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Everything you need to know about travel to Europe after Brexit

Do you need a visa to travel to the EU after Brexit? Here’s how the rules are looking in 2024

Photograph: Shutterstock

Way back in 2020, the UK left the EU and Brexit took effect. Since then, a hell of a lot has changed about how we travel. There’s now plenty of extra stuff to think about when planning a trip overseas to Europe (especially if it’s for longer periods). So, we ’ve rounded up all the changes to the rules that we’ll have to follow, now that we’re no longer EU citizens. Here is everything you need to know.

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You should probably check your passport

Up until January 2021, all UK citizens with a valid passport were able to travel freely throughout Europe. Now, though, you may need to renew your passport much earlier than you might think. On the day you travel, your passport must have at least six months left before it expires, or you might not be able to travel to any EU countries, or the EEA states of Iceland , Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland . (The old rules still apply for travel to Ireland.)

You can check if you need to renew your passport before travelling using this tool from the British government, and you can apply for a new one here . Make sure you renew it at least a couple of months before you’re planning to travel, as it may take several weeks to process applications in busy times (including right now).

You can no longer apply for an EHIC

Your European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) will remain valid until its expiry date, but you can no longer apply for a new one. In 2021, the UK government launched a replacement scheme, the Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC) , which will entitle you to necessary state healthcare for free or at reduced cost in Europe and other countries with reciprocal arrangements such as Australia and New Zealand . You can apply for one on the official GHIC website .

Free mobile roaming is a thing of the past

The guarantee of free mobile roaming throughout the EU, the Schengen area and the Norway, Iceland and Liechenstein, came to an end on December 31, 2020. It ’s best to c heck with your phone operator to find out about any charges you may incur in the country you’re travelling to.

Border checks may feel a little different

At border control, you will now need to use separate lanes from EU citizens when queuing. Officials may also be more inquisitive than before, asking you to provide a return or onward ticket and prove that you have enough money for the length of your initial stay.

Your driving licence will still be valid – but you’ll need a ‘green card’ proving you have insurance too

Despite reports British drivers would soon have to apply for an ‘international driving permit’ before travelling to the Continent, according to the terms of the Brexit deal, UK licences will still be valid within the EU.

According to this advice by the Foreign Office , you do not need a ‘green card’ (proving you have car insurance cover when driving abroad) when driving in the EU. However, countries where they do apply include Albania, Azerbijan, Moldova, Türkiye and Ukraine. 

Visas are now required for longer stays

If you’re a tourist, you won’t need a visa for short trips to most EU and EEA countries. You will be able to stay for a maximum of 90 days in any 180-day period. To stay for longer than 90 days, or if you ’re working,  you will have to get a visa or travel permit.

The EU has set up this short-term stay visa calculator to help travellers calculate how much longer they can stay in Europe. Visit the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office’s ‘travel advice’ pages  to find out the application process for each country.

The rules for Bulgaria, Croatia , Cyprus and Romania will be different (this is because they aren ’t in the Schengen area ): visits to those four countries will not count towards the 90-day total. 

These arrangements are up to date as of January 2024. They may change, so check back soon for the latest updates on travel to Europe.

Been there, done that? Think again, my friend.

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Travelling to Europe after Brexit: how will your holiday be affected?

By Simon Calder and Rick Jordan

Since the stroke of eleven on the evening of 31 December 2020, the United Kingdom is no longer a member of the European Union. So new year, new rules for anyone planning on visiting an EU country. Here we answer your questions about your next holiday in Europe.

DO UK CITIZENS HAVE TO USE THE NON-EU PASSPORT QUEUES NOW?

Yes. Say goodbye to the fast-track EU passport control. And while European Union citizens are unconditionally admitted to EU nations on production of valid ID, the same will not apply to British travellers from 2021. Frontier officials may enquire, for example, about your plans and proposed financial support.

DO UK PASSPORTS NEED TO BE VALID FOR UP TO 15 MONTHS TO TRAVEL TO THE EU NOW?

UK travellers to the EU will need their passports to have at least six months’ validity remaining on the day of entry and be less than 10 years' old. But a combination of relaxed British policies on passport issue (holders could carry over up to nine months from their previous passport) and strict European Union rules on non-EU documents means that a passport expiring in 14 months, 29 days might not be deemed acceptable.

DO I NEED A NEW PASSPORT?

Most British passports carry the words ‘European Union’, which until this year gave the right to automatic admission to other EU countries. Now Brexit has happened they will continue to be valid as British travel documents until their normal expiry date – so no, you do not need a new passport in order to travel – but they will lose their power as European Union passports, and may become subject to strict new rules on validity, particularly with regard to free movement.

I AM AWAY IN EUROPE AT THE START OF 2021, WITH TWO MONTHS REMAINING ON MY PASSPORT. AM I IN TROUBLE?

We see no possibility whatsoever that British travellers already in Europe on short visits will be pursued for technical infringements of passport rules.

DO UK TRAVELLERS NEED TO APPLY IN ADVANCE TO VISIT THE EU?

No. The recent agreement between the UK and the EU has allowed for visa-free travel for short visits – up to 90 days in any 180-day period (excluding any trips to Ireland, Croatia, Bulgaria and other non-Schengen states, for which there's no limit on the length of trip). Brussels has said that British visitors will be visa-exempt 'third-country nationals' initially, which means that they need not apply in advance. But within a year or so, British citizens will be subject to the new European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS) , which the EU is working to impose no later than 2022.

The system is aimed at reducing the ‘migration, security or public-health risk’ from nationals of visa-exempt third countries (which is what the UK is after Brexit). ETIAS is similar to the US ESTA scheme. Prospective British visitors to the EU will be required to complete an online form including questions on health, employment and criminal convictions. The fee of €7 (£6/$8) buys a permit valid for three years. On arrival at an EU border, ‘Travellers would have their data verified, their picture or fingerprint taken and a set of questions asked,’ said an EU briefing paper.

WILL FRONTIER FORMALITIES TAKE LONGER NOW?

Now that Britain has bid a tearful adieu/auf wiedersehen/adios to the European Union, ‘UK nationals will not be entitled to use the separate lanes provided for EU/EEA/CH citizens to carry out checks at border crossings and will be subject to thorough checks of all entry conditions for third-country nationals.’

If your destination is Ireland, nothing will change – there will be no border checks. Portugal has announced that it will provide special ‘fast-track’ lanes for British travellers. And at a sleepy Greek island airport it is possible that checks will take just as long, or as short, as they do now.

WILL EU CITIZENS FIND IT HARDER TO GAIN ENTRY TO THE UK?

Currently, European Union citizens can visit the UK with national ID cards. But from 1 October 2021, these cards will no longer be accepted. After that, they will need to show a valid passport and travel documents covering the dates of their trip.

DOES THIS AFFECT FLIGHTS AT ALL?

Of course, the current situation means that few people are travelling to Europe anyway, but there have been reports of disruption for some expat Britons returning to their countries of residence. This is caused by ground-level confusion over British travellers' new status as 'third-country nationals' and by miscommunication over ever-changing Covid restrictions (concerns over the new strain of virus has caused some countries to ban flights from the UK) rather than any official policy.

AND WHAT ABOUT REFUNDS?

Your consumer rights are unaffected by Brexit – you'll be able to claim a refund or compensation if travel is delayed or cancelled.

DO I NEED TO GET ANOTHER DRIVING LICENCE?

No, thankfully a British driving licence will still be valid for driving and car rental in the EU. But you'll need to display a GB bumper sticker next to your number plate.

… AND SPECIAL CAR INSURANCE?

The British Government says that from the start of 2021, motorists might be wise to get a ‘green card’ – a certificate extending their travel insurance to the minimum legal requirements in EU countries. ‘Allow one month to get this from your vehicle insurance company,’ says the official advice.

DO I STILL GET FREE HEALTH CARE?

Good news. Yes. The European Health Insurance Card (EHIC), which confers the right to medical care for British travellers on the same basis as local people in other EU countries, will still be valid until it expires. After that, a replacement called the GHIC is being planned, details of which are a bit hazy right now. If you don't have an existing EHIC card, you can still apply for one here .

DOES MY TRAVEL INSURANCE CEASE TO BE VALID?

Many travel insurance policies specify that the EHIC must be used in Europe. But the Association of British Insurers (ABI) tells us: ‘The primary role of travel insurance is to provide emergency medical care for people overseas, and this will continue.’ Travel insurance is not obligatory, but is recommended.

IS IT TOUGHER FOR ME TO TAKE MY PET ABROAD?

EU pet passports are no longer valid, but owners and pets are allowed to travel within the EU if they have an animal health certificate (AHC). This will be valid for four months, and you'll need a new one each time you travel – ask your vet a month before you travel.

ARE WE BACK TO THE BAD OLD DAYS OF £2-A-MINUTE ROAMING CHARGES?

The EU-wide ban on roaming charges for phone calls and internet use will no longer apply for people with UK mobile phones. Mobile providers will be free to impose whatever fees they wish, though there are no plans to do this, and the Government says it will cap the maximum for mobile data usage while abroad at £45 per month unless the user positively agrees to pay more. But competition is likely to stifle any sharp increases in costs. Dave Dyson, chief executive of Three, says his firm is ‘committed to maintaining the availability of roaming in the EU at no additional cost following Brexit’.

ARE WE ABLE TO CHANGE STERLING – OR USE UK BANK CARDS ABROAD?

Sterling 'fell off a cliff' the morning after the referendum vote, and over the following days and weeks there were some reports of pounds and UK debit cards being declined. But foreign exchange is a profitable business for lots of enterprises, and however poorly the pound is, it is a tradeable commodity and there’s money to be made.

Most importantly, how much wine can I now bring back from Europe?

Sadly, now we're out of the EU, the limit is now greatly reduced: down from 90 litres to 18 litres of wine (24 bottles); 42 litres of beer and four litres of spirits or liqueurs are also allowed and up to 200 cigarettes can be brought back at any one time.

Like this? Now read:

What does the latest Covid vaccine news mean for travel?

Are UK hotels and Airbnbs open? The latest lockdown rules

How to double your holiday allowance in 2021

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A guide to travelling from the UK to the EU after Brexit

Updated On 6th May, 2024

Can I travel to Europe after Brexit? How will Brexit affect travel?   These are just some of the questions that were on my mind when the UK left the European Union on the 1st January 2021. 

I absolutely love visiting Europe. We’re so lucky in the UK that it is right on our doorstep, with so many beautiful capital cities to visit and Europe bucket list things to do . From underground lakes in Greece to surfing in Portugal , via ferratas in France to endless gelato in Italy … but it’s hard to know what impact Brexit will have on Europe travel.

Travellers may not have yet noticed Brexit’s impact on travel, because the Covid-19 pandemic has stoppped us from travelling! Brexit has had an effect on travel since 1 January 2021. There have been changes in terms of requirements, documents, length of stay and more. These changes affect travel from the UK to the EU (all 27 member states), as well as seven other non-EU member states: Andorra, Iceland , Liechtenstein, Norway , San Marino, Switzerland and the Vatican City.

In this Europe travel guide I want to take you through everything I’ve found out so far about travel to Europe after Brexit: from travelling with pets after Brexit to do we need visas after Brexit, how long you can stay in the EU for and whether you can drive in the EU or not… Here I hope to answer all your questions about Europe travel after Brexit.

Other useful blog posts…

• Europe: the ultimate travel guide
• 22 top tips for travelling in Europe
• 21 cheap places to visit in Europe
• Europe bucket list: the best things to do in Europe
• The best capital cities to visit in Europe
• Driving from England to Portugal
• Driving from England to France
• Van life in Europe: a bucket list of Europe road trips

How to travel to Europe after Brexit…

Can i travel to europe after brexit.

