safe, fun and authentic experiences and services.

With barriers easing, both literally and figuratively, many travelers are in the planning stages of long-awaited reunions, getaways and adventures. For some pleasure-seekers, their post-pandemic plans look very different than they did before. Travel is an industry that has been significantly reshaped , with experiences and expectations now looking vastly different.

With comfort and confidence levels rising anew, all signs point to opportunity for those looking to start a small, travel-related business and parlay their savvy of the tourism scene with a side of next-level hospitality. The sky’s the limit, and these 10 ideas are great starting points for entrepreneurs of various interests and levels of expertise.

Bed-and-breakfast owner

In the current climate, many travelers are road-tripping it to smaller, more quaint destinations, seeking accommodations with a certain charm, character and personal approach to hospitality...and safety. The $3.4 billion bed-and-breakfast industry checks all the boxes and presents a great opportunity for those looking for a way into the tourism landscape without leaving home. Once you’ve established that you are someone who loves hosting and spending time with others, you will need a residence with enough space to create private accommodations for guests, ideally each with their own bathrooms. The more rooms you have to offer, the greater the income potential. B&B ownership also means a significant upfront investment , from securing permits to building out guest rooms, buying furnishings and essentials and accounting for kitchen upgrades and food needs. Sustainability, farm-to-table or plant-based menus and local cooking classes are some of the ways some bed-and-breakfast hosts are creating a point of difference in their market.

Glamping host

Perhaps you don’t have the indoor square footage and blueprints to create bed-and-breakfast accommodations, but you do possess the gift of great hospitality, live in a desirable destination and have an enviable backyard or are near a special natural setting. You could have the makings of a glamping business. Glamping is elevated camping, with upgraded accommodations, from luxurious tents to more unique structures , and an emphasis on comfort and amenities like access to bathrooms, fire pits, cookware to facilitate meal prep...and maybe even an outdoor pizza oven. Glamping is a form of travel gaining in appeal among couples, groups of friends and families, with market forecasts expecting that it will reach $1.88 billion in revenue this year. Before you jump in, make sure to secure all necessary permits for your location. Once you’re ready for visitors, post swoon-worthy photos on social media and all the details on booking sites like Airbnb , Glamping Hub , Cool Camping and Hip Camp .

Private tour guide

If you live in or near a sought-after town or city and love to share everything there is to know (including its best-kept secrets) with others, offering up your knowledge and passion as a private tour guide could be rewarding and profitable. You can essentially set your own schedule, create an experience that is unlike any other in your area and customize tours based on traveler preferences and interests. Building relationships with cool local businesses can be a great way to give tourists an insider’s perspective and support the community. Get your feet wet with the built-in audience and fulfillment support of platforms like ToursByLocals , which connects travelers with private local guides for a percentage of each booking. Build your business by posting tour details on local Facebook groups as well as groups targeted to visitors to your area.

Travel blogger

Travel bloggers have become a trusted source for inspiration, advice and recommendations for those dreaming about or planning trips. These bloggers document their research and experiences, often in great detail, through captivating writing and images that command the attention of travelers—and the advertisers and content providers who want to reach them. Having a niche (like sustainable travel, solo travel or last-minute getaways), a unique voice and great insider tips on local hot spots or ways to save time and money are key. Building a profitable business out of your passion means a lot of relationship building and marketing to integrate affiliate links , content sponsorships and advertising, plus becoming part of the select few that are offered paid travel to write about a locale or hotel. You can also generate income by charging a fee for travel photographers to curate your site with their images, crediting them and linking back to their online galleries. As a starting point, it’s a good idea to spend time on the leading travel blogs to gain insight and best practices.

A background in tourism or hospitality can be a plus, as is niche expertise in a particular city or region.

Tourism and hospitality translator

If you’re fluent in multiple languages, able to not only speak, but write, with creativity, proficiency and ease, there are tour operators, hotels, restaurants and many other travel-related businesses that may be in need of your skills. From websites to brochures to menus, inclusivity is key to welcoming travelers who want to understand the food, art, attractions and culture of their chosen destination without language being a major barrier. As a translator, you can help businesses of all sizes create dynamic digital and traditional communications that assist their foreign customers and create lasting, positive experiences. You can also offer in-person services as a translator for hotel guests in need of an interpreter for tours, business meetings or social engagements.

Photographer

Photographers in the travel space are skilled at capturing the best or most interesting attributes of a destination, its people and its culture. Photography is an exciting profession for those who have mastered the makings of a great shot from angles to lighting and have the equipment, flexibility and adventurous spirit to deliver wonder and a sense of the world through images. Travel photography is not limited to one style or category. It is a field with many different specialties . The key is aligning your passion and talent with opportunities in the marketplace, such as photography for marketing materials, web content or selling your images as prints. An attention-worthy digital portfolio , a social media presence and positive reviews are all key drivers of photography business success.

Local cooking classes

Love to cook and get rave reviews for your culinary skills? Know some recipes that capture the flavors of your hometown, city or region? Why not consider hosting cooking classes marketed to travelers and visitors looking for something special and authentic to do during their adventure? Culinary tourism is on the rise as more and more people crave travel that exposes them to exciting food and drink experiences. An off-the-beaten-track invitation to participate in preparing local flavors in the comfort of a home kitchen is a very intimate, special and unique opportunity. Offer a menu of local favorites while sharing stories and anecdotes that captivate. Make sure to know and fulfill any licensing requirements that exist in your town.

Vehicle rental

The current automotive shortage has trickled down to rental cars, with lack of availability amid increased demand driving up prices considerably. With no sign of the shortage abating, those with a spare set of wheels can be of great value to out-of-town travelers in need of a way to get around. You can establish your own rental business, adding the vehicles of nearby friends and neighbors to your fleet, but you’ll want to first test-drive the idea through one of the popular peer-to-peer platforms already up and running, like Turo and Getaround . These apps have the ability to pre-screen applicants to weed out those with a record of past major accidents or frequent violations and also protect car owners with a $1 million insurance policy—all important elements to consider and have in place.

