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B-1/B-2 Visitor Visa, Explained

Understanding the b visas for u.s. business and tourism, in this guide.

• How long does it take to get a B-1/B-2 visa? 
• How many times can you visit the U.S. with a B-1/B-2 Visa? 
• B-1/B-2 Visa Cost
• Can you change status from B1/B2?
• Required documents for a travel visa
• Frequently Asked Questions
• Boundless guides
• B-1/B-2 Visas

What is a B-1/B-2 visa?

A B-1/B-2 visa is a non-immigrant , visa that allows foreign nationals to travel to the United States temporarily for business (B-1), tourism (B-2), or a mix of both (B1/B2). This visa category is widely used for brief visits to the U.S. B visas are typically valid for up to 10 years from the issue date, and travelers to the U.S. can stay up to 180 days, with the option to return to the U.S. again after that time.

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How long does it take to get a B-1/B-2 visa?

As of December 2023, the average wait time (processing time) for most B1/B2 visa interview appointments is between 2 months (Brazil) to 2+ years (Canada). To check the wait time for your specific embassy or consulate, enter your city in this  handy State Department tool  under the section “Appointment Wait Time.” Note that if you are applying for an interview in a country other than your home country, wait times may be longer.

How long can you stay in the USA on a B-1/B-2 Visa?

A maximum of 6 months may be obtained for any B-1/B-2 entry, with the possibility for extensions within the U.S. in qualifying cases. The exact duration varies per visa holder, but you can typically stay in the U.S. for up to six months. The B1/B2 visa is a multiple-entry visa, which means you can use it to enter the U.S. more than once. There’s no set limit to the number of times you can visit the U.S. in a year, and it depends on the specific circumstances and discretion of the CBP officers who review your case each time you enter.

It’s important to remember that the B1/B2 visa is intended for temporary, occasional visits for business, tourism, or medical treatment. It’s not meant to be used for living long-term in the U.S. or spending the majority of your time in the country.

What’s the difference between a B1 visa and a B2 visa?

The B1 is used for short business trips (conferences, meetings, contract negotiations, etc). Those with B1 visas cannot work in the U.S. in the traditional sense, as of March 2023, B1 or B2 visa holders can apply for jobs in the U.S. and attend interviews. 

The B2 (tourist visa) is for tourism, vacation, or visiting friends and family. It also covers certain medical treatments and participation in social events or contests, like music or sports, without receiving pay. In most cases, a B1/B2 visa is issued together, allowing the holder to travel for both business and pleasure. 

How many times can you visit the U.S. with a B-1/B-2 Visa?

Depending on the context, the number of times you can visit the U.S. with a B visa varies. B1B2 visas are multiple-entry, meaning they can be used to enter the U.S. more than once. There’s no set limit to the number of times you can visit the U.S. in a year, and it depends on the specific circumstances and discretion of the CBP officers who review your case each time you enter.

If officers think you’re trying to live in the U.S. through frequent or extended visits, or if you’re not maintaining significant ties to your home country, they may suspect you’re misusing the visa, which could lead to denial of entry or future visa issues.

While there’s no official limit, it’s vital to respect the purpose and restrictions of your visa to avoid any problems. If you need guidance on your specific situation, it’s a good idea to consult with an immigration expert.

Currently, the government filing fee for a B visa is $185, which does not include the cost of gathering documents and evidence and acquiring passport photos.

Boundless has helped more than 100,000 people navigate the visa application process, and we’ll help you make a travel visa plan based on your unique situation. Get started today!

B visa requirements

A B1/B2 visitor visa is for many types of trips to the U.S., including business and non-business activities like tourism. If you want to apply for a B1 or B2 visa, you need to prove that your trip to the U.S. is only for a short time.

You must also show proof that you plan to return to your home country after your visit, and that you have a place to live outside the U.S. that you will not leave for good. These points help show that you will follow the rules of the B1/B2 visa.

Reasons for travel under a B1 visitor visa include:

• Business consultations : This might include meetings, negotiations, or discussions with business associates in the U.S.
• Attending conferences or seminars : This can cover professional, educational, scientific, or business conventions.
• Settling an estate : If someone inherits property or assets in the U.S., a B1 visa can allow them to handle these matters legally.
• Contract negotiations : If a person needs to sign or negotiate a contract with a U.S. company, a B1 visa is often the correct choice.
• Professional examination and licensing : Some professionals must be in the U.S. to take exams or get licenses only available there.

Reasons for travel under a B2 tourist visa include:

• Tourism : This could be sightseeing, visiting famous landmarks, exploring cities, or simply enjoying the country’s culture and atmosphere.
• Visiting family or friends : Many people use a B2 visa to visit their loved ones living in the U.S.
• Medical treatment : If someone requires medical treatment or a procedure that’s available in the U.S., they might apply for a B2 visa.
• Social events : Attending events like concerts, cooking classes, conventions, festivals, or other social gatherings can be another reason for using a B2 visa.
• Participation in events or contests : If the event doesn’t involve professional participation (like amateur tournaments or contests), a B2 visa could be suitable.
• Short courses of study : If the course duration is less than 18 hours per week, this falls under B2 visa regulations.

You cannot travel under this visa to engage any of the following:

• Long-term employment by a U.S. firm
• Paid performances, or any professional performance before a paying audience
• Arrival as a crewmember on a ship or aircraft
• Work as foreign press, in radio, film, print journalism, or other information media
• Permanent residence in the United States

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Boundless tip

The Visa Waiver Program allows nationals from certain countries to travel to the United States without a visa for business, tourism, or while in transit for up to 90 days. The program currently covers 38 countries and territories, including most countries in the European Union.

Canadian nationals also typically do not need a visa to enter the US for tourism purposes. Canadian nationals will need the appropriate visa if they have specific plans to study, work, or move permanently to the U.S.

Different entry requirements also apply to Canadian nationals, depending on whether they plan to work, study, invest, or immigrate. The maximum length of stay can vary, depending on circumstances, between 6 months and 1 year.

The B1 visa and B2 visa do not grant  permanent resident status  — they are temporary visas – but you can adjust your status from a B1/B2 visa to another type of visa while you are in the U.S., as long as you meet certain requirements. This process involves submitting a change of status application to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).

Here are a few key points to consider:

Key points to consider if you want to change status from B1/B2

• Purpose of stay : Your reason for wanting to stay in the U.S. should match the new visa type. For example, if you wish to study, you may apply to change to a student visa (F-1). If you find an employer willing to sponsor you, you could apply to change to a work visa (like H-1B).
• Timing : You should apply before your current status expires, typically indicated on the I-94 Arrival/Departure Record. USCIS recommends applying at least 45 days before your current status expires.
• Eligibility : Not everyone can change their status. For example, you cannot change your status if you entered the U.S. under the Visa Waiver Program unless it is due to marriage to a U.S. citizen.
• Status violation : If you’ve violated the terms of your current status (for instance, if you’ve started working while on a B1/B2 visa without authorization), you usually can’t change your status.
• Approval : Even if you meet all conditions and file an application, the final decision is up to USCIS.

If you’ve just married someone who’s a U.S. citizen or a permanent resident (they have a green card), you can also apply for a marriage green card. This lets you stay in the U.S. and live with your spouse. You can either apply for a green card while you’re still in the country in a process is called “adjustment of status” (AOS), or you can apply from your home country through what’s called consular processing. To find out if you’re eligible for a B1B2 visa or to change your status from a B1B2 visa, take our eligibility quiz. Get started today!

Documents needed to apply for a B1/B2 visa include:

• A passport valid for six months past the date of return
• A recent digital photograph that meets government requirements
• Documentation of the past five previous trips to the United States, if applicable
• Proof of funds to cover the entire cost of the trip, including travel, accommodation, and living expenses
• Proof of binding ties to the applicant’s home country, such as a job, property, or family

B1/B2 visa application process

Applications are processed by the United States Embassy or consulate in your country.

You will need to attend an interview before your visa is approved. You can attend an interview at an embassy or consulate in a third country, but you will likely wait longer for a visa appointment.

Steps to getting a B Visa

• First, you must complete the Online Non-Immigrant Application, Form DS-160. File the form online and print the confirmation page as you will need it for your interview.
• Upload your digital photo
• Attend the visa interview

As part of the process, ink-free, digital fingerprint scans are taken, typically at the interview. After the interview, the consular officer may request additional documents or information to make a decision about your case.

Boundless’ Travel Visa Service makes applying a breeze with online filing, 1:1 interview coaching, interview scheduling, and support if your visa is denied. Take our approval odds quiz to check your eligibility.

B-1 visas are issued for short business trips, while B-2 visas are issued for tourism purposes, such as vacations or visiting family.

If you’re looking to temporarily visit the U.S. for either holiday or work purposes, for example, attending a conference, touring a place or visiting relatives, then you can apply for a B-1/B-2 visa. You may need to show proof that you have ties to your home country, and that you plan on leaving the U.S..

When you enter the U.S., a customs officer will give you authorization to stay in the the country for up to six months . If you’d like to stay for longer, you may be able to apply to extend this for up to one year.

If you are nearing the end of your permitted stay in the U.S., then you may wish to extend it, especially since there can be future consequences if you stay in the U.S. longer than you were allowed to.

If you’re on a B-1 visa or a B-2 visa, you can request to extend your stay up to one year. To do this, you will need to file Form I-539 to extend or change your status. It’s recommended that you apply to extend your status at least 45 days before your authorized stay expires, so make sure you’re thinking ahead.

No. While you can enter the U.S. for business purposes, you cannot work or be employed by a U.S. employer. If you’re interested in working in the U.S. for a U.S. employer, you may be interested in other visa categories, such as the H-1B visa .

How can I renew my B1 visa or B2 visa?

If you would like to renew your B-1/B-2 visa, then you will need to go through the original process. Depending on the U.S. embassy or consulate where you apply, you may be able to complete your visa renewal without the need for an interview.

Should I apply for a B-1/B-2 visa or an ESTA?

If you are a citizen of one of the 38 countries that are part of the Visa Waiver Program , then you have the option of applying for an ESTA instead of a B1 visa or B2 visa.

Both allow you to enter the U.S. for the same reasons of tourism or business, but you can apply for the ESTA online. Entering the U.S. this way only permits you to stay for up to 90 days, however, so if you would like to stay in the U.S. for travel or business purposes for longer, the B-1/B-2 visitor visa may be an option for you.