Yes, you can travel to Europe after Brexit. There are some new restrictions and rules that you’ll need to get used to, but you can visit Europe in 2021.

There have been some international travel restrictions due to the Covid-19 pandemic . The UK will allow international travel to green-list countries from the 17 May 2021. 

Do I need a new passport to travel to Europe?

Check your passport is valid before travelling to Europe after Brexit.

The rules for UK passports and travel to Europe after Brexit are: 

• UK passports must have been issued within 10 years of your arrival date in the EU (except for the Republic of Ireland) and the seven non-member states listed above.

Some UK passports issued as replacements have expiry dates of up to 10 years and nine months after the date of issue. Any additional time beyond the initial 10 years is no longer valid.

• Your passport must be valid for at least six months before the expiry date when you travel to the EU.

The six-month rule won’t apply for visits to Ireland, because it is part of the Common Travel Area.

You can check here to see if your passport is valid for travel in Europe. 

Should I use the non-EU passport queue at the airport?

Yes, you must use the non-EU passport queue after Brexit. Expect passport control upon departure and arrival to take longer! 

Will I need a visa to enter the EU?

For now, we will not need visas to get into Europe if we are staying for less than 90 days. Brexit is the end of the European freedom of movement we have been used to having, and this ended on the 1st January 2021. But, for now, UK travellers are allowed to visit EU countries visa-free for up to 90 days in any 180 days.

Border control staff may ask UK arrivals from the UK to show a return or onward travel ticket for return or before being allowed entry into the EU. You may also have to prove that you have adequate funding to support yourself while travelling in the EU. Your passport might get stamped at border control. 

From 2022, under the new European Travel Information and Authorization System (Etias), nationals from previously visa-free third countries, including UK citizens, will need to pay for a visa-waiver to visit Schengen-area countries. The European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS) will require visa-exempt travellers to apply online, submit data and pay a €7 fee. Once approved, an ETIAS will be linked to a passport and valid for up to three years.  Find out more on the Etias website here. 

How long can I stay in Europe for?

UK passport holders will be permitted to stay for up to 90 days out of any 180-day period in the EU’s Schengen Area.

Bulgaria, Croatia , Cyprus , the Republic of Ireland and Romania are not part of the Schengen Area. That means you can visit these countries in addition to your 90-day limit in the Schengen Area.

Can I travel abroad with pets after Brexit?

You can travel with pets after Brexit, but it’s become more complicated and more expensive. 

EU pet passports that were issued in Great Britain will no longer be valid from 1 January; owners will need an animal health certificate instead. EU Passports issued in the EU or Northern Ireland can still be used.

According to the gov.uk website:

• When travelling to an EU country or Northern Ireland, your pet needs:
• a microchip
• a valid rabies vaccination
• an animal health certificate unless you have a pet passport issued in an EU country or Northern Ireland
• tapeworm treatment for dogs if you’re travelling directly to Finland, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Norway or Malta

These requirements also apply to assistance dogs.

How to get an animal health certificate:

You must take your pet to your vet to get an animal health certificate no more than 10 days before you travel.

The certificate must be signed by an ‘official veterinarian’ (OV), so check your vet can issue animal health certificates. If they cannot, they should help you find someone who can.

To get the certificate, you’ll need to take proof of your pet’s:

• microchipping date
• vaccination history

Your pet’s animal health certificate will be valid after the date of issue for:

• 10 days for entry into the EU or Northern Ireland
• 4 months for onward travel within the EU
• 4 months for re-entry to Great Britain

Repeat trips to the EU:

• Your pet will need a new animal health certificate for each trip to an EU country or Northern Ireland.
• Your pet will not need a repeat rabies vaccination so long as its rabies vaccinations are up to date.
• Your dog will need tapeworm treatment for each trip if you’re travelling directly to Finland, Ireland, Malta, Northern Ireland or Norway.

Check the rules of the country you’re travelling to for any additional restrictions or requirements before you travel.

Can I drive in the EU after Brexit?

Yes, if you can legally drive, you can drive in the EU after Brexit. There may be some changes to the paperwork you needed before Brexit, for example, you may need an International Driving Permit (IDP). An IDP only costs £5.50. You can purchase them at thousands of UK post offices.

If you have a photocard driving licence issued in the UK:

• You do not need an IDP in the EU – or in Switzerland, Norway, Iceland or Liechtenstein
• You do need a 1949 IDP if you’re renting a car in Cyprus for over 30 days.

If you have a paper driving licence issued in the UK

• You might need an IDP in some EU countries – or in Norway. 

If you have a driving licence issued in Gibraltar, Guernsey, Jersey or the Isle of Man

Find out more about International Driving Permits here.

If you want to drive your car to the EU, you’ll need to display a GB sticker, even if your number plate already has one. You need to carry a physical copy of the green card – proof that you have vehicle insurance. Extra green cards are needed if you have a caravan or trailer, for insurance that renews during a trip or for multi-car insurance policies. You need to contact your insurance company six weeks before you travel to get one. You also need a Vehicle Log Book (VC5) or proof that you’re permitted to drive the vehicle abroad (VE103).

You only need the green card if you’re driving a car from the UK to the EU, not if you’re hiring a car in Europe.

What has changed with mobile phone roaming charges after Brexit?

Since Brexit, the guarantee of free roaming for UK mobile users in 47 destinations in the EU, plus Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein, has ended. Now, instead of using your minutes, texts and data as if you’re in the UK), phone operators can decide what they’ll charge for international calls and data usage. 

EE, Vodafone, O2 & Three have kept the free data roaming. Check with your phone operator to find out about any roaming charges you’ll face while travelling.

Can I get emergency healthcare abroad after Brexit? Can I use my EHIC after Brexit?

All EHIC cards (European Health Insurance Cards) issued before the end of 2020 will be valid until their expiry date (on the front of your card).

The government is issuing a new card, called the UK Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC). Like EHIC, it will cover chronic or existing illnesses, routine maternity care and emergencies. You can apply for your GHIC online here.

Even with your EHIC or GHIC, I fully recommend buying travel insurance including healthcare before you travel to Europe. GHICs and old UK EHICs only cover you in EU countries. They do not cover you in Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein or Switzerland.

What has changed with duty-free after Brexit?

Sadly, now we’re out of the EU, the limit is now significantly greatly reduced: down from 90 litres to 18 litres of wine (24 bottles) ; 42 litres of beer and four litres of spirits are also allowed and up to 200 cigarettes can be brought back at any one time.

What food can I take to/from the UK/EU?

If you are travelling from the UK to Europe, you will no longer be able to carry meat, milk or products containing them into the EU. Exceptions include powdered infant milk or food, special pet feed and special foods required for medical reasons.

However, some animal products are allowed, including up to two kilograms of live snails, mussels, oysters or honey. Time to switch up your souvenirs!

Have you travelled to Europe after Brexit?

Have you got any top tips for Europe travel after Brexit? Anything you’d add?

Love as always and happy adventuring,

Did you find this post helpful? I’d love you to share it for me.

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Travelling to Europe after Brexit: what you need to know

On 1 January, 2021, the Brexit transition period ended, meaning that Brits are now officially and functionally not part of the EU anymore. But just because we’re in this new phase doesn’t necessarily mean everyone is clear on its consequences – especially for travel across borders.  

While there are still a few loose ends to tie up as of this publication date, most of the travel changes have been set in stone – for now at least. So if you’re looking to travel to an EU country, Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein or Switzerland, keep reading to see what you should be aware of before departure.

Passport changes

First things first. Passport requirements have changed, so even if you could travel on it to Europe before, it’s a good idea to check your passport again. It needs to be no more than 10 years old and you need to have at least three months’ validity left on it at the time of departure. 

If you’re not sure whether you pass both of those requirements, check the UK government’s site here .

Airport changes

Brits will no longer be using the EU citizens queue but instead stand in the Non-EU citizens queue, where you may be asked to show your return or onward ticket and show that you have sufficient funds during your stay in the EU. 

Also, no meat, milk or products containing these are allowed into the EU from the UK. And you’ll need a special certificate to bring back certain plants, fresh vegetables, flowers and grains.

And, just like residents of other non-EU countries, you’ll now be able to enjoy duty-free shopping on goods including alcohol and tobacco in ports, airports and international train stations on your way back from your EU destination. 

Health insurance changes

You’re going to want to dig out your European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) before you depart. That insurance card is still valid until it expires, after which you can apply for the new UK Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC) with coverage in EU countries. Both are free of charge.

The GHIC does not, however, cover health services in non-EU countries (Norway, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Iceland), so you should check your travel insurance to make sure they will cover any health issues that may arise in those countries.

Wherever you’re travelling, the UK government’s site stresses the importance of making sure you have adequate health coverage.

Changes for drivers of private cars in Europe

If you’re planning on driving in the EU in your own car, there are a few extra pieces of documentation you’ll need to gather before you start your journey. 

First, make sure you have a GB sticker to put on the back of your car. For your existing car insurance to be valid in the EU, you’ll also need a Green Card (or International Motor Insurance Card), which is a certificate of insurance proving you have the minimum insurance coverage needed to drive in Europe. This can be a lengthy process, so put in your Green Card application with your insurance company at least six weeks before your travel date. If you’re driving a caravan or with a trailer, you may need a Green Card for those too.

Changes for both drivers of private cars and hired cars

Check your driving license. If it’s a valid photocard license that was issued in the UK, you’re good to go. But if it’s a paper license or was issued in Gibraltar, Guernsey, Jersey or the Isle of Man, you might need to apply for an International Driving Permit (IDP). Find out the requirements of the country you’ll be driving in by checking their embassy site here . 

You can apply for an IDP at the post office. There are three types of IDP depending on the country being visited, and if you’re planning on driving in more than one country, you may need more than one type.

Read more about driving in the EU post-Brexit on our Driving Abroad page.

Pet travel changes

Holidaying in Europe with your dog, cat or ferret? Plan well in advance, because the new rules also affect them and can take a long time to carry out. 

If you have one, your existing pet passport will no longer be valid (if it was issued in the UK. If it was issued in an EU country or Northern Ireland, it’s still valid). Instead, you’ll need an Animal Health Certificate (AHC). This requires a blood test, the results of which can take up to three months to get back. 

Your pet will also need to be microchipped and vaccinated against rabies. If your pet is travelling to Finland, Malta, Northern Ireland, Ireland or Norway, they’ll need a tapeworm treatment too. 

Trip duration changes

You won’t need a visa if you’re planning on holidaying in the EU for fewer than 90 days in total out of an 180-day period of time. But the key word here is “total”. That means that the combined time spent in any of the EU countries, Norway, Liechtenstein, Switzerland or Iceland over the course of 180 consecutive days is part of the 90-day total. If, however, your trips take you to Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus or Romania, these days are not counted toward the 90-day limit.

If you’ll be staying longer than 90 days in the EU for e.g. study or business, you can apply for a visa.

Travel to Ireland is less restrictive

As part of the Common Travel Area, Ireland is much more relaxed on many of the restrictions listed above. For example, you can stay longer than 90 days out of 180, you don’t need to have a minimum of six months left on your passport and you don’t need extra documents to hire a car or drive your own in Ireland. 

One last thing…

Check your phone operator’s data roaming plan. As your phone will no longer be EU-based, using data roaming to make calls, send texts and go online while on holiday in the EU could add up and get costly. 