Souvenir shop

Travelers rarely return home without bearing gifts for others and something for themselves to remember their travels. In fact, the souvenir and novelty market is expected to grow by nearly $12 billion between 2021 and 2025. Sadly, the reality is that touristy gift shops are a dime a dozen, turning out factory-made T-shirts and trinkets and lacking the authenticity that many travelers seek. If you live in an area rich in history and culture and have experience in sales, explore the possibility of opening up a gift shop featuring and supporting local artisans. Sourcing items can be a challenge; however, Etsy is a great platform for identifying creators who live in your area and may have crafts and wares with a wow factor. Local restaurants with their own lines of bottled or packaged foods are another good area to explore.

Travel concierge service

If you are well-traveled, highly resourceful, well-connected and hyper-focused on life’s little details, you can put your knowledge and skills to good use as a personal or corporate travel concierge. A travel concierge attends to every aspect of their clients’ travels, from arranging transportation and dining reservations to accessing premium event tickets and booking tours, attractions and unique experiences. A background in tourism or hospitality can be a plus, as is niche expertise in a particular city or region. For instance, establishing yourself as an expert in all things Paris or focusing on tours for wine enthusiasts can help make you more marketable and focus your marketing efforts accordingly. The key to success is to make travel smooth, safe, memorable and authentic for your clients and elicit positive reviews through word-of-mouth and on well-trafficked travel sites and social media groups.

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Hospitality and Tourism Management Major

White Lodging-J.W. Marriott, Jr. School of Hospitality and Tourism Management

Consistently ranked as one of the leading hospitality and tourism management programs, both globally and nationally, Purdue’s hospitality and tourism management program will immerse you in the fast-paced hospitality industry and prepare you to work in a variety of management positions. Hospitality is internationally relevant and a powerful economic driver, and Purdue’s hospitality and tourism management major equips you with valuable skills to create memorable experiences for consumers.

Coursework is challenging and relevant to today’s workforce needs, and you’ll learn from faculty who bring years of industry experience into the classroom. To prepare you to be a well-rounded hospitality business professional, courses explore accounting, marketing, lodging, food service, tourism, human resource management, law and more. The major also offers a strong foundation of management classes. Additionally, the program’s hands-on learning experiences will prepare you to work in any facet of the industry, from food service to lodging to tourism and beyond. You’ll also participate in a 320-hour hospitality and tourism management paid internship that aligns with your professional career goals. 

Through a tremendous partnership with White Lodging — a relationship that is unique to Purdue — students are also provided with opportunities and support from a leading hospitality company that is second to none. The White Lodging LAUNCH Hospitality Immersion Program provides hospitality and tourism students the opportunity to work on campus at the Union Club Hotel , part of Marriott’s Autograph Collection of brands. These world-class facilities provide an exceptional learning laboratory for students, and is the only luxury student-run hotel of its kind.

Career Opportunities

Students who majored in hospitality and tourism management have a 98% job placement rate, finding successful careers at Amazon, Disney, Hilton Hotels and Resorts, Marriott International, White Lodging Services, and more. The following are notable career paths for hospitality and tourism management majors:

• Account executive
• Airline operations manager
• Catering director
• Convention/event planner
• Corporate recruiter
• Corporate travel manager
• Country club manager
• Director, convention and visitors bureaus
• Entrepreneur
• Events services manager
• Event planner
• Facilities manager (casino, healthcare, resort, sports venue, etc.)
• Food and beverage director
• Food service manager
• Hotel general manager
• Hotel operations director
• Human resources recruiter
• Marketing associate
• Product/equipment supplier
• Property manager
• Reservations coordinator
• Restaurant designer
• Restaurant owner/manager
• Revenue manager
• Sales representative
• Travel agency manager

Career Resources

• The  HTM Career Center  provides career planning services and coordinates more than 700 interviews each year.
• HTM Career Day  brings representatives from the industry to campus each fall for a career fair, keynote address and reception for employers and students.
• The  Center for Career Opportunities offers additional career fairs and assistance.
• The Certificate in Entrepreneurship and Innovation can complement your hospitality and tourism management degree without the need to take additional credits.

Learning Experiences

• Connect all your hospitality and tourism management knowledge in the capstone course as you build your own hospitality business with a team of classmates.
• Complete two mandatory  paid internships .
• Immerse yourself in a world-class hotel learning experience right on campus at the Union Club Hotel when participating in White Lodging’s LAUNCH Hospitality Immersion Program . 
• Train in the school’s two  restaurants : the John Purdue Room (fine dining) and the Boiler Bistro (quick service).
• Complete an optional six-month paid internship at a Shangri-La Hotel in China, or  study abroad  at various destinations around the world.
• Join  HTM student organizations that are mentored by our award-winning faculty, including the HTM Society, which organizes the annual  Black Tie Dinner fundraising event.
• Enhance your plan of study by completing the event and meeting management minor or a certificate in the White Lodging-J.W. Marriott, Jr. School of Hospitality and Tourism Management.
• Participate in research activities to explore of a variety of topics within hospitality and tourism management.

Program Quick Facts

Degree Type: Bachelor’s

Location: West Lafayette

Department/School: White Lodging-J.W. Marriott, Jr. School of Hospitality and Tourism Management

Concentrations

Environmental Sustainability

The optional environmental sustainability concentration examines issues related to sustainability in the hospitality and tourism industry. Courses cover sustainable tourism and responsible travel, environmental ethics, environmental policy and more.

