brazilian wandering spider population

Brazilian wandering spiders: Bites & other facts

Brazilian wandering spiders don't build webs but crawl on the forest floor at night in search of prey, which they kill with neurotoxic venom.

Classification/taxonomy

Size & characteristics, bites and venom, additional resources.

Brazilian wandering spiders are aggressive spiders that belong to the genus Phoneutria, which means "murderess" in Greek.

These critters, also known as armed spiders or banana spiders, are some of the most venomous spiders on Earth. Their large mouthparts, or chelicerae, inflict painful bites loaded with neurotoxic venom that can be deadly to humans — especially children — although in most cases immediate medical care can prevent death with antivenom, according to a 2018 study in the journal Clinical Toxinology in Australia, Europe, and Americas .

Brazilian wandering spiders are frequently listed among the deadliest spiders in the world . They were named the world's deadliest spiders multiple times by Guinness World Records, although the current record-holder is the male Sydney funnel-web spider ( Atrax robustus ). But "classifying an animal as deadly is controversial," Jo-Anne Sewlal, an arachnologist at the University of the West Indies in Trinidad and Tobago, previously told Live Science. Each bite is unique, and the damage it causes depends on the amount of venom injected, Sewlal said. 

Jo-Anne Sewlal was a noted arachnologist from Trinidad and Tobago. While completing her PhD, she received the National Institute of Higher Education, Research, Science and Technology (NIHERST) 2012 Award for Excellence in Science and Technology for Junior Scientist. In 2013, She received a doctorate in zoology from the University of the West Indies. She discovered several species of spiders in her home country, surveyed the arachnids across several countries the Caribbean and appeared as an expert on the topic on The Science Channel. She died of an allergic reaction in January 2020.

There are nine species of Brazilian wandering spider, all of which are nocturnal and can be found in Brazil. Some species also can be found throughout Central and South America, from Costa Rica to Argentina, according to a 2008 article in the journal American Entomologist . Study author Richard S. Vetter , a research associate in the department of entomology at the University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, wrote that specimens of these powerful arachnids have been mistakenly exported to North America and Europe in banana shipments. However, Vetter noted, in many cases of cargo infestation, the spider in question is a harmless banana spider (genus Cupiennius ) that is misidentified as a Phoneutria . The two types of spiders look similar.

The taxonomy of Brazilian wandering spiders, according to the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) , is:

Kingdom : Animalia 

Subkingdom : Bilateria 

Infrakingdom : Protostomia 

Superphylum : Ecdysozoa 

Phylum : Arthropoda 

Subphylum : Chelicerata 

Class : Arachnida 

Order : Araneae 

Family : Ctenidae 

Genus : Phoneutria  

• Phoneutria bahiensis
• Phoneutria boliviensis
• Phoneutria eickstedtae
• Phoneutria fera
• Phoneutria keyserlingi
• Phoneutria nigriventer
• Phoneutria pertyi
• Phoneutria reidyi
• Phoneutria depilata , according to a 2021 study published in the journal ZooKeys , which found that Phoneutria boliviensis actually included two separate species from different habitats. 

Brazilian wandering spiders are large, with bodies reaching up to 2 inches (5 centimeters) and a leg span of up to 7 inches (18 cm), according to the Natural History Museum in Karlsruhe, Germany. The species vary in color, though all are hairy and mostly brown and gray, although some species have lightly colored spots on their abdomen. Many species have bands of black and yellow or white on the underside of the two front legs, according to the University of Florida . 

These arachnids "are called wandering spiders because they do not build webs but wander on the forest floor at night, actively hunting prey," Sewlal told Live Science in an interview conducted in 2014, before her death. They kill by both ambush and direct attack.

They spend most of their day hiding under logs or in crevices, and come out to hunt at night. They eat insects, other spiders and sometimes, small amphibians, reptiles and mice. 

Research into one species of Brazilian wandering spider, Phoneutria boliviensis , revealed that these spiders eat a mix of arthropods and reptiles. DNA metabarcoding, a technique that examines the DNA and RNA in a sample, of the guts of 57 spiders identified 96 prey species, including flies, beetles, butterflies, moths, grasshoppers, locusts and crickets, according to research from the University of Tolima and the University of Ibagué in Colombia . Some of the female spiders also ate lizards and snakes.

While their bites are powerful and painful, "their bites are a means of self-defense and only done if they are provoked intentionally or by accident," Sewlal said.

When Brazilian wandering spiders feel threatened, they often assume a defensive position by standing on their hind legs and stretching out their front legs to expose their fangs, according to the 2018 study in Clinical Toxinology in Australia, Europe, and Americas. This posture is sometimes accompanied by side-to-side movements. The spiders can also jump distances up to 1.3 feet (40 cm). 

In the Brazilian wandering spider, just as in most spider species, the female is larger than the male. Males approach females cautiously when attempting to mate, according to the biology department at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse . Males perform a dance to get females' attention, and males often fight each other over the female. The female can be picky, and she often turns down many males before choosing a mating partner. Once she does pick one, the male needs to watch out; females often attack the males once copulation is finished.

The female then can store the sperm in a separate chamber from the eggs until she is ready to fertilize them. She will lay up to 1,000 eggs at a time, which are kept safe in a spun-silk egg sac.

Brazilian wandering spiders typically live for one or two years.

Brazilian wandering spiders' venom is a complex cocktail of toxins, proteins and peptides, according to the Natural History Museum in Karlsruhe, Germany. The venom affects ion channels and chemical receptors in victims' neuromuscular systems.

After a human is bitten by one of these spiders, they may experience initial symptoms such as severe burning pain at the site of the bite, sweating and goosebumps, Sewlal said. Within 30 minutes, symptoms become systemic and include high or low blood pressure , fast or a slow heart rate , nausea, abdominal cramping, hypothermia, vertigo, blurred vision, convulsions and excessive sweating associated with shock. People who are bitten by a Brazilian wandering spider should seek medical attention immediately.

Their venom is perhaps most famous for triggering painful and long-lasting erections . For that reason, in a 2023 study, scientists reported that they were testing the venom in humans as a potential treatment for erectile dysfunction in those for whom Viagra didn't work.

However, these bites are rare, and envenomations, or exposure to these toxins from a spider bite, are usually mild, Vetter said. For instance, a 2000 study in the journal Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo found that only 2.3% of people with bites who came to a Brazilian hospital over a 13-year period were treated with antivenom. (The other bites did not contain enough venom to require it.) Most of the bites were from the species P. nigriventer and P. keyserlingi in eastern coastal Brazil. About 4,000 bites reportedly happen each year in Brazil, but only 0.5% of those cases are severe, according to the 2018 study. Meanwhile, 15 deaths have been attributed to Phoneutria in Brazil since 1903, the 2018 study reported. 

"It is unlikely that the spider would inject all of its venom into you, as this venom is not only needed as a means of defense but to immobilize prey," Sewlal said. "So if it did inject all of its venom, it [would] have to wait until its body manufactured more before it could hunt." That would also leave the spider vulnerable to being attacked by predators.

Furthermore, Sewlal pointed out that venom production requires a lot of a spider's resources and time. "So if the spider were to attack frequently and use up all of its venom, it [would] be safe to assume that it has a ready food supply to replace the energy and resources used. This situation does not exist in the wild."

• Learn more about Brazilian wandering spiders from the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse .
• Read about several species of Brazilian wandering spiders, including several images of the arachnids at the University of Florida .
• Find a spider in your bananas? It may or may not be a deadly species, according to the University of California, Riverside .

This article was originally published on Nov. 20, 2014. 

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Jessie Szalay is a contributing writer to FSR Magazine. Prior to writing for Live Science, she was an editor at Living Social. She holds an MFA in nonfiction writing from George Mason University and a bachelor's degree in sociology from Kenyon College. 

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Brazilian Wandering Spider

The Brazilian Wandering Spider (Phoneutria fera) is an aggressive and highly venomous spider . It was first discovered in Brazil hence its name. However, this genus is known to exist elsewhere in South and Central America .

The Brazilian Wandering spider is a member of the Ctenidae family of wandering spiders.

The Brazilian Wandering spider appeared in the Guinness Book of World Records 2007 for being the most venomous animal .

In this particular genus, there are five known similar species whose members are also highly venomous. They include some of the relatively few species of spiders that present a threat to human beings.

Brazilian Wandering Spider Characteristics

The Brazilian wandering spider can grow to have a leg span of up to 4 – 5 inches. They are large hairy spindly-looking spiders who have eight eyes, two of which are large. Brazilian wandering spiders are fast-moving spiders, their legs are strong and spiny and they have distinctive red jaws which they display when angered.

The Brazilian wandering spider is not a Tarantula . Brazilian wandering spiders are not even in the same family group. Tarantulas are harmless to humans and are mostly ambush killers who wait for prey to come to them. Brazilian wandering spiders are active hunters. Brazilian wandering spiders and Tarantulas do have one thing in common, however, they do not eat bananas.

Brazilian Wandering Spider Habitat and Spider Webs

The Brazilian Wandering spider is so-called because it wanders the jungle floor, rather than residing in a lair or maintaining a web. This is another reason it is considered so dangerous. In densely populated areas, the Brazilian Wandering spider will usually search for cover and dark places to hide during daytime, leading it to hide within houses, clothes, cars, boots, boxes and log piles. This usually causes accidents when people disturb them.

The Brazilian Wandering spider is also called the ‘banana spider’ as it is occasionally found within shipments of bananas. As a result, any large spider appearing in a bunch of bananas should be treated with due care.

Brazilian Wandering Spider Diet

Adult Brazilian Wandering spiders eat crickets, other large insects, small lizards and mice. Spiderlings of this species eat flightless fruit flies and pinhead crickets.

Brazilian Wandering Spider Reproduction

All spiders produce silk, a thin, strong protein strand extruded by the spider from spinnerets most commonly found on the end of the abdomen. Many species use it to trap insects in webs, although there are many species that hunt freely such as the Brazilian Wandering spider. Silk can be used to aid in climbing, form smooth walls for burrows, build egg sacs, wrap prey and temporarily hold sperm, among other applications.

Brazilian Wandering spiders reproduce by means of eggs, which are packed into silk bundles called egg sacs. The male spider must (in most cases) make a timely departure after mating to escape before the females normal predatory instincts return.

Mature male spiders have swollen bulbs on the end of their palps for this purpose and this is a useful way to identify whether the spider is male or female. Once the sperm is inside the female spider, she stores it in a chamber and only uses it during the egg-laying process, when the eggs come into contact with the male sperm for the first time and are fertilized. The Brazilian Wandering spiders life cycle is 1 – 2 years.

Brazilian Wandering Spider Venom

Bites from the Brazilian Wandering spider may result in only a couple of painful pinpricks to full-blown envenomed. In either case, people bitten by this spider or any Ctenid should seek immediate emergency treatment as the venom is possibly life threatening.

The Phoneutria fera and Phoneutria nigriventer (two species of wandering spider) are the two most commonly implicated as the most vicious and deadly of the Phoneutria spiders.

The Phoneutria not only has a potent neurotoxin, but is reported to have one of the most excruciatingly painful envenoms of all spiders due to its high concentration of serotonin. They have the most active venom of any living spiders.

One of their members, the Brazilian Huntsman, is thought to be the most venomous spider in the world. Brazilian wandering spiders are certainly dangerous and bite more people than any other spiders.

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Brazilian Wandering Spider Facts

Brazilian wandering spider profile.

There are more than 50,000 species of spider, and the vast majority are less dangerous than a honeybee. Almost none are aggressive, and of those with medically significant venom, only a small percentage are capable of causing death. So, on the whole, arachnophobes are just being a bit silly.

But there’s one spider that vindicates all of these fears, and few animals are as globally renowned to be a serious threat to human lives as the Brazilian Wandering Spider .

Brazilian Wandering Spiders are actually 9 species of spider in the same genus ‘Phoneutria’, one of which is found in Central America, with the rest in South America.

Brazilian Wandering Spider Facts Overview

These spiders are called wandering spiders because of instead of spinning a web to wait for food, or occupying a lair, they spend their night wandering in the leaf litter of the jungle floor for prey.

