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Enseignant chercheur

M. Philippe Dufour

Coordonnées.

3 Rue des Tanneurs 37041 TOURS CEDEX 1

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philippe dufour tours

Philippe Dufour

Philippe Dufour est un ancien élève de l'École Normale Supérieure, aujourd'hui spécialiste du XIX e siècle et professeur à l'Université de Tours. Il a enseigné à l'université anglaise de Johannesburg en Afrique du sud, à l'université de la Paraiba au Brésil, à l'université de Columbia aux États-Unis, à l'École Normale Supérieure de Meknès au Maroc.

Extraits de presse

Le réalisme pense la démocratie dans revue romantisme, n°198.

«Avec Le Réalisme pense la démocratie, Philippe Dufour continue de tracer, avec patience et régularité, un sillon critique toujours aussi cohérent (...) Chapitre après chapitre, l’amplitude du travail de Philippe Dufour force l’admiration. Un vaste dialogue s’y établit entre les principales voix du XIX e siècle, un dialogue auquel seule manque à l’appel la critique contemporaine. Tenir en quelque 300 pages tout un siècle, un phénomène aussi massif que la démocratie et cinq œuvres complètes implique nécessairement des coupes, des raccourcis et des omissions. Mais ces limites font le charme même de la lecture de cet essai: en s’y frottant, le lecteur serre de très près les représentations de la démocratie en régime réaliste, et la question démocratique en général, sur laquelle Ph. Dufour ne manque pas de réagir, à la fin de chaque chapitre. Penser les problèmes de la démocratie libérale, en littérature et hors littérature, ce double bénéfice du Réalisme pense la démocratie en fait un précieux complément aux travaux de Pierre Rosanvallon ( La Société des Égaux , Paris, Seuil, 2011), comme à la récente traduction en français du Roman de formation de Franco Moretti (CNRS, 2019).» – Grégoire Tavernier

Long compte rendu de Guy Larroux dans Littératures

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Le réalisme pense la démocratie

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Philippe Dufour

Table of contents, grace in simplicity, by claude sfeir.

philippe dufour tours

Philippe Dufour is living master of Haute Horlogerie who brings grace to a craft that in his hands, becomes art.

I have had the privilege of knowing Philippe for years. We first met in the auction world, and became closer when we both served as jurors on the Grand Prix d’Horlogerie de Genève, after he had accepted the Special Jury Prize in 2013. There was unanimous consensus for his nomination for the prize, and since then, he has become a valuable member of the jury. No other member can sway opinions as he does during deliberations. When Philippe Dufour speaks his mind, as he often does, people listen.

Philippe is a master craftsman that I have the pleasure of calling a friend. I am moved when he refers to me as his “brother,” a testimony to the authenticity of our relationship. I have had the pleasure of sharing many rare moments with him in his workshop in le Solliat, a village in the Vallée de Joux. There, in the cradle of watch complications, he has created some of the most spectacular and desirable watches in the history of horology, for which clients happily wait for years. All the things he is passionate about are right there, his drawings, a good half-century of archives, his customized tools, his priceless prototypes, his work in progress, and his collection of pipes. All the accoutrements of a great artist transferred to watchmaking. What I did not expect to find there were new generation electric mountain bikes, one of which I mounted for a ride in the pathways of the Vallée.

Philippe usually works alone. The atelier is a former schoolhouse, large enough for a team he wishes he had assembled around him. Now, his youngest daughter has joined him and is intent on carrying his torch. In his workshop, the bar is set sky high: there is no room for error. “No compromise, no limit,” he says.

In the woods near the workshop, Philippe collects gentian, a plant that flowers against all odds in the Swiss Jura mountains. Distilled into a potent eau-de-vie, it is strong enough to rouse the spirit of watchmakers past. Philippe carves its stalk into a chamfering tool for the meticulous anglage of his components. An ancient tool for the modern age. His reward after a long bike ride is a moment to enjoy his pipe. If not in his hand, the pipe has a special hanging place in a potted tomato plant growing by the door.

Like some of the tortuous bike routes he braves, Philippe has taken a radical path in watchmaking, one that has led him from grand complications to his very own ideal of simplicity. He started out, like many other greats in the field, as a restorer of antique pocket watches. Like an aspiring artist who examines a Rubens to understand how a master captures movement, he scrutinized ancient mechanisms to decipher how old masters of horology made intricate complications with the most basic tools. From there, he moved on to “grandes complications” commissioned by the likes Audemars Piguet. Soon after he had founded his own brand, he measured himself against the great challenge of a grande sonnerie with minute repeater fitted into a wristwatch, an unprecedented feat in 1992. The Duality was born in 1996, once he had mastered the workings of two independent balance wheels to make the world's first wristwatch with a double escapement.

As time passed, Philippe was stirred by purity. Simplicity is a masterpiece he first designed to please only himself. With references to the elegant styles of the 1950s and ‘60s, it was a success the second it was launched at Baselworld in 2000. In two decades, Philippe has made just around 200 either in gold or platinum. And last year he surprised my son Simon with a one of kind gift he made specially for him – a steel Simplicity – with eastern Arabic markers and a golden “vintage” dial.

The art of Philippe Dufour resides in watches that are impeccable in quality and beautifully hand-finished, inside and out, on all visible and hidden parts. Nothing less than the highest standards of craftsmanship will do, because a Philippe Dufour watch is made to stand the test of time, not just in performance and aesthetics, but so that it can be repaired a century from now. As Philippe says “We are here today, we have to be here tomorrow!”

philippe dufour tours

Welcome to my workshop

© Philippedufour.ch

Mécanisme minute.

philippe dufour tours

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Vacheron Constantin The Berkley Grand Complication

A conversation with Philippe Dufour: one of the most important watchmakers in the Vallée de Joux

Born in the cradle of watchmaking complications where nature's peacefulness allows for the level of focus needed to produce accurate timepieces, this authentic and kind watchmaker welcomed us at his workshop. It was a unique moment.

Benjamin Teisseire

Translated from the original French text

How does Philippe Dufour see today’s watchmaking and how it has evolved? 