Hospitality Facilities Design and Management

The optional hospitality facilities design and management concentration allows you to focus on the systems, technology and architectural components of the hospitality industry. Courses cover mechanical and electrical systems, technology systems, construction management, facility design, project management and more.

Marketing and Sales

The optional marketing and sales concentration is designed for individuals interested in the process of generating revenue for hospitality and tourism businesses. Courses cover public relations, advertising, relationship selling, marketing, consumer behavior and more.

The optional finance concentration allows you to gain in-depth knowledge of managing financial affairs and financial decision-making in the business world. Courses cover investment management, corporate finance, international finance and more.

“Growing up as a part of a military family, I have moved many times. When it came time to select a university, I was living in Germany and had no idea where I wanted to go, but I knew I wanted to become an event management professional. After doing my research, I chose Purdue because of its highly esteemed HTM program!” — Claire

Hometown:  Fayetteville, North Carolina Major:   Hospitality & Tourism Management   Why Purdue:  Growing up as a part of a military family, I have moved many times. When it came time to select a university, I was living in Germany and had no idea where I wanted to go, but I knew I wanted to become an event management professional. After doing my research, I chose Purdue because of its highly esteemed HTM program! Favorite Place at Purdue:  My favorite place at Purdue is either the Marriott atrium or Mackey Arena. So many fun memories in both of those locations! Advice for an Incoming Freshman:  Don’t be afraid to change! College is all about finally having the chance to become someone you’ve always wanted to be. Seek out exciting opportunities to learn and grow, and trust me, these four years go by so fast, and you don’t want to waste a minute of it! I’m the president of HTM Society’s   Black Tie Dinner , if you have questions about anything please contact  [email protected] . Instagram:  @purdueblacktie

Other Hospitality and Tourism Management Majors

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16 Chapter 16 Hospitality & Tourism

Richard Parsons; Stephen Skripak; Anastasia Cortes; Anita Walz; and Gary Walton

Learning Objectives

• Understand what tourism is: definition, components, and importance.
• Understand the economic, social and environmental benefits and costs of tourism.
• Define hospitality and the pineapple tradition.
• Identify the types of hotel categories and how they are determined.
• Examine the different categories of food service operations.
• Understand the different types of events, meetings and conventions.

The tourism industry is often cited as the largest industry in the world, contributing 10% of the world’s GDP. In 2016 there were over 1.2 billion international tourists: that’s a substantial economic impact and movement of goods and services! 1 Tourism is also considered an export and is unique in that the consumers come to the product where it is consumed on-site. Before we dig any deeper, let’s explore what the term “tourism” means.

Definition of Tourism

There are a number of ways tourism can be defined. The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) embarked on a project from 2005 to 2007 to create a common glossary of terms for tourism. It defines tourism as follows:

A social, cultural and economic phenomenon which entails the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional purposes. These people are called visitors (which may be either tourists or excursionists; residents or non-residents) and tourism has to do with their activities, some of which imply tourism expenditure. 2

In other words, tourism is the movement of people for a number of purposes (whether business or pleasure). It is important to understand the various groups and constituencies involved in this movement. Of course it includes the tourist, but also the vast array of businesses providing goods and services for the tourist, the government and political structure of a destination, and the local residents of the destination community itself. Each of these components are necessary parts of a successful tourism destination and operate within private and public sectors, the built environment, and the natural environment. All these come together to create the processes, activities, and outcomes of tourism.

If it all seems a little overwhelming, it might be helpful to break tourism down into broad industry groups, each of which will be covered in this chapter:

Accommodation and Lodging

• Food and Beverage Services (F & B)

Recreation and Entertainment

• Convention & Event Management

Travel Services

• Private Clubs

Benefits and Costs of Tourism

Tourism impacts can be grouped into three main categories: economic, social, and environmental. These impacts are analyzed using data gathered by businesses, governments, and industry organizations. Some impacts gain more attention than others. It is also important to recognize that different groups and constituencies are impacted differently.

Economic Impacts of Tourism

The tourism industry has a huge economic impact that continues to expand to new markets and destinations. According to the UNWTO, in 2016 “The total export value from international tourism amounted to US$ 1.5 trillion.” 3  Regions with the highest growth in terms of tourism dollars earned (2016 vs 2015) are Africa, Asia and the Pacific, the Americas Europe. Only the Middle East posted negative growth at the time of the report. As well, the UNWTO’s Tourism 20 3 0 Vision report predicts that international arrivals will reach nearly 1.8 billion by 2030. 4 Figure 16.2 provides additional information about the impact of tourism worldwide.

Positive impacts from this economic boom include robust foreign exchange, increases in income, and GDP growth. Tourism can also offer diverse employment opportunities, can be developed with local products, and is often compatible with other economic activities within a destination. Tourism often injects money into the community that leads to secondary economic development as well. For example, successful resorts may create the need for a commercial laundry facility or a pet boarding business.

However, there are also negative impacts. Property values may increase to the point of unaffordability for local residents, and the seasonality of the tourism industry may create a feast-or-famine economy. As with any economy, if too many resources are focused on just one industry, communities may be vulnerable to any unexpected economic, social, or environmental changes. One example is the New Jersey shore after the devastation of Hurricane Sandy in 2012. The tourism industry was severely impacted, leaving no economic fallback for local residents.

Social Impacts of Tourism

In addition to the economic benefits of tourism development, positive social impacts include an increase in amenities (e.g., parks, recreation facilities), investment in arts, culture, heritage and tradition, celebration of indigenous communities, and community pride. Tourism also has the potential to break down language, socio-cultural, religious, and political barriers. When developed conscientiously, tourism can, and does, contribute to a positive quality of life for residents and promotes a positive image of the destination.