Do Canadian citizens need a B-1/B-2 visa?

For casual business or tourism travel, most Canadian citizens don’t need a visa and will automatically be admitted on a B-1 visa or B-2 visa category.

Is the B-1/B-2 visa an immigrant or non-immigrant visa?

The B-1/B-2 visa is a non-immigrant visa, but if your circumstances change, for example, you marry a U.S. citizen or permanent resident, there are several paths from a visitor visa to a green card . Learn more to see how Boundless can help you avoid major headaches and make the process easier.

Do I need a certain amount of money in my bank account to be approved for a travel visa?

No. A common misconception about the travel visa process is that in order be approved, you must provide proof of a certain amount of funds in your bank account. Although financial considerations are one aspect of the B-1/B-2 process, and the consular officer may check to see if you are able to support yourself financially during your time in the U.S., there is no minimum required amount of funds that needs to be met. Evaluation of finances will vary from applicant to applicant, depending on a variety of other factors. Learn more common myths about the travel visa process in Boundless’ blog post .

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What Is the B-1/B-2 Visa?

The B-1/B-2 visa is a temporary, non-immigrant visa that allows foreigners to travel to the United States for business or tourism purposes. If you're traveling to the United States for a business conference or trip, you'll need a B-1 visa. The B-2 visa, on the other hand, covers tourism, such as vacations or visits with family. This article is a deep dive into the B-1/B-2 visa, explaining the visa requirements, who can apply, how much it costs, and how to apply. The article also answers some commonly asked questions about the B-1/B-2 visa.

Written by Jonathan Petts .  Written May 30, 2022

What are the B-1/B-2 visa requirements?

The B-1/B-2 visa allows people to travel to the United States for many reasons, including business activities and tourism. 

These reasons for travel, among others, all qualify under a B-1 visa or B-2 visa: 

Conducting business, such as attending a meeting with business associates 

Attending a professional, educational, or business conference

Settling a family member’s estate 

Taking a vacation or participating in other tourist activities 

Visiting family members 

Receiving medical treatment 

Attending events such as concerts or classes where the attendee receives no payment or credit 

However, the U.S. Department of State determines that you would not qualify for a B-1 or B-2 visa for these reasons for travel: 

Long term employment by a U.S. company

Paid or professional performances before a paying audience

Arrival as a crew member on a ship or aircraft

Work for the foreign press, including radio, film, and print journalism

Permanent residence in the United States 

A B-1/B-2 visa does not provide you with a green card or permanent resident status. It is a temporary visa. However, if you qualify, you may  apply  for a green card while in B-1/B-2 status. 

The maximum period of stay allowed by your B-1/B-2 visa is 180 days. It may also allow for multiple entries into the United States. 

Who can apply for a B-1/B-2 visa?

To qualify for B-1/B-2 visa eligibility, you will have to prove your travel to the United States is temporary, and you can afford all the costs of your trip. Under the U.S. Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), you will also have to show you do not intend to remain in the United States after your stay. You will have to prove you will not abandon your residence outside of the United States. 

These are the required documents to apply: 

A passport valid for six months after the date of your return 

A recent digital photograph that meets the U.S. government’s photo requirements

Documentation of your past five previous trips to the United States, if applicable 

Proof of funds to cover your entire trip, including travel, living accommodations, and other incidental expenses 

Evidence of ties to your home country, including family, a job, and property 

There are other options available to citizens of certain countries. The  Visa Waiver Program  (VWP) allows nationals of certain countries to travel to the United States with a U.S. visa for tourism or business purposes or while in transit for up to 90 days. This program includes 38 countries and territories, including most countries in the European Union. For citizens of China traveling to the United States for business or pleasure, you can enroll in the  Electronic Visa Update System  (EVUS). 

How much does it cost to get a B-1/B-2 visa?

The filing fee for a B-1/B-2 visa application is $160. This amount does not include the cost of gathering required documents, evidence, and passport photos. You may also have to pay additional visa issuance fees, which vary depending on your home country. However, there are certain circumstances where you may not have to pay at all. For example, if you are working for the U.S. government or visiting for a charitable event, you may not have to pay a fee.

How to apply for a B-1/B-2 visa

To apply for a B-1/B-2 visa, you will need to submit your application to the U.S. embassy or U.S. consulate in your home country. You can undergo a visa interview in a third country, but your visa application process will take longer. 

You will follow this process: 

Complete Form DS-160 , “Online Non-Immigrant Application.” You will file the form online and print the confirmation page for your visa interview. 

Upload the digital photo. 

Pay the visa application fee. 

Schedule and attend an interview with a consular officer at the U.S. consulate or U.S. embassy in your home country. You will need to provide a fee receipt at your interview and the confirmation page of your Form DS-160. 

You will also have to undergo digital, ink-free fingerprint scans. The consular officer may take these at the time of your interview. After your interview, they may decide your application requires additional information and processing. They will tell you if this is the case. 

What is the length of stay for a B-1/B-2 visa?

When you enter the United States at a port of entry, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officer will authorize you to stay for up to six months. Your  Form I-94 , available online, will have the most information on how long you can stay in the country. You may wish to remain in the United States for longer on your trip. Temporary visa holders can extend their visas for up to one year through an application. 

Can you extend your B-1/B-2 visa?

If you want to extend your visa, you can extend your visa by filing  Form I-539 , "Application to Extend or Change Nonimmigrant Status." It would be best to extend your visa at least 45 days before your visa expires, so it is essential to think ahead. You can file this form by yourself.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) 

Here are some answers to commonly asked questions about the B-1/B-2 visa, including whether you can work as a visa recipient, whether Canadians need to apply for this visa, whether you should use ESTA or a B visa, and the process of renewal. 

Can you work on a B-1/B-2 visa?

No, you cannot work while in the United States on a B-1/B-2 visa. While you can enter the United States as a business visitor, such as for a business convention, you cannot work for a U.S. employer. If you want to  work in the United States for a U.S. employer, you should look for another visa category, such as the  H-1B visa . 

Do Canadians need a B-1/B-2 visa to visit the United States?

Canadian nationals typically do not need a visa to enter the United States unless they plan to work, stay, invest, or immigrate. Depending on your circumstances, your maximum length of stay could be between 6 months to 1 year. 

If you qualify, should you use ESTA or a B-1/B-2 visa?

The  Visa Waiver Program  (VWP) allows residents of 38 countries to enter the United States through an Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) instead of a B-1/B-2 visa. You can  apply for an ESTA  online and enter the United States for business or tourism purposes that way. 

However, you can only stay for up to 90 days. If you wish to stay longer in the United States, the B-1/B-2 visitor visa may be a better choice. 

What is the process to renew a B-1/B-2 visa?

To renew your B-1/B-2 visa, you will have to undergo the initial application process again. This means you will need to file a new Form DS-160, upload a photo, pay the fee, and attend your visa interview. However, it depends on the U.S. embassy or consulate where you submitted your visa application. You may be able to renew your visa without another interview.

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USCIS Guide

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B-1 Business Visitor Visa Requirements

1. what is a b-1 business visitor visa, 2. who is eligible for a b-1 business visitor visa, 3. what activities are allowed with a b-1 business visitor visa, 4. how long is a b-1 business visitor visa valid for, 5. how do i apply for a b-1 business visitor visa, 6. how much does it cost to apply for a b-1 business visitor visa, 7. how long does it take to process a b-1 business visitor visa application, 8. what documents are required to apply for a b-1 business visitor visa, 9. can i extend my stay with a b-1 business visitor visa, 10. can i work with a b-1 business visitor visa, 11. can i bring my family with me on a b-1 business visitor visa, 12. are any special considerations given to citizens from certain countries regarding the issuance of a b-1 business visitor visa, 13. what type of travel insurance is recommended for visitors traveling on a b-1 business visitor visa, 14. can i change my nonimmigrant status to permanent resident status while i am in the united states under a b-1 business visitor visa, 15. are there any restrictions on the number of times i can enter and exit the united states with a b-1 business visitor visa, 16. what is the penalty for overstaying a b-1 business visitor visa, 17. are there any special requirements for minors traveling on a b-1 business visitor visa, 18. does the u.s consulate need to approve my return travel ticket before issuing me the visa, 19. are there any additional fees associated with obtaining or extending a b-1 business visitor visa, 20. can i open a u.s bank account while i am visiting on a b-1 business visitor visa.

B-1 and B-2 Visitor Visa Guide: All You Need to Know about Traveling to the U.S.

Are you planning a trip to the United States? You might need a visitor visa if you’re there for sightseeing, business meetings, or a little bit of both. These temporary visas, known as the B-1/B-2, are designed for someone visiting the United States temporarily.

Unlike visas for permanent residence , visitor visas allow you to enter the country for a specific period for business pleasure or a combination of both.

The United States recognizes the value of temporary visitors, and the B-1/B-2 visa program reflects this. Let’s learn all there is to know about the tourist visa in the U.S.A., the business visa, and the combination of business and tourist visa, helping you determine which visitor visa best suits your travel needs.

We’ll explain the B1/B2 eligibility requirements, the application process, and what to expect at your interview (if required). So, get ready to explore all the U.S. has to offer – with the proper visitor visa!

What Is a Visitor Visa? B1/B2 Visas for the U.S. Explained

Have you ever wondered what a travel visa is? Simply put, it’s a permission slip issued by a country that allows you to enter for a specific purpose and timeframe. Visitor visas, also known as B1/B2 visas in the United States, are a specific type of travel visa designed for temporary stays .

Think of them as guest passes to the U.S. These visas cater to two main categories: business and pleasure. A business visa, designated as B-1 , is for those engaging in commercial or professional activities during their visit. It means attending conferences, negotiating contracts, or participating in business consultations. It’s important to note that business visas don’t allow you to take on local employment or work for hire.

On the other hand, a tourist visa, known as the B2 visa , is perfect for leisure travel. This visa lets you explore the U.S. for vacations, visit friends and family, or even seek medical treatment. Many people apply for a combined B-1/B-2 visa, giving them the flexibility to address business and personal needs during their trip.

However, before you learn more about U.S. visitor visas from this guide, it’s worth checking the Visa Waiver Program (ESTA) if you’re from a participating country. ESTA offers a faster and cheaper alternative for short-term business or tourist visits, allowing stays of up to 90 days.

So, whether you’re a business professional on the go or a tourist yearning to explore the U.S., understanding visitor visas is the first step towards a memorable trip.

