airline travel and pregnancy

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Is it safe to fly during pregnancy?

Generally, air travel before 36 weeks of pregnancy is considered safe for people who aren't dealing with any pregnancy problems. Still, if you're pregnant, it's a good idea to talk with your health care provider before you fly.

Your provider might suggest that you not fly if you have certain pregnancy complications that could get worse because of air travel or that could require emergency care. Examples include a history of miscarriage or vaginal bleeding, severe anemia, and high blood pressure or diabetes that's not well controlled. If you had preeclampsia during a previous pregnancy — a condition that causes high blood pressure and extra protein in urine — flying may not be advised. The same is true if you're pregnant with twins or other multiples.

Tell your provider how far you are flying, as the length of the flight might make a difference. Also, be aware that some airlines may not allow pregnant people on international flights. Check with your airline before you make travel arrangements.

After 36 weeks of pregnancy, your health care provider may advise against flying. And some airlines don't allow pregnant people to fly after 36 weeks. The airline also may require a letter from your health care provider that states how far along in your pregnancy you are and whether flying is advised.

If your health care provider says it's okay for you to fly, and your plans are flexible, the best time to travel by air might be during the second trimester. The risks of common pregnancy emergencies are lowest during that time.

When you fly:

• Buckle up. During the trip, keep your seatbelt fastened when you are seated, and secure it under your belly.
• Drink plenty of fluids. Low humidity in the airplane could cause you to become dehydrated.
• Avoid gassy foods and drinks before you fly. Gases expand during flight, and that could make you uncomfortable. Examples of foods and drinks to avoid include broccoli and carbonated soda.
• Think about medical care. Plan for how you'll get obstetric care during your trip if you need it. Bring copies of your medical information in case you need care while you're away.

Blood clots

Air travel can raise the risk for blood clots in the legs, a condition called venous thrombosis. The risk is higher for pregnant people. Moving your legs may help prevent this problem. Take a walk up and down the aisle every hour during the flight. If you must remain seated, flex and extend your ankles from time to time. In general, it's best to avoid tightfitting clothing, as that can hinder blood flow. Wearing compression stockings can help with blood circulation during a long flight.

Radiation exposure linked to air travel at high altitudes isn't thought to be a problem for most people who fly during pregnancy. But pilots, flight attendants and others who fly often might be exposed to a level of radiation that raises concerns during pregnancy. If you must fly frequently during your pregnancy, talk about it with your health care provider.

Mary Marnach, M.D.

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• Allergy medications during pregnancy
• AskMayoExpert. Health considerations for air travelers: Pregnancy considerations. Mayo Clinic; 2022.
• Air Travel During Pregnancy: ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 746. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2018/08/air-travel-during-pregnancy. Accessed Dec. 1, 2022.
• Ram S, et al. Air travel during pregnancy and the risk of venous thrombosis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2022; doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022.100751.

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Flying while pregnant? Here’s what you need to know

Editors note: This guide has been updated with the latest information.

During pregnancy, seemingly harmless things like eating deli meat and cleaning your cat's litter box are suddenly off-limits, along with more obvious restrictions on sports like skiing and scuba diving.

But what about "grey area" activities like flying in an airplane?

There's no single set of guidelines governing air travel during pregnancy and every airline has different restrictions, timelines and requirements. Some airlines may also require a medical certificate from a primary attending doctor or midwife for air travel during the final months of pregnancy, though even that varies, with U.S. airlines typically offering more flexibility than international carriers.

For more TPG news delivered each morning to your inbox, sign up for our daily newsletter .

In the absence of clear guidelines, TPG turned to Dr. Nithya Gopal , a board-certified OB-GYN physician and the Director of OB-GYN services at Viva Eve in New York City, for her expert recommendations on safe air travel during pregnancy.

Here's what she had to say:

Is it safe to fly when you are pregnant?

There is no evidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes due to flying, according to Dr. Gopal.

"The general consensus is that it is safest to fly in the first and second trimesters," Dr. Gopal told The Points Guy. "While the first and third trimesters tend to be when the most obstetric emergencies are going to happen, I personally become more cautious with my patients after 32 weeks because of the increased risk for premature labor and the possibility of needing urgent medical attention when you are in the sky."

The most important thing you can do, no matter how far along you are in your pregnancy, is to consult with your healthcare provider before flying.

"Any time you are planning to fly during pregnancy , you should be having that conversation," Dr. Gopal said. Your provider will be familiar with any safety precautions you should take to ensure a safe and healthy flight.

Related: Guide to flying in each trimester of pregnancy

The airline you are flying may have its own cutoff, so you will want to confirm with it beforehand whether you will be allowed to fly if you are in (or nearing) your third trimester. We've included a chart below that outlines the rules for most major airline carriers.

What can you do to stay comfortable on a flight?

When you factor in morning sickness and general pregnancy discomfort with the increased risk for blood clots that all fliers need to be aware of, flying during pregnancy can be uncomfortable even when it is deemed safe.

Dr. Gopal shared her recommendations for addressing these common issues when you take to the (baby-) friendly skies during pregnancy. Her number one tip for staying comfortable while in flight is to wear compression socks to help maintain blood flow and reduce swelling in the legs.

In addition, "I also tell my patients to get up and move at least every hour when they are on the plane," Dr. Gopal said.

To prevent clotting, "some doctors may also prescribe a low-dose aspirin," she added. "It isn't something that is recommended by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), but it isn't harmful, either."

If it's nausea or acid reflux that ail you, there are medications generally considered safe that you can take to alleviate your symptoms. These would be the same ones prescribed by your doctor for morning sickness, so speak with your provider before your flight to ensure you have what you need at the ready.

Dr. Gopal also advises wearing loose, unrestrictive clothing (along with your seatbelt, or course) and drinking extra fluids to counteract the pressurized air in the cabin and keep you hydrated.

"Over-the-counter Gas-X may also help with bloating that can happen as a result of the pressurized air," Dr. Gopal said.

Related: What happens when a baby is born in flight?

Must you speak with your healthcare provider before flying?

Even if your pregnancy is considered low-risk, it's always a smart idea to speak with your healthcare provider before flying. "There are a number of potential risks that go along with flying during pregnancy and those risks can change from week to week and month to month, so it's important to have that honest conversation with your doctor," Dr. Gopal said.

Related: Things You Should Do Before, During and After Flying to Stay Healthy

There are certain pregnancy conditions that may make flying more risky or unadvisable. If you are hypertensive, asthmatic or prone to clotting disorders, it's even more critical to speak with your doctor before flying.

Airline policies differ, but if you need documentation, it never hurts to include enough detail to satisfy the most stringent airline requirements.

"As with many things related to air travel, it's better to be safe than sorry," Dr. Gopal said. "It's definitely worth it, and sometimes necessary, to have medical documentation from your provider's office."

A thorough medical certificate or waiver should state:

• The number of weeks of pregnancy.
• The estimated delivery date.
• Whether the pregnancy is single or multiple.
• Whether there are any complications.
• That you are in good health and fit to travel through the date of your final flight.

Additionally, the certificate should be:

• Written on official clinic or hospital letterhead if possible.
• Signed by the doctor or attending midwife.
• Be dated no later than 72 hours before the departure date.
• Be written in clear, simple English.

Carry this certificate with you on your flight. Some airlines won't ask to see it, but others will. Some airlines also may have their own documentation requirements. See the chart below to find out which airlines require it.

Airline policies for pregnant women

Bottom line.

Even though it may be deemed safe, flying during pregnancy can be uncomfortable — and it is perfectly acceptable to implement your own cutoff for flying with your baby bump in tow. The majority of the time, though, flying is perfectly safe during pregnancy, providing that you follow the guidelines of the airline and your healthcare provider. Read on to learn more about traveling before, during and after pregnancy:

• What to expect in every trimester of pregnancy
• 4 tips for planning travel while planning a pregnancy
• Babymoon boom! These are the top 10 spots for a US getaway before the baby comes
• Flying with a baby checklist

Additional reporting by Katherine Fan and Tarah Chieffi.

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Flying While Pregnant – Your Guide to Airline Policies [2023]

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Airline Policy Chart

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Whether heading on a vacation or babymoon, traveling for work, or visiting family for the holidays, flying while pregnant is extremely common and generally safe when following standard air travel precautions.

As always, wearing a seatbelt and staying hydrated is very important, but so is checking with your doctor, as well as your airline, to confirm any additional requirements.

Depending on your destination and airline, policies may vary, so we created a guide to help make the process just a little bit easier for expectant moms.

Let’s look at what you can expect on your next flight if you are expecting.

Flying While Pregnant Overview

Many airlines allow pregnant women to fly if they haven’t passed 36 weeks of gestation .

However, that number may vary based on medical conditions as well as the destination of the flight, as international flights can have different rules.

U.S. Airline Pregnancy Policies

Alaska Airlines does not have any specific policy for flying while pregnant.

American Airlines requires pregnant passengers to provide a doctor’s certificate stating they’re fit to fly if they’re due within 4 weeks of the flight.

If the flight is within 7 days of the delivery date, your physician must complete a special approval form, and a special assistance coordinator from American Airlines will be assigned to you.

For international travel or travel over water within 4 weeks of your due date, a physician’s note stating that you are fit to fly after being examined within 48 hours of the flight is required.

Pregnant passengers do not face any restrictions when flying on Avelo and a medical certificate is not required for you to travel.

Breeze does not have restrictions or require a medical certificate for pregnant passengers.

Delta Air Lines has no restrictions for pregnant passengers and does not require medical clearance, regardless of the due date.

Frontier Airlines requires a medical certificate starting at the 36th week of pregnancy.

Alternatively, a waiver may be signed at the ticket counter, releasing the airline of liability.

Hawaiian Airlines requires a medical certificate if you’re due within 7 days when flying within Hawaii.

For international flights or between North America, an exam completed within 48 hours of your flight and a certificate are required if the flight is within 30 days of your due date.

JetBlue only requires a medical certificate if you’re due within 7 days of the flight. The exam must be completed within 72 hours of the departure date.

If you are past due, you will not be allowed to fly, even with documentation.

Southwest Airlines recommends against air travel for passengers at or past 38 weeks of pregnancy but does not prohibit it.

The airline may, however, ask pregnant passengers not to sit in the emergency row.

Spirit Airlines “urges” pregnant passengers past 8 months (32 weeks) to get a doctor’s exam before flying to confirm it is safe to travel.

However, no mention of a medical certificate being needed to fly.

United Airlines has no restriction for up to 36 weeks of pregnancy.

Starting the 36th week, an obstetrician’s certificate (original and 2 copies) is required, stating that mother and baby are fit for travel. The certificate must be dated within 72 hours of the flight, although it is preferred to be within 1 day of departure if possible.

The due date must be after the final flight on the itinerary.

International Airline Pregnancy Policies

Aeromexico passengers who are 33 weeks pregnant or more must provide a medical certificate that can be uploaded 48 hours before the flight departure.

The exam must be completed within 5 days of the flight, and it is a good idea to bring a copy of the certificate to the airport just in case.

Air Canada has no restrictions for passengers until their 36th week of pregnancy. After 36 weeks, there is no official statement or requirements.

Air France does not require medical clearance before flying. However, the airline recommends seeking a doctor’s opinion before flying.

Although it is not prohibited, Air France recommends avoiding air travel starting at 37 weeks of pregnancy.

British Airways does not permit pregnant women to fly after the 36th week if they’re pregnant with 1 baby or after the 32nd week for more than 1 baby.

The airline recommends expectant mothers travel with a note from their doctor or midwife confirming:

• If the pregnancy is single or multiple
• Expected due date
• No complications with the pregnancy

This note should be completed as close to the travel dates as possible.

The table below shows the requirements and certificates needed to travel for those with uncomplicated pregnancies.

Cathay Pacific advises that you may be denied boarding if you’re not carrying a required medical certificate or if that certificate is outdated or incomplete.

Emirates has flight restrictions starting at 29 weeks of pregnancy.