However, as identified by the United Nations Environment Programme, negative social impacts of tourism can include: change or loss of indigenous identity and values; culture clashes; changes in family structure; conflict within the community for the tourism dollar; and ethical issues, including an increase in sex tourism, crime, gambling, and/or the exploitation of child workers. 5

Environmental Impacts of Tourism

Tourism relies on, and greatly impacts, the natural environment in which it operates. In some destinations, there is a great appreciation of the environmental resources as the source of the tourism industry, and as such there are environmental protection policies and plans in place. Tourism has helped to save many delicate ecosystems and their flora and fauna. Preservation of these important resources benefits not only the tourist but also the local residents as well.

Even though many areas of the world are conserved in the form of parks and protected areas, tourism development can still have severe negative economic impacts. According to The United Nations Environment Programme, these can include the depletion of natural resources (water, forests, etc.), pollution (air pollution, noise, sewage, waste and littering), and physical impacts (construction activities, marina development, trampling, loss of biodiversity, and spread of disease). 6

The environmental impacts of tourism can reach beyond local areas and have an effect on the global ecosystem. One example is increased air travel, which is often identified as a major contributor to climate change.

Whether positive or negative, tourism is a force for change around the world, and the industry is transforming at a staggering rate.

The original version of this chapter contained H5P content. This content is not supported in cloned books. You may want to remove or replace this section.

The Hospitality Industry

When looking at tourism it is important to consider the term hospitality. Some define hospitality as “the business of helping people to feel welcome and relaxed and to enjoy themselves.” 7 Simply put, the hospitality industry is the combination of the accommodation and food and beverage groupings, collectively making up the largest segment of the industry.

The pineapple has long been the symbol of hospitality. The Caribs, indigenous people of the Lower Antilles in the Caribbean, first used it as such a symbol. The Spaniards knew they were welcome if a pineapple was placed at the entrance to the village. This symbolism spread across Europe and North America where it became the custom to carve the shape of a pineapple into the columns at the entrance of the plantation. 8 Charles Carter added a three and a half foot wooden pineapple to the peak of the roof at Shirley Plantation, the first plantation in Virginia. 9 It is now common to see the image of the pineapple as a sign of welcome, warmth and hospitality.

The types of employees and resources required to run an accommodation business — whether it be a hotel, motel, or even a campground — are quite similar. All these businesses need staff to check in guests, provide housekeeping, employ maintenance workers, and provide a place for people to sleep. As such, they can be grouped together under the heading of accommodation and lodging . Figure 16.4 summarizes the various groupings within the industry.

Hotel Types

Hotels are typically referred to by hotel type or other classifications. Hotel type is determined primarily by how it will function and what amenities will be included within the property. Size, location, service levels and type of business or targeted market segments are additional classifications. Industry also classifies hotels by chain scale…separating hotels into categories determined by their average daily rates. Various ownership structures and brand affiliations also differentiate hotels.

Classifications

Hotels may be classified on a number of different variables. Type of Hotel : There are numerous classifications by hotel type including all-inclusive hotels, all-suite properties, B&B/Inns, boutique, convention/conference centers, condo hotels, resort, extended stay, full service, casino, limited service and timeshare properties. Size and Complexity: A hotel can be classified by the number of guest rooms it has; hotel sizes can range from a small boutique hotel with fewer than 50 rooms to a large resort hotel with more than 1,000 rooms. The complexity of the hotel is determined by the volume and number of additional revenue generating functions such as the square feet of available conference space, number of F&B operations and additional services and amenities like pools, fitness centers, spas, golf, etc. Location: The location of a hotel can also determine the type of guest served. An airport hotel may be very different from a city-center property in an urban environment, or a remote island resort or a small quaint bed and breakfast located on top of a mountain. Hotels that specialize in conferences, may locate near entertainment destinations like Las Vegas or Disney theme parks to provide pre-post conference activities for attendees. Service Level: The level of service provided is also a key variable, ranging from an inexpensive budget or economy hotel, (Limited or Focused Service Hotels) which may have limited services and amenities, to upscale and luxury hotels (Full Service Hotels) with many services and a wide range of amenities. Market Segmentation: Figure 16.5 on the next page outlines the characteristics of specific hotel types that have evolved to match the needs of a particular traveler segment. As illustrated, hotels adapt and diversify depending on the markets they desire and need to drive occupancy levels and generate revenues. Some hotels will specialize in a specific market segment, but in today’s competitive environment, most hotels will target a combination of these segments.

There are several other industry related organizations, such as Forbes and AAA which provide Consumer Ratings for individual hotels….another form of classifying a property. Forbes has traditionally awarded 1 to 5 “Stars” and AAA, 1 to 5 “Diamond” ratings. Additionally, many social media applications like Trip Advisor offer hotel property ratings to consumers.

Chain Scale: Smith Travel Research (STR) is an organization that provides the lodging industry with global data benchmarking, analytics and marketplace insights. STR classifies the lodging industry into six chain scale segments according to their respective brand Average Daily Rate (ADR). The six segments are defined as Luxury ; Upper Upscale ; Upscale ; Mid-Scale with F&B ( Upper Mid-Scale ); Mid-Scale without F&B ( Mid-Scale ) and Economy . Through STR’s 30 –plus years of service to the hospitality industry, they have developed vital benchmarking performance solutions, established market trend transparency and provided data used by the investment community to support hotel development projects. Their core product, the STAR report, provides hotel owners and operators with comparative performance data between their property and a defined set of market competitors and allows you to follow trends in hotel occupancy, average daily rate (ADR) and revenue per available room (RevPar). Developers, investors, industry analysts, hotel brands and management companies all utilize STR data when determine what type of hotel to build and what location would provide maximum opportunity for success.