It has been evolving constantly for the last 15 years both in terms of volume and price, even if the product remains the same. I feel that many brands seem to be struggling to justify the price of their watches. The quality of timepieces unfortunately does not always reflect their intrinsic value. When customers buy a watch, they also buy the brand and everything it represents. Switzerland has gone too far and is now paying the price. Distribution channels are bursting and parallel markets are skyrocketing. The market needs to be stabilized. It's just like a person who's had a breakdown – if a miracle cure is found halfway through their recovery, they will get better but they will never make a full recovery. The same goes for watchmaking:  it has to hit rock bottom to call everything into question. Only then will it be able to get back on track.   

Too many “parasitic” processes and activities developed during the good years and brands went overboard with marketing and communication. This is why the price of watches has increased exponentially. In fact, the product only makes up for a small percentage of the price. The rest is what the cumbersome infrastructure has been attached to it. This has to be remedied. Perhaps a decrease in production volume would help. After all, less is more.

philippe dufour tours

Does Swiss watchmaking still have some cards up its sleeves?

Of course, but they have to be used smartly. Watches must be designed with people in mind. Current marketing strategies rely on “starlets” and images too often. Customers are increasingly seeking traceability and authenticity. They want to know who makes their watches, where they are produced and how they were made. Brands make it just too hazy. They are playing with fire. Everyone is delighted with the new Swiss Made rule that comes into effect in 2017. But what does it really entail? It means a watch can be labelled Swiss Made if 62% of its components are made in Switzerland, which means that the movement, case and strap can be made in China and the dial and hands in Switzerland. They run a huge risk if end clients start to take a real interest in the problem.

And this does not happen just in the luxury market but everywhere. Take food – people will always pay more if they know the place of origin of their purchase and if good quality is assured. That's true Luxury! The Swiss Made label is an empty shell. It should only be granted if at least 80% of watches' elements were made in Switzerland, whatever the value. That's it. Everything else is trickery. I doubt I will be using the label for my watches, I'll just find another one.

philippe dufour tours

What's your take on smartwatches and the evolution of fine watchmaking towards hybrid watches?

Smartwatches have a purpose since they are part of technological evolution. They can rightfully occupy the wrists of young people. When young people evolve socially and professionally, their experience with smartwatches will perhaps nudge them towards real timepieces. It is clear that they will occupy some of the entry-level market but I don't think they will reach the high-end market. However, I am not a fan of mixing technologies. I cannot fathom the idea of a hybrid watch with hand-made finishes. Mechanical watches have always been and will always be unique. They represent skills dating back five centuries and embody durability, timelessness and legacy. These do not match the practical, temporary and 'disposable' aspect of connected watches.

philippe dufour tours

Fine watchmaking is a trendy subject of conversation nowadays. The FHH has even published a definition of the concept. What do you make of it?

I must admit I am a bit lost. I haven't been able to make heads or tails of the situation. Labels are now being used everywhere and, somewhere along the way, its actual meaning has been lost, just like the concept of organic food. The “Poinçon de Genève”, the Patek and Fleurier hallmarks, the superlative chronometer, the METAS chronometer – it's too much and it confuses customers. Fine watchmaking does not necessarily mean expensive watches. The definition of the concept has been debased. I think that it is first and foremost an emotion-inducing object. Hand-made finishes always make watches different and unique. That is the real meaning of fine watchmaking – it represents the art and the emotions that it evokes. This is what I truly do. I enjoy creating my watches and when I see them stir sincere emotions and happiness in others, I tell myself that I am doing the right thing.

philippe dufour tours

What are your new projects? 

There aren’t many, actually. I am still working on some watches of the Simplicity range and I have just added the last touches to my sixth Grande Sonnerie minute repeater that took 2,000 hours to complete by hand. Assembling a watch by hand is a time-consuming task. Nothing is done in factories here.

For example, we hand-polish the sinks of screw threads with an ebony point and a bow, as was done in the 19th century. But the finish has nothing to do with them. The screws or rubies are actually highlighted thanks to the perfect reflection obtained by the mirror polish. The same goes for the chamfering of plates and bridges. It is quite simple in fact. In 12 years, I have produced 204 Simplicity watches, and every week I still receive requests to make unique and customized versions in different colors or with different decorations. Maybe I will just produce another range. Or maybe I will rekindle my original passion: pocket watches.

philippe dufour tours

What about Time Aeon, the “Naissance d'une montre” (creation of a watch) project  (editor's note: project initiated by Robert Greubel, Stephen Forsey, Philippe Dufour, Vianney Halter and Kari Voutilainen)?

The aim of the project is to preserve watchmaking’s age-old skills. In the beginning, in 2009, other brands tagged us as eccentric since we worked with micro chisels, bows and other tools that were used in the olden days. Today, we no longer pay attention to these remarks as our first school-watch was auctioned for USD 1.4 million at Christie's in Hong Kong. Industrialization and automation will likely make these crafts disappear. It is therefore essential to preserve watchmaking art. Most leading brands do not seem to understand that we all complement each other.

philippe dufour tours

Fortunately, things have changed. It is a good thing that the SIHH has opened to independent brands. And it's clear that the Carré des Horlogers is the most active space of the event. Being creative while fully respecting old traditions is one of the greatest strengths of watchmaking.

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How Claude Sfeir Ended Up On a Bicycle With Philippe Dufour

How Claude Sfeir Ended Up On a Bicycle With Philippe Dufour

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Philippe Dufour: The Custodian of the Spirit of the Vallée de Joux

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Prix Gaïa 1998 – Philippe Dufour. Craftsmanship-Creation category

Meet master watchmaker Philippe Dufour – and four of his finest creations heading to auction

Independent watchmaker philippe dufour might not have the global prestige of the most famous brands on the planet but, trust us, you’re going to want to know all about the upcoming phillips auction presenting four of his masterpieces, by ben winstanley, published: friday 10th september 2021.

If you type “unicorn wine” into your friendly neighbourhood search engine, you might be surprised to learn that the top results are not bottles decorated by a mythical horned creature but in fact wines of such incredible scarcity and renown that they are elevated to mythical status. Of course, wine being a slowly expiring asset, as each bottle is uncorked the rarity and price increases – as indeed does the myth surrounding the wine.