Bottom line: travel to the EU is still possible and absolutely worthwhile. After all, who can deny themselves a trip to southern Europe after a long UK winter? We just need to keep a few more things in mind when planning EU trips from now on. Stay updated on the latest restrictions here .   

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Travel or do business in Europe: Brexit guidance

Find out how new Brexit rules apply to things like travelling, working, studying and doing business with Europe in or with EU countries.

Travel to the EU

• 10 March 2020
• Travelling to the EU and Schengen area
• 1 April 2024
• Taking your pet dog, cat or ferret abroad

Business travel to the EU

Importing and exporting.

• Check how to import or export goods
• Get an EORI number
• 18 April 2024
• 17 April 2023
• 8 June 2022
• 4 April 2023
• 7 January 2021
• Ask the export support team a question

Providing services to the EU

• 23 January 2024

Transport goods to the EU

• 8 February 2024
• 20 April 2021

Employing people

• 8 March 2022
• 6 August 2021

Exchanging data with EU businesses

• 28 June 2021

Live, work or study in the EU

• 8 February 2023
• 30 June 2022
• Work in an EU country
• 23 December 2022
• 23 February 2024
• 23 June 2021

Living in the UK as an EU citizen

• Apply to the EU Settlement Scheme (settled and pre-settled status)
• 27 March 2019
• 22 February 2024

Travel to, work or study in the UK as an EU citizen

• Check if you need a UK visa
• 22 March 2022
• Apply for an EU Settlement Scheme family permit to join family in the UK
• 17 January 2024
• 31 December 2020
• Bringing goods into the UK for personal use

The UK and EU trade deal

• 2 July 2021
• Policy paper
• 5 January 2021

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Travelling to Europe following Brexit

As the UK is no longer part of the European Union, travel to Europe is a little different, so it is important to check you have everything in place in time for your trip.

Travel to Europe is a little different now that we are no longer a Member of the European Union (EU), so it's important you plan early to make sure you have everything in place in time for your trip.

As well as reading through our guidance on the main changes below, it’s important to check the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) advice for the destination you are visiting for country specific advice.

If you’re visiting Ireland, plus Jersey, Guernsey or the Isle of Man, it’s worth noting that they are part of the Common Travel Area , which is a long-standing agreement that pre-dates EU membership. This means that the new passport rules and visa requirements outlined below don’t apply and some of the other changes may differ slightly. Do make sure you check the FCDO travel advice for Ireland for more detail.

What you need to know about travelling to the EU   

Passport rules.

If you have a British passport, it must be:

• Issued less than 10 years before the date you enter the country (so check the ‘date of issue’)
• Valid for at least three months after the day you plan to leave (so check the ‘date of expiry’).

You can find the passport validity rules for the country you’re visiting by checking the FCDO’s advice and reading the entry requirements section. More information is available on ABTA’s passports page. 

To help process travellers quickly and efficiently, manual passport stamping is expected to become fully automated through the new Entry/Exit System (EES) which is due to be introduced in late 2024.

Visas and ETIAS (European Travel Information and Authorisation System)

If you’re a British passport holder and going on holiday or travelling for business, you can stay for up to 90 days in any 180-day period without needing to get a visa. If you’re planning to stay for longer than 90 days in a 180-day period, you will need to check the FCDO travel advice to find the visa requirements for the country you’re visiting. If you’re a frequent traveller to the EU, you might find this calculator a helpful way to keep track of your visits.

In 2025, the EU is aiming to bring in a new travel authorisation (a visa waiver system) called ETIAS, which will be similar to the ESTA for travel to the US and be valid for three years. Once introduced, British passport holders travelling to the EU will need to apply and pay for an ETIAS via the official ETIAS website . The website is not accepting applications just yet. Find answers to the most commonly asked questions here .

Once ETIAS is live, certain travellers may be exempt. You can find the list of exemptions here . If you are married to an EU citizen and are travelling with your spouse to or within the Schengen Area, you may find you’re exempt from the 90/180-day rule for any period where you travel together. You should check with the country you are visiting before travel to confirm the paperwork that would be required. More information is available here .

Health insurance cards

If you have a European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) it will be valid up to its expiry date (cards are valid for five years when issued). If your EHIC has expired, or you don’t have one, you can apply for a UK Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC) which is accepted in all 27 EU countries, as well as Switzerland, Montenegro, the Channel Islands and Australia. More details here . As usual, you’ll also need to take out comprehensive travel insurance with sufficient healthcare cover, including cover for existing medical conditions and any activities you plan to do. ABTA has advice on finding the right travel insurance .  

Using your mobile phone abroad

Rules around mobile data roaming have changed meaning you may face charges when using your phone in the EU, including for making calls, sending messages or using the internet. Check with your mobile phone provider for details.  

Driving in the EU

The exact requirements for driving in the EU will vary slightly from country to country, so do make sure you check the FCDO travel advice for the destination(s) you’ll be driving through for country specific advice. General rules to be aware of include:

UK car stickers – you will need a UK car sticker for your own car when driving in the EU. UK Blue Badges can be used in some EU countries, plus Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. Parking concessions vary in each country so it is important you check the details for your destination. More information can be found here. Using a Blue Badge in the European Union - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk) Driving permits – if you have a paper licence or your driving licence was issued in Gibraltar, Guernsey, Jersey or the Isle of Man you may need an international driving permit (IDP) to drive in some EU countries and Norway. These are available from the Post Office. If you have a card driving license, you do not require an IDP to drive in the EU, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland or Liechtenstein.  

Taking your pet abroad

Your pet passport will no longer be valid to travel to the EU or Northern Ireland and you will now need an Animal Health Certificate. Your pet will also need to be microchipped, vaccinated against rabies and dogs will need tapeworm treatment for travelling directly to Finland, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Norway or Malta. If you wish to take your pet abroad you should speak to your vet at least one month in advance to make sure you have these in place before you are due to travel.  Full details can be found at gov.uk .  

Border control 

When going through passport control, you may not be able to use the EU or EEA passport lanes and may need to join the lane for ‘third country' or ‘non-EU’ visitors instead. Your passport will be stamped by the border officer on entry and exit to make sure you’re complying with the 90-day visa-free limit for short stays. Some EU countries are currently rolling out an e-gate system to replace some of the manual passport checks.  You may also need to show a return ticket and that you have enough money for your stay.   

Items you can take in and out of the EU

You can’t take any meat, milk or any products containing these items into the EU. There are exceptions for powdered baby milk, baby food, or pet food required for medical reasons. When returning from the EU to the UK, you can bring in a certain amount of goods without paying tax or duty. More details on this can be found at Gov.uk .   

Business travel requirements

There are a few extra requirements for business travellers visiting the countries in the EU as well as Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein. If you’re travelling on business, for less than 90 days in a 180-day period such as attending a business meeting, you’ll be able to travel without a visa or work permit. If you’re planning to stay for more than 180 days, you’ll need to check the entry requirements and rules for the country you’re visiting to find out if you need a visa or work permit.  If you’re travelling with goods to the EU, you’ll need to ensure you’ve got the right documentation to take them with you and if you intend to sell the goods abroad, you’ll need to make a customs declaration. You will also need to make a declaration if you take £10,000 or more in cash with you. Other extra requirements to check are whether your professional qualifications will be recognised in the EU, what to do if you’re earning money in the EU and providing indemnity insurance for employees. For further information, visit here . The UK Government also has advice for people travelling to the EU .

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Brexit is bringing major changes for British travelers heading to Europe in 2021

Dec 15, 2020 • 5 min read

Major changes on the way for British travelers in European hot spots, like Paris © ventdusud / Shutterstock

More than four years after the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union, the final details of the agreement are still being ironed out. Previously, British travelers hardly had to think twice about crossing into the Continent, but Brexit and now the pandemic have created much uncertainty around travel.

When the UK leaves the EU it will be subject to travel restrictions outside the bloc due to rules aimed at combatting COVID-19. This has led to widespread media reports that the EU will "ban travel" from the UK to the EU from January 1. According to the Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA) "this overstates things somewhat, as EU-wide guidance on travel and coronavirus is just that — a recommendation." Mark Tanzer, Chief Executive of ABTA said: "individual EU countries are still able to implement their own measures, considering options such as travel corridors and testing, and it will still be some weeks before we know the full position."

If the UK bows out of the EU by December 31 without a deal, the European Commission has revealed contingency measures which would allow a reciprocal UK-EU air travel to continue for six months. So it seems, for now, that a blanket travel ban is unlikely. But with the pandemic still raging through Europe and the UK, travel restrictions will be kept under review. A UK government spokesperson told the Press Association "we take a scientific, risk-based approach to health measures at the border, and it is of course in the interests of all countries to allow safe international travel as we emerge from the pandemic."

There are some guidelines already in place that will give British travelers an idea on what they can expect when visiting Europe after Brexit if the infection rate drops significantly and non-essential travel bans are lifted. The new rules apply to British visitors to the EU as well as Switzerland , Norway , Iceland and Liechtenstein , but not all requirements are necessary for travel to Ireland. The UK government has said that there could be additional changes announced between now and January, but here are the main points of its guidance as it currently stands. British visitors who do not meet these requirements could be refused entry.

Passports must be valid for at least six months

From January, British travelers must have at least six months of validity left on their passports when visiting Europe. Passports with less than six months must be renewed before travel. This requirement is waived for Ireland, where passports instead must be valid for the duration of your visit.

Passports must have been issued within the last 10 years

British passports issued more than a decade ago must be renewed before traveling to Europe, even if they have more than six months before they expire. Because of delays caused by the coronavirus pandemic and a looming Brexit deadline, passport renewals are taking longer than usual.

Get travel insurance that covers healthcare

Previously, Brits could obtain free European Health Insurance Cards (EHIC) online, which gave them the right to state healthcare free of charge or at a reduced cost in Europe. These cards will expire at the end of 2020, regardless of the expiration date printed on the card. EHIC covered visitors with pre-existing conditions, but third-party travel insurers often do not .

Pets can travel within the EU's borders but owners must apply for an Animal Health Card

The existing pet passport scheme allowed relatively seamless travel, but starting in 2021 a pet traveling to the EU will need an Animal Health Card (AHC) instead. The AHC will be issued by an accredited vet and is valid for 10 days after the date of issue for entry into the EU. It will cover a pet for a single trip entry to the EU, onward travel within the EU for four months, and re-entry to the UK for four months after the date of issue. To apply for an AHC, pet owners must have proof of their pet’s microchipping date, pet’s vaccination history and a successful rabies antibody blood test result.

Business travelers will need visas, but tourists might also need to show more paperwork

British visitors to Europe are permitted to stay as tourists for 90 days in a six-month period, but travelers for business, permanent work or study will need visas, the requirements of which are set by each country. Even temporary tourists could be subject to more red tape, as visitors could be asked to show a return ticket and proof of funds to cover the length of your stay. Travelers with UK passports will no longer be able to use the EU passport gates or customs lanes.

Still TBD: driving, mobile phone roaming and more

As 2021 inches closer, a number of travel-specific details have not been fully resolved. Currently, there’s no charge for mobile phone roaming between the UK and Europe. Network operators such as Vodafone, O2 and Three have indicated that they will continue to offer the service but without confirming terms and conditions. The government says it will cap roaming charges at £45, but you can still be charged beyond that. Drivers might need an international driving permit for some countries (this can be obtained through the Post Office for £5.50), and if you’re driving your own car, you could need a ‘green card’ that acts as proof of insurance.

This article was first published on July 28 and updated on December 15, 2020.

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Europe’s 90/180 rule: How long can you stay in an EU country and how does it work?