IMPORTANT ! Unlike some other visa categories, the B-1 (business) and B-2 (tourist) visas don’t offer a “dependent” option. This means that every visitor traveling on a B visa needs to qualify and apply for their visa separately . There’s no way to piggyback on someone else’s B visa status!

What Is the B1 Visa?

The B-1 visa is a particular visitor visa issued by the United States government for temporary business stays. It falls under non-immigrant visas, meaning it’s not intended for those seeking permanent residence. Think of it as a temporary work permit specifically for business purposes.

This visa is ideal for business travelers who must stay in the U.S. for weeks or months. It’s also crucial for those who aren’t eligible for the Visa Waiver Program, perhaps due to their nationality. Additionally, suppose you’re arriving in the U.S. on a private plane, yacht, or military aircraft and don’t qualify for visa-free entry. In that case, a B-1 visa is your ticket.

Exploring Activities Permitted with a B-1 Visa

The B-1 visa opens doors for temporary business ventures in the U.S. While it doesn’t allow traditional employment, it grants permission for various business-related activities during your visit. Let’s see a quick overview of the eligible activities under the B1 visa status :

Business Consultations

Attending Conferences/Seminars

Settling an Estate

Contract Negotiations

Professional Exams/Licensing

Description

Meetings, negotiations, and discussions with U.S. business associates.

Professional, educational, scientific, or business events.

Handling legal matters related to inherited property or assets in the U.S.

Signing or negotiating contracts with U.S. companies.

Participating in exams or obtaining licenses is only available in the U.S.

The B-1 visa covers temporary business needs, allowing you to connect with partners, attend industry events, navigate estate settlements, and even pursue professional qualifications only available in the U.S. The B1 is a springboard for fostering business collaborations, keeping you informed, and propelling your professional goals.

IMPORTANT ! B-1 visas are strictly for temporary business activities , not regular employment; therefore, you cannot receive payment from a U.S. source while on a B1 visitor visa!

B1 Visa Subcategories and Special Cases

While the B-1 visa generally restricts employment and formal education , there are some exceptions under specific circumstances. These exceptions aren’t separate visa categories but annotations considered by the U.S. consular officers during the visitor visa application process.

Here’s a closer look at these special B-1 subcategories:

• B-1 after-sales service visa: Companies selling equipment to the U.S. can leverage this visa to send assemblers for on-site service orders. Think of it as temporary technical support. These assemblers can perform tasks like installation, maintenance, and training, but the assembly work must be done by U.S. personnel.
• B-1 in place of H-1B visa (temporary project visa): Some professionals might be eligible for a B-1 visa for temporary projects in specific scenarios. This option can be viable when an H-1B visa, typically used for specialty occupations, might be challenging to obtain.
• B-1 instead of H-3 visa (short-term training): Under certain conditions, the B-1 category can be used for brief in-house training sessions or further employee education. It allows for skills development without needing a dedicated H-3 visa designed for trainee positions.

IMPORTANT ! These B1 business visa exceptions have strict requirements . Working with an immigration service provider or lawyer is highly recommended to determine if a particular B-1 visa category fits your situation.

What Is the B2 Visa?

The B-2 visa, or the Temporary Visitor for Pleasure visa , is your gateway to experiencing the United States for leisure purposes. Unlike the Visa Waiver Program, with its 90-day limit, a B-2 visa allows for extended stays , perfect for those wanting to immerse themselves in all the U.S. indeed has to offer. Beyond sightseeing, this visa caters to various personal pursuits, as outlined in the table below.

Reason for B2 Visa Request

Classic tourist activities

Connecting with loved ones

Seeking medical care

Engaging in social events

Participating in amateur competitions

Short-term studies

Eligible Activities

Sightseeing, exploring cities, experiencing U.S. culture

Visiting family or friends residing in the U.S.

Receiving specialized medical treatment available in the U.S.

Attending concerts, festivals, or recreational classes

Participating in non-professional sporting events or competitions

Enrolling in short, recreational courses (less than 18 hours per week)

Exploring Activities Permitted with a B-2 Visa

While the B-2 visa unlocks a world of leisure activities, it’s essential to understand its limitations. Employment, business ventures, formal training programs, and full-time student enrollment are generally not permitted.

Here’s what you can do with a B-2 visa:

• Enjoy leisure activities: sightseeing, visiting family/friends, participating in amateur events.
• Seek medical treatment.
• Accompany certain visa holders (e.g., spouse of a J-1 visa holder ).
• Take short, recreational courses (less than 18 hours/week).

IMPORTANT ! There are limited exceptions for receiving payments as a B-2 visa holder . You may be eligible for an honorarium and reimbursement of related expenses under the “ 9-5-6 rule .” This rule applies to academic activities at qualified institutions. Still, it has restrictions on duration (no more than 9 days per institution) and frequency (it cannot occur at more than 5 institutions within 6 months ).

B2 Visa Exceptions and Special Cases for Canadian Citizens

Canadians generally do not need a visa to enter the U.S. for short-term tourism . They can enter under the Visa Waiver Program. However, there are some exceptions:

• Canadians who plan to stay longer than 90 days must apply for a B-2 visitor visa.
• Canadians who have traveled to certain countries (Iran, Iraq, North Korea, Syria, Sudan, Yemen, Libya, or Somalia on or after March 1, 2011) are generally ineligible for the V.W.P. and will need a B-2 visa.
• Canadians with a second citizenship from Iran, Iraq, North Korea, Syria, or Sudan typically require a B-2 visa.
• Canadians entering by private plane or non-commercial vessel will likely need a B-2 visa.

The Canada visitor visa processing time can vary depending on the workload at the U.S. consulate or embassy where you apply, your circumstances, and any required background checks. It’s generally recommended that you apply well before your planned travel date.

What a B-1/B-2 Visa WON'T Allow You to Do in the U.S.

While B-1/B-2 visitor visas offer a gateway to the U.S. for temporary stays, you must understand their limitations. Here are the activities that require different visa categories and are NOT PERMITTED with a B1/B2 visa:

• Academic pursuits: Enrolling in a full-time degree program or participating in extensive training programs falls outside the scope of a B-1/B-2 visa. A student visa ( F-1 visa ) or exchange visitor visa ( J-1 visa ) might be more suitable.
• Formal employment: Working for a U.S. company or receiving any form of U.S.-based salary is strictly prohibited with a B-1/B-2 visa . Business visas or work visas are designed for such purposes.
• Professional performances: Performing for pay or showcasing your talents before a paying audience is not allowed with a B-1/B-2 visa . You’ll need the appropriate artist or entertainer visa if you’re a professional entertainer.
• Crew work: This visa isn’t intended for crew members arriving on ships or aircraft. Crew visas cater specifically to those working onboard these vessels.
• Media work: Journalists, reporters, and other media professionals in the U.S. require a media visa , not a B-1/B-2 visa.
• Permanent residency: B-1/B-2 visas are temporary. If you’re seeking permanent residence in the U.S., you must explore other visa categories designed for that purpose.
• Birth tourism: Traveling to the U.S. solely to give birth and obtain U.S. citizenship for your child is not permitted with a B-1/B-2 visa. There are specific regulations regarding birth tourism that require different visa categories.

IMPORTANT ! B1/B2 visas are designed for temporary visits focused on tourism, leisure, and personal connections. If your travel goals involve the above activities , consulting with immigration consultants or law firms can help you decide which visa type works best for your needs.

Visitor Visa U.S.A Requirements and B1/B2 Visa Eligibility Criteria

Whether you want to visit the U.S. for business, sightseeing, or reuniting with loved ones, the B-1/B-2 visa grants you temporary stays. Navigating the requirements and eligibility criteria can seem daunting, but things will get obvious soon. Our B1/B2 guide will tell you everything you need to know about obtaining a B-1/B2 visa, ensuring a successful application process for your future U.S. visit.

B-1 Visa Eligibility: Meeting the Requirements for Temporary Business Travel

The B-1 visa allows foreign nationals to enter the U.S. for legitimate business purposes. To qualify for this visa, you’ll need to meet the following criteria:

• Business purpose: The primary reason for your visit must be to conduct business activities that are legal and authorized in the U.S. This could involve attending conferences, negotiating contracts, or consulting with business associates.
• Limited stay: B-1 visas are for temporary stays. You’ll need to demonstrate a specific timeframe for your visit and have a return ticket or onward travel documentation.
• Financial resources: You must show sufficient financial resources to cover all your expenses during your stay in the U.S., including travel, accommodation, and living costs. If applicable, you should have bank statements, proof of employment, or a visa sponsor ‘s letter.
• Strong ties abroad: The U.S. wants to ensure you have a reason to return to your home country after your visit. They likely need proof of residence outside the U.S., a stable job, ownership of property, or close family ties.
• Admissibility: You must be deemed admissible to the U.S. in general. A criminal history or potential security concerns can make you ineligible.

IMPORTANT ! Meeting all these criteria is crucial for a successful B-1 visa application. If you have any questions or require further clarification, get help from a specialized immigration service provider or law firm!

Gearing Up for Your B-1 Trip: Pre-Departure Requirements

Before embarking on your business travels to the U.S., securing a B-1 visa is your first crucial step (unless you’re a Canadian citizen exempt from this requirement). Here’s what you need to know:

• Your journey begins at a U.S. embassy or consulate in your home country. Here is where you’ll formally apply for the B-1 visa.
• During your interview, be prepared to demonstrate two key things: sufficient financial resources to cover your entire stay in the U.S., and your visit is temporary.

IMPORTANT ! Obtaining a B-1 visa doesn’t automatically grant you entry into the U.S. The visa allows you to apply for admission at a U.S. port of entry, where a Customs and Border Protection (C.B.P.) officer will make the final decision.

B-2 Visa Eligibility: Meeting the Requirements for Temporary Tourism Travel

The B-2 visa is your gateway to explore the U.S. for temporary, leisure-oriented purposes. Here’s a breakdown of the essential requirements you’ll need to meet to qualify:

• Focus on temporary stays: Unlike visas intended for permanent residence, the B-2 visa is designed for short-term visits. You’ll need a clear plan for your trip, including documentation demonstrating your return home (travel itinerary, plane tickets, etc.).
• No immigration plans: The core principle behind the B2 visa is temporary leisure travel. This means you must convince the U.S. authorities that you have no intention of immigrating and establishing permanent residence in the U.S.
• Strong ties back home: To prove your non-immigrant status, you must have a permanent residence outside the U.S., a stable job, property ownership, etc. These “anchors” in your home country strengthen your application.
• Financial solvency: You’ll need to demonstrate sufficient financial resources to cover all your expenses during your stay in the U.S., just like in the case of B1 visas.