The sensitive hairs on its body help detect vibrations of passing prey, and it will feed on insects, lizards, frogs and any animals as large as itself.

During the day they will hide under logs, rocks, or inside termite mounds and banana plants. They will also sometimes wander into urban areas and homes, where they can come into contact with humans.

Brazilian wandering spiders are aggressive , dangerous and frightening. For once, this is an animal you should be wary of.

The females are larger, around 50% heavier than males, and produce more venom, and this might be a clue as to why their Greek name translates to “ Mudress” . These spiders will often stand and fight and have an intimidating threat display.

The potency of their venom is one of the reasons they’re so dangerous, and their ability to hide away in fruit and shoes explains why most bites are on extremities.

Interesting Brazilian Wandering Spider Facts

1. armed spiders.

In Brazilian, these are sometimes known as armed spiders, on account of their elongated front legs.

They can convey quite a bit of information with these legs, and as wandering spiders, use them to get about the forest, looking for food.

2. Banana Spiders

They’re also sometimes called ‘banana spiders’ on account of their status as a stowaway on popular fruit imported from the tropics.

This is becoming less common as stricter regulations ensure there’s less contamination of fruits, but there’s always a chance your next bunch of bananas will have a family of these spiders living inside it.

3. They have the largest venom glands of any spider

Females produce more venom than males, but both sexes have enormous venom glands. These glands are even more impressive when you consider the size of the spider is significantly less than the largest around.

The venom glands of the Brazilian Wandering Spider are over a centimetre long, and this is all housed inside the bright red chelicerae (mouth parts) which they are quick to display whenever they get upset. 1

4. They’re aggressive

These spiders can grow quite large and have long, brightly-coloured legs. Unlike most spiders, they’re known to stand their ground when threatened and are far quicker to bite than many other species.

They’ll still try to scurry away where possible, and they’re not out to get anybody.

But where most other species will flee, the wandering spiders’ aggression does make it more likely to be involved in incidents.

Most bites are on fingers and toes, a sign that they’re being stepped on or grabbed inadvertently. When the spider feels cornered, it’ll rear up on its back legs and waves its colourful arms around as a warning.

Then it’ll sway side to side, beckoning you to have a go. Anything foolhardy enough to call this bluff gets a wealth of envenomation effects. 2 3

5. They give some men erections

There are ways to accomplish this with fewer side effects, but a bit from a Brazilian wandering spider does come with a certain Viagral quality.

This isn’t as fun as it might sound. Prolonged erections in this manner are likely to harm and destroy muscles and blood vessels in the penis and could cause irreparable damage.

Besides this, the assault on the central nervous system that comes with envenomation by this spider doesn’t sound worth it. 4

6. And some people die

This assault brings with it a whole host of unpleasant symptoms. Seizures, foaming at the mouth, inability to speak, collapse, and a host of other miserable experiences.

Paralysis is possible, as is cardiac shock. Blood vessels can burst in the brain, or anywhere else, and in many cases, this can be enough to kill a person.

This spider has one of the most potent venoms of all, and there are multiple legitimate records of death as a result of bites.

7. But they’re rarely fatal

While the Brazilian wandering spider is potentially one of the most dangerous spiders in the world, there is some evidence to suggest it gives a dry bite, defensively.

This means that despite exceptionally toxic venom, the amount actually injected is less than some of the other contenders, and this is what makes it typically less lethal than the Australian funnel webs.

These spiders are classified as Dangerous Wild Animals and would therefore require a special permit to keep. Bites from wandering spiders are common in South America, but antivenom is often readily available, and they rarely result in death.

In most cases, lethal bites are cases of a very young or very old victim, and few people of healthy age are killed. 5

8. They do invade the UK sometimes

These unquestionably scary spiders show up in supermarkets in the UK on occasion, having hitched a ride on banana shipments.

On more than one occasion they’ve made their way into shoppers’ homes, but it doesn’t appear that there are any cases of them biting people as a result.

These spiders aren’t suited for temperate climates and don’t survive Winter, so there’s no risk of them multiplying.

Brazilian Wandering Spider Fact-File Summary

Scientific classification, fact sources & references.

• PeerJ. (2017), “ Dimensions of venom gland of largest venom glands in all spiders ”, Bio Numbers.
• Dave Clarke (2010), “ Venomous spider found in Waitrose shopping ‘beautiful but aggressive’” , The Guardian.
• “ Phoneutria Perty (Arachnida: Araneae: Ctenidae) ”, UF-IFAS University of Florida
• Kátia R.M. Leite (2012), “ Phoneutria nigriventer spider toxin Tx2-6 causes priapism and death: A histopathological investigation in mice ”, Science Direct.
• “ Brazilian wandering spiders: Bites & other facts ”, Live Science.

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• Spider Facts

Brazilian Wandering Spider: Size, Bite, Diet and Other Facts 

The Brazilian Wandering Spider is a venomous arachnid with a fearsome reputation. This South American rainforest dweller packs a powerful punch, but don’t let its nickname “banana spider” fool you – they’re active hunters, not web-spinners. Despite their size and venom, bites are uncommon as they’re typically shy.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider has garnered significant attention due to its potent venom, which makes it one of the world’s most venomous spiders. Understanding its biology and behavior is crucial for both scientific research and public safety.

Scientific classification

The Brazilian Wandering Spider belongs to the family Ctenidae within the order Araneae. Its scientific classification is as follows:

• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Arthropoda
• Class: Arachnida
• Order: Araneae
• Family: Ctenidae
• Genus: Phoneutria

The Brazilian Wandering Spider goes by various common names, including “armed spider,” “banana spider,” and “wandering spider.” Synonyms for this species may include Ctenus , which was formerly used for some Phoneutria species.

Distribution and habitat

Distribution:

• South American:  Found throughout most of South America east of the Andes mountains, including countries like Brazil (their namesake), Argentina, Paraguay, and up into northern regions.
• Central American Touch:  A few species even reach southern Central America.
• Rainforest Dwellers:  Primarily found in the lush rainforests of South America.
• Not Picky Places:  They can also adapt to other habitats like the Atlantic Forest and even some urban areas.
• Daytime Hideouts:  While they wander at night, they seek shelter during the day in places like termite mounds, under rocks, or even (unintentionally) in bananas!

Physical Characteristics

 size and weight.

The Brazilian wandering spider is a creepy crawly giant. Their bodies can grow up to 2 inches (5 centimeters) long, but that’s not the scary part. Their legs can span a whopping 7 inches (18 cm), making them look even bigger. They are one of the biggest true spiders by body weight and size.

Despite their impressive leg span, Brazilian wandering spiders are relatively light. They only weigh around 6 grams, which is about the same as two pennies. While they might look imposing, they’re not the heaviest arachnids around.

Coloration and markings

These spiders exhibit a range of colors, including brown, black, and sometimes reddish hues. They often have distinctive markings on their bodies, which can vary between species. These markings may include stripes or patterns that serve as a key identification feature.

Notable features

One of the most notable features of the Brazilian Wandering Spider is its elongated, robust body and long, agile legs. They have sharp fangs, which they use to inject venom into their prey or in self-defense.

Sexual dimorphism

Sexual dimorphism is evident in this species. Females are larger and bulkier than males, while males have longer, more slender legs. Additionally, males possess specialized structures known as pedipalps, which are used during mating.

In the following sections of this article, we will delve deeper into the behavior, venom, and ecological role of the Brazilian Wandering Spider, shedding light on why this species has both fascinated and instilled fear in those who encounter it.

 Behavior and Ecology

 Nocturnal habits

Brazilian Wandering Spiders are primarily nocturnal creatures. They are most active during the night, venturing out of their daytime hiding places to hunt for prey and engage in mating activities. Their nighttime activity allows them to avoid predators and reduce the risk of desiccation in the hot tropical sun.

Hunting and feeding behavior

These spiders are agile hunters and primarily feed on insects, small vertebrates, and other arachnids. They do not build webs to capture prey but instead rely on their excellent senses, including acute vision and touch, to locate and stalk their victims. They often wander in search of food and are known for their swift and lethal strikes. Once they subdue their prey, they inject venom to immobilize it before feeding.

Brazilian Wandering Spiders (Phoneutria) are active hunters and have distinctive feeding behaviors. Here’s an overview of their feeding habits:

• Active Predators: Brazilian Wandering Spiders are not web-builders like many other spider species. Instead, they are active predators. They actively roam their environment in search of prey rather than waiting for insects to stumble into a web.
• Hunting Strategy: When hunting, these spiders use their excellent senses, including acute vision and touch, to locate potential prey. They are known for their agility and speed, which they use to stalk and capture their victims. They have sharp fangs, which they use to deliver a venomous bite to immobilize their prey.
• Diet: Their diet consists primarily of insects and other arthropods, but they are opportunistic feeders and may consume a variety of small creatures, including small vertebrates such as frogs and lizards when the opportunity arises.
• Venom Use: Brazilian Wandering Spiders inject venom into their prey to immobilize and partially digest it. Their venom contains neurotoxins that affect the nervous system of their victims. Once the prey is incapacitated, the spider can feed on it at its leisure.
• Feeding Process: After subduing their prey with a venomous bite, the spider uses its chelicerae (fangs) to break down the prey’s tissues. The venom also helps in predigestion, turning the prey’s insides into a semi-liquid form that the spider can ingest. They can consume both the internal fluids and solid parts of their prey.
• Frequency of Feeding: The frequency of feeding can vary depending on factors such as the availability of prey and the spider’s size. Generally, they need to feed periodically to sustain their energy and growth. Spiderlings may require more frequent meals to support their rapid growth, while adults can go longer periods between meals.

Overall, the Brazilian Wandering Spider’s feeding strategy is well-suited for their active and wandering lifestyle, allowing them to efficiently capture and consume a variety of prey in their natural habitat.

Role in the ecosystem

The Brazilian Wandering Spider plays a vital role in controlling insect populations within its habitat. By preying on a variety of insects and other small creatures, they help maintain ecological balance. Additionally, their presence in the rainforest ecosystem contributes to the overall biodiversity and food web.

Mating and reproduction

Mating in Brazilian Wandering Spiders is a complex and potentially dangerous process. Male spiders must carefully approach and court a receptive female to avoid being mistaken for prey. They use specialized pedipalps to transfer sperm to the female’s reproductive organs. After successful mating, females lay egg sacs containing hundreds of eggs. They guard these sacs and ensure the survival of their offspring until they hatch.

 Lifespan and growth

The lifespan of Brazilian Wandering Spiders varies between males and females. Males generally have a shorter lifespan, typically living for a few months to a year after reaching maturity. Females, on the other hand, can live for several years. The growth of these spiders involves a series of molts, during which they shed their exoskeletons to accommodate their increasing size. Molting is a vulnerable period in their lives as their new exoskeleton is initially soft and requires time to harden.

Venom and Envenomation

Composition of venom.

The venom of Brazilian Wandering Spiders is a complex mixture of neurotoxins, cytotoxins, and other enzymes. One of the most significant components is a neurotoxin called PhTx3, which targets the nervous system of their prey.

Toxicity and effects on humans

The venom of these spiders is highly potent and can be lethal to their prey. In humans, envenomation can cause a range of symptoms, including intense pain, muscle cramps, fever, nausea, and in severe cases, paralysis and death. It’s important to note that while their venom is potent, actual fatalities from Brazilian Wandering Spider bites are rare due to the availability of medical treatment.

First aid and medical treatment

In the event of a Brazilian Wandering Spider bite, immediate medical attention is crucial. First aid measures may include cleaning the wound and applying ice to reduce pain and swelling. However, the primary treatment involves antivenom, which can counteract the effects of the spider’s venom.

Cases of envenomation and fatalities

Although fatalities from Brazilian Wandering Spider bites are uncommon, there have been documented cases of severe envenomation, especially in regions where medical treatment is not readily available. These spiders are generally non-aggressive and will bite humans only in self-defense when provoked, or if they feel cornered.

Understanding the behavior, ecology, and venomous nature of the Brazilian Wandering Spider is crucial for both scientific research and public awareness, helping to minimize the risk of envenomation and promote coexistence with this remarkable but potentially dangerous arachnid.