The maximum stay in most european countries is strictly limited for britons post-brexit, with holidaymakers only able to visit for a total of just under three months in any 180-day period. here’s what to watch out for, article bookmarked.

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Now that the UK has left the European Union, the ease with which the British have holidayed, worked and lived in the EU for decades has ended.

When negotiating the Brexit Withdrawal Agreement, the government arranged for the UK to be treated as a “third country”.

That means the maximum stay in any European Union nation except Ireland is strictly limited – with the “90/180” rule applying to British passport holders.

So how does it work, and which aspects are tricky to navigate? These are the key questions and answers.

How long can I stay in a European Union country with a British passport?

For the Schengen Area (comprising the vast majority of EU countries, plus others) there is a limit of 90 days in any 180. The simplest way to look at this: if you went out to the Schengen Area on 1 January 2023, you would be able to stay there until the end of March. You would then need to stay out of Schengen for another 90 days, until late June.

Of course most people will have more complex travel plans than this. The question to ask on the day you plan to travel to the Schengen Area is: going back 180 days (almost six months), on how many days have you been in the the zone? Your passport should contain entry and exit stamps, allowing you and passport officials to calculate the timing. (Days of entry and exit are included in the tally, even if you spent only a couple of hours in the Schengen Area.)

If the answer is less than 90 days in the past 180 days, you are entitled to enter the Schengen area. But how long you can stay depends on a “rolling count”.

What does that mean?

You always have to be looking back 180 days. Suppose after not having travelled to Europe in the past year, you spend from 1 January to 1 March in Schengen, and then leave – after 60 days in the zone.

You then return on 1 April. You could stay only up to 30 April before having to leave. Your score is now 90 days, and that means you have used up your allowance for the entire 180 days from New Year’s Day (when the clock started ticking). Only at the very end of June, when you start erasing those days at the start of January, are you allowed back in.

The European Union provides a handy online calculator for your own circumstances.

Can you simplify, please?

I can try. Just imagine a calendar that stretches back almost six months from today (T). What happened before “T minus 180” is completely irrelevant. What counts is the number of days you were either inside (I) or outside (O) the Schengen Area in the last 180.

You can easily keep count on a calendar yourself, either printed or digital.

If “I” hits 90, you must leave that day.

Just remind me about the Schengen Area?

The “passport free” zone includes almost all the EU countries except Bulgaria, Cyprus, Ireland and Romania – plus Andorra, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, San Marino, Switzerland and the Vatican City.

Stays in all these countries count towards that 90 day limit.

What happens if I overstay?

In general travellers are given three days’ grace on breaking the 90-day limit. Any longer than that and they are likely to be handed an entry ban for one year. This applies throughout the Schengen Area – not just the country in which you overstayed.

What is different for Ireland?

Freedom of movement for UK citizens and unlimited length of stay is guaranteed under the provisions of the Common Travel Agreement.

But because the Brexit deal created a “border in the Irish Sea” there are new controls from Great Britain to both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland on pet passports, currency and food – no cheese or ham sandwiches allowed.

I live in Northern Ireland. Am I exempt from the 90/180 rule?

Only if you have a passport from the Irish Republic, which is easily obtained by most people in Northern Ireland. Using a British passport the standard limitations apply, even though the nation is part of the European customs union.

What about the other EU countries that are not in Schengen?

Each of Bulgaria, Cyprus and Romania has its own individual 90/180 day limits. You could therefore effectively keep flipping between Schengen and those other countries – though frontier officials may raise eyebrows and demand to see how you are supporting yourself financially.

I still have a burgundy British passport with “European Union” on the cover. Does that make any difference?

No. It remains valid as a UK travel document. But it loses all its EU powers.

Just remind me of the passport validity rules for Europe?

The stricter rules on passport validity for “third countries“ now apply. Your travel document must comply with two rules:

• Day of arrival in the EU – less than 10 years since issue.
• Day of intended departure from the EU – at least three months remaining to expiry.

EU fast-track lanes for passport control are no longer open to British travellers, although countries that receive a large number of visitors from the UK, such as Spain and Portugal, make special arrangements when flights arrive.

But immigration procedures will be slower, and UK citizens no longer have any guarantee of entry. Frontier officials are required by European Union law to conduct deeper checks.

They may ask for the purpose of the visit; where you plan to travel and stay; how long you intend to remain in the EU; how you propose to fund your stay; and whether you constitute a threat to public health.

I want to stay longer. Can I?

Many British people with second homes in France or a tradition of spending winter in Spain are in this position: they do not want nor need residence, but simply want to stay longer than three months.

Each country has its own version of a long-stay visitor visa.

For France, you can apply for a Visa de long séjour (VLS-T). The six-month version entitles the holder to make multiple trips to France. For the remainder of the year, you can use the 90/180 Schengen allowance twice.

These visas demand evidence of income and/or financial resources plus and accommodation. You must attend an interview in London, Manchester or Edinburgh, have fingerprints taken and pay €99 (£87) for the visa along with a processing fee of about £30.

Spain has a similar “long duration” visa, for which you have to submit a medical certificate showing you pose no threat to the Spanish people, an official document confirming you have not been in trouble in the past five years and evidence of at least £2,000 per month for your intended stay.

You have to attend an interview at a Spanish consulate general – in London or Edinburgh.

A long-stay permit for a specific EU country does not mean that you are entitled to spend more than 90 days in 180 in other Schengen Area nations. But any time spent in the country for which you have a visa doesn’t count towards the 90-day tally.

Increasingly many European nations are setting up “digital nomad” visas, but for these you will need to demonstrate a flow of income.

My passport wasn’t stamped when I left Spain four months ago. Could I be in trouble?

A frontier official could challenge your apparent overstay, but if you are arriving from the UK they are likely to acknowledge that a mistake has been made.

Supporting evidence such as a boarding pass showing a flight from Spain to Britain could be useful to support your version of events.

Will I need a ‘eurovisa’ soon?

Yes. From November 2023 (or possibly later) British visitors will need to register online and pay in advance for an “ Etias “ permit under the European Travel Information and Authorisation System.

This is a relatively light-touch visa, akin to the Esta used by the US. It will cost €7 (£6) for a three-year permit. The 90/180 rule will continue to prevail – limiting the amount of time that can be spent in the Schengen Area.

Didn’t the 90/180 day rule apply to British visitors to the Schengen Area before Brexit, because we were outside the zone?

No, but there is plenty of misinformation online claiming that it did.

The free movement directive of 2004 says: “Citizenship of the Union confers on every citizen of the Union a primary and individual right to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States,”

Whatever Brexiteers keen to rewrite history may claim, the idea that stays were limited to 90 days in 180 is nonsense – as anyone with an Irish passport will confirm.

The government in Dublin says: “Irish citizens continue to have EU citizenship wherever they live. They continue to enjoy the right to travel and live and work anywhere in the EU.”

An Irish passport holder who lives in the UK is not subject to the 90/180-day rule.

Talking of history, weren’t we assured nothing would change for British travellers after Brexit?

Immediately after the 2016 referendum, Boris Johnson reinforced that impression when he wrote: “British people will still be able to go and work in the EU; to live; to study; to buy homes and settle down.”

Yes. David Davis, the first Brexit secretary, said: “There will be no downside to Brexit, only a considerable upside.”

What does the government say now?

“This is a hugely exciting time for our country, one filled with potential and opportunity.

“This is a government that possesses the ambition and determination the UK needs to succeed now and for many years to come.”

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Travelling to Europe after Brexit: 11 things you need to know

Brexit-proof your holiday

If you've booked your holiday for 2019, or are about to book a holiday, you'll probably have a few questions about what will happen after 29 March 2019 when the UK leaves the European Union. 

Brexit negotiations are still ongoing, and we don't know if there will be a deal, or no deal, but the good news is, it's possible to Brexit-proof your holiday.

• Check out T3's ultimate travel guide
• Make sure you're using the best suitcase
• This is the best carry-on luggage

Emma Coulthurst, travel expert from holiday price comparison site  TravelSupermarket , has shared everything you need to know about travelling to Europe after Brexit, including how to pick up a bargain.

1. Europe wants us to travel and package holiday prices are currently incredibly low

The EU does not want to make travel from Britain to Europe difficult, as Brits spend a fortune on holidays in Europe.

The EU has already offered a deal to allow flights to continue in the event of a no-deal Brexit and has recently stated that no aircraft will be grounded, even if no deal is reached. 

Also, when it comes to current compensation rights for delayed or cancelled flights, there is positive news; the UK Government has said that, irrespective of what happens with Brexit, these rights will be kept and not diminished.

Turismo de Portugal’s plan, in the situation of a no-deal Brexit, includes visa exemption (for trips of up to 90 days), dedicated passport control areas/lanes for UK flights, and the use of the Portuguese National Health Service. Other countries could follow suit.

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It's also interesting to note that where an economy relies on British tourism, those countries need to compete to get us. 

Summer 2019 package holidays are currently on sale for as much as 36-percent cheaper than if you were buying a summer holiday at this time last year.

2. Check your passport

With a no-deal Brexit, you will be considered a third party national after 29 March, and UK citizens will need to have at least six months left on their British passport. 

So, if you are planning on travelling to Europe from 30 March 2019 onwards and your passport is nearing its expiry date, you may wish to consider renewing now.

Also, as of September 10, 2018, any extra months you have on your passport from an early renewal will not count. Previously, you could carry up to nine months over. 

So you need to look at when your passport was issued, and add 10 years to get the expiry date. Do not use the actual expiry date printed on the passport.

Other than that, there are no changes for now when using your passport (which has the European Union wording on the front cover). In fact, all current passports are likely to remain in force until their expiry and only then would they be replaced with something without that wording.

You can check whether you need to renew your passport using the Government's Check-a-Passport tool .

3. Will I need a VISA after Brexit and will it be expensive?

British citizens will not need to apply for a visa after 29 March, and should be granted visa-free travel for a short stay, the European Council proposed.

A 'short stay' is defined as 90 days in any 180 days.

The European Commission has suggested even in a no-deal situation that British citizens will be able to travel visa-free if the UK offers the same deal to EU nationals. 

However, it is likely that a three-year pre-travel authorisation, called European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS), will need to be purchased prior to travel. 

This will cost €7 (approximately £6.30). It is a form of light visa and is similar to the ESTA visa waiver scheme which the US currently has with the UK. 

Bear in mind that a deal scenario will see a 'transition period' until the end of 2020, meaning travel will continue as usual and not be subject to any changes until this date.

4. Travel insurance will be valid after Brexit, but ensure it's in-place on the day you book your holiday

If you are booking your 2019 holiday now, then take out travel insurance protection on the day you book. 

This isn’t specific Brexit advice; you should do this anyway as it covers you if anything goes wrong, for example, you have a serious illness and are unable to take the holiday. 

You may also want to consider including comprehensive cancellation cover, to cover you in the event of a strike or travel disruption.

• Find the best deals on travel insurance

5. Will European Health Insurance Cards (EHICs) still be valid post-Brexit?

Our future use of the card is still being renegotiated. Should Britain remain within the European Economic Area (EEA), (Iceland, Norway and Lichtenstein are examples), having chosen to leave the EU, it is hoped we will be able to keep reciprocal healthcare with the other EEA/EU nations. 

The alternative would be to negotiate separate reciprocal healthcare agreements with individual countries, similar to those that the UK already has with Australia, New Zealand and Russia, which could take some time. 

In a recent report released by ABTA, published in partnership with Deloitte, the travel agent body suggested that if UK citizens were left in a position where their access to local healthcare abroad was restricted, travel insurance premiums could rise.