The type of ownership, brand affiliation and management are also very important variables in the classification of hotels. Owners may manage their own hotels independently but in today’s competitive environment, they would likely sign a Franchise Agreement with a nationally recognized brand as well as a Management Contract with a hotel management company to manage the property. A hotel chain such as Marriott, Hilton, Hyatt or IHG (Intercontinental Hotel Group) is comprised of multiple brands: Marriott, following their recent merger with Starwood currently has 30 different hotel brands, with each name representing a different level of price, service or targeted market segments.

Branding Decision

Selecting a brand affiliation is one of the most significant decisions hotel owners must make. 10 The brand affiliation selected will largely determine the cost of hotel development or conversion of an existing property to meet the standards of the new brand. The affiliation will also determine a number of things about the ongoing operation including the level of services and amenities offered, cost of operation, marketing opportunities or restrictions, and the competitive position in the marketplace. For these reasons, owners typically consider several branding options before choosing to operate independently or to adopt a brand affiliation.

Franchise Agreements

Another managerial and ownership structure is franchising. A hotel franchise enables individuals or investment companies (the franchisee) to build or purchase a hotel and then buy or lease a brand name to become part of a chain of hotels using the franchisor’s hotel brand, image, loyalty program, goodwill, procedures, cost controls, marketing, and reservations systems. 11

A franchisee becomes part of a network of properties that use a central reservations system with access to electronic distribution channels, regional and national marketing programs, central purchasing, revenue management support, and brand operating standards. A franchisee also receives training, support, and advice from the franchisor and must adhere to regular inspections, audits, and reporting requirements.

Selecting a franchise structure may reduce investment risk by enabling the franchisee to associate with an established hotel company. Franchise fees can be substantial, and a franchisee must be willing to adhere to the contractual obligations with the franchisor. 12 Franchise fees typically include an initial fee paid with the franchise application and continuing fees paid during the term of the agreement. These fees are usually a percentage of revenue but can be set at a fixed fee. The total percentage of sales ranges significantly for hotels from 3.3% – 14.7% with a median of 11.8%. 13

Management Contracts

It is common for ownership to utilize a management contract , which is a service offered by a management company to manage a hotel or resort for its owners. Owners have two main options for the structure of a management contract. One is to enter into a management agreement with an independent third-party hotel management company to manage the hotel. There are hundreds of these companies, but some of the large organizations include Aimbridge, Benchmark Hospitality, Crescent Hotels, Interstate Hotels, and White Lodging. A slightly different option is for owners to select a single company to provide both the brand and the expertise to manage the property. Marriott, Hilton, and Hyatt, are companies that provide this second option to owners.

Food and Beverage Services

The food and beverage sector is commonly known to industry professionals by its initials F&B. The F&B sector grew from simple origins to meet the basic needs for food and beverage services to increasing demand for unique experiences and broader options. As the interests of the public became more diverse, so too did the offerings of the F&B sector. The increasing awareness and demand for organic, sustainable, local or craft options as well as special dietary needs in food and beverage continue to challenge this industry. In addition, in order to better attract and serve a diverse array of diners, the F&B industry now consists of a variety of segments. The following is a discussion of each.

Quick Service Restaurants

Formerly known as fast-food restaurants, examples of  quick-service restaurants , or QSRs, include Chick-fil-A, Subway, and Pizza Hut. This prominent portion of the food sector generally caters to both residents and visitors, and it is represented in areas that are conveniently accessed by both. Brands, chains, and franchises dominate the QSR landscape. While the sector has made steps to move away from the traditional “fast-food” image and style of service, it is still dominated by both fast food and food fast; in other words, food that is purchased and prepared quickly, and generally consumed quickly as well.

Fast Casual Restaurants

Fast Casual restaurants focus on higher quality ingredients than QSR’s and provide made-to-order food in an environment that does not include table service. Customers usually queue and order at a counter. The seating area is more upscale and comfortable. Examples would include Chipotle Mexican Grill, Panera and Jason’s Deli.

Full-Service Restaurants

Full-service restaurants  are perhaps the most fluid of the F&B operation types, adjusting and changing to the demands of the marketplace. Consumer expectations are higher here than with QSRs. 14 The menus offered are varied, but in general reflect the image of the restaurant or consumer’s desired experience. Major segments include fine dining, family/casual, ethnic, and upscale casual. Fine dining  restaurants are characterized by highly trained chefs preparing complex food items, exquisitely presented. Meals are brought to the table by experienced servers with sound food and beverage knowledge in an upscale atmosphere with table linens, fine china, crystal stemware, and silver-plate cutlery. The table is often embellished with fresh flowers and candles. In these businesses, the average check, which is the total sales divided by number of guests served, is quite high (often reviewed with the cost symbols of three or four dollar signs: $$ \$\$\$ or \$\$\$\$ $$.) Examples include the Inn at Little Washington, Ruth’s Chris Steakhouse and Capitol Grille.

Casual restaurants serve moderately-priced to upscale food in a more casual atmosphere. Casual dining comprises a market segment between fast casual establishments and fine dining restaurants. Casual dining restaurants often have a full bar with separate bar staff, a larger beer menu and a limited wine menu. This segment is full of chains such as Chili’s, Outback, Red Robin and Cracker Barrel as well as many independent restaurants in regional or local markets.

Family restaurants  offer affordable menu items that span a variety of customer tastes. They also have the operational flexibility in menu and restaurant layout to welcome large groups of diners. An analysis of menus in family/casual restaurants reveals a high degree of operational techniques such as menu item cross-utilization, where a few key ingredients are repurposed in several ways. Both chain and independent restaurant operators flourish in this sector. Examples of chains in this category would be Golden Corral, Cici’s Pizza and Ponderosa Steakhouse.