Brazilian wandering spider life cycle

The Brazilian wandering spider has a fascinating life cycle that revolves around hunting and motherhood. Here’s a breakdown:

• Egg Haven:  After mating, the female lays hundreds, sometimes even a thousand, eggs in a silken sac. This becomes their protected nursery.
• Tiny Terrors:  Hatching from the eggs emerge translucent spiderlings called larvae.
• Nymph Stage:  The larvae molt a few times, transforming into nymphs. Think of them as mini-adults but without the ability to reproduce yet.
• Shedding for Size:  As nymphs grow, they undergo multiple molts, shedding their outer shell to accommodate their larger bodies.
• Ready to Roam:  After the final molt, the spider emerges as a full-fledged adult, complete with reproductive organs. Now, they can join the wandering lifestyle and continue the cycle.

The life cycle begins when a female Brazilian Wandering Spider lays her eggs. She typically creates an egg sac made of silk and deposits it in a concealed location, such as a tree hollow or leaf litter. Inside the sac, she may lay hundreds of eggs. The female guards the egg sac and ensures its protection until the spiderlings hatch. The duration of the egg stage varies depending on environmental conditions but generally lasts for a few weeks.

Spiderling Stage

After the incubation period, spiderlings (young spiders) emerge from the egg sac. They are extremely vulnerable at this stage and rely on their mother’s protection and guidance. Spiderlings are miniature versions of adult spiders but lack the full coloration and size. They disperse from the nest once they have molted and are capable of hunting on their own. During this stage, they grow rapidly by molting, shedding their exoskeletons to accommodate their increasing size.

Juvenile Stage

As spiderlings continue to molt and grow, they progress into the juvenile stage. During this phase, their coloration becomes more distinct, and they start to develop the characteristic features of adult Brazilian Wandering Spiders. They become increasingly independent and begin to exhibit hunting behaviors. The duration of the juvenile stage can vary but often lasts several months.

Sub-Adult Stage

The sub-adult stage is an intermediate phase between juvenile and adult. At this point, the spiders are closer in size and appearance to adults but have not yet reached sexual maturity. They continue to molt, with the frequency of molting gradually decreasing as they approach adulthood. Sub-adult spiders may exhibit more territorial behaviors as they compete for resources and prepare for eventual mating.

Adult Stage

Upon reaching sexual maturity, Brazilian Wandering Spiders enter the adult stage. This is when they are fully developed and capable of reproduction. Females are larger and bulkier than males, and males possess specialized structures called pedipalps, which they use during mating. Adult spiders engage in mating activities, and females lay eggs to continue the life cycle. Adult Brazilian Wandering Spiders can live for several years, with females typically having longer lifespans than males.

Understanding the life cycle of these spiders is essential for studying their behavior, reproductive biology, and population dynamics. It also provides insights into their adaptation strategies in the complex ecosystems of South and Central America.

Brazilian Wandering Spider Bite

Brazilian Wandering Spiders are known for their potent venom and, occasionally, their bites on humans. While bites are relatively rare due to the spider’s non-aggressive nature, understanding the consequences of a bite is crucial for public safety.

Studying Brazilian Wandering Spider bites is of great interest for several reasons. It helps healthcare professionals provide appropriate medical treatment, raises awareness among communities in spider habitats, and contributes to our understanding of venomous arachnid envenomations.

The venom of Brazilian Wandering Spiders is a complex mixture of neurotoxins, cytotoxins, and enzymes. It contains various components, including PhTx3, which is a potent neurotoxin affecting the nervous system.

Brazilian Wandering Spider bites can have a range of effects on the human body, including intense pain, muscle cramps, fever, nausea, and in severe cases, paralysis. The severity of the symptoms depends on factors such as the amount of venom injected and the individual’s sensitivity to the venom. There are several types of spider bites .

Symptoms of a Brazilian Wandering Spider Bite

Local symptoms

• Intense pain
• Itching or burning sensation
• Formation of blisters or lesions

Systemic symptoms

• Muscle cramps and spasms
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Elevated heart rate
• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Respiratory distress

Severity and variations

The severity of Brazilian Wandering Spider bite symptoms can vary widely. In some cases, symptoms may be mild and resolve on their own, while in severe envenomations, life-threatening complications can occur. Individual reactions to the venom can also vary, making it challenging to predict the exact outcome of a bite.

First Aid and Immediate Response

Steps to take after a bite

Immediate response to a Brazilian Wandering Spider bite should include:

• – Washing the bite area with soap and water.
• – Applying a clean, cool compress to reduce pain and swelling.
• – Immobilizing the affected limb or area.
• – Keeping the bite victim calm to prevent an elevated heart rate.

Do’s and don’ts in case of a bite

• – Seek medical attention promptly.
• – Take note of the spider’s appearance (if possible) to aid identification.
• – Keep the bite victim still and calm to reduce the spread of venom.
• – Do not try to suck out venom or make incisions at the bite site.
• – Avoid applying tourniquets.
• – Don’t use ice directly on the skin as it can worsen tissue damage.

Seeking medical attention

Medical attention is essential after a Brazilian Wandering Spider bite, even if symptoms appear mild initially. Antivenom is available and can be administered to counteract the effects of the venom. Medical professionals can also manage symptoms and monitor for potential complications.

Complications and Long-Term Effects

Potential complications

Complications from Brazilian Wandering Spider bites can include:

• – Severe muscle spasms
• – Respiratory distress
• – Cardiovascular issues
• – Kidney failure (rare)
• – Allergic reactions to antivenom

Long-term consequences

Long-term consequences of a bite can vary depending on the severity and medical treatment received. Some individuals may experience lingering pain, muscle weakness, or psychological trauma following a severe envenomation.

Recovery and rehabilitation

Recovery from a Brazilian Wandering Spider bite typically involves medical treatment, rehabilitation for muscle and nerve damage, and psychological support for individuals affected by the experience. Rehabilitation may include physical therapy to regain muscle strength and function. Prompt medical attention and appropriate care are crucial for minimizing long-term effects and complications.

Facts of Brazilian Wanding Spider

Here are 10 creepy crawly facts about the Brazilian Wandering Spider:

• Big and Hairy:  These spiders are giants! Their bodies can grow up to 2 inches (5 centimeters) long, with a leg span of up to 7 inches (18 cm). They are covered in hairs, making them appear even bigger.
• Wanderlust:  They are aptly named – Brazilian wandering spiders don’t spin webs. Instead, they wander the forest floor at night in search of prey.
• Venomous Bite:  Their venom is considered one of the most potent among spiders. A bite can cause severe pain, swelling, sweating, nausea, and even priapism in males. Thankfully, bites are rare as they are typically shy and defensive.
• Not So Fond of Bananas:  While sometimes called ‘banana spiders,’ they are not typically found in bananas. They might, however, take shelter in them during transport, which is how they might end up in a faraway land.
• Rainforest Resident:  These spiders are native to the rainforests of South America, particularly in Brazil.
• Fearsome Feasters:  They’re active hunters and will eat almost anything they can overpower, including insects, lizards, frogs, and even small rodents.
• Mom’s the Word:  Female Brazilian wandering spiders are dedicated mothers. They lay hundreds of eggs in a silken sac and fiercely guard them until they hatch.
• Multiple Molts:  Like all spiders, Brazilian wandering spiders grow through molting. They shed their exoskeleton multiple times as they grow into adults.
• Mating Dance:  Male Brazilian wandering spiders perform a elaborate mating dance to attract a female.
• Medicinal Potential:  Despite their scary reputation, the venom of the Brazilian wandering spider is being studied for its potential use in treating erectile dysfunction.

What happens if a Brazilian Wandering Spider bites a man?

A Brazilian Wandering Spider bite on a man can cause a range of symptoms, some severe:

• Pain:  The bite is known for causing intense, localized pain at the site.
• Autonomic effects:  Sweating, nausea, and increased heart rate are common.
• Priapism:  In some cases, males may experience a prolonged and painful erection (priapism). This is due to a component in the venom.
• Muscle paralysis:  Severe bites can lead to muscle paralysis, which can affect breathing in rare cases.

However, it’s important to remember:

• Bites are uncommon as these spiders are typically shy and defensive.
• Antivenom is available and effective in treating bites.

If bitten, seek medical attention immediately. Early treatment can help prevent complications and ensure a full recovery.

How poisonous is a Brazilian Wandering Spider?

Brazilian Wandering Spider packs a nasty venomous punch, considered one of the strongest among spiders. Bites are rare though, as they’re shy and prefer to escape trouble.

What is the world’s deadliest spider?

The term “deadliest” can be subjective and depends on how one defines it (e.g., based on venom potency or human fatalities). However, the Brazilian Wandering Spider (Phoneutria) is often considered one of the most venomous spiders in the world. Another spider often mentioned in discussions of venom toxicity is the Sydney Funnel-web Spider (Atrax robustus and Atrax formosus), found in Australia. These spiders are known for their potent venom and have caused fatalities in the past.

FAQ about Brazilian Wandering Spider

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Brazilian wandering spider | bite,Size, Habitat, & Facts

Brazilian wandering spider.

brazilian wandering spider size

Their body length ranges from 17 to 48 mm (43⁄64 to 1+57⁄64 in). Phoneutria are impressive spiders reaching body sizes up to 3.5 centimeters and leg spans up to 15 centimeters. They are nocturnal, hunting at night, and hiding in dark places during the day.

Wandering spider bite

Along with other members of the genus, they are often referred to as Brazilian wandering spiders. Its bite can cause severe symptoms, including increased pulse, blood pressure, and respiratory rate; extraordinary pain; penile erection that lasts for several hours; and, in several documented cases, death.

Phoneutria spp.  is actually a genus with five known similar species whose members are highly venomous. They include some of the relatively few species of spiders that present a threat to human beings. The Brazilian Wandering Spider (Phoneutria fera) can grow to have a leg span of up to 4-5 inches.

Wandering spider, (family Ctenidae), any member of the family Ctenidae (order Araneida), a small group of large spiders of mainly tropical and subtropical regions, commonly found on foliage and on the ground.

The Brazilian wandering spiders, Phoneutria fera and P. nigriventer, are sometimes also referred to as banana spiders because they are frequently found on banana leaves. They have an aggressive defense posture, in which they raise their front legs straight up into the air. Phoneutria are venomous, and their venom is toxic to the nervous system, causing symptoms such as salivation, irregular heartbeat, and prolonged painful erections (priapism) in men. Scientists are investigating the venom of P. nigriventer as a possible treatment for erectile dysfunction.

These spiders are notorious both due to their toxic venom, and because they are not reluctant to attack people who appear threatening.

Of the five species known, P. nigriventer and P. fera most frequently receive mention in mass-media publications. P.nigriventer species are responsible for most cases of venom intoxication in Brazil because this species is commonly found in highly populated areas of Brazil, namely the South-eastern states: São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo.The P. fera is native to the northern portion of South America, especially the Brazilian Amazônia, Venezuela and French Guiana.

Brazilian wandering spider BITES AND VENOMB

　　razilian wandering spiders’ venom is a complex cocktail of toxins, proteins and peptides, according to the Natural History Museum in Karlsruhe, Germany. The venom affects ion channels and chemical receptors in victims’ neuromuscular systems.

　　After a human is bitten by one of these spiders, he or she may experience initial symptoms such as severe burning pain at the site of the bite, sweating and goosebumps, Sewlal said. Within 30 minutes, symptoms become systemic and include high or low blood pressure, fast or a slow heart rate, nausea, abdominal cramping, hypothermia, vertigo, blurred vision, convulsions and excessive sweating associated with shock. People who are bitten by a Brazilian wandering spider should seek medical attention immediately.

Recent studies suggest that these spiders only inject venom in approximately one-third of their bites and may only inject a small amount in another third. However, research in this area is hindered by the difficulty of identifying particular subspecies. Thus the effects of the bites from these spiders are hard to predict when based on sketchy information or if the spider has not been identified definitively. 