6. Will mobile phone companies start charging roaming fees again after Brexit?

A recent benefit of being a member of the European Union has been the elimination of roaming fees and call charges when travelling in other EU countries. For now, this will continue and if a deal is struck, it will extend through the transition period until the end of 2020. 

After this, mobile phone companies could review the surcharges and increase bills. 

However, if a deal is not reached, the government has promised to legislate to cap roaming charges.  

7. Will I need an international driving permit to drive in the EU after Brexit?

It is believed that the UK Government is planning to come to a new agreement that will allow business as usual. However, if this new agreement is rejected, Brits may need to purchase an International Driving Permit (IDP) to drive in the EU. 

There are currently three IDP types available that permit drivers to get behind the wheel in different countries, costing £5.50 each. You get a permit by taking your driving licence, additional ID (e.g. a passport) and a signed passport photo to the Post Office.

Your car insurance will not automatically extend into Europe. You will need to check and request a “Green Card” from your insurer for an extra charge.

8. Choose your destination carefully

You can currently get a lot of lev and lira for your money from short-haul destinations such as Bulgaria or Turkey, and long-haul destinations such as South Africa and Mexico offer a really good return on your sterling.

You also need to consider the cost of the package holiday and how much things will cost you when you get there. 

In 2017, package holidays from the UK to Turkey tended to be at least 22% cheaper and as much as 64% cheaper than Spain. 

This year, in 2019, that has flipped and package holidays to Western Med destinations such as mainland Spain, Majorca and Portugal are, on the whole, cheaper than to Turkey. 

So, it is worth comparing prices before making your final decision. 

These are currently the five locations offering the most affordable short-haul package holidays from the UK this summer according to TravelSupermarket: The Algarve, Costa Brava, Crete, Corfu and the Costa del Sol.

Consider a holiday to a country with a lower cost of living.  Portugal, for example, tends to be a little bit cheaper for eating out than Spain. 

Food and drink prices are much lower in South East Asian countries such as Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia and Indonesia.

Eastern Europe offers you a lot of choice for a city break and prices tend to be around a third or more lower than in the UK. Destinations to consider include Budapest Bucharest, Riga, Sofia, Prague or Tallinn, Krakow or Warsaw. 

The best times to visit these cities are now or in the autumn, when the summer throngs of tourists are nowhere to be found and package prices tend to be at their lowest.

Looking for some inspiration?

• Top holiday destinations for 2019: 7 must-visit countries
• 7 luxury holiday destinations for a truly relaxing break
• 8 sunny holiday destinations to beat the January blues

9. Package holidays offer more protection

The EU Package Travel Directive is very important for Brits who book package holidays within the EU. 

The legislation covers a whole range of issues, including if a package organiser goes bankrupt or does not fulfil the terms of the holiday contract. Once we leave the EU, we will still enjoy that protection. Plus, the UK has its own ATOL scheme, which operates to standards over and above the current EU directive.

However, you are not covered if you book a flight and accommodation separately.

A package gives you (ATOL) financial protection, which means that you are entitled to a refund or to be brought home if the travel company goes out of business. 

Legal protection under the EU Package Regulations means your travel company is responsible for making sure that you get the holiday you paid for. 

If something isn’t provided or isn’t as expected and the travel company or its suppliers are at fault, they will need to resolve the issue, whether it’s offering an alternative or providing a full or partial refund. 

When you turn up at your destination and the hotel isn’t as advertised or heavy snow prevents you from travelling, the provider you purchased the holiday from is responsible for looking after you, whether that’s fixing the problem or rearranging your holiday.

10. Consider an all-inclusive holiday to lock in the price

Another way to beat exchange rate currencies is to consider an all-inclusive holiday. This way, you avoid poor exchange rates and don’t have to worry about spending lots of extra money on food and drink.

11. Never get your holiday money at the airport

Don’t exchange money in airports where rates are at their least competitive. Compare online to get the best rates; find the place where you have to hand over as little sterling in exchange as possible. 

This can ensure you get a lot more for your holiday money. We ran a quick comparison and found we could save £33 by buying €1,000 with the best-buy company versus the most expensive – not bad for two minutes spent online. 

Many credit and debit cards carry a 2.99% transaction fee. That’s an extra £2.99 to pay for every £100 you spend. Debit cards in particular tend to cost you more than credit cards and the costs are hidden – you don’t see them until they hit your statement. 

However, the costs don’t stop there. Every bank also has to convert the charge from the currency you are buying into sterling. And the vast majority take this opportunity to take a little more for themselves. 

It’s called the currency loading fee which can add as much as 3% to the cost. So you could actually find you’re paying as much as 6% extra for the privilege of using your card overseas. 

And forget trying to use your card in an ATM. Debit and credit card issuers are ready to impose an ATM charge of up to 5% or a minimum of £5 per withdrawal and then impose interest on top too.

I’d highly recommend getting a credit card specifically for overseas’ use which you just use when you go abroad; with the right card, you will get a better exchange rate on this than you can get for currency and there are no transaction fees. Obviously, always make sure you spend within your means and pay it off on time.

If you are paying by card overseas and you are offered the chance to pay in pounds, refuse and pay in the local currency. Paying in sterling will cost you more as the retailer may take an extra cut.

• Thanks to TravelSupermarket for providing this advice

As the Style and Travel Editor at T3, Spencer covers everything from clothes to cars and watches to hotels. Everything that's cool, stylish, and interesting, basically. He's been a part of T3 for over seven years, and in that time covered every industry event known to man, from CES and MWC to the Geneva Motorshow and Baselworld. When he's driving up and down the country in search of the greatest driving roads, he can be found messing around on an electric scooter, playing with luxury watches, or testing the latest fragrances.

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Everything You Need to Know about Travelling to Europe after Brexit

Tuesday, 9 Mar 2021

Coronavirus, and its control on our movements, has dominated headlines and talk within the travel community for what seems like an eternity. Now, vaccines have us all excited for city breaks and beach escapes once more and the release of pent-up demand is sure to be seen this summer in destinations such as Greece and Spain but wait – remember Brexit?

Last year, the UK officially left the EU, but a transition period was put in place to allow both parties time to iron out a deal. Given the monumental happenings of 2020, we’d say this period presented a welcome pause to proceedings.

The Brexit transition period ended on 1 January 2021 and with international travel restrictions set to be lifted for Britons from as early as May 17, we can now start thinking about the realities of a trip to Europe in light of the UK’s new position outside of the bloc. 

Uncertainty may remain surrounding the UK’s future relationship with Europe but for now, we know the rules about travel have changed and will impact how we will holiday in some of our favourite destinations.

Here is everything you need to know about preparing for a trip to Europe - once you’re allowed to leave good ole Blighty of course. 

It’s a good idea to check your passport again. Previously, all UK citizens with a valid passport were able to travel freely throughout the EU. As of January, however, you may need to renew your passport much earlier than you anticipated as new rules state you must have at least six months validity remaining from the day of your departure.

Entry to EU countries, or Iceland , Liechtenstein, Norway or Switzerland may be denied if your passport expires within these six months.

Check with the official UK government website for country specific requirements before your travel and if needed, renew your passport at least a couple of months before your planned departure date as it may take several weeks to process applications.

British travellers will no longer be able to use the EU citizens lane at border control   and must instead use the Non-EU citizens’ queue.

Be prepared for longer wait times and more questions from officials who may require you to display your return or onward ticket and provide proof of funds to support the duration of your stay.

No meat, milk, or products containing such are permitted into Europe from the UK with the Independent reporting how border officials in the Netherlands were confiscating sandwiches from motorists arriving in the country from England.

This ban extends to items such as cakes that contain fresh cream and confectionary and items must not be on a passenger’s person or their luggage. 

A special certificate will be needed to bring back certain plants, fresh vegetables, flowers and grains.

You will now be able to enjoy duty-free shopping of goods including alcohol and tobacco in ports, airports and international train stations on your way back from European destinations.

Health Insurance

Before departing, we recommend finding your European Health Insurance Card (EHIC). The card will remain valid until it expires but if yours already has or will before your travel date, you will need to apply for the new UK Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC).

Free of charge, the card will entitle you to necessary state healthcare for free or at a reduced cost in Europe or other rest-of-the-world countries where the UK has reciprocal healthcare agreements such as Australia and New Zealand .

The GHIC does no cover access to health services in non-EU countries such as Norway , Switzerland and Iceland so if travelling to any of these destinations it is important to take out adequate travel insurance to cover any possible health issues that arise during your stay.

Driving a Car

For those wishing to hop on the road trip trend and traverse Europe in their own vehicle, there are a few extra pieces of documentation that you will now need before you begin. 

Firstly, you need to ensure you have a GB sticker to attach to the back of your car.

You’ll also need a Green Card, or Motor Insurance Card, which is a certificate of insurance proving you have the minimum insurance coverage needed to drive in Europe.

Northern Irish drivers are also required to carry a physical Green Card when travelling across the border into the Republic of Ireland .

The application process for a Green Card can be lengthy so we advise you to take action six weeks in advance of your journey.

Anyone wishing to drive a car, whether their own or a hire, during their visit to Europe must have a valid photocard license that was issued in the UK. Alternatively, those with only a paper licence or one that was issued in Gibraltar , Guernsey , Jersey , or the Isle of Man , will need to apply for an International Driving Permit (IDP).

There are three types of IDP depending on the country being visited, and if you’re planning on driving in more than one country, you may need more than one type of permit.

Trip Duration

Tourists don’t need a visa for short trips to most EU and EEA countries.

Travellers are permitted to holiday in Europe for a maximum of 90 days in any 180-day period but those who wish to visit more frequently or stay longer, such as students studying abroad, will have to apply for a visa or travel permit. 

Trips to Bulgaria , Croatia , Cyprus and Romania will not count towards the 90-day total.

Meanwhile, rules of visits to Ireland have not changed and you are still permitted to work there.

We get it, you’ve been cosying up with your pets on the sofa for the last year and you can’t bear the thought of leaving them for a week or two.

A holiday to Europe with your dog or cat is now more difficult than previously, however.

If you have one, your existing pet passport will no longer be valid (except for those from Northern Ireland ). Instead, you’ll need an Animal Health Certificate (AHC).

The AHC requires a blood test and results can take as long as three months to get back, so we advise starting this process well in advance. 

Your pet will also need to be microchipped and vaccinated against rabies. Treatment for tapeworm is also required if your pet is travelling to Finland , Malta , Northern Ireland, or Norway.

If you want to make your journey to Europe a little easier, you can avoid carrying excessive amounts of luggage by sending your belongings in advance .

How do you feel about travel to Europe post Brexit? Join the discussion on Facebook or Twitter .

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Travelling in Europe

This advice applies to England. See advice for See advice for Northern Ireland , See advice for Scotland , See advice for Wales

If you’re planning to travel in the EU, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland or Liechtenstein you should:

check the latest travel advice on GOV.UK - there might be extra rules because of coronavirus

check your passport is valid for the dates you’re travelling

get travel insurance

find out if you’ll be charged more to use your mobile phone

check you’ve got everything you have to take if you’ll be driving, for example a UK sticker for your car

check you’ve got the right documents if you’re taking your pet

Check your passport is valid for the dates you’re travelling

You’ll need to renew your passport if either:

there’s less than 3 months left on your passport at any time while you’re travelling - check your passport to find out when it expires

your passport is 10 years old or more on the day you enter the EU country - count this from the date your passport was issued

You can check if your passport will be valid for your trip on GOV.UK . You’ll need to search for the country you’re going to and click on ‘entry requirements’.