Why am I talking about wine and unicorns? Well, as news broke that four Philippe Dufour masterpieces would be coming up for auction in November, it struck me that perhaps this moment was worthy of its own place in mythology.

Presented by Phillips in association with Bacs & Russo at Geneva Watch Auction XIV, this marks the first time in auction history that all four Dufour watch models will be offered by one auction house during a single season, let alone a single sale.

If you’re not an avid follower of haute horlogerie or independent watchmakers, you’re forgiven if this news alone doesn’t make you weak at the knees. But, seriously, this is a big deal. This isn’t yet another uniquely marked Rolex or a vintage Patek Philippe ready to bait the mega collectors into parting with millions (not that these watches aren’t exhilarating in their own way), these four watches come from the hands of perhaps the greatest living watchmaker – the “horological equivalent of Michelangelo,” as Phillips explain.

This marks the first time in auction history that all four Dufour watch models will be offered by one auction house at the same sale

In fact, here’s the full statement from Aurel Bacs, senior consultant at Bacs & Russo, and Alexandre Ghotbi, Phillips’ head of watches for Continental Europe and Middle East. As you’ll quickly realise, they’re… rather excited about the upcoming auction: “To us and a huge community around the world, Philippe Dufour is the horological equivalent of Michelangelo, the importance of his work cannot be overstated.

“This “set” of four Philippe Dufour timepieces has been an epiphanous moment for us. Offering his four creations - the Grande & Petite Sonnerie pocket watch, Grande & Petite Sonnerie wristwatch, Duality and Simplicity - is truly humbling and mind boggling.

“Dufour is a living icon and his creations are as coveted as oeuvres by the greatest artists of our time. How awe-striking that we are offering the very first Grande & Petite Sonnerie wristwatch ever made! We are honored to have been entrusted with this collection from an owner who had the vision and passion to patiently assemble a collection like no other. Dufour’s lifetime output is smaller than paintings by masters such as Modigliani and Mannet and for any Dufour connoisseur, this collection represents the Grand Slam of Dufour collecting.”

Good marketing or two watch nerds geeking out hard on the grand fromage of the horological world? I’m inclined to believe it’s the latter, not least because it was recently announced Dufour would be taking an indefinite break from personally creating his watches, instead leaving it to his undoubtedly highly capable team to carry on his life’s work.

The Watchmaker

In a way, Dufour the man rather purports his own myth: a 73-year-old pipe-smoking figure working in a small workshop in the Swiss mountains, and lovingly crafting his creations by hand. Basically, Santa Claus without the elves.

But Dufour is more than that. He is the keeper of the keys to the lost art of traditional watchmaking . Heavily inspired by the golden age of watchmaking in the Vallée de Joux, from 1850 to 1920, Dufour’s creations challenge us to remember our history in an era where the watch world continues to drive forward in search of innovation and change.

The son and grandson of watchmakers, young Philippe Dufour worked for manufacturers like Jaeger-LeCoultre and Audemars Piguet, as well as restoring antique and vintage timepieces for auction houses, before he became an independent watchmaker in the late 1970s.

Dufour is the keeper of the keys to the lost art of traditional watchmaking

By then the Quartz crisis and sports watch trends had exponentially changed the face of the horological world. While Dufour didn’t set out to buck the trend per se, his work restoring watches of antiquity led him to believe there was a place in the market for watches that breathed fresh life into traditional watch practices. It was a hunch that would ultimately prove correct.

In its superb profile on Philippe Dufour, and highly recommended further reading on the subject, A Collected Man neatly sums up the allure behind the master watchmaker’s work: “Upon first handling one of his watches, a collector might be forgiven for being a little confused as to the aura that surrounds them. They are, in almost every respect, understated and short of eye-catching details. However, that is their very point. The few watches created by Dufour do not seek to distinguish themselves through innovation, but rather by providing an exceptionally classic aesthetic, combined with what can only be described as the finest movement finishing found in any contemporary watch.”

In the span of more than 30 years since he created his eponymous brand, Dufour has created just four models under his name. You want to know why the Phillips auction is special? This might be the one and only time each of them will go under the hammer at once.

The Watches

Grande & petite sonnerie pocket watch number 1 (unique piece), estimate chf 400,000-800,000/ us$436,000-872,152.

Philippe Dufour Grande & Petite Sonnerie Pocket Watch number 1 (Unique Piece)

Dufour’s journey to watchmaking folklore was not without its hurdles. The first and most difficult, one could argue, was making a name for himself in the first place. To spread the word, in the early 1980s he reached out to one-time employer Audemars Piguet about a commission for a Grande Sonnerie pocket watch he had been working on. The brand agreed to order five movements.

A Grande Sonnerie is a timepiece that automatically chimes the hours on every hour and hours and quarters on every quarter, and when on petite sonnerie mode the watch will only chime the passing of the quarters. So difficult is the complication to create by hand, it took Dufour 2,000 hours to complete each movement; an arduous task for his first official commission.

On completion of the commission, Dufour was irked by the fact that the brand never acknowledged his work, which was made only worse when he was soon after asked to make significant repairs to two of the five pocket watches.

The story goes that someone transporting the watches made the baffling decision to remove one of the timepieces from the safety of its travel case and placed the watch in his jacket pocket. When he got out of the car, the gentleman managed to get his jacket stuck in the door and smashed the watch to pieces in the process.

Dufour was incensed and vowed never again to work for anyone other than himself. The result was his own Grand & Petite Sonnerie pocket watch in the late 1980s. The present example is number 1 and the only Dufour Grande & Petite pocket watch made that bears his name on the dial.

Grande & Petite Sonnerie Wristwatch number 1 in yellow gold

Estimate chf 1million-2 million / us$1,090,000-2,180,000.

Philippe Dufour Grande & Petite Sonnerie Wristwatch number 1 in yellow gold

Without the clout of a major brand, Dufour needed to find a new way to grow his reputation among the watchmaking elite. He realised that the Grand Sonnerie minute-repeater had never been miniaturised for the wrist, so from 1989 to 1992 he set out on the difficult task of transforming his sonnerie movement into one that would work as a wristwatch.