Bites from these spiders may result in only a couple of painful pinpricks to full-blown envenomation. In either case, people bitten by a Phoneutria or any Ctenid should seek immediate emergency treatment as the venom is possibly life threatening.

he Phoneutria fera and nigriventer  are the two most commonly implicated as the most virulent of the Phoneutria spiders. The Phoneutria not only has a potent neurotoxin, but is reported to have one of the most excruciatingly painful envenomations of all spiders due to its high concentration of serotonin.  

Brazilian Wandering Spiders are extremely fast, extremely venomous, and extremely aggressive and are ranked among the most venomous spiders known to man. In fact, the Brazilian Wandering Spider is the most venomous spider in the New World! In South America, these true spiders are commonly encountered in peoples’ homes, supposedly hiding in peoples’ shoes, hats, and other clothes. It does not remain on a web, rather, it wanders the forest floor, which is how it got its name.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider has another name – the  Banana Spider  and it was given this name  because there have been cases where these spiders unintentionally appeared on banana boats heading for the United States.

​　　Brazilian Wandering Spider: One Of The World’s Most Venomous Spiders May Be Lurking In Your Bananas

　　Meet the Brazilian wandering spiders in the genus Phoneutria, also referred to as the armed spiders or the banana spiders. The members of this group have one of the most dangerous bites of any spider species on Earth and they have been classified as the world’s most venomous spider many times.

　　What Are The Effects Of A Brazilian Wandering Spider Bite?

　　Brazilian wandering spiders often make the news because of the unusual symptoms caused to humans after being bitten by one.

　　A 2023 study in Frontiers In Molecular Biosciences suggested there were around 4,000 cases of people being bitten by Phoneutria nigriventer in Brazil each year. Their venom affects the nervous system, causing double vision, salvation, irregular heartbeat – and even prolonged painful erections, known as priapism. In fact, because of this, their venom is being explored as a possible treatment for erectile dysfunction conditions.

　　Can A Brazilian Wandering Spider Bite Kill You?

　　The neurotoxin PhTx3 is to blame for these symptoms, and according to the Independent, a wandering spider bite can reportedly be fatal in as little as 60 minutes. However, an effective anti-venom is usually enough to save those affected. A study into Phoneutria boliviensis in 2019 suggested that the species had adapted its venom to catch vertebrates as opposed to lizards and amphibians, which might explain why the venom is so toxic to humans.

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Brazilian Wandering Spider

The Brazilian Wandering Spider (Phoneutria fera) is a teardrop-shaped arachnid with a brown coloration. Known for its potent venom, it thrives in both the lush rainforests and human dwellings of Brazil. Its notorious wandering behavior makes it a significant presence in its habitats.

Fascinating Facts about Brazilian Wandering Spider

Here are 3 interesting facts about Brazilian Wandering Spider:

• The Brazilian Wandering Spider is considered the world's most venomous spider by the Guinness World Records.
• They are known as 'wandering' spiders because they roam the jungle floor at night instead of residing in a lair or web.
• Despite their notorious reputation, their bites rarely cause death in humans due to the small amount of venom they inject.

Taxonomy and Classification

Here is the scientific categorization of Brazilian Wandering Spider, providing a glimpse of their position in the biological hierarchy:

Lifecycle and Growth

Brazilian Wandering Spider's life is a journey of transformation - an adventure marked by the following captivating stages:

Egg → Spiderling → Adult

The Brazilian Wandering Spider, primarily found in the rainforest, exhibits a lifecycle that spans both wilderness and human habitats. From egg to adult, it navigates a complex path through dense foliage and human dwellings, adapting to these contrasting environments.

Brazilian Wandering Spider Behaviour and Adaptations

Brazilian Wandering Spiders are known for their nomadic behavior. Instead of building webs to catch prey, they actively hunt at night, using their highly developed senses, particularly vision, to locate and stalk their prey.

These arachnids have adapted to a wide range of habitats, from forests to urban areas. Their potent neurotoxic venom, one of the most powerful among spiders, allows them to incapacitate and consume a variety of prey.

Brazilian Wandering Spider Interaction with the Ecosystem

Now, let's look at how they help maintain the balance in the ecosystem:

• Brazilian Wandering Spiders play a crucial role in controlling the population of their prey, which includes insects and small mammals.
• They serve as a food source for larger animals, contributing to the food chain in their ecosystem.
• Their venom, although dangerous to humans, is studied for medicinal purposes including treatments for erectile dysfunction and pain relief.

Threats to Brazilian Wandering Spider

Despite their popularity and predator status, Brazilian Wandering Spider encounter several threats as well:

• Destruction of natural habitat due to deforestation
• Increased usage of pesticides affecting their food chain
• Climate change potentially disrupting their breeding patterns

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Brazilian Wandering Spider facts

Last updated on July 12th, 2023 at 01:48 pm

When you think of deadly spiders, there are a few names that spring to mind – but none more infamous than the Brazilian Wandering Spider. This species is reputed to have the most toxic venom of any spider, having a bite which causes horrendous side-effects like priapism and convulsions.

What you may not know, however, is that the Brazilian Wandering Spider name is actually used for a few species. The most common, and perhaps the most medically significant in the group are Phoneutria nigriventer and Phoneutria fera .

In this post, I’ll tell you more about these two species, from where they live, to what they eat. To keep things simple, I’ll just refer to them both as the “Brazilian Wandering Spider”, given how similar they are. Let’s dive in…

Quick Facts

To kick things off, here are some fascinating factoids about the Brazilian Wandering Spider:

• They belong to the genus ‘Phoneutria’, which translates to ‘murderess’ in Greek.
• They are known for their highly potent venom.
• Wandering Spiders are nocturnal creatures.
• They are also known as ‘banana spiders’ due to their tendency to hide in banana plants.
• They are not web-weavers but active hunters. This is called ‘cursorial’ hunting.
• It’s considered one of the most dangerous spiders in the world.

Other Common Names

The Brazilian Wandering Spider goes by several other names. The most common is the ‘banana spider’, thanks to their notorious habit of stowing away in banana shipments. In their native Portuguese, they’re known as ‘aranhas-armadeiras’ , translating to ‘armed spiders’ – a reference to their aggressive defense posture.

Brazilian Wandering Spider Venom

Possessing one of the most potent venoms among spiders, the Brazilian Wandering Spider’s bite is a cause for concern. Its venom is a complex cocktail of toxins, proteins, and peptides.

The main component that gets everyone’s attention is the neurotoxin, called PhTx3 , which can interfere with the functioning of our nervous system, leading to a variety of symptoms.

What’s the Benefit of Having Such Strong Venom?

With venom potent enough to kill a human, one might wonder why this spider needs such a powerful weapon. The answer lies in its lifestyle.

Brazilian Wandering Spiders are active hunters and their venom is primarily used to incapacitate prey quickly. The venom’s potency also serves as an effective deterrent against potential predators.

Brazilian Wandering Spider Deaths

Despite the notorious reputation, actual deaths from Brazilian Wandering Spider bites are rare. This is largely due to the rapid medical attention available in areas where these spiders are common. Plus, these spiders don’t always inject venom when they bite – a dry bite can occur.

This actually common in venomous animals, including spiders and reptiles. Occasionally they bite and decide to not inject any venom. The point of this is to conserve it, given that it is energetically costly to produce.

Brazilian Wandering Spider Size

Being quite large and impressive compared to most arachnids, adult Brazilian Wandering Spiders can reach a leg span of up to 7 inches (18 cm) . The body size excluding the legs can be up to 2 inches (5 cm). Their size contributes to their intimidating presence.

If you’d to learn more about why they get so big, check out my article on Brazilian Wandering Spider size for more info!

Brazilian Wandering Spider Location and Habitat

Brazilian Wandering Spiders are native to South America. Here’s a quick rundown of their range and preferred habitats:

Brazilian Wandering Spider Speed

An adept hunter, the Brazilian Wandering Spider can move quickly when chasing prey or evading threats. While exact speed measurements can vary, some sources report that these spiders can achieve speeds up to 1 meter per second.

What Does the Brazilian Wandering Spider Eat?

The Brazilian Wandering Spider’s diet consists mainly of insects, other spiders, and occasionally small amphibians and reptiles. Their potent venom allows them to tackle prey larger than themselves, making them one of the apex micro-predators in their habitat.

Final Thoughts…

While the Brazilian Wandering Spider might seem terrifying to many, as an arachnid enthusiast, I find them to be incredibly fascinating. Their potent venom, hunting prowess, and adaptation to diverse habitats reveal the intricate beauty of the evolutionary process.

Just remember, these spiders, like all creatures, play a vital role in our ecosystem. Respect, not fear, should be our response to these remarkable arachnids.

The truth is that most bites are accidental, but they do occur. The fact that so few deaths occur each year is a testament to the effectiveness of the antivenom that has now become widely available.

FAQ related to the Brazilian Wandering Spider

What happens if you are bitten by a brazilian wandering spider.

Immediately after a bite from a Brazilian Wandering Spider, you will experience localized pain. Then, within 5 to 15 minutes the area around the bite will swell. The swelling can spread to most of a limb, for example. Finally, neurological symptoms like coldness, sweating, and convulsions will set in.

Do wandering spiders jump?

Wandering Spiders are excellent at jumping. They can jump several feet when surprised, and may occasionally use this as a tactic to evade predators. Jumping at you isn’t part of how bites happen though. When faced with humans, Wandering Spiders usually stand their ground and use their threat display of raised legs to warn us away.

Is Brazilian wandering spider friendly?

Wandering Spiders are not friendly. As a general rule, they are relatively calm, but can also be defensive. They tend to see humans as a threat, and will not take to being handled easily. That said, they are not aggressive, and most bites happen when someone accidentally touches one or tries to kill it.

Are Brazilian wandering spiders in Australia?

Brazilian Wandering Spiders are not found in Australia. The only species in Australia that get as large as Wandering Spiders are the Huntsman Spiders. At a distance they may appear relatively similar, but Huntsman Spiders are completely harmless to humans.

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The Brazilian Wandering Spider: A Venomous Arachnid That Could Kill You

If you’re an arachnophobe, look away now! The Brazilian wandering spider is one of the deadliest spiders in the world, with a venom that can cause paralysis and even death in humans.

In this article, we’ll explore everything you need to know about this venomous arachnid, from its physical characteristics and habitat to its bite symptoms and treatment options. So, let’s get started!

The Brazilian wandering spider, also known as the banana spider, is a highly venomous arachnid that can be found in various countries across South and Central America. It’s considered one of the deadliest spiders in the world due to its potent venom and aggressive behaviour, which can lead to fatal consequences if left untreated.

As humans continue to encroach on the spider’s natural habitat, it’s becoming more common to encounter these venomous creatures in urban areas.

That’s why it’s important to know what to look out for and how to avoid an encounter with a Brazilian wandering spider.

Table of Contents

Physical Characteristics

This spider can grow up to 6 inches in leg span and has a distinct appearance that makes it easy to identify.

Its body is covered in brown or black hairs, and it has long, thin legs that are often banded with lighter and darker stripes.

Males have larger pedipalps (the “boxing gloves” at the front of the body) than females, which they use to transfer sperm during mating.

Habitat and Distribution

Brazilian wandering spiders can be found in a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and even human dwellings. They are most commonly found in Central and South America, including Brazil, Costa Rica, and Peru.

These spiders are often referred to as “wandering” spiders because they do not build webs like other spider species. Instead, they roam the forest floor or hide in dark crevices during the day, making them difficult to spot.

Venom and Toxicity

The venom of these arachnids contains a neurotoxin that attacks the nervous system, causing paralysis and eventually death if left untreated.

The venom is especially dangerous to young children and the elderly, as well as those with pre-existing health conditions.

Interestingly, their venom has also been studied for potential use in medicine.

It contains a molecule that can help to treat erectile dysfunction, and is being researched as a potential treatment for other conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy.

Symptoms of a Bite

In a period from 1925 to 1945 there were recorded 415 bites by this species, 400 of which required antivenom .

If you’re unlucky enough to be bitten by one of these, you’ll likely experience symptoms within a few hours. These can include:

• Intense pain and swelling around the bite area
• Nausea and vomiting
• Elevated heart rate and blood pressure
• Muscle cramps and spasms
• Difficulty breathing

Symptoms can vary in severity depending on the amount of venom injected, as well as the age and health of the person bitten. In some cases, the bite can be fatal.