Apply for your passport as early as you can - it can take several weeks to process in busy times. If you need to renew a passport urgently, you can book an appointment for the 1 week Fast Track service on GOV.UK .

Get travel insurance

If you're a UK resident and have an existing European Health Insurance Card (EHIC), you can still use it to get state provided healthcare in EU countries until it expires. You can also use an existing EHIC in Switzerland if you’re a UK national, Swiss national or EU citizen.

You can’t use an existing EHIC in Norway, Iceland or Liechtenstein - you’ll need to get a new one instead.

You might be able to apply for a new EHIC if before 1 January 2021 you started being one of the following:

an EU citizen living in in the UK

a Norwegian, Icelandic, Liechtenstein or Swiss national living in the UK

a UK student studying in the EU, Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein or Switzerland

a UK state pensioner living in the EU, Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein or Switzerland

You might also be able to apply for an EHIC if you're a family member or dependant of someone who’s eligible.

You can apply for a new EHIC for free on the NHS website - you can apply up to 6 months before your existing EHIC expires. You should be careful if you see other websites offering EHICs, they’ll usually try to charge you.

You might be able to apply for a UK Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC) instead if:

you don’t have an EHIC

your EHIC has expired

you’re not eligible for an EHIC

You might also be able to apply for a GHIC if you're a family member or dependant of someone who’s eligible.

You can use a GHIC to get ‘medically necessary’ healthcare in EU countries at a reduced cost or sometimes for free. Medically necessary healthcare means any treatment that can’t wait until you get back to the UK. You can also use it in Switzerland if you’re a UK national, Swiss national or EU citizen. If you’re travelling to Norway, you can use your UK passport for medically necessary healthcare.

You can apply for a GHIC for free on the NHS website .

You should still get travel insurance before your trip - even if you have an EHIC or GHIC. An EHIC or GHIC won’t cover the cost of travel back to your own country if you’re ill - this is known as ‘repatriation’. Repatriation can be very expensive.

If you have an existing illness or health issue

Most travel insurance won’t cover you for any illnesses or health issues you already have. If they do, you'll usually have to pay more money.

It’s important to tell your insurer if you have any existing health issues before buying insurance. If they can’t cover you, they should recommend a specialist insurance company that can.

If you have an EHIC or GHIC, it might allow you to get routine medical care for existing illnesses or health issues. You should check with the healthcare provider in the country you’re travelling to first. Some treatments might need to be arranged before you travel.

Find out if you’ll be charged more to use your mobile phone

You might have to pay more to use your mobile phone in the EU, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland or Liechtenstein.

Before you go, ask your mobile phone service provider what the charges will be for using your mobile phone abroad.  

Make sure you understand how to turn off mobile roaming on your phone if you’re worried about extra charges. This is usually in the phone’s ‘settings’ menu under ‘mobile roaming’.

If you want to use data abroad, check with your mobile provider to see if you have a data bundle that can be used abroad. If you don’t have a bundle or you’ve used it up, you’ll be charged for data.

You can ask your mobile provider if there’s a limit to how much data you can use abroad. If there’s no limit, you can tell them to set a limit on how much you want to spend.

Your mobile provider will tell you when you’re about to reach the agreed limit.

If you’re driving abroad

If you’re planning to drive in the EU, Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein or Switzerland, you'll need to take:

your driving licence and vehicle log book – you should check they’re up to date first

a UK sticker for your vehicle

a hired vehicle certificate – if you’re hiring or leasing your vehicle

an emissions sticker if you’re going to a European city that needs one - you might need to apply a few months before you travel

You might also have to take other things like a reflective jacket or a warning triangle sticker – it depends where you’re going. Check what else you need to take if you’re driving abroad on the AA’s website.

Check your driving licence and vehicle log book are up to date

You’ll need to take your driving licence with you. If it’s about to run out, you’ll need to renew it at least a week before you travel. You can check if your driving licence is still valid and order a new one on GOV.UK.

You’ll also need to take your vehicle log book (V5C) with you. If you don’t have one, you can order a replacement log book  from DVLA. Ask for it at least 6 weeks before you go. You’ll have to pay a fee.

Check if you need an international driving permit (IDP)

You might need to get an IDP to drive in the EU, Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein or Switzerland if you have a paper driving licence. You don’t need one if you have a UK photo driving licence. You might need more than one IDP if you’re driving in more than one country.

You can check if you’ll need an IDP  for the countries where you’ll be driving on GOV.UK.

You can get an IDP at the Post Office. You’ll need:

a full valid UK driving licence - photocard or paper

a passport-sized photograph

£5.50 application fee - for each IDP

your passport if you’re taking a paper driving licence

You must be 18 or over to get an IDP.

Get a UK sticker

You’ll need either:

a number plate that includes the UK symbol

a UK sticker on the back of your vehicle - you can buy this

You must use a UK sticker if you’re going to Spain, Cyprus or Malta - even if your number plate includes the UK symbol.

Check your insurance

You’ll need the right insurance to drive abroad. Check with your insurance company that your policy covers you and how long you can drive outside the UK. You might need to pay extra to drive abroad.

Check if you need a hired vehicle certificate

If you’re taking a hired or leased vehicle abroad you’ll need to take a VE103 vehicle on hire certificate with you to show you’re allowed to drive it. 

You can get a VE103 from your rental or lease company. You can also find other organisations where you can get a VE103 on GOV.UK . You might have to pay a fee for a VE103.

If you’re hiring a car abroad

You might have to share your online licence information when you pick up the car - this is information that isn’t on your photo licence. You can get a ‘check code’ to share your driving information with someone on GOV.UK . The code is valid for 21 days.

Insurance is usually included when you hire a car, but you should check it’s enough for your needs. You can sometimes pay more for extra cover.

Travelling with your pet

If you have a UK pet passport it won’t be valid anymore. 

Your pet or assistance animal will need:

a microchip

a rabies vaccination

an animal health certificate - unless you have a pet passport issued in an EU country or Northern Ireland

tapeworm treatment for dogs - if the country you’re going to requires it

Talk to your vet at least 10 days before you plan to travel for advice on what you need to do and how much it'll cost. Prices can vary between vets so it's a good idea to contact other vets to compare costs. You can also check what to do when taking your pet dog, cat or ferret abroad on GOV.UK .

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How will travel to the EU change for Britons after Brexit?

From 31 December, travel to EU countries will be different for UK citizens. We look into how passports, healthcare, driving and duty-free will be affected

T he impact of Brexit on European travel after 31 December 2020 is going to be a complicated one. A recent survey by Discover Ferries, which represents ferry operators in the UK and Ireland, reports that only one in three people felt confident about travel changes after the end of the transition period . Only 6% of respondents were aware of all the changes affecting EU travel in 2021.

Passports, healthcare, pets, driving and duty-free shopping were some of the topics causing confusion. Recent Covid-related travel restrictions have made things even less clear.

A fifth of those surveyed were planning European summer holidays in 2021; others were waiting to see how Brexit and Covid-19 play out. Discover Ferries director Abby Penlington said that because of 2020’s disruptions, operators were expecting passengers to book closer to their departure date than usual. She was optimistic about travel opportunities opening up, but said: “Amid UK lockdowns and the festive period, updating travel documents may not be at the forefront of the public’s mind.”

People need to plan ahead to do things like renew passports and update insurance, pet documents and driving permits. Here is what we know so far about travelling to EU countries in 2021.

Will Britons be able to travel to EU countries at all?

With the new coronavirus variant spreading, some countries have suspended travel from the UK, and people in tier 4 areas are banned from travelling abroad except for work purposes. EU Covid-19 guidance recommends that member states restrict non-essential travel from outside the EU – unless visitors come from countries with much-lower rates of infection, such as Australia and New Zealand.

Mark Tanzer, chief executive of Abta, representing the travel industry, pointed out that the European council’s guidance is only a recommendation. “Individual EU countries are still able to implement their own measures, considering options such as travel corridors and testing,” he said. He thought it would still be some weeks before the full position was clear.

An Abta spokesperson added: “Obviously, it’s subject to infection rates, but it’s a matter of common sense. British holidaymakers are very important for a number of EU countries. Several destinations will be desperate for us to come back.” According to Abta, UK travellers took more than 66 million European trips in 2019 .

There was a less sanguine view from the travel trade union, the Transport Salaried Staffs Association (TSSA). Its general secretary, Manuel Cortes, said early in December: “Just when we’ve had some good news from the vaccine rollout, this news about post-Brexit European travel restrictions could sound the death knell for the travel trade.

Are our passports still valid?

It doesn’t matter whether it’s a new dark blue one or an old burgundy one, UK passports will need to have at least six months’ remaining validity before the holder can travel to Europe. Passports also need to have been issued less than 10 years ago, which is generally not a problem. There is a government passport checker here .

Travel to the Republic of Ireland will generally stay the same. It is part of a common travel area that existed before we were members of the EU, so UK visitors will still be able to enter Ireland with any valid passport or photo ID, such as a driving licence.

Will we need visas to visit the EU?

Not for stays of less than 90 days. The European freedom of movement we’ve had for decades will end on 1 January 2021. But UK travellers will, for now, still be allowed to visit EU countries visa-free for up to 90 days in any 180 days.

From 2022, under the new European Travel Information and Authorization System (Etias), nationals from previously visa-free third countries, including UK citizens, will need to pay for a visa-waiver to visit Schengen-area countries. We will also need to fill in an Etias application form before setting off.

Will border control be different?

The UK government website says British visitors to EU countries may need to prove they have enough money to support themselves for the whole of their stay. They may also need to get their passport stamped and show a return or onward ticket. They will probably need to wait in a different queue from EU citizens, too. And (with a few exceptions) they won’t be able to take meat, dairy and certain plant products with them.

Can I drive in EU countries?

If you are driving your own car, you’ll need a green card (insurance certificate) to show that you’re insured in the EU. You need to contact your insurance company six weeks before you travel to get one. After 31 December, you’ll need a GB sticker on your car, too, even if the number plate already has a GB marking. If you only have a paper copy of your driving licence, you may also need an international driving permit – available at most post offices. For updates over coming weeks and months on which countries require one, check here .

Can I still travel with my pets?

Yes, but current EU pet passports will no longer be valid from 1 January; owners will need an animal health certificate instead. Government advice is to contact a vet at least four months in advance. Daniella Dos Santos, senior vice-president of the British Veterinary Association, said: “The UK has been confirmed as Part 2-listed , which means pets will need an animal health certificate every time they travel to the EU. Pet owners should visit their vet at least a month before travel regarding rabies vaccination, and then again no more than 10 days before travel to obtain the animal health certificate. Our advice to pet owners is to contact their vet in plenty of time to get the latest advice and allow time for the necessary additional paperwork.”

Will I still be able to access healthcare?

The overall picture is complicated and the UK government recommends taking out travel insurance with healthcare cover . No new European health insurance cards (Ehics) will be issued to UK citizens, but holders can continue to use them in the EU while validity lasts. The new UK-EU agreement suggests there will be a replacement healthcare scheme (involving a global health insurance card), but there are no clear details yet.

Will I have to pay roaming charges again on my mobile phone?

In 2017, the EU abolished additional charges for roaming (using your mobile phone abroad) for EU citizens travelling in other EU countries. Before that, holidaymakers could sometimes inadvertently incur hefty extra fees. From 1 January, individual mobile providers could introduce roaming surcharges again.

The UK’s four main phone networks – EE, Three, Vodafone and O2 – promised in the summer not to reintroduce charges. An EE spokesperson said: “Our customers going on holiday and travelling in the EU will continue to enjoy inclusive roaming.”