Ethnic restaurants  typically reflect the owner’s cultural identity, Vietnamese, Cuban, Thai, etc. The growth and changing nature of this sector reflects the acceptance of various ethnic foods within our communities. Ethnic restaurants generally evolve along two routes: toward remaining authentic to the cuisine of the country of origin or toward larger market acceptance through modifying menu items. 15 Examples would be P.F. Chang’s, Tara Thai or Pei Wei.

Bars, Wineries, and Craft Distilling

The beverage industry continues to evolve as well with a strong focus on local craft beers, wines, cider and distilling. Wineries exist in almost every state, with over 250 in Virginia as of 2015. 16 Wine, bourbon, cider trails and brew pub crawls, etc. are used to generate awareness and create experiences for customers. Wineries often use event space or festivals to take advantage of the beauty of the winery and supplement their revenues.

Institutional Food Service

Institutional f ood s ervice is large scale and often connected to governmental (National Parks) or corporate level organizations. Often run under a predetermined contract, the institutional F&B sector includes:

• Educational institutions
• Prisons and other detention facilities
• Corporate staff cafeterias
• National Park restaurants and concessions
• Cruise ships
• Airports and other transportation terminals and operations

Examples of companies who focus on Institutional Food Service are Compass, Sodexho, Aramark.

Accommodation Food Service

This sector includes hotel restaurants and bars, room service, and self-serve dining operations (such as a breakfast room).  Hotel restaurants are usually open to the public and reliant on this public patronage in addition to business from hotel guests. Collaborations between hotel and restaurant chains have seen reliable pairings such as the combination of Shula’s Steakhouse and Marriott Hotels.

Restaurant Industry Profitability and Cost Control

According to the National Restaurant Association, QSRs have the highest pre-tax profit margin at 6.3%, while full-service restaurants have a margin of 4.7%. There will be significant variances from these percentages at individual locations, even within the same brand. 17

A number of costs influence the profitability of an F&B operation. Some of the key operating expenses (as a percentage of revenue) are detailed in Figure 16.16, above, where food cost and salaries & wages are the two major expenses, each accounting for approximately a third of the total. Other expenses include rental and leasing of venue, utilities, advertising, and depreciation of assets. These percentages represent averages, and will vary greatly by sector and location.

Cost control and containment is essential for all F&B businesses. Demanding particular attention are the labor, food, and beverage costs, also known as the operator’s primary costs. In addition to these big ticket items, there is the cost of reusable operating supplies such as cutlery, glassware, china, and linen in full-service restaurants.

Recreation can be defined as the pursuit of leisure activities during one’s spare time 19 and can include vastly different activities such as golfing, sport fishing, and rock climbing. Defining recreation as it pertains to tourism, however, is more challenging.

Let’s start by exploring some recreation-based terms that are common in the tourism industry. Outdoor recreation can be defined as “outdoor activities that take place in a natural setting, as opposed to a highly cultivated or managed landscape such as a playing field or golf course.” 20   This term is typically applied to outdoor activities in which individuals engage close to their community. When these activities are further away, and people must travel some distance to participate in them, they are often described as “adventure tourism”. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), adventure tourism is “a trip that includes at least two of the following three elements: physical activity, natural environment, and cultural immersion.” 21

Ultimately, categorization is based on a combination of several factors, including manner of engagement in the activity (risk exposure, experience requirement, group or solo activity), the distance travelled to access the activity, and the type of environment (proximity to nature, level of challenge involved) in which the activity occurs.

A 2013 adventure tourism market study discovered that people who travel for adventure experiences tend to be well-educated, with 48% holding a four-year degree or higher credential. They value natural beauty and rank this factor highest when choosing a destination. The most cited reasons for their travel are “relaxation, exploring new places, time with family, and learning about different cultures.” 22

Globally, it is estimated that the continents of Europe, North America, and South America account for 70% of adventure tourism, or US$263 billion in adventure travel spending. 23

Entertainment

Entertainment is a very broad category which overlaps with many of the areas discussed elsewhere in this chapter, like hotels and accommodation. Two major types of entertainment that we’ll discuss here are gaming and theme parks.

Gaming has grown significantly in the U.S. and globally. The number of casinos in the U.S. has been growing since 2010, and in 2013, there were over 500 commercial casinos, as shown in Figure 16.16. Casinos are found all over the U.S. in major cities, riverboats, and on Native American lands. However, U.S. casino revenue has been relatively flat, while global gaming revenues have been on the increase, largely due to Asian market growth. Most casinos involve other facets of the Hospitality industry such as lodging, F&B, golf, entertainment, spas, etc., but they also have the added challenges of casino operations.

Theme Parks

Theme parks have a long history dating back to the 1500’s in Europe, and have evolved ever since. Today, it is hard not to compare any amusement park destination to Disneyland and Disney World. Opened in 1955 in sunny California, Disneyland set the standard for theme parks. Theme parks outside of California and Florida are often highly seasonable operations challenged with significant staffing and training requirements each year.

Convention and Event Management

A convention is a large meeting of people with similar interests who meet for a period of at least a few days to discuss their field. An  event  is a gathering at a given place and time, usually of some importance, often celebrating or commemorating a special occasion.

Both conventions and events can be extremely complex projects, which is why, over time, the role of meeting planners has taken on greater importance. The development of education, training programs, and professional designations such as CMPs (Certified Meeting Planners), CSEP (Certified Special Events Professional), and CMM (Certificate in Meeting Management) has led to increased credibility in this business and demonstrates the importance of the sector to the economy.

Meeting planners may be independent contractors hired to facilitate the planning process, work directly for the company full time to coordinate their meeting, or work for hotels, conference centers and event venues directly.