Treatment Options

If you suspect that you’ve been bitten by a Brazilian wandering spider, it’s important to seek medical attention immediately.

The first step is to clean the wound with soap and water and apply a cold compress to reduce swelling. You should then try to keep the affected limb immobilized and elevated.

In severe cases, antivenom may be necessary to counteract the effects of the spider’s venom.

This is typically administered in a hospital setting, where the patient can be closely monitored for any adverse reactions.

Why Banana Spider?

These spiders acquired their other common name, “banana spider”, because it is claimed that they are occasionally found in shipments of bananas, though the number of reports is exaggerated due to common misidentifications of unrelated spiders.

A survey of spiders found in international shipments to North America revealed that only 7 of 135 spiders were  Phoneutria  species, six being  Phoneutria boliviensis  from bananas and one  Phoneutria nigriventer  from a shipment of electrical parts.

Interesting Facts

This arachnid is named for its habit of wandering the forest floor in search of prey, rather than building webs like other spiders.

Male spiders of this species will perform a “dance” to attract females, waving their pedipalps and vibrating their bodies to create a rhythmic sound.

In some parts of South America, the spider is considered a delicacy and is even used as an ingredient in traditional medicine.

By understanding its physical characteristics, habitat, and venom, we can better protect ourselves from encountering this arachnid in the wild.

If you do happen to be bitten, remember to seek medical attention immediately to prevent potentially fatal consequences.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider is not the only deadly spider in the world, check out our article on the Funnel-Web Spider for some more interesting spider goodness!

Is the Brazilian wandering spider the most venomous spider in the world?

Yes, this spider is considered one of the most venomous spiders in the world.

How do I avoid encountering a Brazilian wandering spider?

The best way to avoid encountering a Brazilian wandering spider is to stay away from its natural habitat, which includes forests and grasslands. Be sure to shake out any clothing or shoes before putting them on, and keep your home clean and free of clutter.

Can you die from a Brazilian wandering spider bite?

Yes, in severe cases, a Brazilian wandering spider bite can be fatal.

Are there any natural remedies for a Brazilian wandering spider bite?

No, there are no known natural remedies for a Brazilian wandering spider bite. Seek medical attention immediately.

What should I do if I see a Brazilian wandering spider in my home?

If you see a Brazilian wandering spider in your home, do not attempt to handle it. Call a professional exterminator to safely remove the spider.

How can the venom of the Brazilian wandering spider be used in medicine?

The venom of the Brazilian wandering spider contains a molecule that can help to treat erectile dysfunction, and is being researched as a potential treatment for other conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy.

Are Brazilian wandering spiders found only in Brazil?

No, while the Brazilian wandering spider is primarily found in Brazil, it can also be found in other countries in South America.

How can I identify a Brazilian wandering spider?

The Brazilian wandering spider is typically brown or black in color, with long, hairy legs and a body that can be up to 2 inches in length. It has a distinctive red marking on its underside, which is often used as a warning signal to potential predators.

Can I keep a Brazilian wandering spider as a pet?

No, it is illegal to keep a Brazilian wandering spider as a pet in many countries, including the United States. Additionally, the spider’s venom makes it a dangerous animal to keep in captivity.

What should I do if I encounter a Brazilian wandering spider in the wild?

If you encounter a Brazilian wandering spider in the wild, the best course of action is to stay away from it and not disturb it. If you do get bitten, seek medical attention immediately. Remember to never attempt to handle or capture a venomous spider like the Brazilian wandering spider, as it can be extremely dangerous.

However, not all spiders are created equal. Some of them are quite docile and even friendly (ish)! We have a great article on jumping spiders HERE for example.

Until next time, stay spidery!

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Brazilian Wandering Spider

Brazilian Wandering Spider , scientifically known as Phoneutria, emerges as a captivating enigma in the realm of arachnids.

Renowned for its formidable reputation as one of the world’s most venomous spiders , Phoneutria embodies a plethora of intriguing traits that have captured the curiosity of enthusiasts and researchers alike.

From its distinctive appearance and neurotoxic venom to its nomadic hunting strategies and unique mating behaviors , this remarkable spider species holds a wealth of fascinating secrets waiting to be unraveled.

Join us as we embark on a journey to explore the captivating world of the Brazilian Wandering Spider, shedding light on its captivating characteristics and dispelling myths that have shrouded its true nature.

1. Taxonomy and Distribution of the Brazilian Wandering Spider

A. scientific classification of phoneutria.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider, scientifically referred to as Phoneutria, occupies a distinct place within the arachnid taxonomy.

Belonging to the family Ctenidae, this spider genus is further categorized into several species, each boasting unique traits and behaviors .

Phoneutria’s taxonomic position not only distinguishes it from its arachnid counterparts but also underscores its intriguing evolutionary journey.

B. Native Habitat in South and Central America

Endemic to the lush landscapes of South and Central America, the Brazilian Wandering Spider finds its natural haven within these diverse regions.

From the rainforests of the Amazon to the tropical stretches of the Caribbean, Phoneutria has adapted to a range of environments over the course of its evolution.

The spider’s ancestral ties to these regions are tightly woven into their behaviors , anatomy, and survival strategies.

C. Preference for Tropical Rainforests and Urban Areas

Within its native territories, the Brazilian Wandering Spider exhibits remarkable versatility in its chosen habitats.

While it thrives amidst the vibrant biodiversity of tropical rainforests, it has also displayed a propensity for urban locales.

Phoneutria’s adaptability has led it to establish a presence in urban areas, where it often finds shelter in crevices, gardens, and even human dwellings.

This adaptability to both wild and urban spaces further showcases the spider’s resilience and capacity to thrive in varying conditions.

2. Physical Characteristics of the Brazilian Wandering Spider

A. size, coloration, and distinctive markings.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider , a creature of remarkable visual intrigue, boasts an array of captivating physical attributes.

Ranging in size from a few centimeters to several inches, Phoneutria showcases a size diversity that reflects the breadth of its genus.

Its coloration varies across species, encompassing shades of brown, black, and gray, often accompanied by intricate patterns and markings that adorn its exoskeleton.

These unique markings serve not only as a visual spectacle but also as essential components of its survival toolkit.

B. Camouflage and Defense Mechanisms

The Brazilian Wandering Spider’s appearance is a masterpiece of evolution, meticulously crafted to ensure both survival and predation .

Its coloration and markings are tailor-made for blending seamlessly into its surroundings, granting it a potent advantage in ambushing prey and evading predators . Moreover, these markings also play a role in its defense mechanisms.

When threatened, Phoneutria adopts a defensive posture, raising its front legs and revealing its striking markings, a visual warning to potential threats. This dual-purpose camouflage and defense strategy exemplify nature’s ingenuity at its finest.

C. Sexual Dimorphism: Unveiling Gender Differences

A fascinating facet of the Brazilian Wandering Spider lies in the realm of sexual dimorphism , where gender-based variations manifest in pronounced ways.

Females tend to be larger and more robust than their male counterparts, showcasing a size disparity that has evolved in tandem with their roles in reproduction and hunting .

Beyond size, other characteristics, such as leg structure and coloration, also exhibit subtle differences between male and female Phoneutria specimens.

This divergence in physical traits adds depth to our understanding of the species’ intricate biology and behavior .

In exploring the physical characteristics of the Brazilian Wandering Spider , we uncover a canvas painted with size diversity, intricate coloration, and unique markings.

These features, finely tuned by evolution, contribute to its prowess in camouflage and defense, while the fascinating interplay of sexual dimorphism further enriches our perception of this captivating arachnid species .

3. Venomous Nature of the Brazilian Wandering Spider

A. potent neurotoxic venom: a silent lethal weapon.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider, known scientifically as Phoneutria, harbors a venomous arsenal that stands as a testament to nature’s intricate design.

This spider’s venom contains a potent concoction of neurotoxic compounds, tailored by evolution to incapacitate its prey swiftly and efficiently.

The neurotoxins interfere with nerve cell communication, leading to paralysis and ensuring that Phoneutria’s quarry is rendered immobile and defenseless, setting the stage for a successful meal.

B. Effects on Prey and Human Hazard

When a victim succumbs to the Brazilian Wandering Spider’s venom , the effects are a symphony of paralysis and predation .

The venom’s impact on the prey’s nervous system results in swift immobilization, offering the spider a decisive advantage in subduing its catch.

While this venomous efficiency is well-adapted for predation, it also underscores the potential danger to humans.

A bite from Phoneutria can lead to a series of neurotoxic reactions, with varying degrees of severity depending on factors such as the individual’s age and overall health.

While human envenomations are relatively rare, they can result in a range of symptoms, from localized pain and swelling to more severe neurological effects.

C. Recorded Cases of Envenomations: Unraveling the Symptoms

Throughout history, documented cases of Phoneutria envenomations have offered insights into the spider’s potential threat to humans .

Symptoms typically include intense pain at the bite site, accompanied by swelling and redness . In some instances, victims have reported systemic reactions, such as muscle cramps, elevated heart rate, and even breathing difficulties.

Swift medical attention and the administration of antivenom have proven effective in mitigating the severity of these symptoms.

These cases serve as a reminder of the delicate balance between the Brazilian Wandering Spider’s potent venom and the potential risks it poses to those who unwittingly encounter it.

4. Hunting and Diet of the Brazilian Wandering Spider

A. hunting techniques and wandering behavior.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider, scientifically known as Phoneutria, unveils a mesmerizing repertoire of hunting techniques that set it apart as a master predator .

Displaying an agile and nomadic behavior , Phoneutria does not confine itself to the confines of a web. Instead, it actively prowls its surroundings, tirelessly searching for potential prey.

This dynamic wandering behavior ensures that its chances of encountering a variety of food sources are maximized, showcasing a strategic approach to sustenance.

B. Active Hunting Triumphs Over Web-Building

Unlike its web-weaving counterparts, the Brazilian Wandering Spider relies on a more hands-on approach to securing its next meal.

While weaving webs might seem an efficient method, Phoneutria’s active hunting strategy offers a distinct advantage in versatility.

By forgoing the constraints of a stationary web, it can tailor its approach to suit different environments and prey types, adapting its tactics on the fly.

This adaptability demonstrates the spider’s remarkable ability to adjust its methods for optimal results.

C. Diverse Prey Spectrum: Insects to Small Vertebrates

Phoneutria’s diet is a testament to its prowess as an opportunistic predator . Its menu spans a diverse range of creatures, from insects like crickets and cockroaches to small vertebrates such as lizards and frogs , and even small rodents.

This wide-ranging palate highlights its ecological significance in controlling various populations within its habitat.

By consuming creatures both large and small, Phoneutria ensures a balanced ecosystem, playing a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and ecological equilibrium.

5. Mating and Reproduction of the Brazilian Wandering Spider

A. courtship rituals and behaviors: a complex affair.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider, scientifically referred to as Phoneutria, reveals a captivating array of courtship rituals and behaviors that form the cornerstone of its reproductive cycle.

Courtship among these arachnids is a complex affair, involving intricate dances and displays that serve as both communication and assessment.

Male Phoneutria employs a combination of visual cues, vibrations, and tactile interactions to court potential mates.

This elaborate courtship process highlights the significance of precise communication in the delicate dance of reproduction .

B. Cannibalistic Tendencies: A Post-Mating Phenomenon

An aspect that sets Phoneutria’s mating process apart is the notorious cannibalistic tendency exhibited by females after mating.

Following successful mating, females may exhibit an inclination to consume their partners. This seemingly counterintuitive behavior has evolutionary underpinnings.

It is believed that this cannibalistic act not only provides the female with a much-needed nutritional boost but also eliminates potential competitors and safeguards the male’s investment in the next generation.

This intriguing behavior sheds light on the complexities of reproductive strategies within the species.

C. The Unique Mating Plug Phenomenon: A Puzzling Enigma

A distinctive feature in Phoneutria’s reproductive saga is the enigmatic mating plug phenomenon. After mating, male Phoneutria deposit a specialized substance that forms a plug within the female’s reproductive tract.