A new UK law means travellers can’t now incur mobile data charges of more than £45 a month without being alerted. For data usage costing more than £45, they’ll need to opt in by agreement with the operator.

What about duty-free?

The pre-Brexit rules let you bring as much as you like back from EU countries without paying UK duties. From January 2021 , there will be a duty-free allowance both ways. Up to this maximum, travellers can bring home goods bought in an EU country as long as they transport and use them themselves (or give them as a gift). The allowance for travellers from the EU to the UK includes up to four litres of spirits, 18 litres of wine and 42 litres of beer, so you could still stock up for a pretty good party.

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Travelling to Europe after Brexit

• Prepare your trip

Restrictions are starting to ease, and travel plans are becoming part of our lives once again, but we now have a new barrier between us and our well deserved holidays. Its name is BREXIT. 

One of the most sought after answers for British holidaymakers is, what’s changed when travelling to Europe after Brexit? In this article, we will take you through our guide to the must-knows before travelling to an EU destination, so that when the time comes, there’ll be nothing to stop you from finally going abroad and being prepared for any hiccups that may arise. 

So, what to know before travelling to Europe

Do i need a visa to travel to europe.

NO - If you are going on holiday you will not need a visa to travel to EU countries. 

Do I need a Passport to travel to Europe?

YES - Not only are passports getting a makeover and shiny new colour, but they will also need to be valid for 6 months from the date you enter Europe. If your passport is set to expire under 6 months from your travel dates, you will need to apply for a new passport. 

Do I need an International Driving Permit to drive in the EU?

NO - You can still drive in the EU with your British driving licence. You may need one if you have a paper licence. 

Can I drive my vehicle in the EU?

YES - You do not need to carry a green card when you drive in the EU (including Ireland), Andorra, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Serbia, or Switzerland. When travelling to the EU with your vehicle you will need: 

Valid Motor Insurance Your vehicle logbook (V5) VE103 to show you’re allowed to use your hired or leased vehicle abroad A UK sticker (Not GB, more on this below) 

If you are looking for a vehicle to travel comfortably abroad with, have a look at the wide range available on Yescapa.

Do I need a new sticker to drive in the EU?

YES - From the 28th of September 2021, you will need to place a sticker on the rear of your vehicle with the letters UK. If you previously had a GB sticker, you need to remove it or cover it, as this will no longer be valid. 

Do I need Health Insurance to travel to Europe?

NO - If you are travelling to Europe you can apply for a free Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC) or European Health Insurance Card (EHIC). If you already have an EHIC it will still be valid as long as it’s in date. A GHIC or EHIC gives you the right to access state-provided necessary healthcare during a temporary stay in those countries. It does not cover you for other emergencies such as theft, loss or repatriation services. For this, you would need to take out Travel Insurance to have peace of mind while abroad. 

Can I travel to Europe with my pet?

YES - However, Brexit has not helped our little furry friends move around. In order to travel to Europe with pets, you will need: 

a microchip a valid rabies vaccination an animal health certificate unless you have a pet passport issued in an EU country or Northern Ireland tapeworm treatment for dogs for some EU countries. (Check the UK Goverment Website for more information) 

Will I have roaming charges in Europe?

It depends! Since Brexit, it is up to your UK Mobile operator whether they charge extra when using your phone abroad, so make sure to check before you leave to avoid some of those nasty surprises we used to get before joining the EU. If your provider is EE, Vodafone or Three, make sure to verify the charges as these are the carriers who have introduced charges when abroad! If you are travelling by Ferry to Spain or France, we would suggest you hold off on making phone calls, unless you actually like big numbers on your phone bill of course. 

Will I be charged more to pay by bank card in the EU?

NO - the UK has maintained its participation in the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA). This means you’ll be able to continue to pay in euros with your bank card, with no new charges. However, this may change in the future but your bank will have to notify you first.

Can I bring food and drink back to the UK?

YES - However limits do apply. With cheeses and other dairy products, there is some good news, as the UK rules are currently less restrictive than the EU ones. The rules are also flexible when it comes to taking wine back, with the limit set at 18 litres per person.

On the downside, taking our beloved sausages on our hols is no longer permitted (check the UK Goverment Website for more information). 

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• Travelling in Europe after Brexit

Will Brexit impact my caravan, motorhome or campervan holiday?

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• Useful information

New rules for travel to Europe came into effect in January 2021 and you may need to take extra steps when travelling to a European destination. You should follow the UK Government travel advice before you travel abroad, including security and local laws, plus passport and visa information for all of the countries you will travel to, visit https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice

Find out more about the latest UK government advice if you’re travelling from the UK to the EU , and returning from the EU to the UK

Advice before you travel

Passports and visas

Read our advice for passports, visas and EHIC/GHIC cards when visiting EU countries after Brexit

Taking pets to Europe

Find out more about pet passports, bringing your pet back to the UK and other pet travel advice.

Driving in Europe

Check that you've got the correct documents and insurance to drive in Europe after Brexit

Documents & insurance

Find out which documentation you need to have for your holiday in Europe

Additional information to consider

Mobile roaming

Surcharge-free roaming for mobile phones and other devices is no longer guaranteed when travelling in the EU and some of the big network providers have said that they will reintroduce fees for customers on certain price plans. There is a UK government regulation which protects against 'unexpected charges' by setting a limit of £45, above which the phone company needs the customer agreement, but we recommend that you check with your network provider before travelling to avoid unexpected charges.

Food restrictions

There are restrictions on the food that you can carry into the EU. You cannot take meat, milk or products containing them into the EU; there are some exceptions, e.g. certain amounts of powdered infant milk, infant food, special food or pet food required for medical reasons. You cannot take plants including fruit and vegetables with the exception of bananas, coconuts, dates, pineapples and durians. Check the rules on the European Commission website . When returning to the UK you can currently bring these products with you for personal consumption but always check for the most up to date information on GOV.UK

Tax-free sales

Tax-free sales beyond security controls in the UK such as perfume, electronics etc. will end from 1 January 2021. On this date, duty-free sales of alcohol and tobacco beyond UK security controls will now apply on the same basis as non-EU destinations. When returning to the UK you will no longer be allowed to bring unlimited amounts of alcohol, tobacco or other goods for personal use. See GOV.UK for a full list of limitations.

Visit gov.uk/visiteurope for the most up to date information

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In Europe's Schengen area , your passport must be valid for at least six months at the time of your entry. At present, the Schengen area includes most European Union (EU) countries, except for Cyprus and Ireland.

If you are transiting through Canada or the United Kingdom (UK) enroute to the Schengen area : your passport must be valid for at least six months, even though Canada and the UK do not themselves have the six-month rule. If your passport will expire within six months, airlines may not let you board your onward flight to Europe.

Traveling in Europe

If you plan to travel in Europe, you need to know about the Schengen Borders Agreement, which allows you to move freely within a number of countries without border checks. Tourists, exchange students, and people visiting for business from certain countries, like the United States, can travel in the Schengen area for up to 90 days. The Schengen area includes most EU countries, except for Cyprus and Ireland. It also includes four non-EU countries: Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein.

Before you travel to the Schengen area, we recommend you do the following:

• Check the expiration date on your passport book carefully before traveling to Europe. Ensure your passport book is valid for at least six months when you enter the Schengen area. This is especially important for minors under age 16 as their passports are only valid for five years. In contrast, U.S. citizen adults aged 16 and older receive passports that are valid for 10 years.
• Always carry your passport book with you when traveling to another country in the Schengen area. Even if there is no border check at that time, officials may reinstate border controls without notice.
• Be prepared to explain your purpose of travel.
• Be prepared to provide proof of sufficient financial resources for the visit.
• Comply with other entry requirements for each country you will visit or transit.

On our Country Information pages , you can find passport validity requirements and other important information for your destination country. If your passport does not meet the Schengen requirements, you may be:

• Refused boarding by the airline at your point of origin or while transferring planes.
• Denied entry when you arrive in the Schengen area, regardless of how long you will stay.

An immigration official will determine if you qualify for visa-free entry to the Schengen area when you first cross any external Schengen border. You will have to present your passport at that time. The officer may deny your entry if you do not qualify.

You should also check passport validity requirements if traveling onward from the Schengen area to a country outside the Schengen area. You can find this information in our Country Information pages.

HOW LONG CAN I REMAIN?

• With a valid U.S. passport book, you can stay up to 90 days in the Schengen area for tourism or business during any 180-day period. You must wait an additional 90 days before applying to re-enter the Schengen area.
• If you plan to stay in the Schengen area longer than three months, contact the embassy of the country where you plan to spend the majority of your time and apply for a visa.

Countries in the Schengen area may reinstate temporary internal or external border control without notice. U.S. citizens should carry their U.S. passport book at all times when entering or leaving the Schengen area. They should also bring it when traveling between Schengen countries.

How can the U.S. government help me if border officials do not let me enter?

• We can give you the contact information of foreign embassies of the countries you wish to visit.
• We can provide information about hiring an English-speaking foreign attorney overseas if you choose to do so.
• Note: We cannot influence a foreign government’s decision about allowing you to enter. We cannot intervene in another country’s criminal or administrative procedures.

What countries are members of the Schengen Borders Agreement?

Click on the country name for more information.

Bulgaria (entering in March 2024)

Czech Republic

Liechtenstein

Netherlands

Romania (entering in March 2024)

Switzerland

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How travel to europe will change for americans after brexit.

On March 29, the United Kingdom pulled the trigger on Article 50, popularly known as Brexit, that will release the country from the European Union.

This transition, which must be completed within two years, will have widespread economic, social and political implications throughout the UK and Europe. For the US, initial impact will likely be felt when it comes to travel and tourism.

The UK’s membership in the EU has allowed it to enjoy the benefits of the European open skies agreement. This deal was inked in 1994 and permits any EU airline the freedom to fly anywhere in Europe. This agreement has allowed UK low-cost carriers like easyJet and Ryanair to compete with the bigger airlines, resulting in cheaper airfare for travelers.

That could all change now that Brexit is in motion. Budget carriers currently take full advantage of the open skies agreement, flying in between other European countries. Under the new restrictions, these carriers will only be able to operate flights that start or end in the UK, which would eliminate some of their cheap and popular routes. To avoid this hit, low-cost carriers will need to make new agreements with the rest of Europe in order to use other countries’ airspace.

“One of the Government’s tasks will be considering how airlines now operate within the EU, their ownership structures and their networks, to ensure there is a competitive market that continues to work for consumers,” said Andrew Haines, chief executive of the UK’s Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) in a statement.

To avoid the loss of routes, budget carriers could ease tensions by relocating their headquarters. According to the Guardian , EU chiefs have informed low-cost carriers that relocating or selling off shares to European nationals (citizens of a country in the EU) is a necessity if they want to continue flying routes in continental Europe.

British Airways will be unaffected by the restrictions because all of its flights currently depart or arrive in the UK.

Impact on travelers

The full extent of Brexit’s impact is unknown, but it’s likely that the transition could get rocky and possibly costly for consumers.

On Wednesday, Ryanair issued a statement urging the government to make aviation a priority when formulating a post-Brexit plan. Kenny Jacobs, CMO of Ryanair, expressed his concern that the UK will be completely cut off from the rest of Europe if nothing is done.

“Ryanair, like all airlines, plans its flights 12 months in advance, so there are just 12 months to go until we finalize our summer 2019 schedule, which could see deep cuts to our flights both to, from and within the UK from March 2019 onwards,” said Jacobs.