Visitor Visa for Parents to the U.S.A.

Can my parents visit me in the U.S.A. with a B1/B2 visa? This question requires a more ample answer. While family reunions are a heartwarming reason to visit the U.S., B1/B2 requirements are a bit more complex. 

If B1/B2 visa applicants (your parents) are not the spouse or child of an F-1 (student) or J-1 (exchange visitor) visa holder (and they are not), they will likely need a B-1/B-2 visa. This visa allows your parents to travel to the U.S. for tourism or personal reasons, allowing them to spend quality time with you.

Nevertheless (because exceptions exist), passport holders from certain countries might be eligible for a visa waiver. This program allows your parents visa-free travel for up to 90 days for tourism purposes. Your parents should check the U.S. D.O.S Visa Waiver Program website to see if their country is included.

Gearing Up for Your B-2 Trip: Pre-Departure Requirements

Your B2 pre-departure requirements are identical to the B1 visa. Many people believe they will begin their exciting U.S. journey by boarding the plane, but your trip begins by applying for a B-2 visa in your home country. As discussed, you must convince the U.S. embassy/consulate officer that you have sufficient financial resources to cover your entire U.S. stay and show evidence of a permanent residence/stable job/close family back home. Together with plane tickets or a travel itinerary, it strengthens your application for a temporary visitor visa approval.

B1 and B2 Visa Application Process and Required Documents

As you’ve seen in the previous sections of this B1/B2 guide, it’s hard to separate the visitor visas’ eligibility criteria, pre-departure preparation paperwork, and the actual application process. But let’s learn how to get a travel visa by focusing on each step and process.

1. Step One: B1/B2 Visa Online Application (Form DS-160)

This is your starting point. Locate the U.S. embassy or consulate website in your home country. They will provide instructions for completing the online application form, the DS-160. We recommend you answer all questions truthfully and completely. After submitting the Online Non-immigrant Visa Application , print the confirmation page.

IMPORTANT ! While filling out the DS-160 form, you’ll be prompted to upload a recent digital photograph that meets specific requirements, typically outlined on the embassy or consulate website. Ensure your photo adheres to these guidelines to avoid delays!

2. Step Two: Schedule Your Visa B1/B2 Interview

Most applicants require an interview with a consular officer. Schedule this interview at the U.S. embassy or consulate in your home country. While attending an interview in a third country is possible, it can significantly extend processing times.

IMPORTANT ! Generally, children under 14 and adults over 80 may be exempt from the interview requirement, but this can vary by location. Always check the specific guidelines for your embassy or consulate!

You should also know that B1/B2 visa interview wait times can vary depending on location, season, and visa category. For this reason, you should plan accordingly and apply for a U.S. visa well before your intended travel date. You can find the estimated wait times on the embassy or consulate website . 

For example, the average appointment wait time for the mandatory interview for B1/B2 visitor visa applicants is 39 days if you are from Bucharest, Romania . If you are from Sofia, Bulgaria, your required B1/B2 interview waiting time is 1 calendar day . Are you from Singapore and want to travel to the U.S. with a B1 or B2 travel visa? You’ll have to plan your trip so that you factor in your required interview wait time of 21 calendar days .

3. Step Three: Prepare for Your B1/B2 Interview

Now that you know how to apply for a tourist visa to the U.S.A., it’s time to discuss fees. You must first review the embassy or consulate website for any non-refundable visa application fees you might need to pay before your interview. The application’s general fee is $185, but you may also incur a visa issuance fee upon approval (depending on your nationality).

Another sub-step you must take when preparing for the B1 or B2 visitor visa interview is ensuring you have all the necessary paperwork to present . It typically includes: 

• A passport valid for at least six months beyond your planned U.S. stay (exceptions may apply depending on your country).
• The printed confirmation page from your completed DS-160 form.
• The application fee payment receipt (if applicable).
• One printed copy of your photograph (in case the online upload fails).

We will present a more extensive B1/B2 visa documents checklist shortly. Now, let’s take even more steps toward obtaining a U.S. visitor visa!

4. Step Four: Attend Your B-1/B-2 Visa Interview

As for all visa applications, the interview is a crucial part of the process. The embassy officer will assess your eligibility for the B1/B2 visa. Be prepared to demonstrate that your visit aligns with the U.S. travel visa regulations.

IMPORTANT ! Fingerprint scans are typically taken at this time (though this can vary by location). Also, the visa officer may request additional documentation or information to make a final decision on your application.

5. Step Five: Prepare Your Trip Further after the Interview

The consular officer will inform you of the next steps after your interview. In some cases, further administrative processing might be required, which can extend the waiting period. Moreover, upon your B1/B2 approval, you may need to pay the issuance fee (if applicable) and arrange for the return of your passport containing the visa.

6. Step Six: Enter the United States

With an approved B1/B2 visa, you can plan your trips to the U.S. any way you want. Remember, however, that the travel visa permits you to apply for entry at a U.S. port of entry (typically an airport). The final decision to allow entry remains with Homeland Security officials at Customs and Border Protection.

If all goes well and you enter the U.S., a C.B.P. officer will grant you an admission stamp or a Form I-94 (Arrival/Departure Record) . For more information on entry requirements, restrictions on goods you can bring, and other vital details, you should visit the C.B.P. website before even considering getting those plane tickets.

B1/B2 Visa Documents Checklist

A successful B1/B2 visa application hinges on having the necessary documentation in order. This will streamline the process and demonstrate your eligibility to the consular officer. Here is the required and recommended paperwork to compile BEFORE your B1/B2 interview.

Mandatory B1 and B2 Visas Documents

Valid passport

Recent digital photo

Non-immigrant visa application (form DS-160) confirmation page

Visa fee payment receipt (if applicable)

Explanation

You need passport validity for a minimum of 6 months beyond your intended departure from the U.S. Ensure it has enough blank pages for the visa stamp.

A digital photo meeting specific requirements (available on the embassy/consulate website) must be uploaded during your online DS-160 application.

Print the confirmation page after completing the online DS-160 form. This serves as proof of your application.

Some embassies/consulates require payment of the visa application fee upfront. Keep the receipt for your interview.

Additional Recommended B1/B2 Visa Documents

While not mandatory, these documents can significantly strengthen your application by providing evidence for your temporary visit and strong ties to your home country. Some visa officers may request them during the interview, so ensure you are prepared for anything.

Proof of employment

Proof of funds

Evidence of travel itinerary

Proof of accommodation

Proof of ties to home country

Invitation letter (optional)

A letter from your employer stating your current employment status, leave of absence for your trip, and expected return date.

Bank statements, proof of income, or a sponsor's letter (if applicable) demonstrating sufficient financial resources to cover your entire U.S. stay.

A planned itinerary outlining your intended activities and locations during your visit to the U.S.

Hotel reservations, rental agreements, or a letter from a host if staying with someone in the U.S.

Documents like property ownership deeds, family photos, or a letter explaining ties to your home country can solidify your intent to return after the visit.

An invitation letter from a U.S. contact (friend, family, or business associate) can be helpful, but it's not a requirement.

IMPORTANT ! Always consult the specific requirements of the U.S. embassy or consulate in your country for any additional documents they might request. No matter where you attend your interview, organize your documents neatly and chronologically for an uneventful interview process!

How Long Does It Take to Get a B1/B2? Visitor Visa Processing Times and Timeline

Unfortunately, there’s no single answer to how long it takes to get a B1/B2 travel visa. The processing time vastly depends on several factors:

• Embassy/consulate workload: Locations with a high volume of applications, like major cities and capitals, will naturally have longer wait times.
• Your location: Applying from a country other than your residence can delay additional processing. For instance, applying for a U.S. visa in Canada (a popular option) might take longer than applying from your home country due to the sheer volume of applications processed there.

Let’s break down the timelines and the timeframe into smaller pieces to give you a general idea:

The interview appointment wait time can range from 2 months to over 2 years, depending on the abovementioned factors. You can check your embassy or consulate’s wait time using the State Department’s online calculator.

IMPORTANT ! To give you a heads up, if you are from Madrid, Spain , the wait time for the B1/B2 interview can be up to 700 calendar days . We checked! However, if you are from Santiago, Chile, you’ll have to wait 2 calendar days for the interview. So plan your trip very, very carefully!

Next, you will have to deal with something called “standard processing.” Once you’ve submitted your application and attended the interview, the standard processing time typically lasts 3-6 weeks. In some cases, due to high application volume or additional scrutiny, processing can take up to 3 months or even longer.

IMPORTANT ! While the standard B1/B2 visa processing time after the interview is 3-6 weeks , factor in the appointment wait time (which can vary dramatically) to get a more realistic timeframe for your B1/B2 visa application. It’s always wise to avoid making travel arrangements until you have your visa in hand!

How Much Is a Visa to the U.S.A.? B1 and B2 Visa Costs Explained

Budgeting for your B-1/B-2 visa application is not rocket science.

The B1/B2 visa application fee itself sits at $185.

However, this is just the tip of the iceberg regarding the total expenses you must factor in when you apply for a visitor visa to the U.S. Let’s see other potential expenses to consider when you plan your “for business” or “for pleasure” trip to America:

• Non-mandatory fees: Some embassies or consulates might have additional charges for services like visa application kit purchases or biometric data collection. Always check their website for specific details.
• Travel and documentation costs: Gathering required documents like passport photos or translations can incur some fees, depending on your location.
• Financial proof: While there’s no minimum amount for a B1/B2 visa set in stone, you’ll need to demonstrate comfortable financial resources to cover your entire U.S. stay. Naturally, the amount will vary depending on your planned duration of stay, activities, and accommodation choices. A good rule of thumb is to have enough funds to cover your daily expenses, travel costs, and potential incidental charges.

IMPORTANT ! Consular officers always look for evidence that you can support yourself financially during your visit and will not become a burden on the U.S. social system . Having a healthy bank account balance will undoubtedly strengthen your application!

B1/B2 Visa Length of Stay, Extending Your Stay and Changing Your Status

Many people wonder how long does a visa last? The answer is this: upon entering the U.S., a customs officer will grant you an authorized B1/B2 stay period . This is typically for a maximum of 6 months . Still, the officer will determine the actual duration at the port of entry based on your circumstances and trip itinerary.