Expectant mothers traveling during or after 29 weeks must bring a medical certificate signed by a doctor or midwife that includes:

• Single or multiple pregnancies
• Estimated due date
• The latest date your doctor expects you to be fit for travel
• You are in good health
• That there is no known reason that would prevent you from flying

Passengers are prohibited from flying after the 36th week of a single pregnancy or the 32nd week of a multiples pregnancy.

If you need to request an exception to the rule, you can apply for medical clearance by submitting a medical information form .

Etihad Airways has flight restrictions starting at 29 weeks of pregnancy.

From weeks 29 to 36 (29 to 32 for a multiples pregnancy), a medical certificate is required to fly.

Passengers are prohibited from flying once reaching the 37th week of a single pregnancy or the 33rd week of a multiples pregnancy.

If you need to submit a medical certificate, you can download it before arriving at the airport.

Japan Air Lines requires a medical certificate  for the following circumstances:

• When the expected delivery date is within 28 days or is uncertain
• When expecting multiple births
• When there were previous premature births

KLM advises expectant mothers not to fly after reaching 36 weeks of pregnancy. Getting medical clearance to fly is not required, but it is recommended.

LATAM allows pregnant passengers of up to 29 weeks to fly without authorization. From the 30th week on, a medical certificate is required.

After 39 weeks, travel is prohibited.

Lufthansa does not require medical clearance until after the 28th week of pregnancy.

Beyond the 28th week, it is recommended that you travel with a certificate that includes:

• Confirmation that the pregnancy does not have any complications
• A statement from an obstetrician stating that the pregnancy does not prevent you from flying

From the 36th week, this certificate is required to fly. In the case of twin or multiples pregnancy, flying is prohibited after the 32nd week.

Qatar Airways recommends traveling with a doctor’s certificate until the 29th week of pregnancy. After the 29th week arrives, the certificate is required.

At the beginning of the 33rd week, a doctor’s certificate, as well as a MEDIF form , is required and must include the following:

• Patient’s name and date of birth
• Estimated date of delivery
• Proposed dates of air travel
• Confirmation of uncomplicated pregnancy
• Confirmation that the patient is fit for travel
• Date, stamp, and contact details of a qualified doctor

After the 36th week of pregnancy begins, Qatar Airways will not allow you to fly, or 33 weeks in the case of a multiples pregnancy.

Singapore Airlines has no requirements until after the 28th week of pregnancy.

From the 29th week to the 36th week (32nd week for a multiples pregnancy), a medical statement is required to fly that includes:

• Fitness to travel
• Number of weeks pregnant

This certificate must be dated within 10 days of the first flight.

After the 36th week (or the 32nd week for a multiples pregnancy), air travel with Singapore Airlines is not allowed.

After 28 weeks, you will be required to provide a letter from your doctor, dated within 10 days of travel, “outlining the estimated due date, single or multiple pregnancies, the absence of complications, and your fitness to fly for the duration of the flight(s) booked.”

Medical clearance is required for any pregnancy with complications or within 5 days of normal vaginal delivery.

The following conditions are unacceptable for travel:

Virgin Atlantic has no requirements until the 28th week of pregnancy.

From the 28th week to the 36th week (32nd week for a multiples pregnancy), a doctor’s certificate may be requested at the airport or onboard. The certificate should state that there have been no complications and show the estimated due date.

After the 36th week (or 32nd week for a multiples pregnancy), air travel with Virgin Atlantic is prohibited. Travel after the cut-off date may be permitted in special circumstances.

WestJet only recommends that expectant mothers check with their physician or midwife before traveling if they are more than 36 weeks pregnant.

Hot Tip: Are you planning your first trip with your little one? Read the ultimate guide to booking a lap child on your next flight .

Most of these travel tips are helpful for everyone, but especially for expectant mothers.

Choose the Right Seat

Choosing the right seat can make a big difference on an airplane. By sitting in a bulkhead or an aisle seat, you will have more room to stretch your legs and more freedom to get up to use the bathroom if needed.

Also, this may be a good time to splurge on a business or first class seat so you can lie flat and get some rest.

Wear Comfortable Clothing

Wearing comfortable clothing is travel 101, but wearing comfortable layers will give you options if you find the cabin too hot or cold.

Wear Compression Socks

A popular travel hack (even if you aren’t pregnant) is to wear compression socks to reduce swelling and help with blood flow.

However, it may be a good idea to speak with your doctor if you haven’t used them before.

Get Up and Stretch

Walking up and down the aisle is a great way to get your blood flowing and keep oxygen levels up.

Stay Hydrated

Planes are notorious for being dry and sucking moisture out of the air. Pack a big water bottle and ask for more while onboard to ensure you don’t get dehydrated.

Beat Nausea

If you are prone to nausea, bring remedies such as candies and crackers (or whatever works for you) because smells can sometimes be unavoidable inside a plane.

Buy Travelers Insurance

Having travelers insurance is always a good idea, especially if you are traveling far from home — even more so if you are late in your pregnancy.

Hot Tip: Once your little traveler is born, they will want to fly with you. Here is the ultimate guide to baby bassinet seats on 50+ airlines .

Pregnancy is a beautiful thing, and combining it with travel can be a recipe for some wonderful memories.

If you’re planning a bucket list babymoon or just need to keep working and traveling, knowing which airlines will best accommodate you is essential when booking travel.

This guide has plenty of information, and when you’re ready to start traveling with your little one in tow, be sure to come back and read our family travel guides!

All information and content provided by Upgraded Points is intended as general information and for educational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as medical advice or legal advice. For more information, see our  Medical & Legal Disclaimers .

Frequently Asked Questions

Is it safe to fly when pregnant.

In most cases, flying while pregnant is perfectly safe as long as normal safety precautions are taken.

Can you fly during the third trimester? 

Most airlines will allow expectant mothers to fly until the 36th week of pregnancy, often with a doctor’s note.

Do airlines restrict pregnant passengers?

Most airlines allow pregnant passengers to fly until they are 36 weeks pregnant. Some have no restrictions at all.

What are the rules when flying while pregnant?

Each airline sets its own policy regarding flying while pregnant, and it often depends on gestation age and how complicated the pregnancy is. We put together a list of the most popular airlines and their pregnancy policies.

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About Chris Hassan

Chris holds a B.S. in Hospitality and Tourism Management and managed social media for all Marriott properties in South America, making him a perfect fit for UP and its social media channels. He has a passion for making content catered toward family travelers.

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Pregnant Travelers

Pregnant travelers can generally travel safely with appropriate preparation. But they should avoid some destinations, including those with risk of Zika and malaria. Learn more about traveling during pregnancy and steps you can take to keep you and your baby healthy.

Before Travel

Before you book a cruise or air travel, check the airlines or cruise operator policies for pregnant women. Some airlines will let you fly until 36 weeks, but others may have an earlier cutoff. Cruises may not allow you to travel after 24–28 weeks of pregnancy, and you may need to have a note from your doctor stating you are fit to travel.

Zika and Malaria

Zika can cause severe birth defects. The Zika virus is spread through mosquito bites and sex. If you are pregnant, do not travel to  areas with risk of Zika . If you must travel to an area with Zika, use  insect repellent  and take other steps to avoid bug bites. If you have a sex partner who lives in or has traveled to an area with Zika, you should use condoms for the rest of your pregnancy.

Pregnant travelers should avoid travel to areas with malaria, as it can be more severe in pregnant women. Malaria increases the risk for serious pregnancy problems, including premature birth, miscarriage, and stillbirth. If you must travel to an area with malaria, talk to your doctor about taking malaria prevention medicine. Malaria is spread by mosquitoes, so use  insect repellent and take other steps to avoid bug bites.

Make an appointment with your healthcare provider or a travel health specialist  that takes place at least one month before you leave. They can help you get destination-specific vaccines, medicines, and information. Discussing your health concerns, itinerary, and planned activities with your provider allows them to give more specific advice and recommendations.

Plan for the unexpected. It is important to plan for unexpected events as much as possible. Doing so can help you get quality health care or avoid being stranded at a destination. A few steps you can take to plan for unexpected events are to  get travel insurance ,    learn where to get health care during travel ,  pack a travel health kit ,  and  enroll in the Department of State’s STEP .

Be sure your healthcare policy covers pregnancy and neonatal complications while overseas. If it doesn’t get travel health insurance that covers those items. Consider getting medical evacuation insurance too.

Recognize signs and symptoms that require immediate medical attention, including pelvic or abdominal pain, bleeding, contractions, symptoms of preeclampsia (unusual swelling, severe headaches, nausea and vomiting, and vision changes), and dehydration.

Prepare a  travel health kit . Pregnant travelers may want to include in your kit prescription medications, hemorrhoid cream, antiemetic drugs, antacids, prenatal vitamins, medication for vaginitis or yeast infection, and support hose, in addition to the items recommended for all travelers.

During Travel

Your feet may become swollen on a long flight, so wear comfortable shoes and loose clothing and try to walk around every hour or so. Sitting for a long time, like on long flight, increases your chances of getting blood clots, or deep vein thrombosis. Pregnant women are also more likely to get blood clots. To reduce your risk of a blood clot, your doctor may recommend compression stockings or leg exercises you can do in your seat. Also, see CDC’s Blood Clots During Travel page for more tips on how to avoid blood clots during travel.

Choose safe food and drink. Contaminated food or drinks can cause travelers’ diarrhea and other diseases and disrupt your travel. Travelers to low or middle income destinations are especially at risk. Generally, foods served hot are usually safe to eat as well as dry and packaged foods. Bottled, canned, and hot drinks are usually safe to drink. Learn more about how to choose safer  food and drinks  to prevent getting sick.

Pregnant women should not use bismuth subsalicylate, which is in Pepto-Bismol and Kaopectate. Travelers to low or middle income  destinations  are more likely to get sick from food or drinks. Iodine tablets for water purification should not be used since they can harm thyroid development of the fetus.

After Travel

If you traveled and feel sick, particularly if you have a fever, talk to a healthcare provider immediately, and tell them about your travel. Avoid contact with other people while you are sick.

More Information

CDC Yellow Book: Pregnant Travelers

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Here Are the Rules for Flying When You're Pregnant

Whether you're newly pregnant or planning a babymoon right before welcoming your baby, here's what parents-to-be need to know about airline travel during each trimester.

Expectant parents need to know: Can you fly when pregnant?

While it's mostly OK to travel until the last few weeks of pregnancy, there are some precautions to take depending on when you decide to book a trip and how high risk your pregnancy is. Here's what you need to know before your next vacation.

Pregnancy and Flying: Your Trimester by Trimester Guide

As a general rule of thumb, most airlines will allow pregnant people to fly right up until week 36 of pregnancy, but you should absolutely do your research before booking your flight to check restrictions. You'll also want to consult with your OB-GYN or midwife before traveling—especially if you're at a higher risk for complications during pregnancy.

GETTY IMAGES

Before you travel

While you may be accustomed to planning a vacation on a whim or only packing your usual necessities, there's one extra thing you should consider doing before booking a flight during your pregnancy: Opt for travel insurance.

Should travel restrictions change, your health care provider recommends you stay home, or if you experience any concerning symptoms —like bleeding, abdominal pain, swelling, headaches, vision changes, or decreased fetal movement—you'll want to postpone or cancel your plans and see your doctor as soon as possible.

According to the ACOG, travel is not recommended for pregnant people with certain complications like preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), or who are at risk of preterm labor.

First trimester

Flying earlier on in pregnancy is actually considered pretty safe. And, no, metal detectors won't harm your fetus.

"Pregnant women can observe the same basic precautions for air travel as the general public," Raul Artal, M.D., former vice chairman of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Committee on Obstetric Practice, previously told Parents .

One thing pregnant air travelers should take extra precautions to avoid at any trimester? Blood clots, which pregnant people are 7 times more likely to develop—especially during long flights. To help minimize your risk, you can book an aisle seat, walk around every so often, and wiggle your legs and toes while seated.

And since morning sickness and fatigue might be your biggest first trimester complaints, you may want to check with your health care provider about bringing anti-nausea medicine with you.

Second trimester

According to the ACOG, "The best time to travel is mid-pregnancy (14 to 28 weeks). During these weeks, your energy has returned, morning sickness is improved or gone, and you are still able to get around easily. After 28 weeks , it may be harder to move around or sit for a long time."