The result was the present Grande & Petite Sonnerie wristwatch number 1 – a genuine gamechanger, and the beginning of Dufour’s cult status. This version was produced in only five examples with white enamel dials, respectively 2 cased in white gold, one in yellow and one pink gold, as well as one in platinum.

Duality pink gold number 8

Estimate chf 800,000-1.6 million us$872,152-1,744,520.

Philippe Dufour Duality pink gold number 8

Philippe Dufour learned his craft at the Ecole d’Horologerie in Le Sentier in the early 1960s. It was here where he was first exposed to the traditional watchmaking practices that would become the hallmark of his own timepieces. Like any young watchmaker beginning their journey in horology, Dufour had to create a school watch – a fully functioning timepiece he alone created, start to finish.

Inspired by his school days, Dufour created the Duality from a few school watch designs from the same Vallée de Joux school he attended. These pocket watches had a single gear train delivering power to two balance wheels through a differential. Once again, like with his sonnerie wristwatch, Dufour set out on the task of shrinking this complex mechanism to wristwatch size – a world first.

In 1996, Dufour introduced his iconic Duality. Featuring two independent balance wheels compensated with a central differential gear, the mechanism improves accuracy while also countering the effects of gravity.

The watchmaker had initially planned to produce 25 examples, however, only nine were made – including an example with movement number ‘00’ (sold at Phillips New York in 2017 for close to $1 million), making the present example bearing number 8 the last one made. It is one of three pink gold examples ever produced.

Simplicity (37mm) platinum number 57

Estimate chf 250,000-500,000 / us$272,581 – 545,176.

Philippe Dufour Simplicity (37mm) platinum number 57 – up for auction at Phillips Auction House

After having proven his undeniable talent and expertise in creating ultra-complicated mechanisms, Dufour set out in 2000 on the challenging task to create a simple three hand watch with a movement architecture designed to demonstrate hand finish and decoration that modern horology had not yet witnessed. The gentle flow of the bridges’ curves, the bold and alluring inward and outward angles, the hand-applied Geneva waves and red rubies all provide a seductive visual harmony.

The fact that the decoration and assembly are done by hand explains the fact that less than a dozen Simplicities left Dufour’s workshops in the Vallée de Joux per year. The present watch bearing movement number 57 is one of the earlier models that the master produced.

The full set of four Philippe Dufour watches will be offered in The  Geneva Watch Auction: XIV in November 2021.

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A Watch Master and a Watch Mastermind Thrive Together

In just three months as partners, Philippe Dufour and the retailer and collector Claude Sfeir have announced a new series. Thousands are vying to buy.

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By Nazanin Lankarani

In November, when the master Philippe Dufour announced a collaboration with the well-known retailer and collector Claude Sfeir , many in the watch world wondered what it actually meant. Would more Dufour watches suddenly become available? Would they be more expensive? Or less?

And photos of the two men on mountain bikes in the hilly pathways of Le Solliat, the village 40 miles north of Geneva where Mr. Dufour has his workshop, only heightened the curiosity.

Events of the last few weeks have begun to provide answers: The two men created a new limited-edition series of the Dufour Simplicity, achieved a benchmark auction price of more than $1.4 million for a prototype and have thousands of hopeful buyers scrambling to enter a lottery for chances to spend unspecified sums for 10 of those watches.

“I am delighted with this new organization which will allow me to work serenely and develop beautiful projects for the future,” Mr. Dufour wrote in the November announcement, saying he was entrusting the business’s commercial side to his “longtime and trusted friend,” Mr. Sfeir. The men, who first met at auctions in the 1980s, became friends in 2014 when they both joined the jury of the Grand Prix d’Horlogerie de Genève.

At 72, Mr. Dufour, whom some have called the “pope of watchmaking,” is an honored figure among his peers and the fans of independent watchmaking for his meticulous craft and mastery of traditional know-how. He has produced only about 230 watches since he started his business in 1992, and his waiting lists are lengthy.

As a result, his watches have been traded on the secondary market for multiples of their original prices — with Mr. Dufour seeing little of that money. It’s a situation that the new collaboration already has started to change.

A jeweler and gemologist by trade, Mr. Sfeir, 59, is himself considered a larger-than-life figure in the watch world. Known for his storied collection of Rolex, Patek Philippe and F.P. Journe timepieces, he also operates a boutique in Beirut, Lebanon, in partnership with the independent watchmaker François-Paul Journe.

Mr. Sfeir said he joined Mr. Dufour to help him capitalize on his decades of exceptional work. And while collaborations in the watch world have become common in recent years, this kind of meeting of creative and business minds is unusual.

“Philippe’s watches trade at top prices without him benefiting,” Mr. Sfeir said during a telephone interview from Beirut in late January. “He has not been getting the credit he deserves, so we decided to look ahead together not as business partners but as family.”

(A representative of Mr. Dufour said in mid-January that the watchmaker declined to be interviewed for this article, citing his heavy workload.)

Their first project is a limited-edition Simplicity 20th Anniversary series, each watch in a 37-millimeter case with a hinged caseback. The first seven will be in matte platinum with a blue dial; the next seven in white gold with a silver dial; and the last seven in rose gold with a brown dial. (The final watch is to be reserved for Mr. Dufour himself.)

Simplicity is a classic model that only tells time — it has none of the elaborate complications highlighted in many Swiss timepieces. Mr. Dufour has made no more than 215 of them, originally priced at 34,000 Swiss francs ($37,880 today), according to Mr. Sfeir.

The plan now — and the not-insignificant challenge for Mr. Dufour, whose only help is occasional assistance from his youngest daughter Daniela, a 19-year-old watchmaking student at the nearby École Technique de la Vallée de Joux — is to deliver 20 handmade watches in the next 24 months.

To measure, or perhaps, whet public appetite, Mr. Sfeir consigned a prototype numbered “00” to a Phillips auction in November in Geneva. The rose gold version had been estimated to sell for 200,000 to 400,000 francs — but in minutes soared to almost 1.37 million francs, the highest-ever price for a Simplicity.