B1/B2 Visa Stay Extension

If your initial authorization isn’t enough time for your plans, you might be eligible to extend your B1/B2 visa stay . This extension can be for a maximum of six months , bringing your total potential stay in the U.S. to one year.

Extending your B1/B2 visa is not automatic. You must submit a formal application with USCIS before your initial authorized stay expires .

Consequences of Overstaying Your B1/B2 Visa

Your failure to depart the U.S. by your authorized end date puts you in “out of status” territory. This can have serious consequences. Under U.S. law, the visas of individuals who overstay become void. This means any previously issued multiple-entry B1/B2 visa will no longer be valid for future U.S. entries. Moreover, overstaying can also make you ineligible for obtaining other U.S. visas in the future.

Changing Your B1/B2 Visa Status

Life is unpredictable, so if your plans change in the U.S. (e.g., marriage to a U.S. citizen or a job offer from a U.S. employer ), you might be eligible to apply for a status change to another visa category through USCIS. 

While you are still in the U.S., a change of status application eliminates the need for a new visa. However, if you leave the U.S., you must apply for a new visa in the appropriate category at a U.S. embassy or consulate before re-entering the country.

Now that you know how long a B1/B2 visa lasts, it’s time to learn how many times you can visit the U.S. with a valid B1/B2 visa.

B1 Business Visa to B2 Tourist Visa: Can You Make the Status Switch While in the U.S.?

The B1/B2 visa offers business and leisure travel flexibility, but what if your plans change after arrival? Let’s explore the possibility of switching your B1 business visa to a B2 tourist visa while you’re already in the U.S.

Changing status to a different B visa category is possible under certain circumstances. This means you can transition from your B-1 business visa to a B-2 tourist visa if you meet the eligibility criteria and petition with USCIS. Here’s what you need to know and do:

• Make your visa status change reasons clear: The core principle is that your new purpose for staying in the U.S. aligns with the B2 tourist visa’s intended use (sightseeing, visiting family, etc.). 
• Timing is of the essence: Don’t wait until the last minute! You should submit your change of status application before your current B1 visa expires, typically noted on your I-94 Arrival/Departure Record. USCIS recommends applying at least 45 days beforehand to ensure a smooth process. 
• Meet the eligibility requirements: Not everyone qualifies for a change of status. For example, if you entered under the Visa Waiver Program (ESTA), you generally cannot change to a B2 visa unless it’s due to marriage to a U.S. citizen.
• Maintain your status: If you’ve violated the terms of your B1 visa (like unauthorized work), you’ll likely be ineligible for a change of status to B2 or otherwise.

IMPORTANT ! It all depends on USCIS approval. Meeting the criteria and submitting an application doesn’t guarantee your success. The final decision rests with USCIS, so if you are serious about changing your visa from B1 to B2, seek legal counsel and specialized immigration assistance.

How Many Trips to the U.S. Can You Make with a 6-Month B1/B2 Visa?

The good news is that a 6-month grant by a C.B.P. officer at the port of entry does not limit you to a single visit. A B1/B2 visa is a multiple-entry visa , meaning you can use it to enter the U.S. multiple times during its validity period (which could be up to 10 years).

There’s no magic number for how many visits you are allowed within a year. However, each time you enter, a Customs officer will assess your situation to determine if you’re following the B1/B2 visa rules.

Here are the key points to remember:

• The B1/B2 visa is designed for short-term visits, like business trips, vacations, or medical treatment. Spending most of your time in the U.S. or attempting to reside there would be considered misuse.
• Having strong bonds to your home country (job, property, family) demonstrates that you intend to return after your U.S. visit, which is crucial for C.B.P. officers.
• At the port of entry, the C.B.P. officer has the final say on whether you’re admitted and for how long. Frequent or extended visits within a short timeframe could raise red flags.

IMPORTANT ! While a 6-month B-1 or B-2 visa grant doesn’t restrict you to one entry, focus on making legitimate temporary visits while maintaining solid connections to your home country to avoid issues with C.B.P. officers during future entries.

B1/B2 Visa Denial: What Happens Next and How to Bounce Back

So, your B1/B2 visa application was denied. While disappointing, it doesn’t necessarily mean your U.S. travel or business dreams are dashed forever. Here is what you need to know and do:

Understand the B-1 and B-2 Denial Reasons

There are several reasons why a B1/B2 visa application might be denied. Here are some common ones:

• Ineligibility due to not meeting the visa requirements, missing essential documents, or engaging in fraud or misrepresentation during the application process.
• You failed to prove sufficient ties to your home country and raised concerns that you might intend to stay in the U.S. beyond your authorized visit.
• Your application and interview responses might not have aligned with the intended use of the B1/B2 visa (business, tourism, etc.).

Try for a Second Chance By Reapplying for a B-1 or B-2 Visitor Visa

The good news is you can reapply for a B1/B2 visa. Except for a specific refusal type (221(g) – which requires additional documents), you must submit a new application and pay the associated fee again. Here are some tips to make the second time around better:

Carefully analyze the reason(s) for the denial mentioned in your official notification . It will help you correct the specific errors in your previous application.

For instance, if the insufficient bond to your home country was a concern, focus on gathering more robust documentation like proof of employment, property ownership, or family connections. On the other hand, if your denial stemmed from a lack of a clear travel purpose, consider waiting until you have a more concrete itinerary or business meeting planned before reapplying.

IMPORTANT ! B1 and B2 visa refusal rates can be significant, with statistics indicating a 35.02% denial rate for B2s in 2023 . However, understanding the potential reasons for denial and strategically preparing your reapplication can increase your chances of success. Learn from your first experience, work with a specialized visa attorney or immigration expert, follow the steps, and secure your U.S. visa on your next try!

Are You Ready to Visit the United States for Business or Pleasure?

The U.S. visa application is a complex process, and a B1/B2 denial can be discouraging. But don’t let that deter your U.S. travel dreams! Our experienced lawyers and immigration consultants can guide you through every step, from ensuring you meet eligibility requirements to crafting a compelling application showcasing your strong ties to your home country. We can also help you navigate the DS-160 form, answer your questions about status changes, and provide in-depth information about what to choose between the B1 and B2 visas!

We are not a law firm, and this site and our software are not a substitute for the advice of a lawyer and do not contain or constitute legal advice. We are not affiliated with or sponsored by the United States government or any government agency. This site provides general information on some commonly encountered immigration matters only and was created to allow you to more simply navigate your completion of immigration paperwork using online software. The content on this site should not be relied on to reach conclusions about any person’s specific situation. Self-help software and customer support services are provided solely at a user’s direction. Customer support is for technical and billing issues only and will not answer legal questions. We do not provide legal advice, opinions, or recommendations about any individual’s specific legal rights, remedies, defenses, options, or strategies. We do not make form recommendations or recommend or provide answers to specific questions on forms, and communications between you and us are not protected by any privilege. Purchase prices do not include applicable government agency filing or biometrics fees, if any. The forms that can be completed using our software can be obtained for free from the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) as blank forms with written instructions. Automated eligibility quizzes were created using instructions, rules and regulations published by the USCIS and only indicate whether you meet minimum eligibility requirements to apply for the given immigration benefit. Quiz results do not guarantee eligibility or ineligibility as you may or may not be eligible based on reasons not addressed in the quizzes. Your access to and use of this site, including any purchase, is subject to and constitutes your agreement to the website  Privacy Policy  and  Terms of Use . Refunds will only be issued if requested within thirty (30) days and before completed application is printed. Exceptions and restrictions may apply; see  Refund Policy for details.

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• Applying for a B-1 or B-2 Visa as a Foreign National Professional or Tourist

A brief visit to the U.S. for business or tourism often requires getting a B-1 visa (for business travelers) or a B-2 visa (for tourists). If you are coming from a country that participates in the visa waiver program , however, you may not need a visa at all if you are coming only for a short trip.

If you are eligible for a B-1 or B-2 visa, the process is usually simple. Most denials of B visas are based on a failure to comply with formal procedures, though, so you should make sure to take each step required. You will need to not only submit the main form for the visa but also provide additional documents to show the duration of your stay and your intent to return to your home country. You must pay certain fees associated with your application. At the end of the process, you will need to attend an interview at a U.S. consulate in your home country.

Documents for a B-1 or B-2 Visa Application

The main form for a B visa is known as Form DS-160, which is a Nonimmigrant Visa Application. You must complete this form online at the State Department website. Then, you will need to print a page with a bar code to show that you have completed the form, and you must take the page to the consular interview. Before the interview, you will need to pay the visa application fee and get a receipt. The U.S. consulate in your area will tell you where to pay the fee. In some cases, a foreign national who lives in a country that charges fees for visas to U.S. citizens will need to pay an additional fee. However, you can pay the visa reciprocity fee (also known as a visa issuance fee) at your consular interview.

• 1 Form DS-160 receipt
• 2 Visa application fee receipt
• 4 A passport
• 5 Evidence of travel arrangements
• 6 A letter from an employer, if applicable
• 7 Evidence of the reason for travel
• 8 Evidence of intent to return home
• 9 Evidence of financial resources

Other documents that you will need to provide include a photo and a passport. The photo must be two inches by two inches, and you may want to get it from a professional photographer, who will know the requirements for these photos. Your passport must not expire for at least six months after the projected end of your trip to the U.S. Also, you may need to provide evidence of your travel arrangements, including an itinerary, transportation tickets, and especially your ticket home. Foreign nationals who are seeking a B-1 visa will need to bring a letter from their employer that explains the purpose of their business trip to the U.S. The employer will need to establish that the foreign national will not receive payment from any U.S. sources and will return home on a certain date. If your trip involves an organized event, such as a business conference, you may want to provide materials related to the event.

Two main areas of concern for a consular officer are whether the foreign national will overstay their visa and whether they will need public assistance in the U.S. You can address the first concern by showing that you own a home or have a long-term lease in your home country, as well as family members and a job there. In response to the second concern, you may need to fill out a Form I-134 to show that you will not need a job or welfare for support. You also might bring a letter from someone in the U.S. with whom you will be staying, in addition to bank statements and pay stubs that show your available funds and income sources.