This plug is believed to serve multiple purposes. It may prevent other males from mating with the female, thus ensuring the successful transmission of the mating male’s genetic material.

Additionally, it might aid in sealing off the female’s reproductive tract, potentially protecting her from external pathogens.

This phenomenon underscores the intricate interplay of biological strategies that contribute to the species’ reproductive success.

6. Human Interaction and Urban Legends of the Brazilian Wandering Spider

A. occasional presence in urban areas: nature in our midst.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider, scientifically known as Phoneutria, has carved a niche for itself not only in the wild but also in the fabric of urban environments.

While its primary habitats are the lush landscapes of South and Central America, Phoneutria occasionally ventures into human -inhabited spaces. Its adaptability allows it to find shelter in gardens, crevices, and even within homes.

This coexistence with humans adds an intriguing dimension to our encounters with this enigmatic arachnid .

B. Debunking Misconceptions: Separating Fact from Fiction

The presence of the Brazilian Wandering Spider has sparked a plethora of misconceptions and exaggerated tales, contributing to the creation of urban legends.

Stories of spiders leaping from banana bunches or hiding under toilet seats have become part of modern folklore, often fueled by sensationalism.

It’s crucial to sift through these tales and recognize that while Phoneutria’s venom is potent, the likelihood of encountering a dangerous encounter is relatively low.

Separating fact from fiction empowers individuals to approach these creatures with accurate knowledge.

C. Importance of Proper Education: Identifying Friend from Foe

Education plays a pivotal role in fostering a harmonious coexistence between humans and the Brazilian Wandering Spider .

Learning to identify and understand the behaviors of Phoneutria species enhances safety for both humans and the spiders themselves.

Instead of succumbing to unwarranted fear, individuals can take steps to reduce the chances of accidental encounters and, if necessary, engage in responsible removal methods.

By arming themselves with knowledge, individuals can navigate encounters with urban-dwelling Phoneutria specimens with confidence and respect.

7. Brazilian Wandering Spider Conservation and Misunderstanding

A. significance of phoneutria in ecosystem dynamics.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider , scientifically termed Phoneutria, assumes a pivotal role within its ecosystem, contributing to a delicate balance of populations and interactions.

As a top-tier predator , it plays a crucial part in controlling insect and small vertebrate populations, preventing unchecked growth that could disrupt the ecosystem’s equilibrium.

By maintaining these population dynamics, Phoneutria ensures the health and stability of its habitat, highlighting its significance beyond its ominous reputation.

B. Impact of Fear and Misunderstanding: Hindrances to Conservation

Despite its ecological contributions, the Brazilian Wandering Spider often falls victim to fear-driven misconceptions that negatively impact conservation efforts.

Misunderstandings surrounding its behavior and potential danger can lead to unwarranted extermination campaigns and habitat destruction.

Fear-driven reactions not only disrupt the natural balance but also hinder opportunities to study and appreciate the species for its ecological significance.

Addressing these misconceptions is crucial to ensuring the spider’s survival and maintaining the health of its ecosystems.

C. Efforts to Dispel Myths and Promote Coexistence

Efforts to conserve the Brazilian Wandering Spider are interwoven with endeavors to educate and dispel myths.

By providing accurate information and dispelling exaggerated tales, conservationists aim to reshape public perception.

Collaborative initiatives emphasize coexistence, highlighting the importance of responsible behavior when encountering Phoneutria.

Educating communities about the spider’s role, behavior, and conservation status fosters an environment where fear gives way to appreciation, and where balanced cohabitation becomes a reality.

8. Research and Medical Significance of the Brazilian Wandering Spider

A. ongoing scientific research on phoneutria venom.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider , Phoneutria, has garnered significant attention from the scientific community due to the unique properties of its venom.

Ongoing research delves into the intricate composition of the venom, aiming to unlock its mysteries and potential applications in various fields.

The diverse array of compounds within the venom, particularly its neurotoxic components, has attracted interest for their potential medical and therapeutic implications.

B. Antivenom Development and Therapeutic Prospects

One of the most promising areas of research surrounding Phoneutria lies in the development of antivenoms and therapeutic agents.

The venom’s potent neurotoxic effects on the nervous system have spurred efforts to create targeted treatments for conditions such as chronic pain and neurological disorders .

Additionally, the potential for antivenoms holds promise in mitigating the effects of envenomations, offering a lifeline for individuals who encounter these spiders .

This focus on harnessing the venom’s properties for positive medical outcomes highlights the transformative potential within this enigmatic arachnid .

C. Balanced Perspectives: Navigating Ethical and Scientific Endeavors

While research on the Brazilian Wandering Spider’s venom offers tremendous potential, it necessitates a balanced perspective.

As researchers probe the venom’s properties, ethical considerations arise, including the well-being of the spiders and their ecosystems.

A holistic approach acknowledges the value of understanding Phoneutria’s natural behaviors and conserving its habitats.

This balanced perspective extends to utilizing the venom’s potential responsibly, ensuring that breakthroughs are achieved while respecting the complex interplay of science and nature.

9. Frequently Asked Questions about the Brazilian Wandering Spider

What is the brazilian wandering spider.

The Brazilian Wandering Spider , scientifically known as Phoneutria, is a venomous arachnid found in South and Central America. It’s notorious for its potent venom and is considered one of the most venomous spiders in the world.

Is the Brazilian Wandering Spider dangerous to humans?

Yes, the Brazilian Wandering Spider’s venom contains potent neurotoxins that can cause a range of symptoms in humans , from localized pain and swelling to more severe reactions. While bites are relatively rare, it’s advisable to exercise caution when encountering these spiders.

What is the spider’s habitat?

The Brazilian Wandering Spider is native to tropical rainforests of South and Central America. However, it’s adaptable and can also be found in urban areas, such as gardens and houses.

How does the Brazilian Wandering Spider hunt?

Unlike many spiders that build webs, Phoneutria is an active hunter. It roams its environment in search of prey, relying on its keen senses to detect vibrations and movements.

Are Brazilian Wandering Spiders aggressive toward humans?

Brazilian Wandering Spiders are not naturally aggressive towards humans and will typically only bite in self-defense. However, caution is advised, especially in areas where these spiders are known to inhabit.

Can the Brazilian Wandering Spider’s venom be used for medical purposes?

Yes, research is ongoing into the potential medical applications of Phoneutria’s venom. Its neurotoxic properties have sparked interest in pain management and neurological treatments.

Is the spider’s reputation for crawling into banana shipments true?

While there have been stories of Brazilian Wandering Spiders being found in shipments of bananas, these occurrences are extremely rare. Spiders are unlikely to survive the conditions of shipping and storage.

How can I stay safe around Brazilian Wandering Spiders?

To stay safe, it’s important to be cautious when encountering spiders in their natural habitat. Avoid provoking or handling them, especially if you’re unsure of their identity. If you suspect you’ve been bitten, seek medical attention promptly.

Are there any efforts to conserve the Brazilian Wandering Spider?

Conservation efforts for the Brazilian Wandering Spider are intertwined with public education and dispelling myths. Recognizing its role in ecosystems and promoting coexistence are essential steps in preserving this unique species.

What can I do if I find a Brazilian Wandering Spider in my home?

If you encounter a Brazilian Wandering Spider in your home, it’s advisable to contact local pest control professionals who can safely remove the spider without causing harm.

In the intricate tapestry of nature, the Brazilian Wandering Spider , Phoneutria, emerges as a creature of both fascination and caution.

Its venomous nature and captivating behaviors have earned it a place among the most enigmatic arachnids .

As we continue to explore its world, debunk myths, and understand its vital role in ecosystems, we find a delicate balance between awe and respect.

Armed with knowledge, we navigate the realm of Phoneutria, appreciating its complexity while fostering coexistence, a testament to the intricate dance between humans and the natural world.

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Brazilian Wandering Spider (Phoneutria Nigriventer)

The Brazilian wandering spider (Phoneutria nigriventer), also known as the armed spider or banana spider, is a deadly spider native to South America. This large, venomous arachnid is widely recognised as one of the most venomous spiders in the world. With a range of fascinating behaviours and unique adaptations, the Brazilian wandering spider has become a subject of interest for scientists and enthusiasts alike.

Physical Characteristics

Brazilian wandering spiders are known for their robust build, long legs, and powerful fangs. They are large spiders, with an average leg span of up to 6 inches (15 cm) and a body length that ranges from 1.7 to 2 inches (4.3 to 5 cm). Their size makes them particularly intimidating to encounter, as they are one of the largest spiders in their region.

The spider’s colouration varies depending on the species, but most Brazilian wandering spiders are brownish in colour with black or dark markings. This colouration enables them to blend into their natural habitat, making it easier for them to ambush their prey.

Anatomically, these spiders have a robust body, long and thick legs, and powerful fangs that can deliver venomous bites. Their eyes are arranged in two rows, with a total of eight eyes, which gives them a wide field of vision and the ability to detect motion from various angles. Their chelicerae (fang-bearing mouthparts) are large and powerful, capable of piercing the skin and delivering venom to their prey.

Brazilian wandering spiders are primarily found in the tropical rainforests of South America, especially in Brazil, and one species in North America. Their preferred habitat includes a variety of environments ranging from the forest floor to trees and shrubs. The dense vegetation of the rainforest provides them with ample hiding spots, making it easier for them to ambush their prey.

These spiders are highly adaptable and can survive in a range of environments. They have even been found in human settlements, particularly in rural areas where there is less disturbance. In such cases, they may seek refuge in homes, barns, or other structures, especially during periods of heavy rain or when searching for food.

Diet and Hunting Techniques

Brazilian wandering spiders are carnivorous predators that primarily feed on insects, other spiders, and small vertebrates such as lizards and frogs. They have a diverse diet and can consume a wide range of prey, depending on their size and availability.

Unlike many other spiders, Brazilian wandering spiders do not spin webs to catch their prey. Instead, they actively hunt for food, relying on their acute senses, speed, and agility to catch their prey. They use a combination of stealth and ambush tactics to get close to their prey, and then swiftly strike with a venomous bite, immobilising their victim.

The wandering behaviour of these spiders is what gives them their name. Instead of building a permanent web and waiting for prey to come to them, Brazilian wandering spiders actively search for food. This makes them highly mobile and increases their chances of encountering a wide variety of prey.

When threatened, Brazilian wandering spiders are known for their aggressive behaviour. They may raise their front legs and display their fangs in a defensive posture. This behaviour is a warning to potential predators that they are armed with venom and ready to strike if necessary.

Reproduction

The reproduction process in Brazilian wandering spiders begins with courtship rituals. Males initiate mating by approaching females and signalling their intentions through vibrations and leg movements. Once the female is receptive, the male deposits his sperm into the female’s reproductive organs.

After mating, the female lays a clutch of eggs and guards them until they hatch. The spiderlings then disperse to start their independent lives. As they grow, they moult several times, shedding their exoskeletons and developing into mature spiders.

The Brazilian wandering spider venom is highly potent and contains a mix of toxins, including neurotoxins, proteins, and enzymes. This venom is highly effective at immobilising their prey, making it easier for the spider to consume it.

In humans, the venom can cause a range of symptoms, including intense pain, swelling, excessive sweating, blurred vision, and elevated heart rate. In rare cases, Brazilian wandering spider bite can lead to severe complications or even death. However, with prompt medical treatment, most victims recover without long-term effects.

Brazilian Wandering Spider and Humans

Brazilian wandering spiders are known to occasionally enter human settlements, especially in rural areas. While these encounters can be unnerving, the spiders generally prefer to avoid confrontation with humans.

If you encounter a Brazilian wandering spider, it is important to stay calm and avoid provoking it. If you are bitten, seek medical attention immediately, as prompt treatment is crucial for minimising the effects of the venom.

Conservation Efforts

Conservation efforts are essential for Brazilian wandering spiders, as their natural habitat is increasingly threatened by deforestation, agriculture, and urbanisation. Protecting the rainforests and other natural habitats of these spiders is crucial for their survival.