• The various tasks involved in meeting and event planning include:
• Conceptualizing/theming
• Site inspection & selection
• Logistics and planning
• Human resource management
• Marketing and public relations
• Budgeting and financial management
• Sponsorship procurement
• Management and evaluation

Event Categories

Mega events.

A m ega-event is a large scale, highly prestigious event such as the Olympic Games, the FIFA World Cup, or a global economic summit. These events typically gain tremendous media coverage and have major economic impacts on the host location, both positive and negative. High levels of tourism (1 million+ visitors) associated with a mega-event brings revenue, but the revenue may be outweighed by substantial capital and social costs incurred by the host. The events are often awarded to host destinations through a bidding process and gain tremendous media coverage.

Special Events

A special event is a one-time or infrequent specific ritual, presentation, performance, or celebration. Special events are planned and created to mark a special occasion, such as a presidential inauguration or the Queen of England’s 90 th birthday. Like mega-events, there may be significant media coverage and economic impact for the host city or destination.

Hallmark Event

A hallmark event is a unique event that is often identified with the location where it is held, like Carnival in Rio de Janeiro or Oktoberfest in Munich. Hallmark events contribute significant economic benefits and even can create a competitive advantage for the host city or destination that attracts tourists.

A festival is a themed public celebration that conveys, through a kaleidoscope of activities, certain meaning to participants and spectators. Festivals are often celebrations of community or culture and feature music, dance, or dramatic performances. Examples include Lollapalooza, the Cannes Film Festival, and Junkanoo in the Bahamas.

Local Community Events

A local community event is generated by and for locals; although it may attract tourists, its main audience is the local community. The community may experience measurable economic impacts, as might happen at The Steppin’ Out Street Fair in Blacksburg (think hotel stays and eating out). Fundraisers and community picnics are also examples in this category.

Meetings and Conventions

The tourism industry also has a long history of creating, hosting, and promoting meetings and conventions that draw business travelers. In fact, Convention and Visitor Bureau’s (CVB’s) work hard to attract these meetings and conventions to their city to drive economic benefit for hotels, restaurants, entertainment venues, etc.

There are several types of such events.

Conventions  generally have very large attendance, and are held on a regular schedule but in different locations. They also often require a bidding process.  Political conventions are one such example.

Association M eetings or C onferences are held regionally and nationally for hundreds of associations or events focused on specific themes. Examples would be the National Restaurant Association Annual Convention, ComicCon, or the National Auto Show.

Corporate M eetings will vary significantly in size and purpose and include regional or national sales meetings, shareholder meetings, training sessions, or celebrations. The location will vary depending on the nature of the meeting. They may be held at an airport property, a traditional corporate meeting facility or even an upscale resort.

Trade S hows and T rade F airs  can be stand-alone events, or adjoin a convention or conference.

S eminars , W orkshops , and R etreats are examples of smaller-scale events.

As meeting planners have become more creative, meeting and convention delegates have been more demanding about meeting sites. No longer are hotel meeting rooms and convention centers the only type of location used; non-traditional venues have adapted and become competitive in offering services for meeting planners. These include architectural spaces such as airplane hangars, warehouses, or rooftops and experiential venues such as aquariums, museums, and galleries. 24

Transportation and travel services are another large element of the tourism industry. This area includes cruise ships, airlines, rail, car rentals, and even ride sharing such as Uber and Lyft. Each of these segments is impacted significantly by fuel costs, safety issues, load factors and government regulation.

If you’ve ever been on a cruise, you are in good company. According to CLIA (Cruise Lines International Association), 23 million passengers were expected to go on a cruise worldwide on 62 member lines in 2015. 25 The industry employs over 900,000 people. 26

Over 55% of the world’s cruise passengers are from North America, and the leading destinations (based on ship deployments), according to CLIA are: 27

• The Caribbean (36%)
• The Mediterranean (20%)
• Northern Europe (11%)
• Australia/New Zealand (6%)
• Alaska (6%)
• South America (3%)

The t ravel services sector is made up of a complex web of relationships between a variety of suppliers, tourism products, destination marketing organizations, tour operators, and travel agents, among many others. Under the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), the travel services industry group includes “establishments primarily engaged in travel arrangement and reservation services. Examples … are tourist and travel agencies; travel tour operators and wholesale operators; convention and visitors’ bureaus; airline, bus, railroad and steamship ticket offices; sports and theatrical ticket offices; and airline, hotel and restaurant reservation offices.” 28 Tourism services support industry development and the delivery of guest experiences.

Travel Agencies

A travel agency is a business that operates as the intermediary between the travel industry (supplier) and the traveler (purchaser). Part of the role of the travel agency is to market prepackaged travel tours and holidays to potential travelers. The agency can further function as a broker between the traveler and hotels, car rentals, and tour companies. 29 Travel agencies can be small and privately owned or part of a larger entity.

Online travel agencies (OTAs)

Online travel agents (OTAs) are companies that aggregate accommodations and transportation options and allow users to choose one or many components of their trip based on price or other incentives. Examples of OTAs include Booking.com, Expedia.com, Hotwire.com, and Kayak.com. OTAs are gaining popularity with the travelling public; in 2012, they reported online sales of almost $100 billion 30 and almost triple that figure, upward of $278 billion, in 2013. 31 Over 40% of U.S. travelers booked flights online in 2014. 32

Tour operators

A tour operator packages all or most of the components of an offered trip and then sells them to the traveler. These packages can also be sold through retail outlets or travel agencies. 33 Tour operators work closely with hotels, transportation providers, and attractions in order to purchase large volumes of each component and package these at a better rate than the traveler could by purchasing individually.

Destination marketing organizations (DMOs)

Destination marketing organizations (DMOs) include national tourism boards, state/provincial tourism offices, and community convention and visitor bureaus around the world. DMOs promote “the long-term development and marketing of a destination, focusing on convention sales, tourism marketing and service” 34 .