Last reviewed October 2023

Immigration Law Center Contents   

• Immigration Law Center
• Green Cards and Lawful Permanent Residence in the U.S.
• Becoming a U.S. Citizen Under Naturalization Law
• Immigrant Visas Leading to Lawful Permanent Residence in the U.S.
• Non-Immigrant Visas Providing a Legal Basis for Temporary Residence in the U.S.
• Work Visas Allowing Foreign Nationals to Legally Enter the U.S.
• Family Immigration Options Under the Law
• Investor Visas Providing Legal Status in the U.S.
• B-1 Visas Allowing Foreign National Business Travelers to Legally Enter the U.S.
• B-2 Visas Allowing Foreign National Tourists to Legally Enter the U.S.
• Student Visas Allowing Foreign Nationals to Legally Enter the U.S.
• Denials of Visas or Green Cards & Your Legal Options
• Consular Interviews When Seeking a Visa or Green Card
• VAWA Petitions for Foreign Nationals Affected by Domestic Violence & Seeking Legal Status in the U.S.
• How Children of Foreign Nationals Affected by Domestic Violence Can Legally Obtain Immigration Status
• Work Authorization for Foreign Nationals Without Green Cards
• How Foreign Nationals Unable to Return Home Safely May Legally Qualify for Temporary Protected Status
• Asylum for Foreign National Refugees
• Humanitarian Parole for Foreign Nationals With Compelling Needs
• Advance Parole for Foreign Nationals Living in the U.S. Without Green Cards
• Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) and Temporary Legal Protections From Deportation
• Visa Waiver Program for Brief Visits to the U.S. Without Formal Legal Status
• Grounds for Finding a Foreign National Legally Inadmissible to the U.S.
• How the Deportation Legal Process Works
• Appeals of Immigration Decisions Through the Legal Process
• LGBTQ+ Individuals Facing Immigration Legal Issues
• Inspections of Foreign Nationals Seeking to Legally Enter the U.S.
• Unlawful Presence in the U.S. & Legal Penalties
• Tax Law Issues for Visa or Green Card Holders
• Waivers of Legal Inadmissibility to the U.S.
• How a Criminal Record Legally Affects Immigration Status
• How Social Media Use Can Affect Legal Admissibility to the U.S.
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• Fact Sheets

Frequently Asked Questions: Guidance for Travelers to Enter the U.S.

Updated Date: April 21, 2022

Since January 22, 2022, DHS has required non-U.S. individuals seeking to enter the United States via land ports of entry and ferry terminals at the U.S.-Mexico and U.S.-Canada borders to be fully vaccinated for COVID-19 and provide proof of vaccination upon request.  On April 21, 2022, DHS announced that it would extend these requirements. In determining whether and when to rescind this order, DHS anticipates that it will take account of whether the vaccination requirement for non-U.S. air travelers remains in place.

These requirements apply to non-U.S. individuals who are traveling for essential or non-essential reasons. They do not apply to U.S. citizens, Lawful Permanent Residents, or U.S. nationals.

Effective November 8, 2021, new air travel requirements applied to many noncitizens who are visiting the United States temporarily. These travelers are also required to show proof of COVID-19 vaccination. All air travelers, including U.S. persons, must test negative for COVID-19 prior to departure. Limited exceptions apply. See  CDC guidance  for more details regarding air travel requirements.

Below is more information about what to know before you go, and answers to Frequently Asked Questions about cross-border travel.

Entering the U.S. Through a Land Port of Entry or Ferry Terminal

Q. what are the requirements for travelers entering the united states through land poes.

A:  Before embarking on a trip to the United States, non-U.S. travelers should be prepared for the following:

• Possess proof of an approved COVID-19 vaccination as outlined on the  CDC  website.
• During border inspection, verbally attest to their COVID-19 vaccination status. 
• Bring a  Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative  compliant border crossing document, such as a valid passport (and visa if required), Trusted Traveler Program card, a Department of State-issued Border Crossing Card, Enhanced Driver’s License or Enhanced Tribal Card when entering the country. Travelers (including U.S. citizens) should be prepared to present the WHTI-compliant document and any other documents requested by the CBP officer.

 Q. What are the requirements to enter the United States for children under the age of 18 who can't be vaccinated?

A:  Children under 18 years of age are excepted from the vaccination requirement at land and ferry POEs.

Q: Which vaccines/combination of vaccines will be accepted?

A:  Per CDC guidelines, all Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved and authorized vaccines, as well as all vaccines that have an Emergency Use Listing (EUL) from the World Health Organization (WHO), will be accepted.

Accepted Vaccines:

• More details are available in CDC guidance  here .
• 2 weeks (14 days) after your dose of an accepted single-dose COVID-19 vaccine;
• 2 weeks (14 days) after your second dose of an accepted 2-dose series;
• 2 weeks (14 days) after you received the full series of an accepted COVID-19 vaccine (not placebo) in a clinical trial;
• 2 weeks (14 days) after you received 2 doses of any “mix-and-match” combination of accepted COVID-19 vaccines administered at least 17 days apart.

Q. Is the United States requiring travelers to have a booster dose to be considered fully vaccinated for border entry purposes?

A:  No. The CDC guidance for “full vaccination” can be found here.

Q: Do U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents need proof of vaccination to return to the United States via land POEs and ferry terminals?

A:  No. Vaccination requirements do not apply to U.S. citizens, U.S. nationals, or Lawful Permanent Residents (LPRs). Travelers that exhibit signs or symptoms of illness will be referred to CDC for additional medical evaluation.

Q: Is pre- or at-arrival COVID testing required to enter the United States via land POEs or ferry terminals?

A: No, there is no COVID testing requirement to enter the United States via land POE or ferry terminals. In this respect, the requirement for entering by a land POE or ferry terminal differs from arrival via air, where there is a requirement to have a negative test result before departure.

Processing Changes Announced on January 22, 2022 

Q: new changes were recently announced. what changed on january 22.

A:  Since January 22, 2022, non-citizens who are not U.S. nationals or Lawful Permanent Residents have been required to be vaccinated against COVID-19 to enter the United States at land ports of entry and ferry terminals, whether for essential or nonessential purposes. Previously, DHS required that non-U.S. persons be vaccinated against COVID-19 to enter the United States for nonessential purposes.  Effective January 22, all non-U.S. individuals, to include essential travelers, must be prepared to attest to vaccination status and present proof of vaccination to a CBP officer upon request. DHS announced an extension of this policy on April 21, 2022.

Q: Who is affected by the changes announced on January 22?

A: This requirement does not apply to U.S. citizens, U.S. nationals, or U.S. Lawful Permanent Residents. It applies to other noncitizens, such as a citizen of Mexico, Canada, or any other country seeking to enter the United States through a land port of entry or ferry terminal.

Q: Do U.S. citizens need proof of vaccination to return to the United States via land port of entry or ferry terminals?

A: Vaccination requirements do not apply to U.S. Citizens, U.S. nationals or U.S. Lawful Permanent Residents. Travelers that exhibit signs or symptoms of illness will be referred to CDC for additional medical evaluation. 

Q: What is essential travel?

A:  Under the prior policy, there was an exception from temporary travel restrictions for “essential travel.” Essential travel included travel to attend educational institutions, travel to work in the United States, travel for emergency response and public health purposes, and travel for lawful cross-border trade (e.g., commercial truckers). Under current policy, there is no exception for essential travel.

Q: Will there be any exemptions? 

A: While most non-U.S. individuals seeking to enter the United States will need to be vaccinated, there is a narrow list of exemptions consistent with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Order in the air travel context.

• Certain categories of individuals on diplomatic or official foreign government travel as specified in the CDC Order
• Children under 18 years of age;
• Certain participants in certain COVID-19 vaccine trials as specified in the CDC Order;   
• Individuals with medical contraindications to receiving a COVID-19 vaccine as specified in the CDC Order;
• Individuals issued a humanitarian or emergency exception by the Secretary of Homeland Security;
• Individuals with valid nonimmigrant visas (excluding B-1 [business] or B-2 [tourism] visas) who are citizens of a country with limited COVID-19 vaccine availability, as specified in the CDC Order
• Members of the U.S. Armed Forces or their spouses or children (under 18 years of age) as specified in the CDC Order; and
• Individuals whose entry would be in the U.S. national interest, as determined by the Secretary of Homeland Security.

Q: What documentation will be required to show vaccination status?

A:  Non-U.S. individuals are required to be prepared to attest to vaccination status and present proof of vaccination to a CBP officer upon request regardless of the purpose of travel.

The current documentation requirement remains the same and is available on the CDC website . Documentation requirements for entry at land ports of entry and ferry terminals mirror those for entry by air.

Q: What happens if someone doesn’t have proof of vaccine status?

A: If non-U.S. individuals cannot present proof of vaccination upon request, they will not be admitted into the United States and will either be subject to removal or be allowed to withdraw their application for entry.

Q: Will incoming travelers be required to present COVID-19 test results?

A: There is no COVID-19 testing requirement for travelers at land border ports of entry, including ferry terminals.

Q: What does this mean for those who can't be vaccinated, either due to age or other health considerations? 

A: See CDC guidance for additional information on this topic. Note that the vaccine requirement does not apply to children under 18 years of age.

Q: Does this requirement apply to amateur and professional athletes?

A: Yes, unless they qualify for one of the narrow CDC exemptions.

Q: Are commercial truckers required to be vaccinated?

A: Yes, unless they qualify for one of the narrow CDC exemptions. These requirements also apply to bus drivers as well as rail and ferry operators.

Q. Do you expect border wait times to increase?

A:  As travelers navigate these new travel requirements, wait times may increase. Travelers should account for the possibility of longer than normal wait times and lines at U.S. land border crossings when planning their trip and are kindly encouraged to exercise patience.

To help reduce wait times and long lines, travelers can take advantage of innovative technology, such as facial biometrics and the CBP OneTM mobile application, which serves as a single portal for individuals to access CBP mobile applications and services.

Q: How is Customs and Border Protection staffing the ports of entry? 

A: CBP’s current staffing levels at ports of entry throughout the United States are commensurate with pre-pandemic levels. CBP has continued to hire and train new employees throughout the pandemic. CBP expects some travelers to be non-compliant with the proof of vaccination requirements, which may at times lead to an increase in border wait times. Although trade and travel facilitation remain a priority, we cannot compromise national security, which is our primary mission. CBP Office of Field Operations will continue to dedicate its finite resources to the processing of arriving traffic with emphasis on trade facilitation to ensure economic recovery.