“Everything about that watch was special: its 00/20 number, its dial, its caseback,” Mr. Sfeir said. “That is why it beat every lot, even the grand complications.” (An unusual Patek Philippe minute repeater sold for almost 1.2 million francs and a complicated F.P. Journe model went for 680,400 francs.)

“We did expect a high price for the Dufour,” said Alex Ghotbi, who is the head of watches in Continental Europe and Middle East at Phillips. “Collectors who own all the good vintage pieces are turning to modern independents like Dufour because their watches are rare, high quality and truly artisanal.”

The auction set a new public price benchmark for the Simplicity. Until the Phillips sale, the model’s price at auction had hovered at slightly less than $400,000 , with the exception of a platinum piece that sold for 5.13 million Hong Kong dollars ($661,740) in October at Sotheby’s Hong Kong.

Dealers say they believe that prices for the Simplicity on the secondary market now will trend upward.

“In a market where there are few benchmarks, a public price tends to cement the value of a watch,” said Silas Walton, a watch collector and founder of A Collected Man, an online retailer of collectible watches based in London. “Once that happens, you will never be able to say the price is actually closer to $400,000, especially when there is a natural scarcity of supply with one man making the watches in his workshop.”

“His collectors and dealers have done well over the years, but Philippe himself has not benefited significantly from the organic appreciation of his own watches, materially speaking,” Mr. Walton said. “The association with Mr. Sfeir should restore some fairness in Dufour’s returns.”

In late November, Mr. Dufour announced in a news release that buyers had been selected for the first 10 anniversary watches. “We sold them at ‘reasonable prices,’” Mr. Sfeir said. “They were allocated to carefully chosen, true collectors who will not resell.”

The remaining 10, to be assigned via lottery, have become the focus of a fan frenzy. “I was getting 5,000 emails a day from buyers for the 10 watches,” Mr. Sfeir said. “The lottery will be transparent and supervised by a bailiff, in the interest of fairness and equal access.”

By late January, Mr. Sfeir said, 155,000 names had been registered, even though neither the date of the drawing nor the prices had been announced. (Interested buyers can register at [email protected].)

“One thing is certain, those who get one will hold on to it,” Mr. Ghotbi said. “If you sell your Simplicity, it’s unlikely you will get to buy another one.”

The next step for the Sfeir-Dufour partnership? Well, it won’t revolve around income.

A Simplicity is being specially designed for the Only Watch charity auction , scheduled in November, one of the watch world’s most prominent events. Held every two years, it funds research to fight Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a variation of the degenerative disease.

The donation will be Mr. Dufour’s first to the auction and, Mr. Sfeir said, “that Simplicity will be one of a kind.”

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One of the nice things about hanging around the watch beat long enough is that sooner or later the sheer force of the time you've spent in the field makes people feel all right about inviting you to participate in things. In my case, this year I was invited to be a juror at the Grand Prix d'Horlogerie de Genève , which is a series of awards given to participating watches once per year, in Geneva (in other words, just what it says on the tin). 

The jury deliberations were interesting for a number of reasons – for one thing, it was a full day of sometimes very spirited and even occasionally heated discussion of the merits of a huge range of watches, with some of the best and brightest in contemporary watchmaking. One juror this year is Philippe Dufour, and I took the opportunity during a coffee break to overcome being somewhat overawed at being a fellow juror with one of the living legends of Swiss watchmaking, and corner him and ask him something I've been wanting to ask for years: What's the rationale for the Duality?

dufour duality

The Duality is, for many of us, a rather enigmatic watch. Dufour made very few of them; they were produced by him for a short period of time in the late 1990s; 25 had originally been planned, but only nine were eventually made. They caused a big stir in the years immediately following their release, but due to their rarity, and thanks to the fact that their owners have been reluctant to part with them, they've been pretty under the radar for at least the last decade, and not much has been written about them. However, at the latest Phillips auction, Duality No. 00 came up for sale and eventually sold for the quite impressive sum of $915,000, more than doubling its estimate.

The Duality is based, conceptually and mechanically, on some school watches made in the Vallée de Joux watchmaking school in the 1930s. These were double-balance pocket watches, with a single gear train and two balances. The power was delivered to each balance by a differential. For the Duality, Dufour had to shrink down the differential mechanism to something about the size of a match head. This would be quite an achievement today, but in the 1990s it was completely unprecedented.

dufour duality differential

Differential for the Duality; images courtesy Philippe Dufour

In our brief conversation Dufour mentioned that the differential posed a bit of a headache; he said it was "very difficult" to visualize how it would work. In particular, he knew that if he stopped one balance, the other should continue to run but he wasn't sure that would actually be the case until he had completed one of the movements. (Even now, years later, when he talks about it you can sense the pleasure and relief he must have felt at seeing it work properly). Another interesting piece of information, which I hadn't previously been aware of, is that if you do stop one balance completely, the other will continue to run but the seconds hand will take two minutes, not one minute, to go once around the dial. This makes sense in retrospect, when you remember that the whole rationale behind the Duality is to take the average of the rate of two balances, but it certainly would never have occurred to me that this was the case if Dufour hadn't told me.

dufour duality differential, 1997 drawing

Drawing by Philippe Dufour of the Duality differential, showing the two escape wheels; the last train wheel driving the differential is shown in section at the top. Note that each of the driving wheels of the differential drive only one escape wheel, and that the differential drives the seconds hand (bottom).

Dufour says that the basic idea behind the Duality is, as most of us generally know, to take the average of the rate of the two balances. For this technical solution to give a better rate, he adjusted one balance to run slightly fast and the other to run slightly slow. In such a situation, across positions, rate variations would tend to cancel each other and you should get less positional variation (which results from residual errors in the poise of the balances). One point that came up in the comments when HODINKEE's Stephen Pulvirent covered the Duality prior to the auction , was whether or not the opposed pinning points of the balance springs should also tend to cancel positional errors in the vertical positions and Dufour says that this is indeed the case, although of course the main theme is the averaging of all rates across all positions. 