Country Clubs

Country c lubs are another part of the Hospitality industry with a very different service strategy focusing on serving members who will develop relationships with the staff compared to a more transactional service interaction in lodging, restaurants or airlines.

Country clubs do not focus as strongly on profit as they do on maximizing member satisfaction, retention and growth while maintaining an attractive fee structure. Country (or city) clubs, will typically have restaurant and bar operations, catered events and other amenities such as golf, tennis, pool, fitness facilities, etc. Depending on the type of club, family and youth events are important to maintain and grow membership.

Strong customer service, culinary, event management and general management skills are necessary to be successful in clubs.

Chapter Video

As in any other fast-moving industry, the landscape in Hospitality and Tourism is always changing. This video explores 10 of the more important current trends impacting the industry.

(Copyrighted material)

Key Takeaways

• The Tourism industry is the largest industry in the world with significant benefit and costs to a region. The global competition for the tourism dollar is significant within the US and between countries.
• Hotels vary significantly in size, quality, purpose, chain affiliation, and ownership. The complexity of the operation and leadership vary as well.
• Food and Beverage is made up of a wide variety of restaurant types from QSR, Fast Casual, Fine Dining and Ethnic. Institutional food service in business , hospitals, education, parks and concessions are a significant part of the Food and Beverage industry.
• The evolution of tastes and consumer expectations in food and beverage continue to provide opportunity and challenges in the industry for ethnic sustainable, organic, local, craft, and other unique experiences.

Chapter 16 References and Image Credits

Portions of this chapter were adapted from Westcott, Morgan (Ed)  Introduction to Tourism and Hospitality in BC.  CC BY 4.0  https://opentextbc.ca/introtourism  Available for free at:  http://open.bccampus.ca

Image Credits: Chapter 16

Figure 16.1: JackMac34 (2015). “Untitled.” Public domain. Retrieved from: https://pixabay.com/en/italy-burano-postcards-971575/

Figure 16.2: “The Impact of Global Tourism.” (2016) Data retrieved from: http://www2.unwto.org/content/why-tourism

Figure 16.3: Yellowute (2007). “Shirley Plantation.” Public domain. Retrieved from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shirley_Plantation_2006.jpg

Figure 16.6 “Example of a Hotel Market segmentation by STR’s chain scale” Author’s own work. Licensed CC BY 4.0 .

Figure 16.7: Christina Hsu (2009). “San Diego City and Bay at Night.” CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 . Retrieved from: https://flic.kr/p/6KZ5Cv

Figure 16.8: Anastasia Cortes (2016). “The Inn at Virginia Tech.” Public domain. Provided by author.

Figure 16.9: Dale Cruse (2014). “New Zealand langoustines at Troquet.” CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 . Retrieved from: https://www.flickr.com/photos/dalecruse/8551895022/

Figure 16.10: Imzadi1979 (2012). “An example of a typical American logo sign.” Public domain photograph. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logo_sign#/media/File:Logo_Sign.svg

Figure 16.11: J. Winters (2008) “A Red Robin Restaurant in Tukwila, Washington.” Public domain photograph. Retrieved from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Red_Robin_in_Tukwila,_Washington.jpg

Figure 16.12: “Le Procope.” © Michael Rys. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 . Retrieved from: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restaurant#/media/File%3AInside_Le_Procope.jpg

Figure 16.13 “The restaurant industry career path” Author’s own work. Licensed CC BY 4.0 .

Figure 16 .15 : JohnSM (2013). “Rafting in Turkey.” Public domain. Retrieved from: https://pixabay.com/en/rafting-turkey-travel-1125213/

Figure 16 .16 : Graph data sources: Statista (2016). “ Number of commercial casinos in the United States from 2005 to 2013.” Retrieved from: http://www.statista.com/statistics/187972/number-of-us-commercial-casinos-since-2005/ and “ Global casino gaming revenue from 2006 to 2015 (in billion U.S. dollars).” Retrieved from: http://www.statista.com/statistics/271577/global-casino-gaming-market-revenue/ and “ U.S. casino gaming market revenue from 2004 to 2015 (in billion U.S. dollars) .” Retrieved from: http://www.statista.com/statistics/271583/casino-gaming-market-in-the-us/

Figure 16 .17 : Josh Hallett (2009). “ The ‘Big Bang’ at Wishes – Magic Kingdom – Walt Disney World .” CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 . Retrieved from: https://www.flickr.com/photos/hyku/3830182777

Figure 16.18: Peter23 (2011). “Beijing National Stadium.” CC BY- SA 3.0 . Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Stadium#/media/File:Beijing_national_stadium.jpg

Figure 16.19 : Skeeze (2014). “Mardi Gras in New Orleans.” Public domain. Retrieved from: https://pixabay.com/en/mardi-gras-new-orleans-festival-1176483/

Figure 16 . 20 : Roger W. (2012). “ Charlotte Amalie – Panorama (Postcard) ” CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 . Retrieved from: https://www.flickr.com/photos/24736216@N07/7170231567

Figure 16 . 21 : Dan Perry (2006). “Riviera Country Club in Pacific Palisades, California.” CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 . Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_club#/media/File:Riviera_Country_Club,_Golf_Course_in_Pacific_Palisades,_California_(168828797).jpg

Video Credits: Chapter 16

Sisyanti, Ling Ling, Wasim Amsal,Ella Qiu, and Rebecca Catherine Stephany. “10 trends in Hospitality and Tourism Industry.” February 6, 2015. Retrieved from:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SJ8Momwv7Qk 

References: Chapter 16

Chapter 16 Hospitality & Tourism Copyright © 2018 by Richard Parsons; Stephen Skripak; Anastasia Cortes; Anita Walz; and Gary Walton is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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