Q: What happens if a vaccinated individual is traveling with an unvaccinated individual?  

A:  The unvaccinated individual (if 18 or over) would not be eligible for admission.

Q: If I am traveling for an essential reason but am not vaccinated can I still enter?

A:  No, if you are a non-U.S. individual. The policy announced on January 22, 2022 applies to both essential and non-essential travel by non-U.S. individual travelers. Since January 22, DHS has required that all inbound non-U.S. individuals crossing U.S. land or ferry POEs – whether for essential or non-essential reasons – be fully vaccinated for COVID-19 and provide related proof of vaccination upon request.

Q: Are sea crew members on vessels required to have a COVID vaccine to disembark?

A:  Sea crew members traveling pursuant to a C-1 or D nonimmigrant visa are not excepted from COVID-19 vaccine requirements at the land border. This is a difference from the international air transportation context.

Entering the U.S. via Air Travel

Q: what are the covid vaccination requirements for air passengers to the united states  .

A:  According to CDC requirements [www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/travelers/noncitizens-US-air-travel.html | Link no longer valid], most noncitizens who are visiting the United States temporarily must be fully vaccinated prior to boarding a flight to the United States. These travelers are required to show proof of vaccination. A list of covered individuals is available on the CDC website.  

Q: What are the COVID testing requirements for air passengers to the United States?  

A:  Effective Sunday, June 12 at 12:01 a.m. ET, CDC will no longer require pre-departure COVID-19 testing for U.S.-bound air travelers.

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Visit our Newsroom for information about the current status of visa services and visa restrictions related to the COVID-19 global pandemic

What is a U.S. Visa?

A citizen of a foreign country who seeks to enter the United States generally must first obtain a U.S. visa, which is placed in the traveler’s passport, a travel document issued by the traveler’s country of citizenship.

Certain international travelers may be eligible to travel to the United States without a visa if they meet the requirements for visa-free travel. The Visa section of this website is all about U.S. visas for foreign citizens to travel to the United States.

(Note: U.S. citizens don’t need a U.S. visa for travel, but when planning travel abroad may need a visa issued by the embassy of the country they wish to visit. In this situation, when planning travel abroad, learn about visa requirements by country, see country information in the International Travel Section section of this website.)

More Information about Visas

Find out what visa type is appropriate for you

The type of visa you must obtain is defined by U.S. immigration law, and relates to the purpose of your travel.

Please visit our Visa Wizard to find out what visa type is appropriate for you.

You can also visit our Frequently Asked Questions   or find out about the  Visa Waiver Program .

Other useful links:  Visa Categories   |   Find a U.S. Embassy or Consulate   |   Glossary

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Check the estimated wait time for a nonimmigrant visa interview appointment at a U.S. Embassy or Consulate.

Note: Please check the individual Embassy or Consulate website to determine if your case is eligible for a waiver of the in-person interview.

Applicants scheduling visa appointments in a location different from their place of residence should check post websites for nonresident wait times.

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Apr 19, 2024 Department of State/AILA Liaison Committee Meeting March 20, 2024

Apr 15, 2024 Visa Information for Nationals of Haiti

Jan 2, 2024 Worldwide Visa Operations: Update

Dec 21, 2023 Important Update on Waivers of the Interview Requirement for Certain Nonimmigrant Visa Applicants

Dec 21, 2023 Department of State to Process Domestic Visa Renewals in Limited Pilot Program

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COVID-19 Restrictions on U.S. Visas and Entry

This page tracks U.S. visa and entry restrictions related to COVID-19. See NAFSA's Coronavirus Critical Resources Page for related information and resources.

Page Contents

• COVID Vaccine Requirement for Nonimmigrant Air Travelers End May 11 (updated 05/10/2023)
• Geographic Proclamations No Longer in Effect (updated 12/31/2021)
• General Resumption of Visa Services (updated 10/21/2022)
• COVID-19 Surge Impacts Nonimmigrant Visa Appointments in China (updated 1/12/2023)
• Expansion of Renewal Visa Interview Waivers (updated 12/27/2022)
• Vaccination requirements for individuals traveling through land ports of entry at the Canadian and Mexican borders scheduled to end at 12:01 a.m. Eastern Daylight Time (EDT) on May 12, 2023. (updated 05/10/2023)
• Mask Mandate Vacated (updated 4/18/2022)
• CDC Terminates COVID Test Requirement for Passengers Flights Originating in PRC ( updated 03/10/23) )
• COVID Viral Tests No Longer Required for Boarding All U.S.-Bound Flights Effective June 12, 2022 (updated 06/11/2022)

COVID Vaccine Requirement for Nonimmigrant Air Travelers

From November 8, 2021 through May 11, 2023, Presidential Proclamation 10294 of October 25, 2021, Advancing the Safe Resumption of Global Travel During the COVID-⁠19 Pandemic , required all "noncitizens who are nonimmigrants" entering the United States through an air POE to show proof that they were fully vaccinated with an acceptable COVID vaccine. Presidential Proclamation of May 9, 2023, Revoking the Air Travel COVID-⁠19 Vaccination Requirement , revokes Proclamation 10294's vaccination requirement effective 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on May 12, 2023.

For details, see NAFSA's page: COVID Vaccine and Test Requirements for U.S. Entry .

Geographic COVID-19 Proclamations No Longer in Effect

There are currently no geographic COVID-19 entry ban proclamations in effect. 

• See NAFSA's page COVID Vaccine and Test Requirements for U.S. Entry for other current COVID-19 entry requirements and restrictions.
• See NAFSA's page Archive: Geographic COVID-19 Proclamations Affecting Entry from Certain Countries for historical information on revoked geographic COVID-19 proclamations.

U.S. Consular and Visa Services

The Department of State Visa Office does not maintain a COVID-19 portal page with information dedicated to U.S. visas, although the DOS travel.state.gov website does list COVID-19-related news alerts on its U.S. Visa News page . This NAFSA page has highlights from that and other sources.

Advocacy on Visa Delays

Senators ask dos to address visa backlog for international students.

On August 10, 2021, U.S. Senator Alex Padilla (D-Calif.) led a group of 23 Senators in calling on Secretary of State Antony Blinken and the State Department to address the backlog of visas for international students, which grew significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Read NAFSA's press release .

NAFSA Meets With Department of State Regarding Consular Operations

On July 12, 2021, Esther Brimmer, DPhil, NAFSA's executive director and CEO, met with U.S. State Department Acting Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Consular Affairs, Edward Ramotowski, to discuss growing concerns regarding limited visa appointment availability and processing delays affecting international students and scholars planning to arrive on U.S. campuses this fall. NAFSA members can read a meeting summary .

General Resumption of Visa Services

The Department of State suspended routine visa services worldwide in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On July 13, 2020, DOS tweeted the following update from @TravelGov: " US embassies and consulates are beginning the phased resumption of routine visa services. The dates for each embassy or consulate will depend on local conditions. We are unable to provide details for each location. Please monitor the embassy or consulate website for updates. "

Read DOS' October 21, 2022 Update on Worldwide Visa Operations , transcribed below, for a DOS progress report.

" Update on Worldwide Visa Operations Last Updated: October 21, 2022 Worldwide Visa Operations Are Recovering Faster than Expected from the COVID-19 Pandemic The Department of State is successfully lowering visa interview wait times worldwide, following closures during the pandemic.  We’ve doubled our hiring of U.S. Foreign Service personnel to do this important work, we are recovering faster than projected, and this year we will reach pre-pandemic processing levels. Backlogs and Wait Times – How We Got Here As for many service providers, the COVID-19 pandemic forced profound reductions in the Department’s visa processing capacity in two main ways.  First, restrictions on travel to the United States, and local restrictions on public places like our overseas consular waiting rooms, curbed our ability to see visa applicants.  As most applicants are required by U.S. law to appear in person, these restrictions forced a reduction in the number of visa applications the Department could process. Second, as revenue from the application fees that fund visa processing operations was cut nearly in half, the Department was forced to leave more than 300 overseas consular officer positions unfilled in 2020 and 2021.  This further reduced the number of visa applications we could process.   Where We Are Now Since COVID-19 restrictions have been lifted, we are back in business worldwide.  Ninety-six percent of our embassies and consulates are again interviewing visa applicants, and we are processing nonimmigrant visa applications at 94 percent of pre-pandemic monthly averages and immigrant visa applications at 130 percent.  In the past 12 months (through September 30, 2022), we processed 8 million non-immigrant visas, well above our best-case projections.  We are well on the way to meeting and exceeding pre-pandemic visa processing capacity. Improved efficiency through Interview Waivers During the pandemic, the Department of State coordinated with the Department of Homeland Security to waive in-person interviews for several key visa categories, including for many students and temporary workers integral to supply chains.  In addition, applicants renewing nonimmigrant visas in the same classification within 48 months of their prior visa’s expiration are now eligible to apply without an in-person interview in their country of nationality or residence.  This has already reduced the wait time for an interview appointment at many embassies and consulates.  We estimate 30 percent of worldwide nonimmigrant visa applicants may be eligible for an interview waiver, freeing up in-person interview appointments for those applicants who still require an in-person interview. Building on Success Our focused efforts during the pandemic recovery period have yielded substantial results in facilitating travel to the United States.  Here are just some of our successes in the last year:   We reduced the immigrant visa (IV) backlog and reunited families:  As of October 2022, our consular sections worldwide have reduced the overall IV interview scheduling backlog by 25 percent (nearly 135,000 applicants), from its peak in July 2021.  Our embassies in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras eliminated an IV backlog of 22,000 applicants, and our consulate in Ciudad Juarez reduced the IV backlog for Mexican applicants by nearly 44 percent. We set records for student and academic exchange visitor visas.  Consular sections worldwide adjudicated more student visas in July 2022 than in any other month since 2016, with nearly 180,000 F, M, and academic J visas processed.  We exceeded pre-pandemic levels of visa processing for seasonal agricultural and nonagricultural workers who are vital links in the nation’s food supply chain and help ease labor shortages and inflation, with more than 395,000 H-2 visas issued in fiscal year 2022.   We issued thousands of crewmember visas essential for maintaining the global supply chains that support both the U.S. and global economy.  By Summer 2022, the issuance rates of crewmember visas were comparable to pre-pandemic levels. We issued all available E-3 visas in FY 2022, the immigrant visa category most sought by healthcare workers, who are crucial to the health and wellbeing of our communities.    We issued 54,334 Diversity Visas during the DV-2022 program year.  That is the highest number of DVs issued in 25 years, and all available DV numbers were exhausted when that total was combined with the domestic adjustments of status approved by USCIS under the DV program.   For Those Navigating Long Interview Wait Times Our goal is to provide a visa interview for every applicant who requires one, worldwide, in a reasonable timeframe.  Although our processing capacity is rebounding faster than projected, we know that visa applicants still face lengthy wait times at some embassies and consulates.  We urge any visa applicant who can travel to another embassy or consulate with shorter wait times to consider doing so.  There is no penalty for applying anywhere appointments are available, even outside your home country.  For the latest information about wait times, see https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas.html ."