Interesting Facts

• The venom of the Brazilian wandering spider is being studied for potential medical applications, including pain relief and anti-venom development.
• Despite their reputation as highly venomous spiders, Brazilian wandering spiders play an important role in controlling insect populations in their ecosystems.
• These spiders are also known as “banana spiders” because they have been found in shipments of bananas.

The Brazilian wandering spider (Phoneutria nigriventer) is a remarkable arachnid with unique adaptations and behaviours. Despite their fearsome reputation, these spiders are an essential part of their ecosystems and play a vital role in controlling pest populations. Understanding and respecting these spiders is crucial for their conservation and coexistence with humans.

Sam loves to learn about animals and their habitats. He has been a nature lover from a very young age, and has been writing papers and articles about wildlife for as long as he can remember.

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Phoneutria fera

Meet the Phoneutria fera, also known as the ‘ Brazilian wandering spider’ or ‘banana spider.’ These spiders call the forests of South America their home. In this article, you’ll find interesting facts about this unique spider.

Scientific Classification

• Family: Ctenidae
• Genus: Phoneutria

Physical Description and Identification

• Size: 1.7 – 4.8 cm

• Color: Their body and legs are light brown, with red mouthparts.
• Other Characteristic Features: Similar to others in its genus, they will raise their front limbs in an aggressive stance to warn enemies.

After mating, the female will lay her eggs and cover them in a liquid which will solidify to form a gelatinous mass. The mother will then encase them in a sac made of silk.

Females may lay over 1,000 eggs at a time.

Spiderlings

Initially, the larvae do not show much mobility after hatching. Slowly over time, they will develop hair, spines, and claws. Eventually, they become capable of movement. After undergoing a few molts, they begin to resemble the adults.

Since they capture prey by wandering about and ambushing them, these spiders do not construct elaborate webbing to catch their food.

Are Phoneutria Spiders Venomous?

Yes, Phoneutria spiders are venomous and are considered one of the most toxic spiders in the world . The venom of this spider is quite deadly and medically significant, having caused a few deaths before anti-venom was developed.

Can Phoneutria Spiders Bite?

Yes, Phoneutria spiders can bite. Their bite can be painful and cause various symptoms. However, fatal bites are rare nowadays, as the spider’s fangs aren’t large enough to inject vast quantities of venom and treatments are more widespread.

Ecological Importance and Behavior of Phoneutria fera

The Phoneutria fera plays a vital role in controlling the population of various small animals and insects, maintaining ecological balance. Their aggressive and nomadic nature makes them formidable predators in their habitat.

Natural Predators: Despite their venomous bite, Phoneutria spiders are not without predators. They face threats from tarantula hawks, coatis, and raccoons. Their survival tactics include their aggressive stance and rapid movement, aiding in both hunting and evading predators.

Prey-Predator Dynamics: As apex invertebrate predators in their ecosystem, they help control the population of their prey, which includes a variety of insects and small animals, thereby contributing to the stability of their habitat.

Relationship with Humans: While their venom is potent, instances of human fatalities are extremely rare, and with medical advancements, their bites are treatable. Their presence in urban areas highlights their adaptability, though it also underscores the importance of public awareness and education regarding these spiders.

Quick Facts

Did you know.

• German entomologist Josef Anton Maximilian Perty first described this species in 1833.

In conclusion, the Brazilian wandering spider, with its formidable hunting tactics, potent venom, and unique behaviors, stands as a fascinating subject of study.

Other Spiders in this Family

Wandering spiders.

Phoneutria depilata

Phoneutria boliviensis

Phoneutria nigriventer

Southeastern Wandering (Anahita punctulata)

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FACTS ABOUT Wandering spider

Brazilian wandering spider

Phoneutria genus.

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Did you know? Our Rainforest Expeditions guests find the relatives of these shy, eight-legged creatures on night hikes!

Brazilian wandering spider fun facts.

• Most toxic spider venom is known : The venom of at least one species of Phoneutria is much more toxic than the Black Widow Spider and can easily kill mice with one bite. Human fatalities in Brazil are an extremely rare occurrence.
• No web : Unlike many other spiders, the wandering spiders don’t build webs but actively search for their prey.
• The banana spider : Wandering spiders occasionally turn up in shipments of bananas! One such stowaway actually bit a man in England in 2005. He survived but spent a week in the hospital!
• Understory predator : These spiders are active, aggressive predators that feed on large insects, small lizards, mice, and frogs.

How to plan your Amazon jungle travel to see Brazilian Wandering Spiders and other jungle wildlife

• Go on a night hike: These large spiders are most active at night. We have nightly hikes in the rainforest with trained guides so you can see wandering spiders and other nocturnal jungle animals.
• Make science happen with AmazonCam: even if Amazon Travel is not in your short-term plans, you can connect with Amazon wildlife!
• And of course, if you´re thinking (or even dreaming) of Amazon jungle Travel, drop by to chat with the Amazon Travel experts . We will help you get there.

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The World’s Most Venomous Spider: The Brazilian Wandering Spider

Published: August 10, 2023

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Few things fear people’s hearts, like the mention of venomous spiders. According to the Guinness World Records , venomous spiders are some of the most dangerous creatures on Earth, and the Brazilian Wandering Spider is the world’s most venomous spider. This elusive arachnid is found in the rainforests of South America, more specifically in Brazil, Argentina, and French Guiana. ‘

It is considered one of Brazil’s most significant public health threats, with a potent venom capable of causing extreme pain, paralysis, and even death. Despite its fearsome reputation, however, the Brazilian Wandering Spider is a fascinating and unique creature with many incredible features that make it stand out from other spiders.

Jump ahead to any section below!

Brazilian Wandering Spider’s Habitat And Range

The Brazilian Wandering Spider is found in the rainforests of South America. These rainforests are the world’s largest and most biodiverse terrestrial ecosystems, covering an area of approximately 6.7 million square kilometers. This equates to roughly 40% of the total area of South America and spans nine countries, including Brazil, Peru, and Colombia.

The Amazon rainforest, the most extensive rainforest on Earth, plays an essential role in the Brazilian Wandering Spider’s habitat and range. The spider relies heavily on the dense canopy of trees in these rainforests for shelter and protection. The Amazon rainforest also provides the spider with an abundant prey source, including insects, small mammals, and other spiders.

The South American rainforests are characterized by their warm and humid climate, which creates the ideal conditions for the Brazilian Wandering Spider to thrive. These ecosystems also have a high rainfall throughout the year, which sustains the dense vegetation and creates an ideal environment for spiders to hunt and reproduce.

Check out: Uncovering The Enigma Of The Greenland Shark .

Specific Locations The Brazilian Wandering Spider Is found

The Brazilian Wandering Spider is most commonly found in Brazil. It can also be found in other parts of South America, such as Argentina and French Guiana. In Brazil, the spider can be found in various regions. This includes the Amazon rainforest, the Atlantic forest, and the Caatinga ecosystem.

The Atlantic forest, a tropical forest that spans the Brazilian coast, is also an important habitat for the Brazilian Wandering Spider. This ecosystem is under threat due to deforestation and urbanization. This has resulted in the loss of the spider’s natural habitat.

In French Guiana, the spider is present in the Guiana Amazonian Park, a protected area of the Amazon rainforest managed by the French government. The Guiana Amazonian Park is home to an array of biodiversity, including monkeys, jaguars, and over 400 species of birds. This makes it an important region for the Brazilian Wandering Spider’s survival.

Brazilian Wandering Spider’s Characteristics

It is a remarkable arachnid species found in the rainforests of South America. It has numerous unique characteristics from other spiders. The Spider is large and intimidating, measuring up to 10 inches (25 cm) in leg span. Its body size ranges from 0.98 to 1.77 inches (2.5 to 4.5 cm) in length. This makes it one of the biggest spider species in the world. It has eight long and hairy legs, which help it move quickly and climb trees effortlessly.

The spider is striking, with a shiny brown or black body covered in short fine hairs. Its legs are also covered in fine hairs with dark stripes or spots. These markings have a unique pattern that helps to identify the spider from other species. Unlike most spiders, the Brazilian Wandering Spider doesn’t have a distinct web-spinning organ. But instead moves around the forest floor and trees in search of its prey.

Behavioral Patterns

They are aptly named because they are known to wander about and can cover a great distance while searching for food and mates. It’s primarily active at night and is a solitary hunter that preys on insects, spiders, rodents, and even small snakes. It has a unique hunting technique where it grabs its prey with its front legs and sinks fangs into it, injecting a potent venom that can quickly immobilize and kill its victim. Interestingly, this spider can adjust the amount of venom it injects to fit the size and the species of its prey, a skill unique to this spider species.

During the mating season, the Brazilian Wandering Spider’s behavior changes drastically. The males will approach females cautiously, tapping on the female’s web to signal their interest. They then perform a complex courtship display that involves waving their front legs, drumming their pedipalps, and vibrating on webs. The more intricate the display, the higher the chances of mating with the female.

Brazilian Wandering Spider’s Venom

The venom of the Brazilian Wandering Spider is considered one of the deadliest in the world. The potency of the venom is due to the presence of a potent neurotoxin called PhTx3. This toxin is responsible for the spider’s ability to paralyze its prey and defend itself from predators.

In scientific studies, the venom of the Brazilian Wandering Spider has proven to be significantly more toxic than other venomous spiders, such as the Black Widow and the Brown Recluse. The effectiveness of this venom is a result of its unique chemical structure, which allows it to attack the nervous system of its victim and cause significant damage.

Check out: Bengal Tiger Vs. Western Diamondback Rattlesnake .

Effects Of Venom On Humans And Animals

The effects of the venom of the Brazilian Wandering Spider can be devastating. When bitten, victims may experience severe pain, muscle spasms, and even paralysis. In extreme cases, the venom can cause respiratory failure, resulting in death.

While the venom initially causes pain and discomfort, it can lead to severe, long-lasting symptoms. In addition to causing physical harm, the venom can also have psychological effects, leading to anxiety, panic attacks, and even PTSD.

Animals are also susceptible to the venom of the Brazilian Wandering Spider . Small animals, such as mice and birds, are often preyed upon by the spider, while larger animals, such as dogs and cats, can be bitten accidentally.

Public Health Threat And Prevention

The Brazilian Wandering Spider is a significant public health threat in Brazil, with hundreds of bites reported yearly. The spider has a wide distribution throughout the country, and its venom is particularly toxic, making it a serious risk to human health.

Also, the spider is especially dangerous because it is highly aggressive and can be found in homes, gardens, and public spaces. This means that anyone can encounter the spider, regardless of location or occupation, making it difficult to prevent bites.

Measures Taken To Prevent Bites And Treat Victims

To prevent bites from the Brazilian Wandering Spider, it is essential to take steps to reduce the risk of encountering the spider. This may include keeping homes and gardens free of clutter and debris, sealing windows and doors, and avoiding areas where the spider is known to live.

In the case of a bite, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. While no anti-venom is available, medical professionals can offer supportive care to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.

Frequently Asked Questions

The Brazilian Wandering Spider’s venom contains a potent neurotoxin called PhTx3, which can cause extreme pain, muscle spasms, and paralysis in humans. This venom is 20 times more deadly than a rattlesnake’s and can cause respiratory failure in victims.

It is primarily found in South and Central America, especially in the Amazon rainforest. They hide in dark, moist environments such as piles of leaves, tree trunks, and burrows.

To avoid contact with the Brazilian Wandering Spider, it is important to inspect your surroundings, especially before putting on shoes or reaching into piles of debris. It is advisable to wear gloves and long sleeves when working outdoors or in areas where these spiders may be present. If you suspect a Brazilian Wandering Spider has bitten you, seek medical attention immediately.

Overall, the Brazilian Wandering Spider is a fascinating and deadly spider that deserves respect and caution. Though its venom is incredibly potent, the spider itself is a remarkable creature. Its ability to move quickly and seamlessly across the ground makes it a formidable predator in its native habitats. 

Despite its fearsome reputation, we must learn to coexist with this remarkable arachnid, preserving its unique place in the natural world. Given the immense diversity and beauty of our planet’s biodiversity, the Brazilian Wandering Spider reminds us that we still have much to learn about the remarkable creatures that share our planet.

