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Where Americans Can Travel in Asia — A Country-by-country Guide

A current list of where U.S. travelers can visit in Asia and what to know before going.

Countries all around the world are opening to tourism, and while some in Asia have been slightly slower than others, many are starting to open up and dropping pandemic-related travel restrictions. 

Travelers can eat their way across Thailand , which has eliminated all COVID-19-related travel restrictions, relax on the gorgeous beaches in Bali or the Maldives , step into history in Vietnam , and even explore the bustling cities in Japan, which is welcoming independent travelers in October.

However, while many countries continue to roll back restrictions, some have implemented strict testing and contact tracing efforts for tourists.

These are the countries in Asia that welcome American travelers, and the rules visitors need to know before going.

Bangladesh welcomes American travelers, according to the U.S. Embassy in Bangladesh . Fully vaccinated travelers are exempt from pre-arrival testing, while unvaccinated travelers must show proof of a negative COVID-19 PCR test taken within 72 hours of their departure. Children under 12 are exempt from testing.

All travelers must complete a Passenger Health Declaration Form within three days of arrival in the country.

Bhutan has opened to tourists without quarantine and does not require proof of vaccination to visit, according to the Tourism Council of Bhutan . Travelers 12 and older may be subject to random PCR testing upon arrival. 

Bhutan charges a $200 daily tourism tax, which it calls a Sustainable Development Fee (SDF) that is intended to fund social programs, infrastructure, and environmental protections.

This small Southeast Asian country welcomes travelers and does not require them to be vaccinated or get tested before coming, according to the government .

Travelers must have proof of travel medical insurance that includes COVID-19 coverage of at least BND $20,000 (about $14,042 USD).

Cambodia welcomes both vaccinated and unvaccinated travelers without the need to get tested before coming, according to the U.S. Embassy in Cambodia . The country has also reopened its visa on arrival program.

Unvaccinated travelers must undergo a rapid antigen test upon arrival, according to the government and costs $5 USD.

Most of China remains closed to tourism, but Hong Kong recently eliminated its mandatory 3-day hotel quarantine and eased testing rules, now requiring travelers to be vaccinated and undergo a rapid antigen test 24 hours before their departure, according to the Hong Kong Tourism Board . Travelers must also undergo a PCR test on day 2, day 4, and day 6 after their arrival as well as undergo a rapid antigen test each day for seven days.

In lieu of the hotel quarantine, travelers must self monitor for symptoms for three days. They will be able to go outside during this time but restricted from certain places like bars and restaurants.

India started allowing regularly scheduled international commercial flights to resume flying to the country in March. All travelers to India must show either proof of vaccination or proof of a negative COVID-19 PCR test taken within 72 hours of their trip, according to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare . 

Travelers must also complete a self-declaration form online before traveling.

Indonesia has opened to vaccinated tourists, according to the U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Indonesia .

Additionally, vaccinated domestic travelers must either show proof of a booster shot, proof of a negative rapid antigen test taken within 24 hours of traveling, or proof of a negative PCR test taken within 72 hours of traveling to travel within Indonesia.

Japan first reopened to escorted group tourism in June, but plans to welcome independent travelers once again in October. Travelers will be required to show proof of vaccination and a booster or show proof of a negative COVID-19 test taken within 72 hours of their departure to enter, according to the Japan National Tourism Organization .

Laos has opened to tourists and allows both vaccinated and unvaccinated travelers, according to the International Air Transport Association’s destination tracker. Vaccinated travelers are exempt from testing, while unvaccinated travelers must show proof of a negative COVID-19 rapid antigen test taken within 48 hours of their departure. Travelers under 12 are exempt.

Malaysia lifted all COVID-19-related entry requirements on Aug. 1, according to the U.S. Embassy in Malaysia .

The Maldives welcomes travelers from all over the world, including the U.S., and does not require visitors to get tested before coming, according to the government . All arriving and departing passengers must complete a Traveler Declaration form within 96 hours of their flight.

Myanmar allows travelers to enter the country on commercial flights, according to the U.S. Embassy in Burma . Travelers must show either proof of vaccination and proof of a negative rapid test taken within 48 hours of their arrival, or proof of a negative PCR test taken no more than 48 hours before their arrival if the traveler is unvaccinated. Children under 12 are exempt.

Travelers must also purchase COVID-19 medical insurance from Myanma Insurance.

Travelers are allowed to enter Mongolia without any pre-arrival testing or quarantine measures in place, regardless of their vaccination status,  according to the U.S. Embassy in Mongolia . Travelers must fill out a medical declaration form upon arrival at the border checkpoints.

Nepal welcomes travelers and offers visas on arrival, regardless of vaccination status, according to the U.S. Embassy in Nepal . Arriving travelers must show proof of full vaccination or proof of a negative COVID-19 PCR or NAAT test taken within 72 hours of their departure.

Philippines

The Philippines welcomes vaccinated travelers, including from the U.S., and requires them to either show proof of having received a booster dose, according to the government, or show proof of a negative PCR test taken within 48 hours of their departure or proof of a negative laboratory-based antigen test taken within 24 hours of their departure.

Children under 12 traveling with their fully-vaccinated parents are exempt from the vaccination requirement.

Singapore welcomes all travelers, regardless of their vaccination status, according to the Singapore Tourism Board . Vaccinated travelers (and unvaccinated children under 12) are exempt from all pre-departure tests, on-arrival tests, quarantine, and entry approvals. Unvaccinated visitors 12 and older must arrive with proof of a PCR or rapid antigen test taken within two days of their departure and have travel insurance that covers COVID-19 with at least $30,000 of medical coverage.

Travelers must download the TraceTogether app. Three days before their departure, travelers must submit an SG Arrival Card and e-health declaration through the Immigration & Checkpoints Authority (ICA) website.

South Korea

South Korea welcomes American tourists without quarantine, regardless of their vaccination status. Travelers no longer have to undergo any pre-departure or on-arrival testing, according to the Korea Tourism Organization. 

Sri Lanka allows fully vaccinated travelers to enter the country quarantine-free and without any pre-arrival testing, according to the U.S. Embassy in Sri Lanka 404. 

Unvaccinated travelers can also be exempt from quarantine, but must show proof of a negative PCR test taken within 72 hours of their trip or a negative rapid antigen test taken within 48 hours of their trip, according to the tourism site 403. Children under 12 are exempt from testing.

Thailand has eliminated all pandemic-related entry requirements, welcoming all international travelers, including from the U.S., according to the Tourism Authority of Thailand . Travelers no longer need to show proof of vaccination or proof of any testing to enter.

Vietnam welcomes travelers to the country and no longer requires them to arrive with a pre-departure COVID-19 test, according to the Vietnam National Administration of Tourism . Travelers must purchase medical or travel insurance that covers COVID-19 with a minimum coverage of $10,000.

Alison Fox is a contributing writer for Travel + Leisure. When she's not in New York City, she likes to spend her time at the beach or exploring new destinations and hopes to visit every country in the world. Follow her adventures on Instagram .

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Table of Contents

Domestic travel for unvaccinated travelers

International travel for unvaccinated travelers, final thoughts on traveling without a covid vaccine.

Between constantly changing entry requirements, mandated quarantines, testing rules and vaccine provisions, traveling during the COVID-19 pandemic isn’t easy. If you’re not vaccinated, it's even harder. Some countries flat-out don’t admit unvaccinated travelers, while others require a mandatory quarantine and extra tests.

If you plan on traveling and aren't vaccinated, here’s what you need to know.

As recently as Jan. 12, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention continues to recommend delaying travel until you’re fully vaccinated.

Requirements are up to each city and state. For example, while Illinois doesn’t have statewide restrictions, its recommendations differ based on the daily COVID-19 case rates of the state the traveler is arriving from. Unvaccinated travelers arriving from states with higher case rates are encouraged to secure a negative COVID-19 test taken within 72 hours of travel to Illinois. At the city level, unvaccinated travelers going to Chicago are asked to get tested for COVID-19 before and after arrival and to quarantine upon arrival.

Meanwhile, all travelers 16 and older who enter California via Los Angeles International Airport, Van Nuys Airport or Los Angeles Union Station are required to fill out a City of Los Angeles Traveler Form, agreeing to follow CDC travel guidance — or face up to a $500 fine.

Other states may be more flexible and have no recommendations or requirements related to vaccination, quarantine, forms or testing for visitors.

Tips for traveling domestically without a vaccine

If the required time frame for getting a COVID-19 test ahead of travel is less than 24 hours, check if an urgent care center near you offers a rapid results option. In addition, check if a PCR and/or antigen test will be accepted. Generally, results from an antigen test can be provided faster. If you have insurance, the test may be covered.

Before heading to your intended destination, check the city and state requirements and recommendations, because they may differ (like Chicago and Illinois). Find out if your destination has any special requirements based on the state you’re arriving from.

Some businesses require proof of vaccination for entry. Be prepared to be turned away from restaurants, bars, stores and other establishments if this is the case.

Check if there are any ongoing testing requirements. For example, unvaccinated travelers staying in Puerto Rico longer than a week must submit weekly COVID-19 test results.

» Learn more: The majority of Americans plan to travel this year, according to recent NerdWallet study

Traveling internationally may present a greater number of obstacles, especially due to different systems and a potential language barrier. Some countries don't allow unvaccinated travelers to enter, period . For example, travel to the majority of European countries is possible only to those who are vaccinated. If you’re not vaccinated, make sure the country you want to visit will allow you entry.

In addition, before returning to the U.S., you’re required to provide proof of a negative COVID-19 test taken within one day of the flight's departure. While abroad, you’ll need to go to a COVID-19 testing center. Unlike getting tested in the U.S., COVID-19 tests abroad aren't covered by insurance, so you'll need to budget for the out-of-pocket cost .