If you're flying during your second trimester, it's a good idea to stay hydrated, think about wearing support stockings to reduce edema and clot risk, and make sure you've done your research on hospitals located near your destination should an emergency arise.

Carrying twins or more? Your health care provider might recommend you stop traveling earlier due to the higher risk of complications.

Third trimester

How late in pregnancy can you fly? If you're relatively healthy—and not at risk of complications like preterm labor, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, or placenta previa—then you're usually OK to travel up until 36 weeks, though some OB-GYNs may prefer you stay closer to your home near the end should you encounter any complications or in case your baby comes sooner than expected.

High-risk patients—and especially those with pregnancy-induced hypertension, diabetes, and sickle-cell disease—may be advised not to fly after 24 weeks—or not at all.

Check with your doctor before traveling at the end of your pregnancy.

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Safety of Air Travel During Pregnancy

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Pregnancy was once seen as something that sent women to their homes once their bellies began to protrude (hence the term "confinement"). It was not considered appropriate for pregnant people to be seen in public.

Nowadays pregnancy rarely changes schedules, with the exception of high-risk pregnancies or other complications. People usually can continue their normal lives for the duration of the pregnancy, with minor exceptions (like knowing where all the bathrooms are!). Travel is no exception.

Travel is becoming more prevalent as families move further and further apart. Traveling for holidays, or as the last trip to see the family before the baby comes, or as a last romantic vacation, is not unusual. This includes out of the country travel and often air travel.

The Science on Pregnancy and Air Travel

For ethical reasons, there are not many studies on air travel and miscarriage rates. One 2015 study showed a slight increase in first-trimester miscarriage for flight attendants, but this was often associated with high physical job demands and disruptions to their sleep cycles.

In-flight radiation is also a slight risk for flight attendants. An estimated 2% of flight attendants are exposed to a solar particle event during their pregnancies, although the amount of radiation varies by length of time in the air, the routes flown, and so on. However, the risk to the average flier is negligible. The average 10-hour flight only exposes fliers to 0.05 mSv of radiation, or 1/1000th of the limit set by the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.

Precautions for Air Travel During Pregnancy

Flying is fairly safe while pregnant, even for flight attendants, with some minor adjustments. There are, however, some issues to bear in mind if you are pregnant and considering multiple, frequent, or very long flights:

• Air travel is extremely dehydrating. You'll need to drink a lot of water while in the air.
• Air travel requires that you sit still for long periods. If you're likely to experience cramps or other pregnancy-associated issues, you may be quite uncomfortable.
• Airplanes are not equipped to handle in-air birth or pregnancy-related complications . Even if your airline permits travel, you may simply be smarter to stay on the ground if you're close to giving birth or are experiencing any pregnancy-related issues.

There are some precautions that a pregnant traveler should consider:

• Talk to your practitioner before flying. If you are more than 36 weeks pregnant, many airlines will not let you fly for fear that you'll deliver on board.
• Try to do the majority of your traveling in the second trimester . Not only will you be more comfortable, but in general the risks of miscarriage and preterm labor are lower.
• Avoid excessive flying. Although there are no hard and fast numbers, one study found that flight attendants with higher miscarriage rates flew on average 74 hours per month.
• Make comfort arrangements. Try to get seats with more legroom, plan to walk in the aisles, anticipate bathroom breaks, and bring water.
• Avoid travel to countries that would require immunizations that you don't already have or are that are not considered safe for pregnancy. Talk to your practitioner for more info on immunizations during pregnancy, as some immunizations are considered appropriate while pregnant.
• Because pregnant people are more vulnerable to COVID-19, you may wish to avoid unnecessary travel, particularly to high-risk areas.

So remember, flying is not contraindicated in an uncomplicated pregnancy, but use your common sense and speak to your practitioner about your travel plans.

Grajewski B, Whelan EA, Lawson CC, et al. Miscarriage among flight attendants . Epidemiology . 2015;26(2):192-203. doi:10.1097/EDE.0000000000000225

Hezelgrave NL, Whitty CJM, Shennan AH, Chappell LC. Advising on travel during pregnancy . BMJ. 2011;342:d2506. doi:10.1136/bmj.d2506

Zubac D, Stella AB, Morrison SA. Up in the air: Evidence of dehydration risk and long-haul flight on athletic performance . Nutrients . 2020;12(9):2574-2589. doi:10.3390/nu12092574

Cone JE, Vaughan LM, Huete A, Samuels S. Reproductive health outcomes among female flight attendants: An exploratory study . J Occup Environ Med. 1998;40(3):210-216.

Ellington S, Strid P, Tong VT, et al. Characteristics of women of reproductive age with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by pregnancy status — United States, January 22–June 7, 2020 . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(25):769-775. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6925a1

By Robin Elise Weiss, PhD, MPH Robin Elise Weiss, PhD, MPH is a professor, author, childbirth and postpartum educator, certified doula, and lactation counselor.

Can I Fly While Pregnant?

Here are expert answers to some of the most-asked questions about air travel during pregnancy, by rosie colosi.

If you’re debating about whether to book that plane ticket for your babymoon in Hawaii, you can most likely get ready to say “aloha”!

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ (ACOG) in-depth guidebook, “ Your Pregnancy and Childbirth: Month to Month ,” states: “In the absence of obstetric or medical complications, occasional air travel is safe for pregnant women. Pregnant women can fly safely, observing the same precautions for air travel as the general population.”

Of course, knowing that something is safe and feeling safe are two completely different things. If you’re planning to fly during your pregnancy, you probably have some questions about how to feel safe while in the air. So we asked a pregnancy health expert to weigh in and hopefully put your mind at ease.

When can you fly while pregnant?

According to ACOG , most airlines allow pregnant people to fly domestically up until about 36 weeks of pregnancy (or until 33 weeks if carrying multiples). But that’s not the whole story.

Dr. Kenneth T. Borkowski, lead physician at Women’s Health Group in Connecticut, clarified that these guidelines “are airline policies and they are not therefore medical in nature. The airline carriers do not wish to encounter medical issues mid-flight which would divert a plane to the closest terminal in the event of such issues. Occasional air travel, under most circumstances, is considered safe throughout pregnancy.”

Even so, pregnant people with medical or obstetric conditions (like preeclampsia , higher risk for preterm labor or vaginal bleeding) should consult their doctor before booking air travel.

“The most common obstetric emergencies happen in the first and third trimesters,” Dr. Borkowski says. “Other than taking that into consideration, the ‘best’ time to travel is when the airline rates are the lowest!”

What about flying internationally while pregnant?

Some international flights restrict pregnant people even earlier than 36 weeks, Dr. Borkowski says, and may require documentation of the baby’s gestational age before allowing them to board.

International flights (or even coast-to-coast domestic flights) tend to be longer, increasing the risk for turbulence, blood clots and dehydration. Changes in air pressure can decrease the amount of oxygen you breathe, and sitting still for a long period of time can prohibit healthy blood flow. This is true for anyone who flies, but the risk is higher for pregnant people . Dr. Borkowski recommends taking simple measures like drinking water, moving around the cabin and wearing below-the-knee graduated compression stockings to minimize these risks.

Is it safe to go through airport security while pregnant?

The Travel Security Administration (TSA) assures pregnant people that the airport screening machines are safe because they don’t actually use X-rays. Most airport screening machines use nonionizing radiation , which has much less potential for harm. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) say that “most common exposures to nonionizing radiation are not considered hazardous to you or your unborn baby.” Even older X-ray backscatter scanners do not expose you to enough radiation to threaten the health of you or your baby.

If you’re still nervous, you can request a pat-down instead. And if you have trouble lifting your bags or taking your shoes off at any point in the process, ask a security officer for assistance.

How can I stay safe and comfortable while flying?

ACOG recommends wearing your seatbelt at all times during the flight. It can be fastened lower on your hip bones, below your belly. The seatbelt will help stabilize you in the event of turbulence.

Move your feet, toes and legs often. You may want to book an aisle seat so you can walk the length of the plane to improve your circulation on a longer flight. (And an aisle seat will help you reach the bathroom more easily!)

Avoid carbonated drinks before the flight. High altitudes make gas expand, which won’t exactly help your comfort level. But don’t avoid all beverages—drink lots of water to stay hydrated.

What problems should I watch for while flying?

Again, the likelihood of experiencing any pregnancy-related medical issues during flight is very low. But there are a few symptoms that may warrant a call to your doctor.

An ACOG ob-gyn said that regardless of whether you’re in the air or on the ground, “any bleeding, leaking fluid, abdominal pain or change in fetal activity should trigger a call to the doctor.”

Adding airline travel to the mix puts you at a slightly higher risk of blood clots in the legs or lungs. Major symptoms of blood clots include pain and swelling in the legs, particularly on one side. Chest pain, shortness of breath and a fast heart rate can also be symptoms.

If you notice these symptoms or notice a decrease in the baby’s movement, give your doctor a call.

Should I be worried about additional radiation exposure while flying?

ACOG’s guidebook says that you shouldn’t worry: “Radiation exposure increases at higher altitudes, but the level of exposure generally isn’t a concern for pregnant women. If you are a frequent flier, talk with your ob-gyn about how much flying is safe for you.”

Is airline travel more dangerous for pregnant people during the Covid-19 and monkeypox pandemics?

This is a tough question to answer, Dr. Borkowski says. Because pregnancy lowers immune function, slightly increasing the chances of a poor outcome from Covid-19, pregnant people are considered part of the “at-risk” population and should protect themselves by staying up-to-date on vaccinations and wearing a high quality mask. If you are not vaccinated, if you don’t have some sort of naturally acquired immunity or if you are traveling to areas where Covid transmission is high, you may want to think about how to keep your contact with other people limited, like renting a car rather than ride-sharing, dining outdoors or staying in a rental house rather than a big hotel with common areas.

“My advice would be to follow the recommendations from the CDC as well as those of their local physicians based on the Covid numbers in their region and in the region that they are planning to travel to,” Dr. Borkowski says.

As far as monkeypox, he said that it’s likely not a concern. The likelihood of “prolonged direct contact” with lesions is not likely to occur during airline travel.

Though there may be a few additional things to look out for, flying while pregnant shouldn’t keep you up at night. Chances are high that your trip will be smooth sailing.

So book that babymoon, attend a work conference or travel to visit relatives before the baby comes. “Enjoy your flight and the destination to which it takes you,” Dr. Borkowski says. “There is a wonderful world out there that should be explored and cherished!”

Rosie Colosi

Rosie Colosi writes books for curious kids and articles for parents who are counting the minutes until bedtime. Once upon a lifetime ago, she played Mrs. Claus in The Christmas Spectacular Starring The Radio City Rockettes , but now she mostly focuses on singing songs from  Annie  to her two little girls.

Flying While Pregnant? Check Out the Policies on 25 Global Airlines

In the absence of obstetric or medical complications, occasional air travel during pregnancy is generally safe, according to the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology  (ACOG). Like other travelers, pregnant women should use seat belts while seated. 

Most commercial airlines allow pregnant women to fly up to 36 weeks of gestation, with some restrictions on international flights. 

ACOG does not recommend air travel for pregnant women with medical or obstetric conditions that may be exacerbated by flight or that could require emergency care. It advises checking flight durations when planning travel and that the most common obstetric emergencies occur in the first and third trimesters.

Once aboard a flight, conditions including changes in cabin pressure and low humidity, coupled with the physiologic changes of pregnancy, do result in adaptations, including increased heart rate and blood pressure, reports ACOG. And those traveling on long-haul flights face the risks associated with immobilization and low cabin humidity. This can cause issues such as lower extremity edema and venous thrombotic events.

ACOG recommends preventive measures to minimize these risks, including the use of support stockings, regular movement of the lower extremities, avoid wearing restrictive clothing and encourage regular hydration. It also advises against consuming gas-producing foods or drinks before a flight.

Other ways for pregnant women to be comfortable on their flights include: booking a bulkhead seat for more legroom; reserving an aisle seat for easy access to lavatories and to walk; elevating your legs on a carry-on bag to avoid swelling and cramps; and wearing a layered, comfortable outfit for changing cabin temperatures.