Fewer options

If Jacobs’s fears are realized, travelers could be left with fewer options for flying around Europe. Over the past couple of years, cheaper fuel prices have allowed airlines like Norwegian, Wow air and Ryanair to offer deeply discounted airfare throughout the region. This competition has kept prices low, which could all change in the years following Article 50.

“If the open skies agreement is changed because of Brexit, that could lead to lower competition which would drive up prices,” said Patrick Surry from Hopper .

On the other hand, Surry is quick to point out that confusion over Brexit and Americans’ perception of Europe has had a negative impact on flight demand to the region. This uncertainly, in addition to the low cost of fuel, has caused a 16% price drop in airfare to Europe. If this trend continues, prices could remain low, despite the lack of competition.

Longer lines in the UK

Traveling through airports in Europe could also get more interesting. Currently, EU travelers enter the country using the same line as citizens of the UK. Once Brexit is complete, EU travelers will probably have to travel through the same line as visitors from other countries. Likewise, travelers from the UK will no longer be able to use the EU customs line at member airports in Europe. All of this will lead to longer lines, which American travelers should prepare for if they plan to travel to Europe.

“Immigration lines are going to grow and it’s going to become a problem unless they find a way to speed up immigration,” Charles Leocha from Travelers United told Yahoo Finance. “A large percentage of their travel market comes from the EU, so there are a lot of ways this can play out.”

Brittany is a reporter at Yahoo Finance.

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Immigration is a big issue ahead of the U.K. elections, too

Willem Marx

In this drone view, an inflatable dinghy carrying migrants makes its way across the English Channel to Britain, on May 4. Chris J. Ratcliffe/Reuters hide caption

LONDON — Britain's two major political parties have continued to focus their campaigning on taxation policy and the economy ahead of elections early next month, but for many British voters, immigration remains a major concern — with record high numbers of migrants arriving legally and irregularly.

This will be the United Kingdom’s first general election since leaving the European Union more than four years ago. At a time when immigration has been central to electoral politics elsewhere in Europe, Brexit's implications for immigration policy remain a topic British policymakers seem loath to acknowledge.

During last weekend's European parliamentary elections , anti-immigrant sentiment was one of several factors that helped far-right parties in several countries — including France, Germany and Italy — win more seats in the European legislature.

Over several years starting around 2015, supporters of Brexit hailed its promise as a process that would provide Britain with greater control over its immigration policy.

But in recent years, politicians have learned that leaving one of the world's largest economic blocs has not only damaged the U.K. economy, it has proved far from a panacea for the country's immigration challenges either.

Takeaways from the European parliamentary elections

For more than two years, powerful pictures and often tragic stories of thousands of people making dangerous boat crossings from France, with several drowning incidents , have affected the British public.

Prime Minister Rishi Sunak’s solution to stop those boat crossings is a plan to deport irregular migrants to Rwanda , in East Africa, for their asylum claims to be processed there. But after two years of trying and hundreds of millions of dollars spent, multiple court decisions blocked the policy as unlawful, no flights to Rwanda have taken off yet, and Sunak has acknowledged no flights will do so before election day on July 4, and only then if he wins the election.

British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak reacts as he answers journalists' questions at the Downing Street Briefing Room, in central London, on April 22, regarding a plan for Britain to transfer migrants to Rwanda. Toby Melville/Pool/AFP via Getty Images hide caption

His opponents in the Labour Party, which is leading in opinion polls , have already made clear they will scrap the plan if they win power.

One prominent Brexit cheerleader, Nigel Farage, also supports stringent policies for potential asylum-seekers. He recently announced he's running for Parliament with the relatively new right-wing Reform U.K. party — which is now close to the governing Conservatives in the polls .

"We should deport people who come to Britain illegally, and we used to," he said during a recent interview with the BBC , in which he pointed to a significant fall in the number of annual deportations , which he considers to be a failing deterrent for would-be migrants. "Once people know that if they come to Britain illegally, they absolutely will not be allowed to stay, they will stop coming.”

Anti-establishment candidate Nigel Farage could split the U.K.'s Conservative vote

Political opponents say Farage refuses to acknowledge publicly the problem is — at least in part — rooted in Brexit. But he’s not alone.

In April, an editor at British television’s ITV News asked Foreign Secretary David Cameron, a Conservative who was prime minister from 2010-2016, whether he would have pushed through the Rwanda plan if he had himself still been the premier. “We had a totally different situation," he responded, "where you could return people directly to France. Now, I'd love that situation to be the case again, that's the most sensible thing."

But that option is “not available at the moment,” he continued. "It's simply not possible." The editor asked whether it was because of Brexit. He demurred, responding it was "because of the situation we're in."

The clip went viral, as an implied admission that Brexit had somewhat failed to allow Britain to “ take back control ," as its boosters promised it would.

U.K. Parliament approves a plan to deport asylum-seekers to Rwanda

Prior to Brexit in 2020 , Britain's membership of the EU allowed the country to return asylum-seekers to other EU member states they had traveled from, including France, under a pact known as the Dublin agreement. "Its principal aim is to prevent asylum shopping — so asylum-seekers picking and choosing the destination country," explains Peter Walsh from the Migration Observatory, a research center at Oxford University. "That provided a mechanism for us to return asylum-seekers to the European continent, but when we left the EU, we also left that system."

Walsh says recreating a similar set of multilateral agreements has proved difficult since Brexit, with Europeans disinclined to help. That includes France, where the U.K. government has spent tens of millions of dollars helping to fund French police patrols of beaches to disrupt the people trafficking that helps people travel on rubber dinghies the several dozen miles of water to southern England.

Coast Guard, ambulance staff, border agents and police escort asylum-seekers who landed on Dungeness beach in southern England. The asylum-seekers are taken to a station of the British charity, RNLI, for a medical check and search, before boarding a bus headed to Dover for processing, on Nov. 22, 2023. Andrew Aitchison/In Pictures via Getty Images hide caption

Britain's status as an island also makes patrolling its borders — paradoxically — more complicated, Walsh says, since pushing migrant arrivals back at sea is considered too dangerous. Brexit threw up other immigration-related challenges too: making it much harder for European citizens to move to Britain for work, and vice versa. That meant many more non-Europeans have arrived in the U.K. with work permits to fill job vacancies, forcing legal migration numbers to record highs."

Brexit Vote Leads To Increased Anti-Immigrant Sentiment In The UK

People who think migration is a really important issue — it has increased in the last year," says Mariña Fernández-Reino, an academic who researches British public attitudes to immigration. She says public anger over immigration has subsided substantially and attitudes have softened since the 2016 Brexit referendum, when what she calls "restrictionist views" were very common.

But her research also indicates that while politicians rarely succeed in swaying people's minds over the subject of immigration — since many hold entrenched beliefs on the subject — it is possible for political leaders to mobilize people who hold opinions, one way or another, as was the case with Brexit. And during periods such as elections, that potential to mobilize can prove very powerful.

• Immigration
• asylum-seekers
• United Kingdom
• U.K. elections
• U.K. politics

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Brexit Champion Says He’ll Run for Parliament, Jolting U.K. Election

Nigel Farage, an anti-immigration campaigner and Trump ally, reversed a pledge not to run. His Reform U.K. party hopes to take seats from Conservatives.

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By Stephen Castle

Reporting from London

Nigel Farage, the pro-Brexit campaigner and serial disrupter of British politics, announced plans on Monday to run as a candidate in Britain’s general election next month , dealing a new setback to the prospects of the country’s embattled prime minister, Rishi Sunak.

The surprise announcement from Mr. Farage, who represents an insurgent hard-right movement that campaigns to curb immigration, threatens to upend the campaign by taking votes from Britain’s governing Conservative Party. In doing so, he could make it even harder for Mr. Sunak and his party to narrow a double-digit gap in the polls with the opposition Labour Party.

Divisive, charismatic and famed for his communication skills, Mr. Farage was one of the architects of Brexit, which a slim majority of Britons supported in a 2016 referendum. An earlier decision by Mr. Farage not to run this year was thought by some analysts to have sapped momentum from his party, Reform U.K., the successor to the Brexit Party he once led.

Mr. Farage said last month that he would not seek a parliamentary seat because he wanted to prioritize supporting Donald J. Trump’s electoral campaign in the United States. Mr. Farage is a longtime ally of the former president and campaigned for him in 2016 and 2020.

But on Monday Mr. Farage reversed his decision, saying he would take over as leader of Reform U.K. for the next five years and run for a seat in Parliament.

“I’ve changed my mind — it’s allowed, you know,” he said. “I am going to stand in this election.” He added that he would run in Clacton, a seaside area where support for Brexit has been strong.

The announcement comes on the eve of one of the biggest events of Britain’s general election campaign so far: a televised debate on Tuesday night between Mr. Sunak and Keir Starmer, the leader of the opposition Labour Party.

Mr. Sunak is already under significant pressure, with his Conservative Party trailing badly in opinion polls and after a gaffe-prone start to the campaign.

The change of heart by Mr. Farage could worsen prospects for the prime minister because, according to analysts, Reform U.K. threatens to take a significant number of votes from the Conservatives. Until now, much of Mr. Sunak’s election strategy appeared to have been directed toward winning back potential supporters from Reform U.K., motivating his core right-wing voters to turn out and averting a big defeat.

But on Monday Mr. Farage claimed that the Conservatives were destined to be swept away on a wave of disdain for the political establishment and were “on the verge of total collapse.”

Despite Mr. Farage’s profile and popularity on the right of British politics, electoral success in Clacton, where he plans to run, is not guaranteed. He has never been elected to the British Parliament at Westminster despite seven previous attempts, although he was a member of the European Parliament for two decades before Britain quit the European Union.

Under Britain’s winner-take-all electoral system, candidates from smaller parties struggle because they need to secure the biggest share of the vote in the area they seek to represent.

Nonetheless, Mr. Farage appears to have calculated that he has a chance of victory in Clacton, a staunchly pro-Brexit town about 80 miles northeast of London. It was once represented by a lawmaker from the U.K. Independence Party, which Mr. Farage also once led and which campaigned for Britain to leave the European Union.

With the Conservatives trailing badly in the opinion polls, Mr. Farage has been increasingly vocal in predicting a significant defeat for Mr. Sunak’s party, even speculating that it could be on the scale of that suffered by Canada’s Progressive Conservatives in 1993.

In an interview with The Sunday Times of London over the weekend, Mr. Farage said that he had named his party Reform U.K. after the insurgent Canadian party of the same name.

“It took them time, it took them two elections, they became the biggest party on the center right. They then absorbed what was left of the Conservative Party into them and rebranded,” he said.

Asked if he was suggesting a merger between Reform U.K. and the Conservatives, Mr. Farage replied, “More like a takeover, dear boy.”

Mr. Farage has admirers on the right of the Conservative Party, including Jacob Rees-Mogg, a former cabinet minister who has even called for Mr. Farage to be invited to run as a lawmaker for the Conservatives.

Since 2016, Mr. Farage has been vocal in his support for Mr. Trump, and last week he described the convictions against him on 34 felony charges as a “disgrace.”

In the 2019 general election, the Brexit Party did not run candidates in many parliamentary constituencies. That was to help Boris Johnson, a former Conservative Party leader, whose election promise was that he would “get Brexit done,” and who won a big election victory.

But Richard Tice, Reform U.K.’s leader until Mr. Farage replaced him on Monday, has said there will be no repeat of that deal and has promised to fight the Tories across England, Scotland and Wales.

Stephen Castle is a London correspondent of The Times, writing widely about Britain, its politics and the country’s relationship with Europe. More about Stephen Castle