Furthermore, you should book your accommodations wisely. Does the hotel you want to stay at allow unvaccinated guests? Will you be able to dine at the hotel restaurant? Can you use the spa or gym facilities? These are important questions you’ll need to consider before booking an international hotel stay.

Scrutinize your access to activities and other places you’d like to visit during your trip, too, like restaurants and museums. On my recent trip to Germany, I had to show my proof of vaccination and identification in every bar, restaurant, shop and hotel I entered.

If you’re unvaccinated, you may be refused entry to all these places, which can ruin your trip.

Tips for traveling internationally without a vaccine

Get travel insurance with Cancel For Any Reason coverage since entry requirements are changing constantly. What happens if you book a nonrefundable flight and hotel, and a week before your departure, your destination stops allowing in unvaccinated travelers? If you have travel insurance with CFAR, you’ll be able to cancel your trip and get your nonrefundable deposits back so long as changes aren’t made at the last minute. For example, with CFAR coverage from Berkshire Hathaway Travel Protection, "you may only be eligible if you purchase CFAR at the time of your base policy purchase, insure your full trip cost, and cancel more than 48 hours prior to departure," according to the company's website.

Confirm entry eligibility for your must-have experiences, like restaurants, museums, shopping malls or bars and clubs. Double-check that your hotel will allow you entry as well.

Research COVID-19 testing sites in the area before departure. Will you need to travel far to get your test? Consider travel time when making a test appointment.

Check if there's an app that your destination country uses that will accept your pre-departure negative COVID-19 test result. This step could make it easier to visit any bars, hotels, shops, restaurants and museums you’d like to check out.

Traveling domestically and internationally may pose a new set of challenges for those who are unvaccinated. Be sure to keep up to date with the latest requirements to make sure that your trip goes smoothly. International travel may result in many more difficulties, so if you’re not prepared to deal with all the uncertainties of being abroad, consider travel to a location within the U.S.

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These countries have lifted all coronavirus travel restrictions

By Sarah James

Since 2020, we’ve all needed to stay on top of the Covid-related rules for different countries – from where you can travel without a vaccine to which destinations require a Covid booster jab for travel . By spring 2022, however, a handful of European countries (including the UK since Friday 18 March 2022) have lifted all restrictions relating to coronavirus and travel, allowing international visitors to enter without proof of vaccination, a negative test, recent recovery or even filling in a passenger locator form . These are the places that have dropped all such rules – although, of course, we still recommend following UK health advice , including having your Covid vaccine and booster if you are able to.

As of Thursday 6 July, those visiting Australia do not need to do a pre-departure test or fill out a Digital Passenger Declaration. You are not required to declare or prove your vaccination status.

There are no requirements to show proof of vaccination, a negative test or fill out a passenger locator form for those visiting Croatia.

Czech Republic

On Saturday 9 April 2022, the Czech Republic lifted all coronavirus-related entry requirements for people arriving from other countries. Visitors do not need to show any proof of vaccination or negative tests and do not need to fill out a passenger locator form.

There are no coronavirus-related requirements regarding testing or quarantining when entering Denmark regardless of vaccination status. 

Egypt is not enforcing any requirements related to coronavirus for those entering the country. 

As of Friday 1 July 2022, Finland dropped all entry requirements for vaccinated and unvaccinated visitors.

As of Saturday 11 June 2022, all coronavirus-related restrictions for Germany have been lifted.

Travellers to Greece don't need to show a proof of vaccination, negative tests, or a certificate of recovery from COVID. They do not need to complete a Passenger Locator Form regardless of vaccination status.

The Hungarian government lifted all coronavirus restrictions upon entering the country on Monday 7 March 2022. You do not need to show vaccination proof or any negative tests.

There are currently no rules about coronavirus vaccinations or tests to enter Iceland as an international visitor.

Since Sunday 6 March 2022, international visitors have not been required to follow any restrictions regarding coronavirus. If travellers develop coronavirus symptoms while staying in Ireland , they should follow the current HSE guidance.

As of 1 June 2022, coronavirus restrictions on entering Italy have been lifted. However, those travelling by ferry, train or coach must wear an FFP2 mask to enter the country. Masks are no longer required on flights.

There are no coronavirus-related travel rules for those travelling to Montenegro.

Entry requirements for Norway are the same for everyone, regardless of vaccination status. You do not need to show any negative tests, fill out any forms or self-isolate.

Since Monday 28 March 2022, pre-departure testing and proof of vaccination have not been required to enter Poland.

All travel restrictions for entering Romania related to coronavirus were lifted on Wednesday 9 March 2022.

There are no Covid-related entry requirements for those visiting Slovenia are the same regardless of vaccination status.

South Africa

You can travel to South Africa for any purpose without adhering to coronavirus rules.

As of Friday 1 April 2022, travellers to Sweden are no longer required to present a negative test or proof of vaccination to enter.

clock This article was published more than  1 year ago

Asia is reopening to travelers. Here’s where you can go.

Japan, Hong Kong and China are the latest destinations to ease restrictions for tourists

This story has been updated.

While many of Americans’ favorite international tourism destinations across Europe and the Caribbean reopened in fits and starts, Asia largely trailed behind, remaining largely closed to leisure travelers until 2022.

Popular spots like Japan and Indonesia have reopened and smoothed out complicated entry requirements. Countries including Thailand and Singapore have exceeded their targets for international arrivals in 2022 and are now setting even higher goals for the new year.

What I learned on a two-week trip to Vietnam and Cambodia

But while visitors and countries are eager for a strong new year for travel in Asia, pandemic entry requirements still remain in many places. Here’s a look at where Americans can go and how.

As of Oct. 11, international travelers are allowed to enter Japan with a valid vaccination certificate or a negative result of a coronavirus test taken within 72 hours of departure. They don’t need to be chaperoned by a guide or part of a tour group. Short-term visitors that were exempt from visa requirements before the pandemic, which includes travelers from the United States, will no longer need to apply for tourist visas.

Japan’s tourism organization has published guidelines on the “New Travel Etiquette for Visitors,” including where people must wear masks, among other coronavirus mitigation recommendations.

The U.S. Embassy recommends travelers consult the latest regulations through Japan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs website .

Everything you need to know about traveling to Japan

As of Jan. 8 , the country has dropped its severe mandatory quarantine on arrival and only requires travelers to show a negative PCR test taken within 48 hours before departure.

But this phase of reopening is not intended for foreign tourism, but rather to allow Chinese nationals (and foreign nationals with valid residence permits and visas) the freedom to travel abroad again. Like before the pandemic, foreigners will need an official permit or a visa from the Chinese Embassy to enter the country. They’ll only be given to people with a compelling reason to visit such as business, school or seeing relatives.

As of Jan. 9, the State Department has a Level 3 advisory for China (along with Hong Kong and Macao) due to the surge of covid cases, covid-related restrictions and “arbitrary enforcement of local laws.” Travelers considering a trip to China should refer to the State Department’s entire travel information page for updates on travel advisories and country information.

Everything you need to know about traveling to China

South Korea

South Korea has resumed issuing short-term travel visas to foreign tourists. The country no longer has coronavirus testing requirements or testing on arrival for entry regardless of vaccination status.

You must register with the country’s Q-code system ahead of travel, or you can complete the Health Questionnaire and Travel Record Declaration (Special Quarantine Report) on your flight to Korea (the Q-code system is recommended , however, for a smoother entry experience).

As of Oct. 13, Taiwan no longer requires visitors to quarantine on arrival. There are no inbound testing requirements for travelers, but they are required to take rapid tests in Taiwan and monitor their health for seven days.

Hong Kong has been easing its rigid pandemic rules since last fall.

As of Dec. 29, travelers to Hong Kong must take a self-arranged rapid test (RAT) within 24 hours of their flight and submit results through an online portal , but they no longer have to take a PCR test after landing. Travelers over 12 are required to be fully vaccinated or have a medical exemption certificate, and will be subject to a temperature check at their arrival airport.

Travelers should review the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region’s additional information on inbound travel requirements .

Fully vaccinated visitors and non-fully vaccinated children 12 or younger may enter Singapore without testing or quarantine requirements. Three days before their arrival, they must complete an SG Arrival Card and e-health declaration through the Immigration & Checkpoints Authority website.

Unvaccinated travelers must take an approved PCR or rapid test within two days of their departure to Singapore. They must also purchase coronavirus-specific travel insurance covering their whole stay with a minimum coverage of about $21,000 ($30,000 in Singapore dollars), in addition to submitting an SG Arrival Card.

Pre-departure testing isn’t required for those who have tested positive for the coronavirus between 14 to 90 days before their trip, but they must provide documentation to prove their infection or recovery.

The Singapore SafeTravel website has more information and a helpful tool to guide travelers through their specific requirements.

Since October, visitors to Thailand no longer have to show proof of vaccination or test ahead of arrival, marking the end of the country’s pandemic travel restrictions.

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As of May 15, Vietnam does not require a coronavirus test to enter the country. All travelers must purchase a coronavirus-specific travel insurance policy covering at least $10,000.

Vaccinated travelers may enter Laos without testing requirements. Unvaccinated or partially vaccinated visitors over 12 must provide proof of a negative coronavirus rapid test taken within 48 hours of their trip.

Cambodia is welcoming travelers without quarantine or testing requirements.

Philippines

As of Dec. 5, travelers to the Philippines are no longer required to complete a BOQ e-Health Declaration Card. They must instead register through the country’s new eTravel platform no more than 72 hours before departure for the Philippines.

As of May , fully vaccinated travelers with at least one booster dose are no longer required to provide a negative PCR test.

Unvaccinated travelers 15 and older must provide results from a rapid test (RAT) administered and certified by a health-care professional within 24 hours of departure to the Philippines.