Airlines around the world have different rules and regulations on when and how long pregnant women can fly. Below are the policies from 25 airlines around the world.

The French flag carrier does not require pregnant women to carry a medical certificate for travel during pregnancy. It recommends avoiding travel in the final month of pregnancy, as well as during the first seven days after delivery. The airline also recommends expecting mothers seek their doctor's opinion before traveling.

India’s flag carrier allows expectant mothers in good health to fly up to and including their 27th week of pregnancy. After 27 weeks, if the pregnancy is anticipated to be a normal delivery, an expectant mother will be accepted for travel up to the 35th week, but a medical certificate confirming the mother is fit to travel is required by an attending obstetrician and dated within three days of travel.

Air New Zealand

For single, uncomplicated pregnancies and clearance from a doctor or midwife women can take flights more than four hours up to the end of their 36th week. For flights under four hours, it's up to the end of the 40th week. Women pregnant with twins can fly more than four hours up to their 32nd week and less than four hours until the 36th week.

The airline recommends that women past their 28th week carry a letter from a doctor or midwife that says you are fit for travel, confirming your pregnancy dates and that there are no complications.

The airline's medical team must offer clearance for women experiencing the following: a complicated pregnancy, such as placenta previa or bleeding; a multiple pregnancy; a history of premature labor; or have begun the early stages of labor. 

Italy's flag carrier has no travel restrictions for expectant mothers during the first eight months of pregnancy. But if traveling within the last four weeks of pregnancy, expecting multiple births, or having a complicated pregnancy, medical clearance is required. Completion of a Medical Information Form, MEDIF , prior to travel and signed by both the passenger and doctor is required.

Alitalia advises pregnant not to fly seven days prior to and seven days after giving birth, or if there is a risk of a premature birth or other complications. It will make staff available to escort pregnant women from the airport check-in counter to the boarding gate. Staff onboard the flight will help stow carry-on luggage. Seats can be pre-assigned and women cannot sit in an exit row.

All Nippon Airways

The Japanese carrier requires women within 15 to 28 days of their due date to fill out and carry a medical information form . Women within 14 days of their due date are required to have a medical form and travel with a doctor. The form must indicate there are no complications of pregnancy, that the passenger has no health problems preventing them from flying and the due date. It must be completed by a doctor and submitted no more than seven days prior to departure.

American Airlines

The Fort Worth-based carrier has different rules for international and domestic flights. If a due date is within four weeks of a flight, you must provide a doctor’s certificate stating that you’ve been recently examined and you’re fit to fly. For domestic flights under five hours, pregnant women won’t be permitted to travel within seven days (before and after) their delivery date. Those who need travel within this timeframe will need approval from a physician and help from a special assistance coordinator . The pregnant woman's physician will be required to fill out a passenger medical form before a flight. A special assistance coordinator will send the form directly to your physician.

Clearance from a special assistance coordinator is required for international travel or travel over water. Within four weeks of a due date also requires a physician's note stating that you’ve been examined within the past 48 hours and you’re fit to fly. And seven days before or after delivery also requires a passenger medical form to be completed by your physician.

British Airways

The U.K. carrier does not allow pregnant women to fly after the end of the 36th week if you are pregnant with one baby or the end of the 32nd week if you are pregnant with more than one baby. While it isn't mandated, British Airways recommends all expecting mothers carry a confirmation from a doctor or midwife, such as a letter or certificate, in addition to your pregnancy record. It should be written within seven days prior to travel and confirm your approximate due date, that you're fit to travel and that there are no complications with your pregnancy.

Cathay Pacific

 Hong Kong's flag carrier requires that women with pregnancies after 28 weeks carry a medical certificate, dated within 10 days of travel that states the following: 

• single or multiple pregnancy
• estimated week of pregnancy
• expected due date 
• certifying you are in good health and the pregnancy is progressing normally, without complications
• that you are fit to travel

The airline accepts pregnant women with uncomplicated single pregnancies to travel up to 36 weeks and uncomplicated multiple pregnancies up to 32 weeks.

Delta Air Lines

The Atlanta-based carrier does not impose restrictions on flying for pregnant women, so a medical certificate is not required to travel. But the airline will not waive ticket change fees and penalties for pregnancy. The airline recommends that those flying after their eight month should check with their doctor to be sure travel is not restricted.

The U.K.-based airline has no restrictions for pregnant passengers traveling up to the end of the 35th week of single pregnancies and the end of the 32nd week for multiple pregnancies.

Pregnant women can travel up to their 29th week without a medical certificate. After that, they require a certificate or letter signed by a qualified doctor or midwife that states whether the pregnancy is single or multiple, is progressing without complications, includes an estimated due date, that you are in good health and there's no known reason to prevent you from flying. Pregnant passengers are not allowed to fly after the 32nd week of a multiple pregnancy, and after the 36th week of a single pregnancy.

This Abu Dhabi-based carrier allows women with single or multiple pregnancies to travel during the first 28 weeks without a medical certificate. For single pregnancies between 29 and 36 weeks, a medical certificate is required. After 37 weeks, pregnant women will not be allowed to travel. For multiple pregnancies, a certificate is required between the 29th and 32nd week; after that, women will not be allowed to travel.

The medical certificate must include the following: 

• Be issued and signed by a doctor or midwife
• Written on a clinic/hospital letterhead and/or stamped by the doctor or midwife
• State that the guest is fit to fly
• State if the pregnancy is single or multiple
• State the number of weeks of pregnancy and the Expected Date of Delivery 
• Easily understood and written in Arabic or English. Other languages are accepted but must be verified by Etihad Airways' check-in staff

The original medical certificate shall be accepted for the whole journey (originating, return and stopover flights), provided the above validity criteria is met for each sector. And it is valid for three weeks from the date of issue.

The New York-based carrier does not allow pregnant customers expecting to deliver within seven days to travel unless they provide a doctor's certificate dated no more than 72 hours prior to departure stating that the woman is physically fit for air travel to and from the destinations requested on the date of the flight and that the estimated date of delivery is after the date of the last flight.

The Dutch flag carrier recommends pregnant mothers not fly after the 36th week, along with the first week following delivery. For those expecting more than one baby, the carrier recommends consulting with a physician prior to flying. If you have had complications, you always need to have permission to fly from your physician.

Expectant mothers with complication-free pregnancies can fly on the German flag carrier until the end of the 36th week of pregnancy or up to four weeks before their expected due date without a medical certificate from a gynecologist. But the airline recommends that pregnant women beyond the 28th week have a current letter from a gynecologist that includes confirmation that the pregnancy is progressing without complications and the expected due date. The doctor should expressly state that the patient’s pregnancy does not prevent her from flying.

Because of the increased risk of thrombosis during pregnancy, the airline does recommend that expectant mothers wear compression stockings while flying.

Malaysia Airlines

The Malaysian flag carrier requires medical clearance for expectant mothers approaching 35 weeks for international travel or 36 weeks for domestic travel. If medical clearance is required, the MEDIF application form should be completed by a doctor and submitted to the airline through its ticketing offices or travel agents at least five working days before traveling.

Philippine Airlines

An expectant mother who is in normal health and with no pregnancy complications will be allowed to fly after filling out an EMIS form . Pregnant women may be accepted for travel if they are not beyond 35 weeks when they fill out Part One of the EMIS form. Those between 24 and 32 weeks of pregnancy will have to fill out EMIS Form Part 2. And if the expectant mother is below 21 years of age, the consent in writing of the husband, parent or guardian must be secured. For expectant mothers beyond 32 weeks of pregnancy, EMIS Part 3 must be accomplished by the Flight Surgeon or Company Physician, who shall issue the clearance for travel

After the 28th week, women are required to have a certificate or letter from a registered medical practitioner or registered midwife confirming the delivery date, whether it's a single or multiple pregnancy and that the pregnancy is routine.

For flights longer than four hours, women can fly up to the end of the 36th week for single pregnancies and the end of the 32nd week for multiple pregnancies. For flights under four hours, women can travel up to the end of the 40th week for single pregnancies and the end of the 36th week for multiple pregnancies. The carrier requires medical clearance  if there are pregnancy complications or it's not a routine pregnancy.

Qatar Airways

 No doctor's note is required for women traveling through their 28th week of pregnancy. Expectant mothers can fly between week 29 and week 32 with a doctor's note and a pregnancy with no complications. Those with a multiple pregnancy will need a doctor's note and a  Medical Information Form (MEDIF) . Between weeks 33 and 35, women will need a doctor's note and a MEDIF. The airline does not accept women in their 36th week and beyond.

 The low-cost Irish carrier allows expectant mothers to fly up to their 28th week of pregnancy. After that, the airline requires women to have a ‘fit to fly’ letter from their midwife or doctor. For an uncomplicated single pregnancy, travel is not permitted beyond the end of the 36th week of pregnancy, while the cut-off for an uncomplicated multiple pregnancy is 32 weeks. 

Singapore Airlines

For uncomplicated single pregnancies, the carrier restricts expectant mothers from travelling beyond the 36th week of pregnancy; for uncomplicated multiple pregnancies, the restriction is the 32nd week.

For uncomplicated single pregnancies between 29 weeks and 36 weeks, expectant mothers must provide a medical certificate stating the following: (1) fitness to travel, (2) number of weeks of pregnancy and (3) estimated date of delivery. The certificate should be dated within ten days of the date of the first flight exceeding 28 weeks of pregnancy. This certificate will have to be presented at check-in when requested.

Southwest Airlines

The Dallas-based carrier advises expectant mothers at any stage of pregnancy to consult with their physicians prior to air travel. The airline recommends against air travel beginning at the 38th week of pregnancy. It warns that in some cases, traveling by air has been known to cause complications or premature labor. Depending on their physical condition, strength, and agility, pregnant women may, in some cases, be asked not to sit in the emergency exit row.

Turkish Airlines

Turkey's flag carrier allows mothers pregnant with one child to travel between the 28th and 35th week if they have a doctor's report that includes the phrase, “There is no particular reason for the patient not to fly.” For women pregnant with more then one baby, the travel cut-off is the end of the 31st week with a doctor's report. The report has to be no more than seven days from the travel date. 

United Airlines

Any woman in the first 36 weeks of pregnancy will be allowed to travel on the Chicago-based carrier without medical documentation. An expectant mother traveling after the 36 weeks of pregnancy must have the original and two copies of an obstetrician’s certificate, which must be dated within 72 hours of a flight’s departure. The original certificate should be submitted to a United representative at check-in.

Virgin Atlantic

 The London-based airline allows travel without restrictions until the 28th week of pregnancy provided that you're free from complications to that point. The carrier asks pregnant mothers to inform its Special Assistance department so they can offer appropriate inflight health advice. Between the 28th and 36th weeks of pregnancy, a doctor's or midwife's certificate is required, stating that the passenger is safe for travel and the expected due date (32 weeks if carrying multiples in an uncomplicated pregnancy). Beyond the 36th week of pregnancy, travel is only permitted for medical/compassionate reasons and the pregnant passenger is required to be accompanied by a medical escort. This travel is subject to the approval of a Virgin Atlantic doctor.

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Travel During Pregnancy

As long as there are no identified complications or concerns with your pregnancy, it is generally safe to travel during your pregnancy. The ideal time to travel during pregnancy is the second trimester .  In most cases, you are past the morning sickness of the first trimester and several weeks from the third stage of pregnancy when you are more easily fatigued .

Is it safe to travel during pregnancy?

Traveling by air is considered safe for women while they are pregnant; however, the following ideas might make your trip safer and more comfortable.

• Most airlines allow pregnant women to travel through their eighth month. Traveling during the ninth month is usually allowed if there is permission from your health care provider.
• Most airlines have narrow aisles and smaller bathrooms, which makes it more challenging to walk and more uncomfortable when using the restroom. Because of potential turbulence that could shake the plane, make sure you are holding on to the seatbacks while navigating the aisle.
• You may want to choose an aisle seat which will allow you to get up more easily to reach the restroom or just to stretch your legs and back.
• Travel on major airlines with pressurized cabins and avoid smaller private planes. If you must ride in smaller planes, avoid altitudes above 7,000 feet.
• Although doubtful, the risk of DVT can be further reduced by wearing compression stockings.