Duality Dufour front and back

While none of these points were complete revelations, being able to ask Dufour directly about his views on his own creation cleared up some basic gaps in my own understanding of the watch (in a million years I'd never have thought to wonder what happens if you stop one balance completely but it turns out, the result is a fundamental expression of how the differential works) and his clarification of the adjustment process for the two balances was most valuable. The Duality is now a near-million dollar rarity, but it says something about Dufour's ingenuity, and his candor about his own working processes, that it's still a subject for thought-provoking discussion twenty years after its birth.

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Philippe Dufour, Simplicity and F. P. Journe, Tourbillon Souverain

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Step into the world of independent excellence with the Simplicity and Tourbillon Souverain. Crafted in platinum, Philippe Dufour’s Simplicity gained legendary status in the world of horology for its unprecedented finishing of the movement and the case. F. P. Journe’s Tourbillon Souverain on the other hand combines watchmaking artistry with mechanical excellence and has been the definitive collector’s piece of today. Discover these spectacular timepieces on 7 October 2023.

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The Hour Glass

Philippe Dufour

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TECHNICAL SPECS

Gemini • 1948.

"I have no secrets as past watchmakers had. There are graveyards full of secrets and that’s enough."

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As traditional mechanical watchmaking in Switzerland was seemingly coming to an ignominious end in the 1970s during the Quartz Crisis, a handful of individuals were doing their bit to keep things going. Whilst brands such as Patek Philippe and Rolex had visionary leaders at the helm and, who held firm to the ideals of mechanical watchmaking, there were also several stubborn artisans with an independent streak as well as mechanical talent. All began their careers modestly, but a handful grew in stature, becoming pioneers in what is today referred to as independent watchmaking.

Given his longevity and sustained success, one of the best known today is Philippe Dufour. Born in 1948 in Le Sentier, a village in the heart of the Swiss jura mountain range and considered as the cradle of high watchmaking, Dufour graduated from his 4 year course in watchmaking to join Jaeger-LeCoultre in 1967 – a most inopportune time given that both the brand and the broader industry were on the cusp of being expunged by the electronic wristwatch. The convulsions experienced by the declining watch industry meant he went from one employer to another in the following years, sending him as faraway as Saint Croix, a small island in the Caribbean.

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Property of a private collector

Grande Sonnerie

Unveiled in 1992, this was first grande sonnerie miniaturised into wristwatch form. Considered one of the most difficult complications in watchmaking, the  grande et petite sonnerie  chimes the time in passing, sounding both the quarters and hours as they go by. A natural progression from the pocket watches Dufour created for Audemars Piguet in the 1980s, the inaugural series of four watches featured white enamel dials, while the later edition launched in 1999, once again of four watches, two of which were distinguished by its unusual, clear sapphire dial that revealing the striking mechanism. This unique example is in white gold. In recent years, Dufour was known to be working on the last example, which is a pocket watch.

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By 1978, Dufour had his own workshop where he made a living restoring antique pocket watches – such timepieces being the flavour du jour of the collecting world where antiquarian horology was the preeminent collecting category. But propelled by a sense of history, he quixotically sought to recreate the grandest timepieces of Switzerland’s glory days as a watchmaking nation despite the tepid demand for such complicated watches at the time.

Soon he had built the first watch movement of his own, an endeavour that took some 2,000 hours. A  grande et petite sonnerie  for a pocket watch, Dufour’s creation was as fine and sophisticated as the watches that inspired him, the best striking watches of the early 20th century made by the likes of Louis Elisée Piguet, a movement specialist that supplied names like Patek Philippe and Vacheron Constantin.

But Dufour had to find a buyer for his creation, and at the time, the only takers were the watch brands in the region around his hometown, few of which were in a position to sell such an expensive watch. Audemars Piguet emerged to order five  grande sonnerie  movements, with the first delivered in 1982, and the last six years later.

Dufour has long stated publicly the anonymity of this body of work – his name was to be found nowhere on the Audemars Piguet watches – gnawed at him. And what has now become industry lore has it that not one, but two of the  grande sonnerie  watches were carelessly damaged after it had been handed over to Audemars Piguet, contributing to Dufour’s decision to go it alone. And so he started work on something that would have his name on the dial, which became the first-ever  grande sonnerie  wristwatch. He had a dream to realise this ambition after mortgaging his house. In 1991, a Singaporean friend of Dufour's - David Lee, convinced him to fly to Singapore where he was introduced to the Sales Director of The Hour Glass - Robert Seah. It was there he secured his first order for the first Grand Sonnerie wristwatch. This watch made its debut at the 1992 Basel Fair. Upon this launch, Dufour was able to secure an additional order for three more of these Grand Sonneries. These first four Dufour Grand Sonneries all had a high-fired white enamel dial and were cased in yellow gold, rose gold, white gold and platinum. And all four watches were placed to a family hailing from an oil rich South-East Asian sultanate.

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Albert Piguet

Albert piguet dual escapement.

The movement has a single gear train driving double balance wheels linked by a differential, constructed to keep time according to the principles of resonance. This is one of the very movements that inspired Philippe Dufour to create the Duality.

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Duality Prototype #00

The Duality was inspired by several pocket watches produced in the 1930s by students at the watchmaking school of Le Sentier, Dufour’s hometown. Though individually different, all relied on the same dual-balance wheel construction, including a 1933 specimen that was built by Albert G. Piguet (1914-2000) and who later rose to be the head technical director at Lemania.

philippe dufour tours

Perhaps Philippe Dufour’s most unusual creation, the Duality features twin oscillators linked by a differential that averages out the rate of the two, reducing variations in timekeeping. Unveiled in 1996, the Duality was envisioned as a series of 25, but only nine examples were made. This example is an unique execution of this series of Duality wristwatches.

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Philippe Dufour’s best known timepiece, the Simplicity very much lives up to its name. Its aesthetics, inside and out, are modelled on 1940s gentlemen’s wristwatches produced in the Vallée de Joux, which were characterised by classical styling and robust, workmanlike quality. But Dufour has elevated the movement decoration of the Simplicity to another level.

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Entirely finished by hand, from bridges to screws, the movement of the Simplicity is regarded as the best-finished wristwatch in contemporary watchmaking.