Unvaccinated, accompanied minors under 15 can follow the protocols of their parent or accompanying adult traveling with them.

As of Aug. 1 , all travelers may enter Malaysia without coronavirus testing or quarantine requirements, regardless of vaccination status.

Indonesia has a new nomad visa that will grant wealthy transplants long-term stays on the island.

Vaccinated travelers no longer need to provide a PCR or antigen test result to enter Indonesia. However, a PCR test will be administered at the airport if travelers report coronavirus symptoms or show a temperature above 99.5 degrees. If travelers test negative, they will be required to isolate at their residence or an approved facility at their own expense.

Unvaccinated travelers will need to take a PCR test on arrival and self-quarantine for five days. On the fourth day, they can take a PCR test to end their quarantine. According to the U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Indonesia, local authorities may quarantine and vaccinate unvaccinated inbound travelers.

Those who have had the coronavirus and recovered within 30 days of their trip to Indonesia are required to take a PCR test on arrival and provide proof of recovery from a hospital in their home country.

All travelers must download the PeduliLindungi contact-tracing app before departure to Indonesia.

All visitors must get a tourist visa ahead of their trip, and either submit proof of vaccination or results of a PCR test taken within 72 hours of departure to India, according to the Indian Ministry of Health and Family Welfare guidelines . Travelers should submit their vaccine information or test results, as well as a self-declaration form, through the Air Suvidha portal ahead of their trip. Children under 5 are exempt from testing requirements but may be tested if they are symptomatic on arrival. As of December, additional requirements may be required for visitors entering from “high risk” countries; travelers should review the U.S. Embassy in India’s website for more details .

On landing in India, travelers may be randomly selected for a post-arrival test at the airport.

All travelers are required to self-monitor their health for 14 days.

All travelers are welcome in Sri Lanka without testing requirements regardless of vaccination status, but must purchase a covid-19 insurance policy provided by Sri Lanka Tourism for $12 per month.

The Maldives revoked its public health emergency March 13. Visitors must complete a travel health declaration form within 72 hours of their flight, but they are not required to test or quarantine. The government recommends taking a PCR test three to five days after arrival.

The best way to recover after a long travel day

As of March 16 , Nepal allows fully vaccinated visitors to enter the country without testing. Travelers who can’t present a certificate of vaccination have to take an approved coronavirus test (RT-PCR, NAAT, Gene Xpert) within 72 hours of their inbound flight.

United Arab Emirates

Vaccinated travelers to the UAE do not have to take a PCR test if they can present an approved vaccine certificate that contains a QR code. Unvaccinated visitors have to show a negative PCR test taken within 48 hours of departure or a QR-code-enabled certificate of recovery that was obtained within a month of the travel date.

As of Sept. 28, the UAE lifted its masking requirement for public places, but masks are still required in medical facilities and mosques and on public transportation.

Effective March 14, international visitors may enter Mongolia without any travel restrictions. The country removed its testing requirements for both vaccinated and unvaccinated visitors. Travelers will be asked to fill out a medical declaration form on arrival to Mongolia.

Myanmar resumed issuing tourist visas for vaccinated foreigners in May. Travelers must provide proof of vaccination with their entry application, or a negative test result from an RDT or rapid coronavirus test taken within 48 hours of arrival to Myanmar. Children under 12 are not required to provide a test result if they’re traveling with a fully vaccinated parent or guardian.

Visitors are also required to buy a travel insurance policy from Myanma Insurance and attach it to their entry application. They should bring printed copies of their test result, proof of vaccination and travel insurance.

Travelers must pay for a rapid test on arrival (about $8) and submit a Health Declaration Form.

However, travel to Myanmar is discouraged. The State Department has issued a Level 4: Do Not Travel advisory for the country for its civil unrest and armed conflict. Secretary of State Antony Blinken has designated actions taken by military in Myanmar against the country’s Rohingya Muslims a genocide and crimes against humanity .

Nathan Diller, Theodora Yu, Gabe Hiatt and Hannah Sampson contributed to this report.

More travel tips

Vacation planning: Start with a strategy to maximize days off by taking PTO around holidays. Experts recommend taking multiple short trips for peak happiness . Want to take an ambitious trip? Here are 12 destinations to try this year — without crowds.

Cheap flights: Follow our best advice for scoring low airfare , including setting flight price alerts and subscribing to deal newsletters. If you’re set on an expensive getaway, here’s a plan to save up without straining your credit limit.

Airport chaos: We’ve got advice for every scenario , from canceled flights to lost luggage . Stuck at the rental car counter? These tips can speed up the process. And following these 52 rules of flying should make the experience better for everyone.

Expert advice: Our By The Way Concierge solves readers’ dilemmas , including whether it’s okay to ditch a partner at security, or what happens if you get caught flying with weed . Submit your question here . Or you could look to the gurus: Lonely Planet and Rick Steves .

International Travel Restrictions by Country

Find out where you can travel and covid-19 policies.

Select origin country, search destination or select a country on the map to see travel restrictions.

The travel status of individual countries can change suddenly, and we know it can be hard to stay on top of it all. That's why we're getting you the information you need to consider when planning travel. Learn about country-specific entry requirements such as the border status, COVID-19 testing requirements, and quarantine requirements. Many countries are reopening their borders for international travel. Find out which countries are open to vaccinated travelers.

Just enter your departure country above - the map will update to reflect countries' opening status and any entry requirements for air travelers. Before you book, be sure to double check your country's official government site.

Destinations you can travel to now

Dominican republic, netherlands, philippines, puerto rico, switzerland, united arab emirates, united kingdom, know when to go.

Sign up for email alerts as countries begin to open - choose the destinations you're interested in so you're in the know.

Filter by region, status and more

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Albania.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Algeria.

American Samoa

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter American Samoa.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Angola.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Anguilla.

Antigua And Barbuda

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Antigua And Barbuda.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Argentina.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Armenia.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Aruba.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Australia.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Austria.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Azerbaijan.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Bahrain.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Bangladesh.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Barbados.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Belgium.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Belize.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Benin.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Bermuda.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Bhutan.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Bolivia.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Botswana.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Brazil.

British Virgin Islands

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter the British Virgin Islands.

Brunei Darussalam

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Brunei Darussalam.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Bulgaria.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Burundi.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Cambodia.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Cameroon.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Canada.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Cape Verde.

Caribbean Netherlands

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter the Caribbean Netherlands.

Cayman Islands

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter the Cayman Islands.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Chad.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Chile.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter China.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Colombia.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter the Comoros.

Cook Islands

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter the Cook Islands.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Costa Rica.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Croatia.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Curaçao.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Cyprus.

Czech Republic

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter the Czech Republic.

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Denmark.

Fully vaccinated visitors from the United States can enter Djibouti without restrictions.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Dominica.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter the Dominican Republic.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, need to quarantine to enter East Timor.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Ecuador.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Egypt.

El Salvador

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter El Salvador.

Equatorial Guinea

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Equatorial Guinea.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Eritrea.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Estonia.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Eswatini.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Ethiopia.

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas).

Faroe Islands

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter the Faroe Islands.

Federated States of Micronesia

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Federated States of Micronesia.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Fiji.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Finland.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter France.

French Guiana

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter French Guiana.

French Polynesia

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter French Polynesia.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Gabon.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter the Gambia.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Georgia.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Germany.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Ghana.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Gibraltar.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Greece.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Greenland.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Grenada.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Guadeloupe.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Guam.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Guatemala.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Guinea.

Guinea-Bissau

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Guinea-Bissau.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Guyana.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Honduras.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Hong Kong.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Hungary.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Iceland.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter India.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Indonesia.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Ireland.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Italy.

Ivory Coast

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Ivory Coast.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Jamaica.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Japan.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Jersey.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Jordan.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Kazakhstan.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Kenya.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Kiribati.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Kosovo.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Kuwait.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Kyrgyzstan.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Laos.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Latvia.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Lesotho.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Liberia.

Liechtenstein

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Liechtenstein.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Lithuania.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Luxembourg.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Macau.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Madagascar.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Malawi.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Malaysia.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter the Maldives.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Malta.

Marshall Islands

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter the Marshall Islands.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Martinique.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Mauritania.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Mauritius.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Mayotte.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Mexico.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Moldova.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Mongolia.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Montenegro.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Montserrat.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Mozambique.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Namibia.

Fully vaccinated visitors from the United States can enter Nauru without restrictions.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Nepal.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter the Netherlands.

New Caledonia

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter New Caledonia.

New Zealand

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter New Zealand.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Nicaragua.

Fully vaccinated visitors from the United States can enter Niger without restrictions.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Nigeria.

North Macedonia

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter North Macedonia.

Northern Mariana Islands

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter the Northern Mariana Islands.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Norway.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Oman.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Pakistan.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Palau.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Panama.

Papua New Guinea

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Papua New Guinea.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Paraguay.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Peru.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter the Philippines.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Poland.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Portugal.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Puerto Rico.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Qatar.

Republic of the Congo

Fully vaccinated visitors from the United States can enter Republic of the Congo without restrictions.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Réunion.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Romania.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Rwanda.

Saint Barthélemy

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Saint Barthélemy.

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Saint Kitts and Nevis.

Saint Lucia

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Saint Lucia.

Saint Martin

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Saint Martin.

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Samoa.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter São Tomé and Príncipe.

Saudi Arabia

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Saudi Arabia.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Senegal.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Serbia.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Seychelles.

Sierra Leone

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Sierra Leone.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Singapore.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Slovakia.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Slovenia.

Solomon Islands

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter the Solomon Islands.

South Africa

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter South Africa.

South Korea

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter South Korea.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Spain.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Sri Lanka.