The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and the International Air Travel Association recommend that expecting mothers in an uncomplicated pregnancy avoid travel from the 37th week of pregnancy through birth. Avoiding travel from 32 weeks through birth is recommended for women who have complicated pregnancies with risk factors for premature labor, such as mothers carrying multiples.

Risk factors that warrant travel considerations include the following:

• Severe anemia
• Cardiac disease
• Respiratory disease
• Recent hemorrhage
• Current or recent bone fractures

Traveling by Sea During Pregnancy

Traveling by sea is generally safe for women while they are pregnant; the motion of the boat may accentuate any morning sickness or make you feel nauseous all over again. There are a few considerations to make your trip safer and more comfortable:

• Check with the cruise line to ensure that there is a health care provider on board in case there are any pregnancy complications .
• Review the route and port-of-calls to identify if there is access to any medical facilities if needed.
• Make sure any medications for seasickness are approved for women who are pregnant and that there is no risk to the developing baby.
• Seasickness bands use acupressure points to help prevent upset stomach and maybe a good alternative to medication.

International Travel During Pregnancy

Traveling overseas has the same considerations that local or domestic travel has, but it also has additional concerns that you need to know about before making an international trip. The information below is provided to help you assess whether an international trip is good for you at this time:

• It is important to talk with your health care provider before you take a trip internationally to discuss safety factors for you and your baby.
• Discuss immunizations with your health care provider and carry a copy of your health records with you.
• With international travel, you may be exposed to a disease that is rare here in the United States but is common in the country you visit.
• Contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention at (800) 311-3435 or visit their website at www.cdc.gov to receive safety information along with immunization facts related to your travels.
• Diarrhea is a common concern when traveling overseas because you may not be used to the germs and organisms found in the food and water of other countries. This can lead to a problem of dehydration .

Here are some tips to avoid diarrhea and help keep you safe:

• Drink plenty of bottled water
• Used canned juices or soft drinks as alternatives
• Make sure the milk is pasteurized
• Avoid fresh fruits and vegetables unless they have been cooked or can be peeled (such as an orange or a banana)
• Make certain that all meat and fish has been cooked completely; if you are unsure, do not eat it

Travel Tips During Pregnancy

Whether you are going by car, bus, or train, it is generally safe to travel while you are pregnant; however, there are some things to consider that could make your trip safer and more comfortable.

• It is essential to buckle-up every time you ride in a car. Make sure that you use both the lap and shoulder belts for the best protection of you and your baby.
• Keep the airbags turned on. The safety benefits of the airbag outweigh any potential risk to you and your baby.
• Buses tend to have narrow aisles and small restrooms. This mode of transportation can be more challenging.  The safest thing is to remain seated while the bus is moving. If you must use the restroom, make sure to hold on to the rail or seats to keep your balance.
• Trains usually have more room to navigate and walk. The restrooms are usually small. It is essential to hold on to rails or seat backs while the train is moving.
• Try to limit the amount of time you are cooped up in the car, bus, or train. Keep travel time around five to six hours.
• Use rest stops to take short walks and to do stretches to keep the blood circulating.
• Dress comfortably in loose cotton clothing and wear comfortable shoes.
• Take your favorite pillow.
• Plan for plenty of rest stops, restroom breaks and stretches.
• Carry snack foods with you.
• If you are traveling any distance, make sure to carry a copy of your prenatal records.
• Enjoy the trip.

Want to Know More?

• How to Treat Jet Lag Naturally During Pregnancy

Compiled using information from the following sources:

1. Planning Your Pregnancy and Birth Third Ed. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Ch. 5. William’s Obstetrics Twenty-Second Ed. Cunningham, F. Gary, et al, Ch. 8.

2. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Air Travel and Pregnancy (Scientific Impact Paper No. 1), https://www.rcog.org/uk, May 22, 2013.

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Preparing for a newborn can feel like an exhilarating task; on the one hand, there’s a long-anticipated, already much-loved new arrival making an entrance into your life. On the other, getting yourself into a birthing headspace can feel like a marathon. I’ve already lost count of the amount of  stroller reviews , hypno-birthing manuals, crib catalogs, and paint samples I’ve flicked through in my quest for newborn nirvana. 

With that in mind, many couples are now opting to take a break from the organizational overload in the form of a  long-haul babymoon —a pre-birth couples vacation—as a way of spending those last special moments together as a family of two. And in fact, air travel can generally be considered  safe for most expectant mothers , with advice from your doctor recommended. 

“All pregnancies and mums have individual needs and varying circumstances,” says Marie Louise, midwife and author of  The Modern Midwife’s Guide To Pregnancy . “If mums have any health complications or are close to giving birth, travel should be very carefully considered. Otherwise, mums need a break—it’s good to enjoy and relax on your travels.”

Pregnancy can often feel like a long-haul adventure in itself, and whilst the thought of an extensive flight may not jump out at the top of your to-do list, there are ways to make that coveted trip—and any other air travel during pregnancy that comes up—more comfortable.

Below, I’ve curated an essential list for what to pack in your carry-on for air travel during pregnancy, based in part on my own experience traveling to Europe whilst expecting. 

Strategic carry-ons

A great place to start is your carry-on itself, as the right style can help not only to make your essentials more accessible, but the correct product can be re-used as a diaper bag once your pre-baby vacation is a distant happy memory. The key to  choosing the perfect carry-on is not only to be mindful of the airline guidelines set out around dimensions and weight restrictions, but to think from your own perspective about what will be easiest for you to carry. If back issues prevail—a common complaint during pregnancy—a stylish rucksack may be more suitable than a tote. And if you’re looking for post-pregnancy practicality, a duffel can tick that cross-functional box. 

Pregnancy support bands

Glamour takes a back seat with this essential, but your posture and ligaments will thank me later. If you’re flying internationally or just maneuvering your way through a large airport, you may face long walks between terminals, which can place strain on the lower back. Bump support bands are designed to help relieve the pressure that the additional weight of your bump is putting on your back, and therefore can make a sensible addition to your carry-on packing list. 

Anti-nausea pregnancy methods 

Not every foray into the world of parenthood is a smooth one, and unfortunately  nausea and sickness can play a starring role in pregnancy, especially in the early stages. My first 16 weeks of pregnancy were punctuated with frequent trips to the restroom, and with many flights taken during this time, I became accustomed to having to rely on a few tricks to see me through those difficult moments. 

Travel bands can be an excellent way to relieve pregnancy related nausea, and they’ve taken a high-tech turn in recent years. Hypnotherapy podcasts can also be a calming way to reduce feelings of sickness, and are best listened to with noise-canceling headphones and an eye mask . 

Hydrating skincare for expectant mothers 

Pregnancy can present some interesting  skincare dilemmas , with many people experiencing a change at some point across their nine months. Dry patches, oily T-zones, and acne outbreaks are all common complaints. To help skin stay hydrated when flying, there are many pregnancy-safe products out there which can help replenish and restore your skin's natural barrier. La Mer The Mist Facial Spray is a particular favorite of mine—easy to apply, super lightweight, and long-lasting. 

Travel pillows

During pregnancy, ligaments in the hips and back loosen in preparation for birth and this can often cause secondary strain across the top of the shoulders and neck which can be very uncomfortable for expectant mothers. If you’re traveling whilst pregnant, I recommend investing in a travel neck pillow , and packing your pregnancy pillow if you’re flying in a seat with a lie-flat bed. 

Compression socks

“During pregnancy, you are at an increased risk of developing a blood clot,” Louise says. “That’s why compression socks , hydration, and movement—walking, stretching, and circling ankles—is recommended.”

Again, it’s not the most glamorous addition to your carry-on, but this footwear is important nonetheless. Try to stretch your legs every hour or so if possible, with a walk down the aisle or some lower leg exercises. 

While packing a well-stocked carry-on will undoubtedly enhance your flying experience, there are other ways to ensure that you’re prepared for a relaxing trip. Here are my top three tips for flying while pregnant:

Food and beverage choices 

Whilst it’s unlikely you’ll be able to see the full on-board menu in advance, it’s often a good idea to pre-select your meal genre if you’re having  aversions or preferences during your pregnancy. Being able to rule out meat, dairy, or even opt for a lighter option may be preferable for some mothers-to-be. It could be worth packing a couple of extra snacks in your carry-on, just in case. I’ve been stashing ginger tea bags and plenty of dried fruit and nuts ( dried banana chips are a particular craving of mine) to see me through. 

The airport experience

Lounge access can not only be an enjoyable way to kick-off your vacation, it can also be a lifesaver for tired feet. Having access to a clean and comfortable restroom can also often be advantageous, so if your travel tickets don’t include a lounge as standard, it could be worth a  pay-for-access option to give you peace of mind that you’ll be spending time in a calm and restful environment before or in between flights. 

Your travel outfit

While a stylish airport look is always desirable, comfort should definitely reign supreme during this important period, since your body is already coping with so much. Activewear can provide comfort and support during long-haul travel, and there are  plenty of options out there. I look to brands like  Alo Yoga and  Lululemon for pieces that satisfy both the style and comfort stakes. 

Is it safe to travel while pregnant? Is it safe to fly?

Pregnancy is undoubtedly a very special stage that generally does not prevent a woman from traveling if the pregnancy is developing normally and without complications.

However, in the case of pregnant women, they should take into account a series of recommendations and guidelines to be followed so that the trip does not pose any risk to them or to the baby.

In any case, since each pregnancy is different, it is important to consult with the specialist before embarking on the trip. In this way, the obstetrician will be able to assure the woman that there are no problems and may even be able to give her some indication.

Provided below is an index with the 8 points we are going to expand on in this article.

• 1. Is it possible to travel during pregnancy?
• 2. When is travel during pregnancy contraindicated?
• 3. What is the best transportation for pregnant women?
• 3.1. Aircraft
• 3.4. Other transportation
• 4. Recommendations for travel during pregnancy
• 5. FAQs from users
• 5.1. Can you travel at 8 months pregnant?
• 5.2. Is it possible to travel or fly by plane in week 8 of pregnancy?
• 5.3. Is travel recommended during the 2WW?
• 5.4. Is it possible to travel if there is a threat of miscarriage?
• 6. Suggested for you
• 7. References
• 8. Authors and contributors

Is it possible to travel during pregnancy?

In general, if the pregnancy is developing normally (when there are no complications and it is not a risky pregnancy), the woman can travel pregnant. However, in order for the pregnant woman to travel more safely, it is advisable to plan the trip for the second trimester of pregnancy, between the 18th and 28th weeks.

In the first trimester, the risk of miscarriage is higher and, in addition, the pregnant woman may have typical first trimester discomfort such as nausea, dizziness... which will make traveling uncomfortable. On the other hand, in the third trimester of pregnancy, the main reason why travel is less advisable is the risk of premature delivery.

However, in the second trimester, the pregnant woman will have the energy to enjoy the trip and, surely, the increased volume of the belly will not yet hinder her mobility too much.

In any case, in addition to the gestation period, it is important to correctly choose the best means of transport to make that pregnant trip and, of course, pay close attention to whether the chosen destination is the most suitable to go during pregnancy. In addition, the specialist should always be consulted if there are any contraindications.

When is travel during pregnancy contraindicated?

As mentioned above, in a normal pregnancy a woman can travel during pregnancy. However, in circumstances such as the following, the specialist may recommend that the pregnant woman not travel:

• Date close to the FPP.
• Existence of complications or risky pregnancy .
• Unfavorable history of previous pregnancy.
• Multiple pregnancy .
• Arterial hypertension .
• Gestational diabetes .
• Severe anemia .
• Cardiac disease in the mother.

However, there may be other circumstances particular to the pregnant woman that may also make travel during pregnancy inadvisable, so always consult with the specialist if there is any inconvenience before starting to organize the trip.

What is the best transportation for pregnant women?

Not all means of transportation are equally comfortable and this difference can be even greater if you are traveling pregnant. Therefore, it is advisable to take some aspects into account if you are going to travel during pregnancy.

In addition, it is important to know the possible requirements for pregnant travelers of the company with which the trip is made.