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The original series was produced over a span of 15 or so years starting in 2000, with 200 watches made in both 34 mm and 37 mm case sizes. Several more examples were subsequently produced.

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Simplicity 20th Anniversary Prototype #00

In celebration of the 20th anniversary of the Simplicity, Dufour announced the launch of the anniversary model in a limited edition of 20 watches. Executed in platinum, white gold and pink gold, all examples will feature a hinged, hunter case back along with redesigned dials.   

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Philippe Dufour

Based in his atelier in la Vallée de Joux, Switzerland,  Monsieur Dufour is a master of grand complications, basing his designs on the traditional movement architecture and artistic expressions of the Vallée de Joux from 1850 to 1920. With a long-stretching career and recent record-breaking auction result, Philippe Dufour is the undisputed king of finishing. Learn more about the  Grande et Petite Sonnerie , the most expensive wristwatch ever sold publicly by an independent watchmaker  here . A Collected Man is the approved re-seller of pre-owned Dufour Watches . 

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THE 10 BEST Dzerzhinsky Sights & Historical Landmarks

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1. Nikolo-Ugreshskiy Monastery

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2. Church of the Savior Transfiguration of Ugresh Monastery of St. Nicholas

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3. Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin in the Ugresh Monastery of St. Nicholas

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4. Temple of the Beheading of St. John the Baptist of Ugresh Monastery of St. Nicholas

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5. Chapel of Phenomena Image of St. Nicholas in Nikolo-Ugreshskiy Monastery

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6. Temple of the Mother of God of All Who Sorrow Ugresh Nicholas Monastery

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7. Monument to Dmitriy Donskoi

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8. Cathedral of St. Nicholas

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9. Peter and Paul Church in Ugresh Monastery of St. Nicholas

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10. Monument to Creators of Missile Shield of Russia

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11. Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God

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12. Sculpture Crying Boy

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13. Chapel of the Passion of Nikolo-Ugreshskiy Monastery

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14. Monument to Dzerzhinskiy

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15. Dmitriy Donskoi's Temple

16. temple of holy spirit.

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17. Temple of Makariy Nevskiy

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18. Palestinian wall of the Nikolo-Ugreshsky monastery

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19. Chapel of Our Lady of the Perishing

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20. Pamyatniki A. S. Pushkinu

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23. Monument-bust to academician B.P. Zhukov

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24. Monument to St. Nicholas

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25. Tserkov' Pitmana Ugreshskoy

26. pamyatnik prepodobnomu antoniyu kiyevo-pecherskomu.

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The architect will help you throughout the entire process, from initial concept development to managing the construction phase and ensuring everything is built according to plan. They will also collaborate with other professionals, such as builders and contractors in Kratovo, to bring your dream home to life.

By working with a residential architect, you can benefit from their knowledge and experience in creating unique and personalized spaces that reflect your style and lifestyle. They will guide you through the design and construction process, making sure that your home is not only visually appealing but also practical and safe.

Consulting with an architect in Kratovo early on allows you to bring your residential vision to life in the most efficient and effective way possible.

  • It’s best to involve an architect early in the planning stage of your project to benefit from their expertise and guidance.
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  • While there isn’t a specific time of year, consider engaging an architect during quieter periods like summer. It allows for more thoughtful discussions, better availability, and potentially shorter project queues.

How do I find the best Kratovo residential design architect for my project?

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If you search for Architects near me you'll be sure to find a business that knows about the latest trends and styles in architecture, ensuring your bathroom, kitchen, or whole house remodel reflects contemporary design principles

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IMAGES

  1. PHILIPPE DUFOUR

    philippe dufour tours

  2. Ultra-Rare Philippe Dufour Sells For A Record-Breaking $10.4 Million

    philippe dufour tours

  3. Philippe Dufour Grande Sonnerie Wristwatch Sells for US$5.2m

    philippe dufour tours

  4. Philippe Dufour Interview: Why He Is Disappointed With Today's Watchmakers

    philippe dufour tours

  5. Philippe Dufour And Henry-John Belmont Win FHH Homage To 'Passion' And 'Talent' Awards

    philippe dufour tours

  6. A Rare Philippe Dufour Watch Sells for a Record-Breaking $7.6 Million

    philippe dufour tours

VIDEO

  1. Philippe DUFOUR

  2. teaser philippe dufour

  3. Philippe Dufour Grand Sonnerie Pocket Watch No. 1

  4. #PORTRAIT HORLOGER

  5. Philippe DUFOUR

  6. Highlights

COMMENTS

  1. Université de Tours

    M. Philippe Dufour Professeur d'université Département de français EA 6297 - Interactions Culturelles et Discursives (ICD) UFR de Lettres et Langues. Coordonnées. 3 Rue des Tanneurs 37041 TOURS CEDEX 1. Tél 0247366678 Mail [email protected]. Discipline(s) Langue et littérature françaises. Discipline(s) enseignée(s ...

  2. A Beginner's Guide To The World Of Philippe Dufour

    Philippe Dufour. For instance, when our friends Cyrano Devanthey and Dominique Buser of Oscillon were working on the Naissance d'une Montre 2 project, they spent an afternoon with Dufour at his workshop, where he answered every possible question they might have regarding his finishing techniques.Or you could even take a look at his social media presence - it's disarmingly casual.

  3. Philippe Dufour

    Philippe Dufour est un ancien élève de l'École Normale Supérieure, aujourd'hui spécialiste du XIXe siècle et professeur à l'Université de Tours. Il a enseigné à l'université anglaise de Johannesburg en Afrique du sud, à l'université de la Paraiba au Brésil, à l'université de Columbia aux États-Unis, à l'École Normale Supérieure de Meknès au Maroc.

  4. An Introduction To The World Of Philippe Dufour

    June 03, 2023. 0. Philippe Dufour is celebrating his 75th birthday with a big bash this weekend. More than perhaps any other living watchmaker, Dufour embodies the ideal of the independent Swiss master watchmaker, toiling away at his bench in the Valle de Joux, tools in one hand, pipe in the other. He was the first man to put a grand and petite ...