St. Maarten

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter St. Maarten.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Sudan.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Suriname.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Sweden.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Switzerland.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Taiwan.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Tajikistan.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Tanzania.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Thailand.

The Bahamas

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter The Bahamas.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Togo.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Tonga.

Trinidad and Tobago

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Trinidad and Tobago.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Tunisia.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Türkiye.

Turkmenistan

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, will not be allowed to enter Turkmenistan.

Turks and Caicos Islands

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter the Turks and Caicos Islands.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Tuvalu.

U.S. Virgin Islands

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter the U.S. Virgin Islands.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Uganda.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter the United Arab Emirates.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter the United Kingdom.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Uruguay.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Uzbekistan.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Vanuatu.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Vietnam.

Wallis and Futuna

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Wallis and Futuna.

Western Sahara

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, will not be allowed to enter Western Sahara.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Zambia.

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Zimbabwe.

Get trip-ready with at-home COVID-19 tests

How often is the data on this page updated.

We check for travel restriction information from government authorities daily, and update the page any time we get new information. The following information regarding travel restrictions for each country is correct to the best of our knowledge at the time of publication.

How many countries are closed to visitors?

As of Sep 11, 2 countries have completely restricted entry to non-citizens and 5 are open but require quarantine and/or a negative COVID test.

Where can I travel without COVID restrictions?

Currently you can travel from the United States to 197 countries without restrictions. Please check our map to learn more.

Are there any other types of travel restrictions besides COVID-19 tests and quarantines?

These are the two main types of restrictions or requirements needed to travel into another country. However, the COVID-19 testing options are continually widening as new methods are developed. Different countries may accept results from different or multiple test types, so be sure to check the individual country's specific requirements.

What should I do if I get COVID-19 while in another country?

If you get COVID-19 while in another country, follow the local authority's recommendations. These may include hospitalization, self-isolating and testing in that country. Be sure to contact your travel insurance company and travel provider as well and inform them of your situation.

What should I do if the borders of the country I am visiting close?

Depending on your home country, you may need to change your departure date and return home as soon as possible. If that's the case, contact your travel provider to find the earliest departure.

Additional resources

• What you need to know
• Airline policies
• Hotel policies
• Car policies
• Tips for flying
• Tips for hotel
• Tips for vacation rental

If you're looking for personalized travel advice for your own travel plans like whether or not a restriction applies to your trip, we won't be able to answer any questions or offer advice. Please consult your local government's resources.

Travel Requirements

*Important Reminder : This page serves as your guidance only. The list of travel requirements info stated here are a compilation of summarised regulations in the countries/destinations where our flights are operating. As the travel requirements worldwide continue to change from time to time, there are times when the information stated below might not be up-to-date and may be obsolete at the time you are viewing it. Therefore, for more reliable, latest, and verified information in your destinations, we strongly encourage all travelling guests to also check the travel restrictions with the respective government of your destination country / state directly prior travelling with us.

Country Travel Requirements

Raj Palraj, M.B.B.S., M.D.

• Infectious Diseases

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9 common questions about vaccines and travel

• Immunizations

Travel does more than just transport you to a different place. It can broaden your perspective, increase your happiness, give you a chance to try new things, boost your creativity and help you recharge. Even planning a trip can be an exciting task. The anticipation of mapping an itinerary and scheduling your must-see attractions can bring a lot of joy and happiness.

One of the most important tasks before taking a trip is to make an appointment with a travel medicine specialist. These health care professionals help keep travelers safe and happy before and after their journeys.

Here are answers to common questions about travel medicine:

1. who should make an appointment with a travel medicine specialist.

Anyone planning a trip overseas can benefit from seeing a travel medicine specialist. However, a travel clinic appointment is critical if you are traveling to underdeveloped or developing countries where there's a higher risk of contracting severe communicable illnesses while abroad. It is also important for patients with certain medical conditions that make their immune systems weaker and more vulnerable to infectious diseases.

2. What vaccinations do I need to travel overseas?

All travelers should be vaccinated against the flu and current with COVID-19 vaccines and boosters.

In addition, it's important to complete the adult vaccination schedule that includes vaccinations for:

• Chickenpox (varicella)
• Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP)
• Pneumococcal
• Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR)

Additional vaccines may be recommended depending on your travel itinerary. For example, hepatitis A vaccination is recommended if you are traveling to Southeast Asia. During your appointment, we can discuss which vaccines are appropriate for your itinerary.

3. Are there travel destinations that have different vaccination recommendations?

Yes. Infectious diseases thrive in different climates. If you travel to a new climate, you may be exposed to diseases to which you don't have any immunity.

Some infections are more prevalent in tropical settings compared to temperate climates. For example, typhoid and hepatitis A are more common in Southeast Asia because these communicable diseases can be spread through contaminated water. Some areas of Africa and South America have a higher prevalence of yellow fever and malaria, which are mosquito-borne infections.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has good information online for travelers for each travel destination.

Recommended vaccines may include:

• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis B
• Japanese encephalitis
• Yellow fever

4. Can my primary care provider give me travel vaccinations?

It depends on your travel destinations and vaccine recommendations. I recommend starting the conversation with your primary care provider and reviewing the CDC recommendations .

If you have a complex itinerary with multiple countries or are traveling to Southeast Asia or Africa, it's better to make an appointment at the travel clinic. I also would recommend patients with organ transplants and immunocompromising conditions seek travel medicine consultation to reduce the risk of illness during travel. During that appointment, we will review your itinerary, provide necessary vaccinations and discuss ways to prevent mosquito-borne or tick-borne diseases.

5. How long before my trip should I go to the travel clinic?

Plan to have an appointment at least four weeks before you travel. Some vaccines require several weeks for immunity to develop, while others require more than one dose of vaccine for full protection.

If your trip is to an underdeveloped or developing country, you may need to schedule an appointment up to two months in advance to receive a complete set of immunizations. This gives your body time to produce the protective antibodies, so you are well protected when you land at your destination.

6. Can I only go to the travel clinic before I travel?

No. The Travel and Tropical Medicine Clinic is available before or after travel. The team can provide consultative services and treatment if you get sick after you return home.

7. I'm going to an all-inclusive resort. Will I have a lower risk of getting sick?

Maybe, but no traveler should take safety for granted. Even in an all-inclusive resort, knowing how food is prepared or the water supply quality is not possible. Mosquitos and other insects could still be a concern. It's important to take all necessary precautions and follow vaccination recommendations when you travel, regardless of your accommodations.

8. How do I lower my risk of malaria when traveling?

Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite. It's spread to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. Prophylactic malaria medications are available and are started before the travel, continued during the stay and for a certain duration after returning home. A travel medicine specialist can review the risks and benefits of all prevention and treatment options.

9. How do I stay healthy while traveling?

Nothing can ruin a trip like illness. Make sure all your vaccinations and boosters are up to date, and get any new vaccinations recommended for your destinations.

Food and water safety is important while traveling. Only eat well-cooked food. Avoid eating from roadside stands and uncooked foods, like salad and raw vegetables. Drink bottled beverages only, including bottled water. This is especially important if you travel in resource-limited regions, such as Southeast Asia or Africa.

Hand hygiene is important at home and overseas. Wash your hands often using soap and hot water. Avoid crowded places, follow respiratory etiquette and consider optional masking. Mosquitos and bugs can transmit parasites and diseases, like yellow fever and malaria. Use mosquito repellents. Mosquito nets may be appropriate in some parts of the world, as well.

As you make travel plans, schedule an appointment with a travel medicine specialist to get the vaccinations and information you need to be healthy and safe on your journey.

Raj Palraj, M.D. , is a physician in Infectious Diseases and Travel and Tropical Medicine in La Crosse , Wisconsin.

Related Posts

Vaccines for Traveling to Asia: The Complete Guide

This article gives an informative list of the vaccines necessary for traveling to China, East Asia and Southeast Asia.

Vaccines for Asia – Table of Contents

General situation of vaccines.

• Most common vaccines for traveling to Asia

Other diseases to consider

Coronavirus covid-19, precautions after your trip.

Before anything else, it is essential that you book an appointment with a specialist doctor at an approved international vaccination center or at a travel clinic (many public and private hospitals have one), preferably two months in advance of your departure date.

These are the only types of centers where you will receive up-to-date and detailed advice on all of the vaccines recommended for your trip.

I’m sure you can remember some of the controversies around vaccination that have arisen over the past decades. In the mid-1990s, a renowned British scientist concluded that the measles vaccine could trigger diseases such as autism or colitis.

Despite the fact that he was accused of data falsification and fraud in 2010, he currently has thousands of followers who support him across the globe, through the ever-expanding anti-vaccine movement.

However, official bodies such as the WHO, the pharmaceutical industry, the scientific community, and governments actively support and promote vaccination, in line with the conclusions of the latest science on the subject.

If we cast aside the political and economic interests that can be hidden behind these types of scandals, on the individual level, it is important to consider the risks of not getting vaccinated for potentially lethal diseases before making any decision. You also have to keep in mind that some vaccinations are subject to international regulations , such as the yellow fever vaccine. This means that countries have the power to require visitors to demonstrate that they have been vaccinated in accordance with national regulations if they want to enter the country.

This vaccine is only given at authorized international vaccination centers ( check here for the list of centers in US ), which provide you with an international vaccination certificate (also called a “yellow card”) recognized across the globe.

In any event, you will have to set aside a portion of your budget for vaccines , but keep in mind that the majority of these are for life, and in the worst case, you will have to remember to get a booster shot after a few years.

On the other hand, a distinction must be made between ordinary vaccination (the vaccination normally provided by governments following a specific schedule) and international vaccination (which is done when people go to another country).

Although there are slight variations, the vaccines normally given to the population in the majority of countries are the following: hepatitis B, diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, polio, measles, rubella, and chickenpox.