Air travel is safe during pregnancy and is a good option for travel to destinations that are a considerable distance away. In general, there would be no impediment to air travel up to 36 weeks of gestation (32 weeks for multiple pregnancies) if the pregnancy is developing normally without complications.

In any case, the specialist should always be consulted about air travel, in case there are any contraindications.

Likewise, you should consult the possible requirements that the airline may have for pregnant women in terms of the week of gestation in which they are, if a medical certificate is necessary to fly or the existence of specific requirements for pregnant women with flights to international destinations.

As a recommendation, you should carry in your carry-on baggage your pregnancy documentation, a change of clothes and anything else you consider important, in case you lose your checked baggage.

The high-speed train is one of the most comfortable ways to travel during pregnancy. The seats are comfortable , the pregnant woman can walk freely in the aisles during the trip to reduce the risk of blood clots, and she can easily go to the bathroom.

However, care should be taken with trains that cover shorter distances and have a lot of rattling, as they may be particularly uncomfortable for pregnant women.

Traveling in a pregnant car is a comfortable option for short trips and, especially, if the woman is the co-driver and someone else is driving. There is a certain time during pregnancy when a woman will not be able to drive because of the size of her belly, which will lead her to move the seat away from the steering wheel to maintain a safe distance and, perhaps, she will no longer be able to reach the pedals. In addition, during the last months of pregnancy, it is recommended not to drive.

However, if the pregnant woman is the copilot, she can perform ankle movements (flexion and extension) between stops, which will reduce the risk of blood clots. Even so, it is recommended to stop every two hours at the most to be able to walk for a few minutes and go to the bathroom.

Finally, it is advisable to avoid roads that are in poor condition or dangerous, as well as, of course, violent driving.

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Other transportation

During pregnancy, traveling by boat may be less advisable than by other means of transportation (such as train) because the pregnant woman may experience motion sickness and nausea with the swaying of the waves.

In case of sailing, it is important to make sure that there is medical service on board and possible special requirements for pregnant women such as a medical certificate.

The bus is also not highly recommended for travel during pregnancy. Seat space is limited, buses often do not have toilets and pregnant women cannot get up to walk down the aisle (they will have to do exercises to move their legs and flex and extend their ankles in the seat itself). In addition, the stops are fixed and limited.

Recommendations for travel during pregnancy

The following is a list of recommendations that pregnant women should take into account in order to travel comfortably and safely:

• Consult with the obstetrician about the convenience of making the trip.
• Try to travel accompanied .
• Maintain all safety measures during the trip. For example, the correct use of seat belts in transportation such as cars and airplanes is important.
• Hydrate frequently and carry a healthy snack.
• Avoid foods that may cause gas and carbonated beverages, especially if traveling by plane.
• Always wear sunscreen , even when it is not summer.
• Walking frequently (every hour) for several minutes, either in the aisle of the plane, train or making stops if traveling by car. This will help reduce the risk of blood clots in the lower extremities. Flexing and extending the ankles between walks or if there is no possibility of walking, for example, on a bus.
• Choose seats that are next to the aisle and near the restroom, whenever possible, when traveling by plane or train.
• Wear comfortable and loose-fitting clothing , avoiding tight-fitting garments. Footwear should also be comfortable.

• Do not carry weight .
• Do not take medication , for example for dizziness, if you have not previously consulted with the specialist that it is safe to do so in pregnancy.
• Check that the trip does not coincide with a prenatal control visit . In such a case, the trip or consultation must be rescheduled or, especially if the trip is a long one, arrangements must be made to carry out the consultation at the destination.
• Search for a hospital at the destination where they can attend to medical emergencies of pregnancy. In addition, all medical documentation should be carried at all times in case of unforeseen circumstances.
• Assess whether medical insurance or travel insurance is necessary.
• Find out if any vaccinations are required to travel to the destination of your choice and, if necessary, check with the specialist that it is safe to have them during pregnancy. Usually, this type of vaccinations to travel to more exotic places are not compatible with pregnancy, so it would be advisable to avoid this type of destinations during pregnancy.
• Do not travel to areas with active outbreaks of infectious diseases .
• Take special care with food and with the hygienic measures of water and food, due to the possible transmission of diseases.

The most important thing is to rest and enjoy the trip while pregnant. It is not advisable to finish exhausted and, especially, if it is hot.

FAQs from users

Can you travel at 8 months pregnant.

Long journeys at such an advanced gestational age are not advisable, not only due to the risks associated for both the mother and the fetus, but just because of the number of discomforts for the pregnant woman.

Most airlines require pregnant women to present a medical certificate stating that she is in good condition for traveling. In any case, whether you are traveling by plane or not, you should ask your doctor previously.

Is it possible to travel or fly by plane in week 8 of pregnancy?

Yes, in principle, there is no problem in taking a trip, whether by car, train or plane, at this stage of pregnancy.

Women who decide to go sightseeing during their pregnancy should be careful to stay well hydrated and take as many breaks as necessary to avoid fatigue.

Is travel recommended during the 2WW?

There is no problem in going away for a few days to relax, whenever it is without getting too tired or making great efforts. In case of nausea, a long car trip can increase the anxiety and cause vomiting.

Is it possible to travel if there is a threat of miscarriage?

Many specialists advise pregnant women who are in a situation of threatened miscarriage not to travel, at least until this dangerous situation has passed.

Suggested for you

In this article you can read more information about driving while pregnant: Driving pregnant: posture and seat belts .

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ACOG Committee Opinion No. 443: Air travel during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Oct;114(4):954. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181bd1325. PMID: 19888065. ( View )

Cannegieter SC, Rosendaal FR. Pregnancy and travel-related thromboembolism. Thromb Res. 2013 Jan;131 Suppl 1:S55-8. doi: 10.1016/S0049-3848(13)70023-9. PMID: 23452744. ( View )

Coffey CH, Casper LM, Reno EM, Casper SJ, Hillis E, Klein DA, Schlein SM, Keyes LE. First-Trimester Pregnancy: Considerations for Wilderness and Remote Travel. Wilderness Environ Med. 2023 Jun;34(2):201-210. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2022.12.001. Epub 2023 Feb 25. PMID: 36842861. ( View )

Freedman DO, Chen LH. Vaccines for International Travel. Mayo Clin Proc. 2019 Nov;94(11):2314-2339. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.02.025. PMID: 31685156. ( View )

Hagmann SHF, Rao SR, LaRocque RC, Erskine S, Jentes ES, Walker AT, Barnett ED, Chen LH, Hamer DH, Ryan ET; Global TravEpiNet Consortium and the Boston Area Travel Medicine Network. Travel Characteristics and Pretravel Health Care Among Pregnant or Breastfeeding U.S. Women Preparing for International Travel. Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Dec;130(6):1357-1365. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002360. PMID: 29112671; PMCID: PMC5909816. ( View )

Jones CA, Chan C. Bon voyage: an update on safe travel in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2014 Dec;36(12):1101-1106. doi: 10.1016/S1701-2163(15)30389-3. PMID: 25668047. ( View )

Ram S, Shalev-Ram H, Neuhof B, Shlezinger R, Shalev-Rosental Y, Chodick G, Yogev Y. Air travel during pregnancy and the risk of venous thrombosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2023 Jan;5(1):100751. doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022.100751. Epub 2022 Sep 15. PMID: 36115570. ( View )

Shalev Ram H, Ram S, Miller N, Rosental YS, Chodick G. Air travel during pregnancy and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes as gestational age and weight at birth: A retrospective study among 284,069 women in Israel between the years 2000 to 2016. PLoS One. 2020 Feb 6;15(2):e0228639. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228639. PMID: 32027691; PMCID: PMC7004371. ( View )

Vouga M, Chiu YC, Pomar L, de Meyer SV, Masmejan S, Genton B, Musso D, Baud D, Stojanov M. Dengue, Zika and chikungunya during pregnancy: pre- and post-travel advice and clinical management. J Travel Med. 2019 Dec 23;26(8):taz077. doi: 10.1093/jtm/taz077. PMID: 31616923; PMCID: PMC6927317. ( View )

Ziegler CC. Travel-related illness. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2013 Jun;25(2):333-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2013.02.015. Epub 2013 Apr 2. PMID: 23692948. ( View )

FAQs from users: 'Can you travel at 8 months pregnant?' , 'Is it possible to travel or fly by plane in week 8 of pregnancy?' , 'Is travel recommended during the 2WW?' and 'Is it possible to travel if there is a threat of miscarriage?' .

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Privacy Overview

Air travel and pregnancy

Published: May 2015

Please note that this information will be reviewed every 3 years after publication.

Updated: May 2022

This information is for you if you are pregnant and are thinking of travelling by air.

This information is for you if you are pregnant and are thinking of travelling by air. It may also be helpful if you are a partner, relative or friend of someone in this difficult situation.

The information is relevant for short haul (under four hours), medium and long haul (over four hours) flights.

If you are a member of a flight crew or you fly frequently as part of your work, you should seek additional advice from your occupational health department concerning your own situation.

The information here aims to help you better understand your health and your options for treatment and care. Your healthcare team is there to support you in making decisions that are right for you. They can help by discussing your situation with you and answering your questions.

Within this information we may use the terms ‘woman’ and ‘women’. However, it is not only people who identify as women who may want to access this information. Your care should be personalised, inclusive and sensitive to your needs whatever your gender identity.

A glossary of medical terms is available at  A-Z of medical terms .

• Occasional air travel during pregnancy is not harmful for you or your baby as long as you are having an uncomplicated pregnancy
• Long flights may increase your chance of developing a blood clot. There are things you can do to reduce your chance of this happening.
• It is important to check the healthcare facilities that are available at your destination, in case you need any emergency care.

If your pregnancy is straightforward, flying is not harmful for you or your baby:

• If you have a straightforward pregnancy and are healthy, there is no evidence that the changes in air pressure and/or the decrease in humidity have a harmful effect on you or your baby.
• There is no evidence that flying will cause miscarriage, early labour or your waters to break.

Anyone who flies is exposed to a slight increase in radiation. Occasional flights are not considered to present a risk to you or your baby

When you are pregnant, the safest time to fly is:

• Before 37 weeks, if you are carrying one baby. From 37 weeks of pregnancy you could go into labour at any time, which is why many women choose not to fly after this time.
• Before 32 weeks, if you are carrying an uncomplicated twin pregnancy.

It is important to know that most obstetric emergencies happen in the first and third trimester .

Most airlines do not allow women to fly after 37 weeks. It is important that you check with your airline before flying. It may also be more difficult to get travel insurance after 37 weeks.

Some pregnant women may experience discomfort during flying. You may have:

• swelling of your legs due to fluid retention (oedema)
• nasal congestion/problems with your ears – during pregnancy you are more likely to have a blocked nose and, combined with this, the changes in air pressure in the plane can also cause you to experience problems in your ears
• pregnancy sickness – if you experience motion sickness during the flight, it can make your sickness worse.

A DVT is a blood clot that forms in your leg or pelvis. If it travels to your lungs (pulmonary embolism) it can be life threatening. When you are pregnant and for up to six weeks after the birth of your baby, you have a higher risk of developing a DVT compared with women who are not pregnant (for more information please see the RCOG patient information Reducing the risk of venous thrombosis in pregnancy and after birth.

There is an increased risk of developing a DVT while flying, due to sitting for a prolonged length of time. The risk of a DVT increases with the length of the flight. Your risk is also increased if you have additional risk factors such as a previous DVT or you are overweight. Your midwife or doctor will be able to check your individual risk.

If you are taking a short haul flight (less than four hours), it is unlikely that you will need to take any special measures. Your midwife or doctor should give you an individual risk assessment for venous thrombosis and advice for your own situation.

To minimise the risk of a DVT on a medium or a long haul flight (over four hours), you should:

• wear loose clothing and comfortable shoes
• try to get an aisle seat and take regular walks around the plane
• do in-seat exercises every 30 minutes or so – the airline should give you information on these
• have cups of water at regular intervals throughout your flight
• cut down on drinks that contain alcohol or caffeine (coffee, fizzy drinks)
• wear graduated elastic compression stockings – your midwife or doctor will need to provide the correct size and type for you as they are different from standard flight socks.