  5. From the Bench: Philippe Dufour

    Our latest interviewee, Philippe Dufour, is the undisputed king of this process, creating angles and curves on his movements' bridges which really have to be seen in the metal to be fully appreciated. With a long-stretching career and recent record-breaking auction result, we thought it was time to catch-up with Philippe at his atelier in la ...

  6. Philippe Dufour: Works for Sale, Upcoming Auctions & Past Results

    Philippe Dufour. Model: Grande & Petite Sonnerie. A unique, incredibly well-made and historically important two-train minute repeating grande and petite sonnerie wristwatch with hinged case in yellow gold and enamel dial bearing movement number 1. Estimate CHF1,000,000 - 2,000,000. Sold for CHF 4,749,000.

  7. Philippe Dufour

    The Duality was born in 1996, once he had mastered the workings of two independent balance wheels to make the world's first wristwatch with a double escapement. As time passed, Philippe was stirred by purity. Simplicity is a masterpiece he first designed to please only himself. With references to the elegant styles of the 1950s and '60s, it ...

  8. Press

    In celebration of the legendary watchmaker Philippe Dufour's 75th birthday, Phillips is delighted to present a Simplicity in white gold with guilloché dial cased in 34mm diameter and engraved on the movement number 09. ... Highlight Tours . Dates. Location . 20-22 October . Singapore - The St. Regis Hotel, 29 Tanglin Rd, Singapore. 1-4 ...

  9. A conversation with Philippe Dufour: one of the most important

    A conversation with Philippe Dufour: one of the most important watchmakers in the Vallée de Joux. Born in the cradle of watchmaking complications where nature's peacefulness allows for the level of focus needed to produce accurate timepieces, this authentic and kind watchmaker welcomed us at his workshop. It was a unique moment.

  10. Philippe Dufour

    Philippe Dufour, AHCI (born 1948) is a Swiss-born watchmaker from Le Sentier, Vallée de Joux. He is regarded as a master of modern watchmaking, and his watches are referred as among the best ever made.

  11. Once-in-a-lifetime Philippe Dufour watch auction

    Independent watchmaker Philippe Dufour might not have the global prestige of the most famous brands on the planet but, trust us, you're going to want to know all about the upcoming Phillips auction presenting four of his masterpieces. by Ben Winstanley. Published: Friday 10th September 2021. Watches. If you type "unicorn wine" into your ...

  12. Four Stunning Dufour Masterpieces At Phillips Auction

    Had the Duality been launched in 2021, Monsieur Dufour could easily have sold 25. The example with movement number "00" sold at Phillips New York in 2017 - in an auction headlined by a certain Newman Dayona - for close to $1 million. The watch going up this November has an estimate of US$872,152-1,744,520. Alex's Take:

  13. A Watch Master and a Watch Mastermind Thrive Together

    In just three months as partners, Philippe Dufour and the retailer and collector Claude Sfeir have announced a new series. Thousands are vying to buy. Philippe Dufour in his workshop in Le Solliat ...

  14. Philippe Dufour: A Name Worth Knowing

    Philippe Dufour was born in 1948 in the village of Le Sentier in the Swiss Vallée de Joux. You might argue that his birthplace was his first step toward becoming a career watchmaker. The seclusion and climate of this quiet valley helped the region develop into a center of watchmaking. Philippe Dufour dedicated himself to watchmaking at the ...

  15. Just Because How The Dufour Duality Actually Works, As ...

    The Duality is based, conceptually and mechanically, on some school watches made in the Vallée de Joux watchmaking school in the 1930s. These were double-balance pocket watches, with a single gear train and two balances. The power was delivered to each balance by a differential. For the Duality, Dufour had to shrink down the differential ...

  16. ICONS: The Philippe Dufour Simplicity

    It is astonishing looking back at the environment that Philippe Dufour's Simplicity launched in, when it made its debut in 2000. We will touch on how this period represented something of a genesis for the modern independent watchmaking movement in a later chapter, but it is fascinating to consider how many great names were presenting their exceptional creations at that moment.

  17. Philippe Dufour, Simplicity and F. P. Journe, Tourbillon Souverain

    Step into the world of independent excellence with the Simplicity and Tourbillon Souverain. Crafted in platinum, Philippe Dufour's Simplicity gained legendary status in the world of horology for its unprecedented finishing of the movement and the case. F. P. Journe's Tourbillon Souverain on the other hand combines watchmaking artistry with mechanical excellence and has been the definitive ...

  18. Philippe Dufour

    Perhaps Philippe Dufour's most unusual creation, the Duality features twin oscillators linked by a differential that averages out the rate of the two, reducing variations in timekeeping. Unveiled in 1996, the Duality was envisioned as a series of 25, but only nine examples were made. This example is an unique execution of this series of ...

  19. Buy Philippe Dufour watches online at ACM

    Based in his atelier in la Vallée de Joux, Switzerland, Monsieur Dufour is a master of grand complications, basing his designs on the traditional movement architecture and artistic expressions of the Vallée de Joux from 1850 to 1920. With a long-stretching career and recent record-breaking auction result, Philippe Dufour is the undisputed king of finishing.

  20. Category:Gorodok factory

    Media in category "Gorodok factory" The following 41 files are in this category, out of 41 total.

  21. THE 10 BEST Dzerzhinsky Sights & Landmarks to Visit (2023)

    Top Dzerzhinsky Landmarks: See reviews and photos of sights to see in Dzerzhinsky, Russia on Tripadvisor.

  22. Kratovo, Russia

    Kratovo (Russian: Кра́тово) is an urban locality (a suburban (dacha) settlement) in Ramensky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia, located 40 kilometers (25 mi) southeast of Moscow.Population: 8,277 (2010 Russian census); 6,855 (2002 Census); 6,295 (1989 Soviet census) . Zoe Williams of The Guardian wrote that Kratovo "resembles a Russian Guildford with high hedges, gigantic trees, the ...

  23. Architects, Architecture Firms, & Building Designers in Kratovo

    Search 5,703 Kratovo architects, architecture firms & building designers to find the best architect or building designer for your project. See the top reviewed local architects and building designers in Kratovo, Moscow Oblast, Russia on Houzz.