It is very important to possess and periodically go over both vaccination histories (ordinary and international). Keep in mind that a large quantity of money and effort continues to be invested in improving existing vaccines and creating new ones.

Sometimes new evidence is published recommending changes in the period of effectiveness of a vaccine or in the frequency at which booster shots should be given, for example. Because of this, before any international trip, you should consider booking an appointment with a specialist to check that you are up-to-date with all of your vaccines.

Most common international vaccines for traveling to East Asia and Southeast Asia

This table shows the vaccines recommended for traveling to Asia by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the leading institution in the world in terms of international vaccination.

To summarize, the most commonly recommended vaccines are typhoid fever, tetanus, and hepatitis A and B . The latter is routinely given in many countries, but in any case, carefully go over your medical records and vaccination cards.

If you are not up to date, the best thing to do is to check with your family doctor. It’s possible to find out which vaccines you have through a blood test (which looks for the presence of antibodies).

Returning to the table, whether or not to get optional vaccines will depend on your itinerary, the duration of your trip, the sanitary conditions of your destination country, your age and your state of health , as well as the type of trip you are planning (adventure, business, volunteer work, family, etc.).

Because of this, it’s important to manage your vaccines long enough in advance, because in addition to potential waiting lists at authorized centers, some vaccines take up to three weeks to become effective .

Because of this, as suggested at the beginning of this article, the best thing is to start the procedure two months before your trip .

Yellow fever

This is a notifiable disease according to international regulations and is transmitted via the bite of an infected mosquito. “Notifiable” means that it is necessary to demonstrate that you are vaccinated to enter certain countries.

China and countries in Southeast Asia require travelers coming from countries endemic with yellow fever to present their international vaccination card containing the vaccination against this tropical illness at customs.

Because the vaccine takes ten days to become effective, vaccination is only considered legal once this time period has elapsed. Currently, a single injectable dose gives immunity for your entire life.

This is a disease that affects almost all tropical countries, including those of Southeast Asia and some of the southern provinces of China (but not Hong Kong and Macau). Just like yellow fever, it is transmitted through mosquito bites, but as opposed to yellow fever, there is currently no effective vaccine available for it.

What does exist is a preventive medication that can help mitigate the symptoms of malaria (in the event of infection). However, you should be aware that even by taking this medication, the possibility of developing malaria is not eliminated completely.

Another thing to keep in mind is that the strains of the parasite that cause illness vary from one region to another. Therefore, your route should be as clearly defined as possible in order for you to inform the international vaccination center of it.

This center is the only place where you will get precise recommendations on the prophylactic treatment of choice for the strain that you may encounter along your itinerary.

On the other hand, the majority of urban areas in the region are malaria-free. Therefore, if there isn’t a tangible risk, it’s most likely that your doctor won’t prescribe this treatment for you. The dosage schedule is strict and is followed before, during and after the trip, and the treatment is known for its side effects.

This is a viral infection once again transmitted by mosquito bites. It is also present in the majority of countries in Southeast Asia. It does not have a vaccine, and prevention is exclusively based on protection against mosquito bites .

This virus is fairly similar to the dengue virus. Zika also carries the recommendation that pregnant women abstain from traveling to countries where cases of Zika have been recorded. The transmission of the virus to fetal blood can cause irreversible damage.

Currently, there is no vaccine for the new coronavirus (COVID-19). However, and due to the global impact that this epidemic is having, the epicenter of which is in Wuhan (China), the scientific community is currently searching for an effective vaccine.

In any event, it is not expected to see the light of day for at least a year. Up until then, people are recommended to take extreme measures to avoid contagion , which takes place via inhalation. These measures include avoiding traveling to areas that are active hotbeds of disease transmission.

Currently, countries in Southeast Asia do not have restrictions on travelers related to the coronavirus. In any event, and considering the speed at which the virus is propagating, it is a good idea to confirm the current number of cases in the country that you plan to visit.

Last of all, you should keep in mind that some countries are applying restrictions to travelers coming from China. Therefore, check the order of your itinerary to avoid problems at customs.

Some infectious diseases do not present immediately, and can even show up a long time after you go back home. For any symptoms, it’s best to go to your family doctor and inform them of your itinerary and the dates of all of your trips over the past 12 months.

Photo Credits: Photo by fotoblend on Pixabay

About The Author

Andrea Lasheras

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Countries That Don’t Require COVID Vaccinations For Travel

For travelers who have seen their free-movement rights denied due to the coronavirus pandemic, here is a list of countries that currently allow visitors to enter without a COVID-19 test or quarantine or with very few restrictions.   

Also, find countries that have dropped all or most of their local Covid-19 restrictions. Notice that governments can and will change entry restrictions depending on economic, political, and epidemiology factors. As of today, these are the ones welcoming back tourists, no questions asked.

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When will U.S. allow unvaccinated travelers?

Countries Without COVID Mandates (No Vaccine, No Test)

United states.

As of May 12, a notable change has taken place regarding the entry requirements for travelers visiting the United States during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. It is worth mentioning that no COVID-19-related restrictions or requirements are currently in effect for individuals entering the country. This significant update brings forth a sense of relief and convenience, as visitors are no longer obligated to provide proof of vaccination or present a negative COVID-19 test result upon arrival. 

This development marks a positive step towards a more open and accessible travel experience, enabling visitors to enjoy their time in the United States without the burden of additional documentation.

Proof of COVID-19 vaccination is no longer required to enter Colombia. In the same way, pre-entry and arrival COVID-19 tests are not required and quarantine after you enter Colombia has also been lifted.

Travelers are no longer subject to strict health checks when traveling to the Bahamas.

Visitors are no longer required to present a COVID-19 test or proof of vaccination prior to entry to the country.

While there is no quarantine requirement when entering the Bahamas, individuals who are symptomatic or test positive for COVID -19 must be quarantined.

The last pandemic-related travel requirement, the Air Suvidha form, has been eliminated, according to the Indian government.

As of today, Nov. 22, international travelers no longer need to fill out this form or present a PCR COVID -19 test. Previously, they had to do so to enter the country.

According to the official statement , the updates have been made “in light of sustained declining COVID-19 trajectory and significant advances being made in COVID-19 vaccination coverage both globally as well as in India.”

Spain 

Both EU and non-EU citizens will no longer need to present documentation of their vaccinations, recovery, or COVID-19 test results in order to enter the country as of October 21, 2022.

The government website states: “All COVID-19 travel restrictions for travelers to Spain have been lifted. The rules that previously applied to travelers coming to Spain no longer apply.”

Canada is the latest country to drop Covid-related travel restrictions. Canadian Government announced on Monday, September 26 that all the border entry rules along with mask mandates will be dropped as of October 1.

From Oct. 1, authorities will no longer require travelers to present proof of vaccination or negative COVID-19 test results. People will also be able to attend crowded events without having to produce proof of vaccination. Officials announced that the nationwide state of emergency, which expired on September 30, will not be extended.

The current rules will be scrapped starting Oct. 1.

Read our full post: Thailand To Remove All Entry Requirements For International Tourists On October 1

Türkiye finally abolishes all health requirements for international tourists.

As confirmed by the Interior Ministry, international travelers no longer have to get tested or present other Covid-19 documents.

Previously, travelers who could not present a vaccination certificate when crossing the border were required to present a negative PCR test 72 hours before entry or a rapid antigen test within 48 hours of departure.

• New Zealand

The government of New Zealand has announced that all COVID-19-related travel restrictions and testing requirements have been withdrawn.

Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern removed all vaccine restrictions, as well as the obligation to self-test after arrival, on September 13. Testing will now be “encouraged,” but not required.

“It’s time to safely turn the page on our COVID-19 management, and live without the extraordinary measures we have previously used,” Ardern said in a statement. “Today marks a milestone in our response. Finally, rather than feeling that COVID dictates what happens to us, our lives, and our futures, we take back control.”

Read our full post: New Zealand Drops Vaccine And Testing Requirements For International Travelers

Jamaica will drop pre-departure Covid-19 testing for all, vaccinated and unvaccinated visitors starting April 16.

“We’re optimistic that these will serve to increase the appeal of Jamaica as a premier destination and keep us moving toward a stronger recovery for the tourism sector and our economy as a whole,”  said Edmund Bartlett, minister of tourism.

Effective May 16, all travelers will be permitted restriction-free entry as the country has decided to lift all of its COVID-19 entry rules, authorities have announced.

“Travel to Austria is possible for touristic purposes. From May 16, proof of vaccination/recovery or a test is no longer needed,” the statement of the portal reads.

This news applies to all travelers regardless of their country of departure or origin.

Belize has dropped all Covid-19 entry restrictions for international travelers. The move means that visitors no longer need to present proof of vaccination or a negative Covid-19 test taken shortly before departure to the Central American country. 

Kevin Bernard, the minister of health and wellness for Belize, told reporters that “with the emergence of weaker variants of COVID-19 and with the global trend of restrictions being relaxed, the time has come to take the pressure off of our health systems,”

“We’ve reached a level where it’s now everyone’s personal responsibility to decide whether they want to be vaccinated or not.”

According to the Cypriot government on Friday, travelers to Cyprus will no longer have to present a valid COVID -19 vaccination or a recovery certificate, nor will they have to present a negative COVID -19 test from June 1 to enter the country.

The government has also decided to abolish the requirement to wear face masks in all indoor places in Cyprus from June 1, with the exception of hospitals, nursing homes and other indoor medical facilities.

Those heading to the countless festivals in Ireland are no longer subject to Covid-19 entry restrictions. 

“There are no post-arrival testing or quarantine requirements for travelers to Ireland. Travel carriers will not ask to check a PLF receipt prior to traveling to Ireland,” the Irish government said in a statement.