If you have other risk factors for a DVT, regardless of the length of your flight, you may be advised to have heparin injections. These will thin your blood and help prevent a DVT. A heparin injection should be taken on the day of the flight and daily for a few days afterward. For security reasons, you will need a letter from your doctor to enable you to carry these injections onto the plane.

Low-dose aspirin does not appear to reduce the risk of a DVT but you should continue to take it if it has been prescribed for another reason.

A medical condition or health problem can complicate your pregnancy and put you and your baby at risk. For this reason, if any of the following apply, you may be advised not to fly:

• You are at increased risk of going into labour before your due date.
• You have severe anaemia. This is when the level of red blood cells in your blood is lower than normal. Red blood cells contain the iron-rich pigment haemoglobin, which carries oxygen around your body.
• You have sickle cell disease (a condition which affects red blood cells) and you have recently had a sickle crisis.
• You have recently had significant vaginal bleeding.
• You have a serious condition affecting your lungs or heart that makes it very difficult for you to breathe.

It is important that you discuss any health issues or pregnancy complications with your midwife or doctor before you fly. If have an increased chance of miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy, ask for an ultrasound scan for reassurance before you fly.

Be aware that the unexpected can happen while travelling which could delay your return home. Some airlines may not allow you to fly if you have fractured a bone, have a middle ear or a sinus infection or have recently had surgery to your abdomen that involved your bowel, such as having your appendix removed.

To help decide whether or not to fly, think about your own medical history and any increased risks that you may have. The following questions may also help you in making your decision:

• Why do you want to fly at this particular time?
• Is your flight necessary?
• How long is your flight? Will this increase your risk of medical problems?
• Your chance of going into labour is higher the further you are in pregnancy.
• It is also important to remember that having a miscarriage, whether you fly or not, is common (one in five) in the first three months of pregnancy.
• What are the medical facilities at your destination in the event of an unexpected complication with your pregnancy?
• Have you had all the relevant immunisations and/or medication for the country you are travelling to? Have you checked with your doctor about how these affect your pregnancy?
• Does your travel insurance cover pregnancy and/or care for your newborn baby if you give birth unexpectedly? There is huge variation among airlines and travel insurance policies so it is worth checking before you decide to fly.
• Have you discussed your travel plans with your midwife and informed them that you are thinking about taking a medium or long haul flight?
• If you are over 28 weeks pregnant, your airline may ask you to get a letter from your midwife or doctor stating when your baby is due and confirming that you are in good health, are having a straightforward pregnancy, and are not at an increased risk of complications.
• Any document needed to confirm your due date and that you are fit to fly. Some airlines have their own forms/documents that will need to be completed at any stage of pregnancy. Contact your airline if you are unsure.

If you are travelling to Europe, it is recommended that you apply for a European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) or Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC). This will allow you to access routine healthcare at a reduced cost, or for free. For more information on what the card covers and how to apply, see the GOV.UK website.   .

You will have to go through the normal security checks before flying. This is not considered to be a risk to you or your baby.

You must wear a seatbelt. You should ensure the strap of your seatbelt is reasonably tightly fastened across the top of your thighs and then under your bump. Ask the cabin crew if you need a seatbelt extension.

Any pregnant woman has a small chance of going into labour early or for her waters to break early. If this happens to you on a flight, there is no guarantee that other passengers or crewmembers will be trained and experienced to help you give birth safely. As a result, the pilot may have to divert the flight to get help for you.

Flying while you are pregnant can be stressful. If you are feeling anxious or worried in any way, please speak to your healthcare team who can answer your questions and help you get support. The support may come from healthcare professionals, voluntary organisations or other services. Further information and resources are available on the NHS website:

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stress-anxiety-depression/

Further information

• RCOG Scientific Impact Paper Air Travel and Pregnancy
• Tommy’s website: https://www.tommys.org/

If you are asked to make a choice, you may have lots of questions that you want to ask. You may also want to talk over your options with your family or friends. It can help to write a list of the questions you want answered and take it to your appointment.

Ask 3 Questions

To begin with, try to make sure you get the answers to  3 key questions , if you are asked to make a choice about your healthcare:

• What are my options?
• What are the pros and cons of each option for me?
• How do I get support to help me make a decision that is right for me?

*Ask 3 Questions is based on Shepherd et al. Three questions that patients can ask to improve the quality of information physicians give about treatment options: A cross-over trial. Patient Education and Counselling, 2011;84:379-85  

• https://aqua.nhs.uk/resources/shared-decision-making-case-studies/

Sources and acknowledgments

This information has been developed by the RCOG Patient Information Committee. It is based on the RCOG Scientific Impact Paper Air Travel and Pregnancy (May 2013), which contains a full list of the sources of evidence we have used. You can find it online here .

This information was reviewed before publication by women attending clinics in London, the Channel Isles and Northern Ireland, and by the RCOG Women’s Voices Involvement Panel.

A glossary of all medical terms is available on the RCOG website at: www.rcog.org.uk/womens-health/patientinformation/medical-terms-explained .

Please give us feedback by completing our feedback survey:

• Members of the public – patient information feedback
• Healthcare professionals – patient information feedback

Travelling in pregnancy

With the proper precautions such as travel insurance, most women can travel safely well into their pregnancy.

Wherever you go, find out what healthcare facilities are at your destination in case you need urgent medical attention. It's a good idea to take your maternity medical records (sometimes called handheld notes) with you so you can give doctors the relevant information if necessary.

Find out more about getting healthcare abroad .

Make sure your travel insurance covers you for any eventuality, such as pregnancy-related medical care during labour, premature birth and the cost of changing the date of your return trip if you go into labour .

When to travel in pregnancy

Some women prefer not to travel in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy because of  nausea and vomiting and feeling very tired during these early stages. The risk of  miscarriage is also higher in the first 3 months, whether you're travelling or not.

Travelling in the final months of pregnancy can be tiring and uncomfortable. So, many women find the best time to travel or take a holiday is in mid-pregnancy, between 4 and 6 months.

Flying in pregnancy

Flying isn't harmful to you or your baby, but discuss any health issues or pregnancy complications with your midwife or doctor before you fly.

The chance of going into labour is naturally higher after  37 weeks (around 32 weeks if you're carrying twins), and some airlines won't let you fly towards the end of your pregnancy. Check with the airline for their policy on this.

After week 28 of pregnancy, the airline may ask for a letter from your doctor or midwife confirming your due date, and that you are not at risk of complications. You may have to pay for the letter and wait several weeks before you get it.

Long-distance travel (longer than 4 hours) carries a small risk of blood clots (deep vein thrombosis (DVT)) . If you fly, drink plenty of water and move about regularly – every 30 minutes or so. You can buy a pair of graduated compression or support stockings from the pharmacy, which will help reduce leg swelling.

Travel vaccinations when you're pregnant

Most vaccines that use live bacteria or viruses aren't recommended during pregnancy because of concerns that they could harm the baby in the womb.

However, some live travel vaccines may be considered during pregnancy if the risk of infection outweighs the risk of live vaccination. Ask your GP or midwife for advice about specific travel vaccinations. Non-live (inactivated) vaccines are safe to use in pregnancy.

Malaria tablets

Some anti-malaria tablets aren't safe to take in pregnancy so ask your GP for advice.

Zika virus is mainly spread by mosquitoes found in some parts of the world. For most people it's mild and not harmful, but can cause problems if you're pregnant.

If you are pregnant, it is not recommended to travel to parts of the world where the Zika virus is present, such as parts of:

• South and Central America
• the Caribbean
• the Pacific islands

Check before you travel

It's important to check the risk for the country you're going to before you travel.

Find out more about the Zika virus risk in specific countries on the Travel Health Pro website

Car travel in pregnancy

It's best to avoid long car journeys if you're pregnant. However, if it can't be avoided, make sure you stop regularly and get out of the car to stretch and move around.

You can also do some exercises in the car (when you're not driving), such as flexing and rotating your feet and wiggling your toes. This will keep the blood flowing through your legs and reduce any stiffness and discomfort. Wearing compression stockings while on long car journeys (more than 4 hours) can also increase the blood flow in your legs and help prevent blood clots.

Tiredness and dizziness are common during pregnancy so it's important on car journeys to drink regularly and eat natural, energy-giving foods, such as fruit and nuts.

Keep the air circulating in the car and wear your seatbelt with the cross strap between your breasts and the lap strap across your pelvis under your bump, not across your bump.

Road accidents are among the most common causes of injury in pregnant women. If you have to make a long trip, don't travel on your own. You could also share the driving with your companion.

Sailing in pregnancy

Ferry companies have their own restrictions and may refuse to carry heavily pregnant women (often beyond 32 weeks on standard crossings and 28 weeks on high-speed crossings ). Check the ferry company's policy before you book.

For longer boat trips, such as cruises, find out if there are onboard facilities to deal with pregnancy and medical services at the docking ports.

Food and drink abroad in pregnancy

Take care to avoid food- and water-borne conditions, such as stomach upsets and travellers' diarrhoea . Some medicines for treating stomach upsets and travellers' diarrhoea aren't suitable during pregnancy.

Always check if tap water is safe to drink. If in doubt, drink bottled water. If you get ill, keep hydrated and continue eating for the health of your baby, even if you're not hungry.

Find out about a healthy diet in pregnancy , and foods to avoid in pregnancy .

Page last reviewed: 17 August 2022 Next review due: 17 August 2025

What To Know About Rights As A Pregnant Airline Passenger

W hen it comes to traveling with an extra passenger in "uter-tow," there's a lot that passengers need to be aware of. With airlines cracking down more and more on what passengers can or cannot do on an aircraft, it's vital that you know your rights as a pregnant passenger before you take to the skies.

There are some more obvious pieces of advice, like pre-boarding if needed, as well as some lesser-considered advice, like needing health certificates in order to fly. Particularly if you've never flown as a pregnant person, these are essential tips — especially since you aren't allowed to fly at a certain point in your pregnancy unless you have the okay from a doctor.

Never forget that if you are traveling for work, you can always refuse to fly. Business-minded folks sometimes forget that pregnancy is a life-altering situation long before the baby enters the world. So if you aren't comfortable flying, or if flying is just a really uncomfortable time for you, feel free to use that magic word.

Read more: Tips For Making Road Trips With Your Newborn Less Stressful

You Can Opt Out Of TSA Scanners

The TSA assures pregnant passengers that whole-body scanners are safe for fetuses. These security scanners do not use X-ray technology, so you don't need to be overly cautious when approaching them. All the same, many pregnant folks aren't comfortable using them, and that's totally okay — you do not have to go into a scanner. You can always opt out and ask for a pat-down instead.

Regular metal detectors and handheld scanners at airports are also safe for pregnant people to use as well. You can still ask for a physical pat-down instead of these options too. Don't forget that you can ask for privacy if you're uncomfortable doing the pat-down in public. Although TSA can be intimidating, the staff do want you to be as comfortable as you can be, particularly if you're doing what you think is best for your mini fellow traveler.

Pre-Board If You Need More Time

When planes begin boarding, the pre-boarding announcement for folks who need more time to get to their seats can apply to you as a pregnant passenger. Feel free to pre-board if you need some extra time to settle in. Or you could board at the last minute to let yourself walk around as much as possible to reduce any leg swelling.

Remember that unless you have small children with you, you may not be able to pre-board with your partner. You may be able to pre-board with your partner; however, most airlines will only let the individual who needs the pre-boarding accommodation board unless they need that second individual to come along.

Pre-boarding is also a good idea if you are alone and may need assistance with your carry-on luggage. Your ever-attentive flight crew will be happy to help hoist a bag into the overhead bin or help get you comfortably seated. The rush to get your stuff stowed and be seated during boarding is hectic enough without considering a pregnant belly and the restrictions it brings.

Most Airlines Allow Up To 36 Weeks Of Gestation

Every airline can have its own standard for when pregnant women are no longer permitted to fly or need medical clearance before doing so. However, the general rule of thumb is up to 36 weeks pregnant. Passengers over 36 weeks pregnant could risk adverse effects if they fly too far into their pregnancy.