To find embassy or consulate websites, go to https://www.usembassy.gov/ . The embassy links get you to the right embassy website, but you will have to do some clicking to find relevant COVID-19 information, as each embassy website is structured a bit differently.

COVID-19 Surge Impacts U.S. Mission China Visa Appointments

Update from U.S. Mission China Consular Services for December 15, 2022

"Due to the operational impacts caused by the surge of COVID-19 infections across China, U.S. Embassy Beijing and U.S. Consulate General Shanghai are providing passport and emergency citizen services only.  U.S. Consulates General Wuhan, Shenyang, and Guangzhou will only be providing emergency consular services until further notice. Please go to  https://china.usembassy-china.org.cn/services/ for more information on emergency consular services.  All routine Visa Services, with the exception of some previously scheduled for Consulate General Shanghai — are temporarily suspended; all regularly scheduled appointments at Embassy Beijing and the other Consulates General have been canceled."

Update from U.S. Mission China for December 27, 2022

"Consular Sections at the U.S. Embassy in Beijing, and Consulates Guangzhou and Shenyang will resume routine consular services on January 3. Consulate General Wuhan has resumed providing limited U.S. citizen services. Shanghai will continue operating in emergency operations status until further notice. Please note that the number of appointments available for routine services will be based on staffing."

Expansion of Visa Interview Waivers

In a December 23, 2022 announcement , DOS extended until December 31, 2023 the discretionary authority given to consular officers to waive the in-person interview requirement for certain "F, M, and Academic J Visa Holders" and "Petition-Based H, L, O, P, and Q Visa Holders."

See NAFSA's page for additional details .

Controls at Land Ports of Entry on Canadian and Mexican Borders

From January 22, 2022 through May 11, 2023, all noncitizens who are nonimmigrants had to show proof that they were fully vaccinated with an acceptable COVID-19 vaccine under the same vaccine standards as air travelers. Unlike air travel, however, travelers entering through land or ferry ports of entry were never subject to a pre-entry COVID-19 testing requirement. The U.S.-Canada-Mexico COVID restrictions ceased to have effect as of 12:01 a.m. Eastern Daylight Time (EDT) on May 12, 2023, under a pair of Federal Register Notice published on May 10, 2023. Canada notice | Mexico notice .

Airports and Flights

Mask mandate vacated.

Executive Order 13988 of January 21, 2021 , titled Executive Order on Promoting COVID-19 Safety in Domestic and International Travel, directed relevant agencies to incorporate, to the extent feasible, CDC recommendations on public modes of transportation and at ports of entry to the United States, including recommendations such as mask-wearing, physical distancing, appropriate ventilation, timely testing, and possibly self-quarantine after U.S. entry. See NAFSA's page on Executive Order 13988 for details.

CBP announced that on February 2, 2021 it began "enforcing the requirement that travelers wear face masks at all air, land and sea ports of entry in the United States in accordance with President Biden's Executive Order on Promoting COVID-19 Safety in Domestic and International Travel and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Order Regarding the Requirement for Persons to Wear Masks While on Public Conveyances and at Transportation Hubs...With limited exceptions, travelers must wear a face mask while physically present at a U.S. air, land, or sea port of entry. CBP Officers will require travelers to temporarily lower their mask during the inspection process to verify their identity."

However, On April 18, 2022, a Federal District Court judge in Tampa, Florida issued a ruling that the "Mask Mandate exceeds the CDC's statutory authority and violates the procedures required for agency rulemaking under the APA. Accordingly, the Court vacates the Mandate and remands it to the CDC." The case was Health Freedom Defense Fund, Inc. et al. v. Biden. Case 8:21-cv-01693-KKM-AEP.

The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) followed up with an April 18, 2022 statement saying: "Due to today’s court ruling, effective immediately, TSA will no longer enforce its Security Directives and Emergency Amendment requiring mask use on public transportation and transportation hubs. TSA will also rescind the new Security Directives that were scheduled to take effect tomorrow. CDC continues to recommend that people wear masks in indoor public transportation settings at this time."

CDC Terminates COVID Test Requirement For PRC Travelers

The Centers for Disease Control announced on March 10, 2023, that:

"On March 10, 2023, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) rescinded the Order titled “ Requirements for Negative Pre-Departure COVID-19 Test Result or Documentation of Recovery from COVID-19 for Aircraft Passengers Traveling to the United States from the People’s Republic of China .”

This rescission takes effect for flights departing to the United States from the People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Designated Airports* at or after 3:00pm ET (8:00pm GMT) on March 10, 2023 , and will be published in the Federal Register.

This means that starting March 10, 2023 at 3pm ET, air passengers will no longer need to get tested and show the negative COVID-19 test result, or show documentation of recovery from COVID-19, prior to boarding a flight to the U.S. from the People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong, and Macau, or through a Designated Airport.

* Designated Airports included Incheon International Airport (ICN) in Seoul, Republic of Korea; Toronto Pearson International Airport (YYZ) in Canada; and Vancouver International Airport (YVR) in Canada.

View the Rescission [PDF – 5 pages] ."

The requirement had applied to air passengers regardless of nationality and vaccination status, if they wanted to enter the United States on a flight:

• originating from the PRC, Hong Kong, or Macau; or
• transiting Incheon International Airport, Toronto Pearson International Airport, or Vancouver International Airport on their way to the United States, if they have been in the PRC in the last 10 days.

Covered travelers had to take an acceptable COVID test ("such as a PCR test or an antigen self-test administered and monitored by a telehealth service or a licensed provider and authorized by the Food and Drug Administration or the relevant national authority") no more than 2 days before their departure to the United States, and the traveler must show a negative test result to the airline upon departure.

CDC Rescinds Order Requiring all Passengers on U.S.-Bound Flights to Have COVID-19 Viral Test, Effective June 12, 2022

Proclamation 10294 of October 25, 2021 did not institute new negative COVID-19 test requirements. Rather, in addition to being subject to the proof of vaccination requirements instituted by Proclamation 10294, nonimmigrants who were entering the United States through an air port of entry prior to June 12, 2022 were also subject to CDC rules that required all travelers ( regardless of citizenship ) to present proof of receiving a negative pre-departure viral test result for COVID-19. Nonimmigrants subject to Proclamation 10294 of October 25, 2021 must, however, still show both proof of being fully vaccinated (or qualify under one of the narrow exceptions) in order to enter the United States.

Update from the CDC website :

"As of 12:01AM ET on June 12, 2022 , CDC will no longer require air passengers traveling from a foreign country to the United States to show a negative COVID-19 viral test or documentation of recovery from COVID-19 before they board their flight. For more information, see Rescission: Requirement for Negative Pre-Departure COVID-19 Test Result or Documentation of Recovery from COVID-19 for all Airline or Other Aircraft Passengers Arriving into the United States from Any Foreign Country ."

See NAFSA's page COVID Vaccine and Test Requirements for U.S. Entry for additional details.

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Exchange Visitors

The J-1 classification (exchange visitors) is authorized for those who intend to participate in an approved program for the purpose of teaching, instructing or lecturing, studying, observing, conducting research, consulting, demonstrating special skills, receiving training, or to receive graduate medical education or training.

In carrying out the responsibilities of the Exchange Visitor Program, the Department of State designates public and private entities to act as exchange sponsors. J-1 nonimmigrants are therefore sponsored by an exchange program that is designated as such by the U.S. Department of State. These programs are designed to promote the interchange of persons, knowledge, and skills, in the fields of education, arts, and science.

In January 2022, DOS announced measures to increase the flow of talent in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields. The Early Career STEM Research Initiative connects certain J-1 program sponsors with STEM-relevant sponsors, including businesses.

Information on the education, experience, and skills required to qualify is available at the DOS website .

Examples of exchange visitors include, but are not limited to:

• Professors or scholars
• Research assistants
• Specialists
• Camp counselors

The U.S. Department of State plays the primary role in administering the J-1 exchange visitor program, so the first step in obtaining a J-1 visa is to submit a Form DS-2019, Certificate of Eligibility for Exchange Visitor Status, (formerly known as an IAP-66). Your sponsoring agency will provide you this form. You should work closely with the officials at your sponsoring agency who will be assisting you through this process. An official who is authorized to issue Form DS-2019 is known as a responsible officer (RO) or alternate responsible officer (ARO). Your RO or ARO will explain to you what documents are needed in order to be issued a DS-2019.

After you have obtained a Form DS-2019, you may then apply for a J-1 visa through the U.S. Department of State at a U.S. Embassy or Consulate. The waiting time for an interview appointment for applicants can vary, so submitting your visa application as early as possible is strongly encouraged (though you may not enter the United States in J-1 status more than 30 days before your program begins).

Some J-1 nonimmigrants enter the United States specifically to work while others do not. Employment is authorized for J-1 nonimmigrants only under the terms of the exchange program. Please check with your sponsoring agency for more information on any restrictions that may apply to you working in the United States.

Your spouse and unmarried children under 21 years of age, regardless of nationality, are entitled to J-2 classification. Your spouse and children are entitled to employment authorization; however, their income may not be used to support you. To apply for employment authorization as a J-2 nonimmigrant, your spouse or child would file Form I-765, Application for Employment Authorization. For more information on the application procedures, see the  “Employment Authorization”  page.

• I-612, Application for Waiver of the Foreign Residence Requirement

Other USCIS Links

• Changing to a Nonimmigrant F or M Student Status

Non-USCIS Links

• DOL Wage and Hour Division
• DOS J Visa Waiver
• Student and Exchange Visitor Program, Immigration & Customs Enforcement
• IRS: Foreign Students and Scholars
• DHS: STEM OPT Hub
• DHS: Training Opportunities in the United States