“Any individual that develops Covid-19 symptoms while in Ireland should follow the HSE (Health Service Executive) guidance in relation to isolation and undertaking antigen or PCR testing as appropriate,” the Irish government pointed out through a statement.”

Keep in mind that passengers visiting Northern Ireland must still adhere to all UK travel regulations.

Read our full post: Ireland Removes All Testing And Vaccine Entry Restrictions For International Travelers

This amazing country, dubbed “an open-air museum,” is open for tourism and has removed pre-departure and post-arrival testing as well as proof of vaccination for foreign visitors, as of March 1.

Regardless of vaccination status, all travelers to Jordan must register on the Gateway2Jordan platform site and follow the Jordanian government’s guidelines.

Most visitors need a visa to enter Jordan. Click here for additional information on visa requirements. 

• Czech Republic
• Saudi Arabia
• North Macedonia
• Liechtenstein
• Tobago and Trinidad
• France 
• Poland 
• Denmark 
• South Korea
• St. Maarten
• Papua New Guinea
• Tunisia 
• Switzerland
• Dominican Republic
• El Salvador 
• South Africa

Travel vaccination advice

If you're planning to travel outside the UK, you may need to be vaccinated against some of the serious diseases found in other parts of the world.

Vaccinations are available to protect you against infections such as yellow fever , typhoid and hepatitis A .

In the UK, the  NHS routine immunisation (vaccination) schedule protects you against a number of diseases, but does not cover all of the infectious diseases found overseas.

When should I start thinking about the vaccines I need?

If possible, see the GP or a private travel clinic at least 6 to 8 weeks before you're due to travel.

Some vaccines need to be given well in advance to allow your body to develop immunity.

And some vaccines involve a number of doses spread over several weeks or months.

You may be more at risk of some diseases, for example, if you're:

• travelling in rural areas
• backpacking
• staying in hostels or camping
• on a long trip rather than a package holiday

If you have a pre-existing health problem, this may make you more at risk of infection or complications from a travel-related illness.

Which travel vaccines do I need?

You can find out which vaccinations are necessary or recommended for the areas you'll be visiting on these websites:

• Travel Health Pro
• NHS Fit for Travel

Some countries require proof of vaccination (for example, for polio or yellow fever vaccination), which must be documented on an International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP) before you enter or when you leave a country.

Saudi Arabia requires proof of vaccination against certain types of meningitis for visitors arriving for the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages.

Even if an ICVP is not required, it's still a good idea to take a record of the vaccinations you have had with you.

Find out more about the vaccines available for travellers abroad

Where do I get my travel vaccines?

First, phone or visit the GP practice or practice nurse to find out whether your existing UK vaccinations are up-to-date.

If you have any records of your vaccinations, let the GP know what you have had previously.

The GP or practice nurse may be able to give you general advice about travel vaccinations and travel health, such as protecting yourself from malaria.

They can give you any missing doses of your UK vaccines if you need them.

Not all travel vaccinations are available free on the NHS, even if they're recommended for travel to a certain area.

If the GP practice can give you the travel vaccines you need but they are not available on the NHS, ask for:

• written information on what vaccines are needed
• the cost of each dose or course
• any other charges you may have to pay, such as for some certificates of vaccination

You can also get travel vaccines from:

• private travel vaccination clinics
• pharmacies offering travel healthcare services

Which travel vaccines are free?

The following travel vaccines are available free on the NHS from your GP surgery:

• polio (given as a combined diphtheria/tetanus/polio jab )
• hepatitis A

These vaccines are free because they protect against diseases thought to represent the greatest risk to public health if they were brought into the country.

Which travel vaccines will I have to pay for?

You'll have to pay for travel vaccinations against:

• hepatitis B
• Japanese encephalitis
• tick-borne encephalitis
• tuberculosis (TB)
• yellow fever

Yellow fever vaccines are only available from designated centres .

The cost of travel vaccines that are not available on the NHS will vary, depending on the vaccine and number of doses you need.

It's worth considering this when budgeting for your trip.

Other things to consider

There are other things to consider when planning your travel vaccinations, including:

• your age and health – you may be more vulnerable to infection than others; some vaccines cannot be given to people with certain medical conditions
• working as an aid worker – you may come into contact with more diseases in a refugee camp or helping after a natural disaster
• working in a medical setting – a doctor, nurse or another healthcare worker may require additional vaccinations
• contact with animals – you may be more at risk of getting diseases spread by animals, such as rabies

If you're only travelling to countries in northern and central Europe, North America or Australia, you're unlikely to need any vaccinations.

But it's important to check that you're up-to-date with routine vaccinations available on the NHS.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

Speak to a GP before having any vaccinations if:

• you're pregnant
• you think you might be pregnant
• you're breastfeeding

In many cases, it's unlikely a vaccine given while you're pregnant or breastfeeding will cause problems for the baby.

But the GP will be able to give you further advice about this.

People with immune deficiencies

For some people travelling overseas, vaccination against certain diseases may not be advised.

This may be the case if:

• you have a condition that affects your body's immune system, such as HIV or AIDS
• you're receiving treatment that affects your immune system, such as chemotherapy
• you have recently had a bone marrow or organ transplant

A GP can give you further advice about this.

Non-travel vaccines

As well as getting any travel vaccinations you need, it's also a good opportunity to make sure your other vaccinations are up-to-date and have booster vaccines if necessary.

Although many routine NHS vaccinations are given during childhood, you can have some of them (such as the MMR vaccine ) as an adult if you missed getting vaccinated as a child.

There are also some extra NHS vaccinations for people at higher risk of certain illnesses, such as the flu vaccine , the hepatitis B vaccine and the BCG vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) .

Your GP can advise you about any NHS vaccinations you might need.

Find out about NHS vaccinations and when to have them

Page last reviewed: 16 March 2023 Next review due: 16 March 2026

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Don't Forget These Vaccines When You Travel

Planning an international winter getaway know which shots—from measles to yellow fever—you may need to protect yourself., sharing is nice.

We respect your privacy . All email addresses you provide will be used just for sending this story.

If you're planning a winter trip to another country, you may be preoccupied with booking airfare and finding lodging, but certain destinations require an extra step of planning: travel vaccines.

You might be tempted to skip the extra doctor's visit, but don't. Last year saw a record number of measles cases in Europe, and the highly contagious illness has continued to spread across the continent throughout 2019. Yellow fever remains a significant concern in South America, and hepatitis A has doctors everywhere—including in the U.S.—on alert. 

You can protect yourself from all three of these illnesses (and more) if you get your shots in time. Here's a quick rundown on the travel vaccines recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 

According to the CDC , most cases of measles in the U.S. result from international travel, when unvaccinated Americans become infected during visits to other countries, then carry the disease back home.

Measles, one of the most contagious of all infectious diseases, is spread through the cough or sneeze of an infected person. Symptoms include rash, high fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes. In rare cases, the disease can cause brain swelling and be fatal.

Measles outbreaks have become increasingly common in the past couple of years in the U.S. and other countries.

Europe is of particular concern for travelers. As CDC researchers noted in a  report published in Pediatrics  earlier this year, Europe had a record number of cases—more than 41,000, including 37 deaths—between January and June 2018. According to the Pediatrics report, the Ukraine reported the largest number of cases, but France, Georgia, Greece, Italy, Serbia, and the Russian Federation also had a high number. 

But because Europe, a popular travel destination, isn't one that visitors usually think of as having significant risks of infectious disease, they may not consider the need for vaccinations.

In fact, a recent study in JAMA Pediatrics found that not all children are adequately vaccinated against measles before international travel. (The CDC has special recommendations for measles vaccinations for children going overseas.)

In this study, only about 41 percent of infants and preschool-age children who were eligible for pre-travel measles vaccination actually received it. 

And  a study by researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, published in 2017 in the Annals of Internal Medicine, found that more than half of all U.S. travelers—not just young kids—who were eligible for the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine weren't getting it before leaving the country. 

The CDC advises anyone who isn't protected against measles, either through vaccination or past infection, to get vaccinated before traveling anywhere overseas.

You'll need to see your doctor at least four to six weeks before you leave. That's because it may take that much time to complete a full course of the vaccine and to give your body time to build up immunity in response to the shot. See the CDC's recommendations for travelers of different ages  and Consumer Reports' coverage of when a measles booster is warranted . 

Other Routine Shots

Before any international trip, you should make sure you're up to date on all of your routine vaccines, not only  measles-mumps-rubella (MMR)  but also diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP), varicella (chickenpox), polio, and your yearly flu shot.

Some of these diseases are quite rare in the U.S., thanks to good vaccine coverage of children here. But the CDC says these same diseases can be much more common in other countries, including areas where you wouldn't usually worry about travel-related illnesses. Being current with your routine vaccines will give you the best protection.

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is spread by the Aedes aegypti mosquito (the same one that spreads  Zika , dengue, and chikungunya). Although the virus was eradicated from much of the world in the mid-1900s, it has re-emerged in recent years in parts of Africa and South America, including, most recently, Brazil .

Brazil has been suffering through a yellow fever outbreak that's one of the largest the world has seen in decades.

"Since early 2018, a number of unvaccinated travelers to Brazil contracted yellow fever," the CDC notes. "Several have died."

According to the  CDC , the vaccine that's typically used to prevent the yellow fever virus, known as YF-Vax, is currently unavailable due to production delays . To cover the shortage, the CDC and the Food and Drug Administration have turned to a different yellow fever vaccine known as Stamaril.

This other shot is already approved in more than 70 other countries around the world and is thought to be just as safe and effective as the YF-Vax shot. It's been okayed by the FDA under a special program , but its availability in the U.S. is limited. 

If you're traveling to  a country where yellow fever is spreading  or one that requires all visitors to have a yellow fever shot, be sure to plan ahead. Unlike other travel shots, the yellow fever vaccine is available only at  specially designated clinics . Because of the shortage, there will be far fewer clinics than usual.