Not every pregnant person is cleared to fly at every stage of pregnancy, either. If you have any medical conditions that are exacerbated by flying, it's a good idea to try and avoid air travel during your pregnancy for your safety as well as that of your fetus(es). Avoiding air travel is particularly important for anyone with a history of pregnancy-induced blood pressure issues.

When flying, regardless of how far along you are, you also want to try and keep your seatbelt on at all times. Because turbulence is unpredictable, it's better to be safe than sorry with a tagalong passenger. To safely wear the belt, you want it below your belly.

You May Need Documentation

Although the general rule is to allow passengers up to 36 weeks pregnant for single babies and 32 weeks for multiples, they will likely need proper documentation. To be on the safe side, you should bring proof of your gestational age any time you travel. Let's be honest: It can be really difficult, if not impossible, to pinpoint the pregnancy range of a stranger.

When you're in your last trimester of pregnancy, you're going to need a medical information form (MEDIF) in order to fly. This document can be obtained within 10 days of your flight and submitted to your airline before flying. Give your airline at least 48 hours with your document before check-in.

You can also have a Doctor's Diagnostic Statement confirming that you are fit to fly before air travel. This document verifies your due date and will help prevent you from being denied boarding the aircraft or even being denied entry to another country if you are traveling internationally. Destination countries have different standards for pregnant travelers, so be sure to check with local requirements before going abroad.

Ask For What You Need On Board

Every pregnancy is different for everyone. Airlines will do their best to accommodate what you need for your comfort and safety on the plane. Do you need a seatbelt extender or extra sick bags? Don't be afraid to advocate for yourself when in the sky or as you board. Remember our advice about wearing the belt below your belly even if you don't think you'll need a seatbelt extender. That may change how much belt length you need.

That also extends to your fellow passengers. While you can't force anyone to help you out or do you a favor, it doesn't hurt to ask. Are you feeling more nauseous than usual and want to be closer to the bathroom? Ask your rowmate at the end if they're willing to switch places with you. Need help taking your bag out of the overhead bin or getting it up there? Ask a fellow passenger if they're able to help you. Although the internet captures some bizarre in-flight meltdowns , the average passenger is still more caring than the web gives them credit for.

You May Get Upgraded (But Don't Assume You Will)

Airline status or not, pregnant folks are more likely to get upgraded when airlines are making choices about free in-flight upgrades . While this is a courtesy that can happen, don't assume it will happen for you when you fly. That said, you're more likely to get upgraded when you have a higher airline loyalty status than if you aren't part of their program at all.

If you don't want to take the chance of hoping you'll be upgraded, you can try to get an upgrade strategically. Keep an eye on seat upgrade prices which can sometimes dip after purchase, or even changing flights can offer a free or deeply discounted seat in a higher fare class.

An upgrade can also be as simple as getting a better seat. Economy plus seats, for example, do offer a bit more room than traditional economy seating. Getting moved to that part of the plane will still be more comfortable than a standard seat, so that is an upgrade even if you don't get bumped from economy to first class.

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Is air travel in pregnancy safe?

QUESTION How should I advise the increasing number of my pregnant patients who need to fly as part of their jobs?

ANSWER Overall, existing data do not confirm increased reproductive risks for otherwise healthy pregnant women traveling by air. Pregnant women with specific medical conditions that might be exacerbated by a hypoxic environment, such as respiratory and cardiac diseases, should avoid flying, as should women at risk for preterm labour and those with placental pathologies.

RÉSUMÉ

QUESTION Quels conseils devrais-je donner au nombre grandissant de mes patientes enceintes qui doivent prendre l’avion pour les besoins du travail?

RÉPONSE Dans l’ensemble, les données actuelles ne confirment pas de risques accrus, sur le plan de la reproduction, causés par les voyages en avion pour les femmes enceintes autrement en bonne santé. Les femmes enceintes ayant des problèmes médicaux spécifiques susceptibles d’être exacerbés par un environnement hypoxique, comme des maladies respiratoires ou cardiaques, devraient éviter de prendre l’avion, tout comme celles à risque d’un travail prématuré ou ayant des pathologies placentaires.

Air travel has become an important part of modern life. Many more women are now employed in jobs that involve frequent flying, and, in fact, most flight attendants are women of reproductive age. In parallel, with the average age of starting a family steadily increasing, many more pregnant women have medical conditions that might be exacerbated by air travel.

Naturally, the most compelling studies on reproductive risks originate from research in flight attendants. In a cross-sectional survey among current and former flight attendants, Lauria et al 1 did not detect higher rates of miscarriage associated with active work. They did, however, find higher rates of menstrual irregularities among current flight attendants and 60% higher rates of infertility. 1 The lack of risk of spontaneous abortions was corroborated by others. 2 However, flight attendants who experienced spontaneous abortions reported working substantially more flight hours (74 hours per month) than did flight attendants who had live births (64 hours per month). 2 These data suggest that the occasional flight among healthy pregnant women should not be a concern. 3 In contrast, women at higher risk for spontaneous abortions might want to limit their flights.

Pregnancy is associated with increased risk of thromboembolic disease, as is air travel; therefore, their combination has been an area of concern. 4 Common advice includes prophylactic mobilization, fluid intake, leg exercises, and use of prophylactic acetylsalicylic acid and compression stockings in the first trimester of pregnancy. 4

Freeman et al 5 addressed potential risks in late pregnancy; they retrospectively analyzed a pilot cohort of women giving birth to singleton, nonanomalous fetuses. Air travel was not associated with birth weight, shorter gestation, rate of vaginal bleeding, preterm delivery, preeclampsia, or neonatal intensive care admission. There were no thromboembolic events in any of the 118 pregnant air travelers. 5

The management of pregnant women who suffer from serious medical or obstetric conditions needs to be individualized. Hypoxia in the cabin might put pregnant women with unstable angina, congestive heart failure, or chronic pulmonary conditions at risk. 6 The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists advises that pregnant air travelers with medical problems that might be exacerbated by a hypoxic environment who must travel be prescribed supplemental oxygen in flight. 3

As a matter of common sense, women at risk of preterm delivery or those suffering from placental pathology should avoid flying in late pregnancy.

Canadian airline rules for pregnant travelers

Air Canada and Air Canada Jazz. A woman with a normal pregnancy and no previous history of premature labour may travel up to and including her 36th week. (Visit www.aircanada.com/en/travelinfo/before/youngtravellers/infant-child.html . )

Air Transat. Up to 35 weeks of pregnancy, pregnant women may travel without restriction; from 36 to 38 weeks, they must present doctors’ certificates issued 24 hours before departure. From 39 weeks and on, pregnant travelers may not travel on any Air Transat flight. (Visit www.airtransat.com/en/4_2_2.asp .)

CanJet Airlines. Pregnant women past 36 weeks of pregnancy require doctors’ certificates that authorize travel and state travel dates. (Visit www.canjet.com/en_travel_policies.aspx?ID=6 . )

Canadian Affair. Between 28 and 33 weeks of pregnancy, women may fly only with up-to-date doctors’ letters that confirm both the stage of pregnancy and fitness to fly; beyond 34 weeks, women may not fly. (Visit www.canadianaffair.com/en/useful_info/detail/health.asp#H3 . )

Porter. Pregnant women at 36 to 38 weeks of pregnancy may fly with doctors’ notes written 24 hours before departure; after 38 weeks, pregnant women are not allowed to fly. (Visit www.flyporter.com/en/faq_travelinformation.aspx? .)

Skyservice. Up to 35 weeks of pregnancy, pregnant women may travel without restriction; between 36 and 39 weeks of pregnancy, they may only travel with doctors’ notes that are dated less than 24 hours before date of departure. After 39 weeks, pregnant women may not travel. (Visit www.skyserviceairlines.com/eng/airline/planningyourtrip/planningyourtrip.specialhandling.asp#pregnant . )

WestJet. Women at any stage of pregnancy are welcome to fly. Women past 32 weeks of pregnancy must consult their physicians to ensure the seat belt will not compromise the pregnancy and to obtain written confirmation to state that it is acceptable for them to travel. (Visit http://c3dsp.westjet.com/guest/travelTips.jsp;jsessionid=GMTMZJkJT32GNgkLhp9nJMJl142lVnpXBFlmgWVy3WJvwZLmv2BK#specialneeds . )

Competing interests

None declared

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Alaska Airlines briefly grounds flights due to technical issue

SEATTLE -- Alaska Airlines briefly grounded all flights Wednesday due to a technical issue.

The Seattle-based airline said in a statement it requested a ground stop for all Alaska and Horizon air flights out of an abundance of caution after it "experienced an issue while performing an upgrade to the system that calculates our weight and balance."

The ground stop lasted from about 7:30 a.m. to 8:30 a.m. Pacific time, when flights began resuming. The airline said it expected residual delays throughout the day and recommended that travelers check their flight status before heading to the airport.

The grounding came as Senate committees held dual hearings Wednesday examining allegations of major safety failures at Boeing , which has been pushed into crisis mode since a door-plug panel blew off a 737 Max jetliner during an Alaska Airlines flight in January.

MORE | Boeing whistleblower testimony to congress: 'They are putting out defective airplanes'

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Hamad International Airport in Qatar named world's best airport in 2024, Changi Airport takes 2nd place

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The awards are based on World Airport Survey questionnaires, by London-based air transport rating organisation Skytrax, which were done between August 2023 and March 2024.

Orchard (left), Hamad International Airport's indoor garden, and its main terminal (right). (Photos: Instagram/hiaqatar)

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Hazeeq Sukri

Qatar's Hamad International Airport in Doha has been named the world's best airport in 2024 by London-based air transport rating organisation Skytrax, with Singapore Changi Airport coming in at second place.

During the award ceremony at the Passenger Terminal Expo 2024 in Frankfurt, Germany, the airport also clinched the titles of world's best airport shopping and best airport in the Middle East.

View this post on Instagram A post shared by Hamad International Airport (@hiaqatar)

Hamad International Airport has experienced significant growth in the past decade, with the integration of lifestyle and shopping facilities including Orchard, an indoor garden with a bridge.

In 2023, it enjoyed a 31 per cent increase in passenger traffic, serving over 45 million passengers over 250 destinations.

Second-place winner Singapore Changi Airport – which won the world's best airport award in 2023 – also clinched the titles of best airport in Asia and world’s best airport immigration service. Crowne Plaza Changi Airport was also named world’s best airport hotel, for the ninth time.

View this post on Instagram A post shared by Singapore Changi Airport (SIN) (@changiairport)

Qatar Airways CEO Badr Mohammed Al Meer said of the win: "This is a remarkable achievement for Hamad International Airport, as it celebrates its 10th anniversary of operational excellence, connecting passengers seamlessly from all around the world. It is a testament to the dedication of our team and partners, who have contributed to providing passengers with the finest travel experience. Our continuous investment in our facilities and pioneering initiatives in retail and hospitality has made this achievement possible."

The top 20 airports this year are as follows:

• Doha Hamad Airport
• Singapore Changi Airport
• Seoul Incheon Airport
• Tokyo Haneda Airport
• Tokyo Narita Airport
• Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport
• Dubai Airport
• Munich Airport
• Zurich Airport
• Istanbul Airport
• Hong Kong Airport
• Rome Fiumicino Airport
• Vienna Airport
• Helsinki-Vantaa
• Madrid-Barajas
• Centrair Nagoya Airport
• Vancouver Airport
• Kansai Airport
• Melbourne Airport
• Copenhagen Airport

Operating since 1999, Skytrax's World Airport Awards are voted by airport customers of over 100 nationalities. The survey evaluates customers' experience across multiple factors including check-in, transfers, shopping and security. This year's survey was conducted between August 2023 and March 2024, and over 570 airports were featured in the survey results.

All entries for the survey are screened, with duplicate or ineligible entries deleted, and no membership subscription or charges are needed to participate in the survey.

Nonetheless, Skytrax has received some criticism over the years with one report in 2015  from a travel industry news site suggesting that the organisation had inflated the figures of its survey participants. Skytrax also received backlash in 2019 after it updated the ratings of certain airlines, including downgrading Turkish Airlines to three stars – prompting those in the aviation community to question Skytrax's ranking methods.

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