You definitely don't want to skip this shot. Yellow fever is a serious disease. The CDC estimates that it can be fatal in 15 to 20 percent of cases. Find out where the nearest clinic is ( you can search online here ) and make sure you budget enough time to go.

You should also be sure to apply plenty of insect repellent , which can help protect you from the mosquitoes that spread yellow fever, Zika, and other diseases .

Hepatitis A and B

Hepatitis A is a virus that causes liver disease. It spreads through contaminated food and through physical contact with an infected person, especially if that person doesn't wash his or her hands properly after using the bathroom. It's common among people who travel to developing countries, particularly those who visit rural areas, though it can also be spread in more modern tourist accommodations.

The vaccine to prevent this virus—given in two doses, six months apart—is 100 percent effective, according to the CDC. 

Hepatitis B is a different but related virus that passes through blood, semen, and other body fluids. It can disappear after just a few weeks or it can linger for a lifetime, potentially causing liver disease and cancer.

This virus occurs in nearly every part of the world, but it's most common in Asia, Africa, South America, and the Caribbean. Travel-related cases are generally rare but can result from unprotected sex, intravenous drug use, and blood transfusions.

The vaccine for hepatitis B is more than 90 percent effective. It's usually given in three doses spread across six months, but ask your doctor for an accelerated schedule if your travel plans require it. 

Typhoid fever is a serious disease caused by the bacteria salmonella typhi and is spread through contaminated food and water. In rare cases, it can be fatal. Typhoid is rare in developed countries like the U.S. but common in most of the rest of the world, especially South Asia. The U.S. sees about 300 travel-related cases of typhoid fever every year. 

The vaccine for typhoid fever is available as a pill and an injectable. The pill contains live but weakened bacteria and is given in four doses: One capsule is taken every other day for a week. The injectable contains killed bacteria and is given in one dose. Get the injectable at least two weeks before traveling and complete the oral vaccine at least 10 days before. 

The CDC concedes that the typhoid vaccine in any form is only about 50 to 80 percent effective. You should still get it before traveling to an endemic region. But you should also take basic precautions with the food you eat while traveling, sticking to bottled water in places where the tap water is questionable, for example.

Rabies is a disease caused by a virus that spreads through the saliva of infected animals. The most common sources of human infection are licks, bites, and scratches from infected dogs. But bats, foxes, raccoons, and mongooses have also been known to pass the disease to humans. Prevention of this disease is especially important because once contracted, it's almost always fatal. 

Rabies is found all over the world except in Antarctica. In most developed countries, including the U.S., the risk of human infection is low because the virus is rare in domestic animals. But in much of Africa, Asia, and Latin America, rabies in dogs is still a problem. 

If you're traveling to a country where the virus is prevalent in dogs, or if your itinerary will bring you into contact with wild animals like bats and other carnivores, you should consider getting a rabies shot before you travel. It's given in three doses over three weeks. 

It's important to note that even if you've had your rabies shots, you should still seek immediate medical treatment if you're bitten or scratched by an animal while traveling. You can't be too careful when it comes to rabies prevention. 

There's no vaccine available against malaria, but it's still crucial to plan ahead if you're going to a region where malaria is common. You can take prophylactic medications that will reduce your risk of developing malaria if you're bitten by an infected mosquito.

The recommendations vary depending on what country you're visiting, what time of year you're going, and whether the mosquitoes in your destination have developed resistance to certain antimalarial drugs.

The CDC offers this chart of every country and specific recommendations for preventing malaria in different destinations.

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Increased Risk of Dengue Virus Infections in the United States

Distributed via the CDC Health Alert Network June 25, 2024, 2:30 PM ET CDCHAN-00511

Summary The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is issuing this Health Alert Network (HAN) Health Advisory to notify healthcare providers, public health authorities and the public of an increased risk of dengue virus (DENV) infections in the United States in 2024. Global incidence of dengue in 2024 has been the highest on record for this calendar year; many countries are reporting higher-than-usual dengue case numbers . In 2024, countries in the Americas have reported a record-breaking number of dengue cases, exceeding the highest number ever recorded in a single year. From January 1 – June 24, 2024, countries in the Americas reported more than 9.7 million dengue cases, twice as many as in all of 2023 (4.6 million cases). In the United States, Puerto Rico has declared a public health emergency (1,498 cases) and a higher-than-expected number of dengue cases have been identified among U.S. travelers (745 cases) from January 1 – June 24, 2024. In the setting of increased global and domestic incidence of dengue, healthcare providers should take steps including:

• Have increased suspicion of dengue among people with fever who have been in areas with frequent or continuous dengue transmission within 14 days before illness onset,
• Order appropriate diagnostic tests for acute DENV infection: reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] and IgM antibody tests, or non-structural protein 1 [NS1] antigen tests and IgM antibody tests,
• Ensure timely reporting of dengue cases to public health authorities, and
• Promote mosquito bite prevention measures among people living in or visiting areas with frequent or continuous dengue transmission.

Background Dengue is the most common arboviral disease globally. It is caused by four distinct but closely related dengue viruses (DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4). DENVs are transmitted through bites of infected Aedes species mosquito vectors. Infection with one DENV generally induces life-long protection against infection from that specific DENV but only protects against other DENVs for several months to years. Dengue is a nationally notifiable disease in the United States. Six U.S. territories and freely associated states are classified as areas with frequent or continuous dengue transmission : Puerto Rico, American Samoa, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. In the rest of the United States, local transmission of DENV has been limited, with sporadic cases or small outbreaks in Florida, Hawaii, and Texas. However, confirmed local DENV transmission has also been reported by Arizona and California over the past two years.

Approximately one in four DENV infections are symptomatic and can be mild or severe. Symptoms begin after an incubation period of 5–7 days (range 3–10 days) and present as fever accompanied by non-specific signs and symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, rash, muscle aches, joint pain, bone pain, pain behind the eyes, headache, or low white blood cell counts. Warning signs are specific clinical findings that predict progression to severe disease. Warning signs include abdominal pain or tenderness, persistent vomiting, clinical fluid accumulation (e.g., ascites, pleural effusion), mucosal bleeding, lethargy or restlessness, progressive increase of hematocrit, or liver enlargement >2cm. Severe disease, with associated severe bleeding, shock or respiratory distress caused by plasma leakage, or end-organ impairment, develops in 1 in 20 people with symptomatic dengue. Infants aged ≤1 year, pregnant people, adults aged ≥65 years, and people with certain medical conditions are at increased risk of severe dengue. Although a second DENV infection (i.e., with a different DENV from the first infection) carries a higher risk of severe disease than a first, third, or fourth infection, any infection can lead to severe disease.

Patients with symptoms compatible with dengue can be tested with both molecular and serologic diagnostic tests. All patients with suspected DENV infection should be tested with RT-PCR (i.e., a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)) or a NS1 antigen test, and also with IgM antibody test to confirm DENV infection. These tests can be considered regardless of the symptom onset date, although the test sensitivity of RT-PCR and NS1 antigen tests decrease after the first 7 days. IgG detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a single serum sample should not be used to diagnose a patient with acute dengue because it does not distinguish between current and previous DENV infection. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved testing is available at public health laboratories and some commercial laboratories. State, tribal, territorial, and local health departments, and CDC can offer additional testing guidance.

There are no antiviral medications approved to treat dengue. Treatment is supportive and requires careful volume management. Appropriate triage, management, and follow-up remain the most effective interventions to reduce dengue morbidity and mortality. Expectant management of patients at high risk for severe disease and rapid initiation of a standardized fluid replacement strategy recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) can decrease mortality from 13% to <1%. In June 2021, the Advisory Committee of Immunization Practices recommended a dengue vaccine, Dengvaxia , for children aged 9–16 years with laboratory confirmation of previous DENV infection and living in areas with frequent or continuous dengue transmission such as Puerto Rico. While the vaccine is considered safe and effective, the manufacturer (Sanofi Pasteur, Inc., Paris France) has discontinued production citing a lack of demand. Vaccine administration will continue in Puerto Rico until available doses expire in 2026.There are no vaccines recommended for travelers, adults, or persons without a previous DENV infection.

Dengue cases resurged globally after the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2023, more than 4.6 million cases and 4000 deaths were reported in the Americas region. As of June 24, 2024, more than 9.7 million dengue cases have been reported in the Americas, twice as many as in all of 2023 (4.6 million cases). Dengue transmission peaks during the warmer and wetter months in many tropical and subtropical regions. Dengue cases are likely to increase as global temperatures increase. Higher temperatures can expand the range of the mosquitoes that spread dengue, as well as affect other factors that facilitate virus transmission like faster viral amplification in the mosquito, increased vector survival, and changes in reproduction and biting rates. U.S. summer travel often overlaps with the months of increased dengue activity in many countries. Epidemics in the Americas region increase travel-associated cases and limited local transmission in the continental United States. A higher-than-expected number of dengue cases (total of 2,241 cases, including 1,498 in Puerto Rico) were reported in the United States from January 1 – June 24, 2024. Public health authorities in Puerto Rico declared a public health emergency in March 2024 because of the high number of cases reported during the low dengue season. Healthcare providers should be prepared to recognize, diagnose, manage, and report dengue cases to public health authorities; public health partners should investigate cases and disseminate clear prevention messages to the public. The CDC is actively implementing several strategies to address the increase in cases of dengue in the United States, including:

• Launching a program-led emergency response, which was activated on April 8, 2024.
• Providing regularly scheduled monthly situational updates on dengue to partners, stakeholders, and jurisdictions.
• Expanding laboratory capacity to improve laboratory testing approaches.
• Collaborating with State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Health Departments to strengthen dengue surveillance and recommend prevention strategies.
• Educating the public on dengue prevention.

Recommendations for Healthcare Providers

• Maintain a high suspicion for dengue among patients with fever and recent travel (within 14 days before illness onset) to areas with frequent or continuous dengue transmission .
• Consider locally acquired dengue among patients who have signs and symptoms highly compatible with dengue (e.g., fever, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, aches, pains, rash) in areas with competent mosquito vectors .
• Order appropriate FDA-approved dengue tests (RT-PCR and IgM antibody tests, or NS1 and IgM antibody tests), and do not delay treatment waiting for test results to confirm dengue.
• Know the warning signs for progression to severe dengue, which include abdominal pain or tenderness, persistent vomiting, clinical fluid accumulation, mucosal bleeding, lethargy or restlessness, and liver enlargement.
• For people with suspected dengue who do not have warning signs and are not part of a population at high risk for severe dengue, consider outpatient management with close follow-up.
• Teach patients about the warning signs that may appear as their fever starts to decline and instruct them to seek care urgently if they experience any warning signs.
• Recognize the critical phase of dengue. The critical phase begins when fever starts to decline and lasts for 24–48 hours. During this phase, some patients require close monitoring and may deteriorate within hours without appropriate intravenous (IV) fluid management.
• Hospitalize patients with severe dengue or any warning sign of progression to severe dengue and follow CDC/WHO protocols for IV fluid management .
• Follow local guidelines to report dengue cases to state, tribal, local, or territorial health departments.

Recommendations for State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Health Departments

• Use FDA-approved dengue tests. Ensure access to dengue testing for all patients with suspected dengue.
• Remind clinicians of the high risk of dengue among patients with fever who have been in areas with frequent or continuous dengue transmission .
• Remind clinicians that local transmission can occur in areas with competent vectors and to test patients with compatible illnesses even without a history of having been in an area with dengue.
• Inform healthcare providers and the public when locally acquired and travel-associated dengue cases are detected in the area.
• Report dengue cases to CDC via ArboNET , the national arboviral surveillance system managed by CDC and state health departments.
• Take the lead in investigating dengue cases and outbreaks.
• Consider targeted outreach about increasing dengue risk to healthcare providers more likely to identify dengue cases (i.e., travel medicine clinics, infectious disease physicians, or healthcare systems serving highly mobile populations such as migrant and border health clinics, and clinics with frequent travelers to areas with frequent or continuous dengue transmission) and messaging to populations at higher risk for dengue.

Recommendations for the Public

• Use Environmental Protection Agency-approved repellents during travel to and after returning from areas with frequent or continuous dengue transmission.
• Wear loose-fitting, long-sleeved pants and shirts.
• Use air conditioning and window screens when possible, to lower risk for mosquito bites indoors.
• Dump and drain containers that hold water to reduce mosquito egg-laying sites in your home and neighborhood.
• Seek medical care if you have a fever or have dengue symptoms and live in or traveled to an area with dengue outbreaks .
• If you plan international travel to a an area with frequent or continuous dengue transmission , protect yourself from mosquito bites during and after your trip.

For More Information

Healthcare Providers

• Clinical Testing Guidance for Dengue | Dengue | CDC
• Guidelines for Classifying Dengue | Dengue | CDC
• Clinical Features of Dengue | Dengue | CDC
• Dengue Case Management Pocket Guide | CDC
• Dengue During Pregnancy | Dengue | CDC
• Dengue Vaccine | Dengue | CDC
• Dengvaxia: What Healthcare Professionals Need to Know | Dengue | CDC
• Dengue | CDC Yellow Book 2024
• Dengue Clinical Management Course | Dengue | CDC
• Webinar: What Clinicians Need to Know about Dengue in the United States | CDC

Health Departments and Public Health Professionals

• Data and Statistics on Dengue in the United States | Dengue | CDC
• What You Can Do to Control Mosquitoes During an Outbreak | Mosquitoes | CDC
• ArboNET | Mosquitoes | CDC
• Dengue case investigation report | CDC
• Dengue Print Resources | Dengue | CDC
• Communication Resources | Mosquitoes | CDC
• Submitting Specimens for Dengue Virus Tests | Vector-Borne Diseases | CDC
• Preventing Dengue | Dengue | CDC
• Caring for a Family Member with Dengue | CDC
• Mosquito Control at Home | Mosquitoes | CDC
• Get Rid of Mosquitos at Home | CDC
• Your Infant has Dengue | CDC
• Areas with Risk of Dengue | Dengue | CDC
• Travel Health Notices | Travelers’ Health | CDC
• Find a Clinic | Travelers’ Health | CDC
• Pan American Health Organization. Epidemiological Update Increase in dengue cases in the Region of the Americas. https://www.paho.org/en/documents/epidemiological-update-increase-dengue-cases-region-americas-18-june-2024
• Wong JM, Adams LE, Durbin AP, et al. Dengue: a growing problem with new interventions. Pediatrics . 2022;149(6):e2021055522. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-055522
• Paz-Bailey G, Adams L, Wong JM, et al. Dengue vaccine: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2021. MMWR Recommendations and Reports . 2021;70(6):1–16. DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.rr7006a1 .
• World Health Organization. Disease Outbreak News; Dengue – Global situation. May 30, 2024.   https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2024-DON518

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Visa-free travel to China welcomed by people wanting to reunite with family

Jenny Zhang has plans to travel to China soon to reunite with her 100-year-old mum, and she has welcomed a move to give Australians visa-free entry for short trips.

"This is the best policy. It will provide great convenience to Chinese people living in Australia," she said.

"The Chinese community is very happy about this news."

The 15-day visa-free travel for Australians was announced by Chinese Premier Li Qiang on Monday, after a formal meeting with Prime Minister Anthony Albanese.

"We agreed to provide each other with reciprocal access to five-year multiple entry visas for tourism, business and visiting family members — so as to better facilitate personal exchanges, China will also include Australia in its Visa Waiver Program," the premier said.

This change will also save Australians about $110, the current cost for a single-entry tourist visa.

The new visa-free travel scheme is due to come in within the next few months.

China's tourism industry peaked in 2019 at a value of $580 billion and has been recovering slowly, according to Statista.

They had forecast that it could take another five years to bounce back to pre-pandemic levels.

Not everyone happy with move

While Ms Zhang was thrilled with the upcoming change, Ramila Chanisheff, the president of the Australian Uyghur Tangritagh Women's Association said it would not help members of her community.

"Our family members … we can not even talk to them — let alone visit them," she told the ABC.

"Not all of us will be given visas to visit our family members. And if we do, we will be worried about our safety."

Dawa Sangmo, the Chinese liaison officer of the Tibet Information Office in Canberra raised similar worries.

"The visa-free policy is not only an issue that relates to our safety, but a matter that is more beneficial to China and its government," she told the ABC.

There was not much detail in the announcement, but Premier Li did mention it would be "reciprocal", making it easier for Chinese travellers to enter Australia.

According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the second highest amount of tourists visiting Australia came from China, only behind arrivals from New Zealand, as of April this year.

However, overall, the amount of people travelling out of China is down 40 per cent from pre-COVID levels in 2019, Reuters reported.

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Taiwanese Are Told to Avoid China After It Threatens Independence Backers

Beijing released new rules calling for execution of “diehard” Taiwanese independence supporters, as hostilities surrounding Taiwan’s status rise.

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By Eve Sampson

Taiwan raised its warning level for travel to China on Thursday, urging its citizens not to visit there unless necessary after Beijing spelled out potential punishments — including execution in extreme cases — for what it called “diehard supporters of Taiwanese independence.”

China regards Taiwan, a democratically governed island of 23 million about 100 miles off the mainland coast, as its territory. It demands that Taiwan ultimately accept unification and has long denounced Taiwanese who oppose its claims to the island.

Last week, China turned up the pressure, issuing legal guidelines that detailed the steps it might take to punish supporters of Taiwanese self-rule. They came as tensions between U.S.-backed Taiwan and China ratchet ever higher. Last month, Taiwan swore in a new president, Lai Ching-te, who has vowed to preserve democracy on the island and is denounced by Beijing.

The new rules adopted by China authorize execution for what it describes as exceptionally severe cases of Taiwanese separatism, though the language stops short of saying exactly what actions might constitute a severe offense.

In response , Taiwan’s Mainland Affairs Council, which deals with policy toward the mainland, said Beijing had “raised the risk to personal safety for nationals traveling to China, Hong Kong and Macau” by “clinging to its own position” on Taiwan.

The new president, Mr. Lai, criticized the new rules. “China has no right to sanction Taiwanese people for their political opinions or pursue prosecution across borders,” he said on social media earlier this week. “Democracy is not a crime; autocracy is what’s truly malicious.”

Mr. Lai called on China to engage in dialogue, and has stopped short of calling for Taiwanese independence. He says he wants to preserve the status quo, with Taiwan enjoying autonomous governance.

Beijing, however, has denounced Mr. Lai, declaring him a separatist and greeting his new government with inflammatory rhetoric and a flurry of military exercises near the island.

Despite Beijing’s escalating antagonism and its military muscle-flexing, many Taiwanese appear sanguine. A recent poll showed that most people on the island believe that the United States would intervene should China invade, but some question whether Washington and their own government have nettled Beijing needlessly.

Beijing has a history of detaining people linked to Taiwan.

In 2023, a Taiwanese-based Chinese citizen, Li Yanhe , who published books critical of the Chinese Communist Party, was charged with crimes against national security. And in 2022, a democracy advocate, Li Ming-che, was released after serving five years in Chinese prison over accusations of subverting the government.

A generational gap in travel has also emerged among Taiwanese, fraying ties to the mainland. A 2023 poll showed that travelers over 40 years old were much more likely to visit China than their younger counterparts, who were more likely to visit Japan.