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Brazilian Wandering Spider: Care, Food, Habitat & Preventions

Mike Wallace

Have you ever heard of or do you know what a  Brazilian wandering spider is ? It is a big venomous spider from places like Central and South America, and people sometimes call it the  banana spider . Why? Well, we are about to find out!

Table of Contents

These wandering spiders are aggressive hunters who go out on the hunt at night. Their meals include both invertebrates (like insects) and vertebrates (creatures with a backbone, like small animals).

These spiders are super dangerous because their venom is like a powerful potion that can make people really sick or even worse. They usually hang out in tropical rainforests and even in cities, hiding in banana plants. 

So, let’s get more information about the world of this sneaky spider to learn the details about its looks, eating habits, where it lives, the venom it carries, and find out if it is genuinely risky. Ready to explore? Keep reading!

Brazilian Wandering Spider Description:

Scientific name and family:.

In Brazil, they are sometimes known as “ armed spiders ” (armadeiras), and they share the name “ banana spiders ” with a few other spiders. They have different names, but they are all talking about the same interesting spider!

The Brazilian wandering spider, scientifically known as  Phoneutria , Maximilian Perty kickstarted the Phoneutria genus in 1833. The name comes from the Greek word φονεύτρια , which means “murderess” and falls under the Animalia kingdom, Arthropoda phylum, and Arachnida class.

Within Arachnida, it is classified in the order Araneae, infraorder Araneomorphae, and Ctenidae family. The genus Phoneutria, described by Perty in 1833, includes the type species  Phoneutria fera .

This classification helps us understand where these spiders fit into the larger picture of living organisms.

The following 9 species are accepted by The  World Spider Catalog :

• Phoneutria bahiensis
• Phoneutria boliviensis
• Phoneutria eickstedtae
• Phoneutria fera
• Phoneutria keyserlingi
• Phoneutria nigriventer
• Phoneutria pertyi
• Phoneutria reidyi
• Phoneutria depilata

What do Brazilian Wandering Spider look like?

Size range:.

The spiders in the Phoneutria group can get pretty big in size. Their legs can stretch out to be 13 to 18 centimeters (5 to 7 inches) wide, and their bodies can have a range between 17 to 48 millimeters (a little more than half an inch to almost 2 inches) long.

The female Brazilian spiders can get pretty big, reaching up to 15 centimeters (5.9 inches) in length. On the other hand, the males are smaller, usually measuring around 7 centimeters (2.8 inches). They usually weigh up to 0.21 ounces.

They have long, slender legs, and even though some other spiders with different names might have longer legs, the Phoneutria spiders are champions when it comes to having the longest bodies and being the heaviest in their spider gang.

The spider’s body has two main parts. The first is the prosoma, kind of like its “head,” where you will find all eight legs, eyes, fangs (chelicera), and little multitasking arms (pedipalps).

The second part is the opisthosoma, holding the spinnerets for making silk, the back end opening (anal opening), “the lungs,” the heart, and the important bits for making baby spiders (reproductive organs).

So, the prosoma is like the front control center, and the opisthosoma is like the back office, handling things like silk-making and baby-making.

Brazilian spiders come in different colors, with most being hairy and shades of brown and gray. Some species may have lightly colored spots on their abdomen.

A distinctive feature of many species is the presence of bands of black and yellow or white on the underside of their two front legs.

Identification:

To identify a spider from the Phoneutria group, look for a dense brush of fine hairs on their leg parts. They might seem like other spiders, especially  Cupiennius , but here is how you can differentiate: 

• Phoneutria often have a dark line on the front of their palps and a thin black line on top of their head. 
• Check underneath, too; their legs usually have dark parts and light joints. Sometimes, the belly has black dots or is reddish. 
• Usually it has been observed that when they are upset, they do a cool defensive move like lifting their front legs high with a distinctive pattern. So, if you see a spider doing that dance, it is probably a Phoneutria!

Brazilian Wandering Spiders live all over the Americas, from Costa Rica to northern Argentina. They are like the residents of the jungle, chilling in forests east of the Andes in countries like Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and the Guianas.

Some, like P. reidyi, P. boliviensis, and P. fera, love the Amazon rainforest, while others prefer the Atlantic Forest in Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil.

They have also made themselves at home in the Cerrado savanna. But if you head to northeastern Brazil, they are not around. These spiders have even taken trips to Chile and Uruguay.

Why are they called Banana Spiders?

These spiders are linked with bananas. Richard S. Vetter, a researcher at the University of California, found that these powerful spiders sometimes end up in North America and Europe by accident, hitching a ride in banana shipments.

But it is often a case of mistaken identity. Only a few Phoneutria species have been found in banana shipments, and sometimes, other spiders get the blame due to misidentification. 

What They Like to Eat or Hunt?

Their food includes flies, beetles, butterflies, moths, grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets. Occasionally, they might even feast on small creatures like amphibians, reptiles, or mice. All these diet or food findings tell us about how diversified eating habits these fascinating spiders have.

Mating and Lifecycle:

Like most spiders, the female spiders are bigger than the males. When the male spider wants to be friends, they do a little dance (vibrating his pedipalps and specialized sensory appendages) to signal his intentions to impress the female, but it is a cautious approach.

The behavior of the female can be choosy, and she might say no to a few before picking the right one. 

After the dance, sometimes, the females decide to attack them, or if she is interested, she can store the male’s baby-making material in a special place until she is ready to use it.

Then, she lays a bunch of eggs, up to 1,000 at a time, and keeps them safe in a silk egg sac. Sadly, after laying her eggs, the mom spider says goodbye. It is her way of making sure the new spiders are ready to explore the world on their own.

The lifespan of the banana spider (Phoneutria nigriventer) differs for males and females. Females usually live for 6 to 8 weeks after reaching maturity, while males have a shorter lifespan of 2 to 3 weeks after their last molt. 

Certain mammals, like coatis (Procyonidae, which includes raccoons) and other small insectivores, birds are potential predators of large wandering spiders.

These spiders got their name as wandering spiders because of the fact that they are not into web building. Instead, they stroll around the forest floor at night(nocturnal), searching for dinner.

Brazilian Wandering Spiders are active hunters and use both ambush tactics and direct attacks to catch their prey. During the day, they prefer cozy spots like under logs or in crevices, only emerging at night for their hunting adventures. These spiders do not build nests like other spider species.

While wandering spiders are not naturally aggressive towards humans, they won’t hesitate to bite if they feel cornered or threatened. Most bites happen when a spider accidentally gets trapped in clothing or bedding. 

Bite and Venom:

The bite of the armed spider is the most dangerous in the world as the venom it carries can be harmful to humans.

The danger is not just about how strong the venom is; it is also about factors like the spider’s likelihood to bite and how close it is to where people live.

These spiders often hide in houses, clothes, and other dark places during the day, making accidental bites more likely. 

While their fangs are adapted for small prey, some experts think they might give a “dry” bite in defense to save venom. Studies suggest that not all bites inject venom, and serious cases requiring antivenom are rare.

However, there have been confirmed cases of death, with symptoms appearing quickly, including:

• Severe pain
• Breathing difficulties
• Increased heart rate and blood pressure
• In severe cases, paralysis and death

The severity can depend on the spider’s sex, with females generally more dangerous. The spiders produce less venom in colder months, and a small amount can be potent enough to harm.

Fortunately, bites from Brazilian spiders are rare, and when they do occur, the exposure to the toxins is generally mild, as explained by Vetter.

Also Read: What is a Huntsman Spider? (Heteropodidae) – The Ultimate Guide

Banana Spider’s Facts:

Below are essential details about Brazilian wandering spiders:

• They hold the title for the world’s largest spiders , boasting leg spans reaching up to 15 centimeters (6 inches).
• Their venom packs a powerful punch, capable of inducing severe pain, paralysis, and, in extreme cases, fatal outcomes for humans.
• Despite their intimidating reputation, they are generally non-aggressive and resort to biting only when provoked.
• These spiders inhabit tropical rainforests and urban areas across Central and South America.
• In case someone has been bitten by this spider, he/she needs quick medical treatment to control the effects timely.

Treatment and Preventive Measures:

If bitten by a wandering spider or armed spiders, prompt medical attention is crucial. There is an antivenom for the spider’s venom, but its effectiveness is highest when administered within a few hours of the bite.

To prevent a bite:

• Wear protective clothing, use shoes and long pants when in areas where these spiders are found.
• Before wearing your clothes and shoes, make sure to check them to ensure no spiders are hiding.
• Maintain cleanliness and avoid leaving food or garbage exposed, as this can attract spiders.

These preventive measures are essential for minimizing the risk of encountering and getting bitten by Banana spiders.

Can Brazilian spiders kill humans?

Brazilian wandering spiders (Phoneutria nigriventer) are venomous and can potentially kill a human with a single bite. Their venom contains a potent neurotoxin that can cause severe pain, paralysis, and even death. 

Are Brazilian spiders poisonous?

Yes the venom of this spider is poisonous, that can cause death. While Brazilian wandering spiders are potentially dangerous, actual bites are relatively rare.

By adopting preventive measures and promptly seeking medical attention if bitten, the risk of serious complications can be significantly reduced.

Can you keep Brazilian spiders as pets?

It is strongly advised against keeping wandering spiders as pets due to their venomous nature and the potential risk to human safety.

Managing these spiders in captivity demands specialized knowledge and handling procedures to minimize the risk of bites.

Final Thoughts:

The Brazilian wandering spider, banana spider, or armed spider is a large and venomous arachnid found in Central and South America. While their potent venom can be harmful to humans, encounters are rare.

These nocturnal hunters have adopted various habitats, from rainforests to urban areas, and are associated with banana shipments. Understanding their appearance, behavior, and habitat is crucial for minimizing risks.

Seeking immediate medical attention after a bite is essential, as antivenom is available but most effective when administered promptly. Despite their fearsome reputation, the Brazilian spider remains a captivating and potentially dangerous species.

About the author

Spiders Planet is the ultimate source of information about spiders! All the articles on this site will provide you with the most accurate and up-to-date information written by me and a group of writers, that is well-researched and fact-checked before it’s published.

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15 Types Of Spiders, Ranked By Danger Level

I n the intricate web of the natural world, spiders are often painted as creatures of fear and danger. Yet, beneath the surface lies a reality often overlooked: spiders are typically shy and reserved beings, opting to avoid human interaction whenever possible. According to Kids Health , they only resort to biting when provoked or inadvertently trapped, contrary to the common misconception of them as aggressive predators.

When they do bite, spider bites, despite their notorious reputation, are generally harmless. While all spiders carry poison, not all spiders contain the glands necessary to deliver this poison to humans via bite. Technically, their poison would only cause harm to you if you ingested the spider. However, it's a different story when it comes to venomous spiders. These spiders do have the ability to inject humans with their venom via bites, and some venomous spiders possess toxins that can cause serious harm, leading to potentially severe consequences if not treated promptly. 

While we might all freak out if we see bite marks on our bodies after recently encountering a spider, not all bites warrant a trip to the hospital. But some might. In this ranking, we'll explore 15 species of spiders, each with its unique level of danger if a bite were to occur.

Read more: 13 Creatures To Beware Of When Adventuring In California's Deserts

Cellar Spider

Pholcus phalangioides, also known as "daddy longlegs" or cellar spiders, belongs to the Pholcidae family. Recognized by their elongated legs and delicate appearance, they commonly inhabit dark, humid environments like basements, caves, and cellars, where they construct irregular webs to catch prey.

Cellar spiders are generally considered harmless to humans and typically display non-aggressive behavior. Preferring to avoid human contact, they are shy and reclusive creatures. Interestingly, they are beneficial as they contribute to controlling populations of other pests, such as flies and mosquitoes.

Despite their reputation, there are no documented cases of any pholcid spider biting humans and causing harm. However, a prevalent myth erroneously labels them as one of the most lethal spider species. This myth lacks scientific support, as the venom composition and potency of these spiders have never been formally studied. Studies indicate that if a person were to be bitten, the effects are usually mild and inconsequential. For instance, a 2019 study in Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution found minimal adverse reactions to bites from cellar spiders.

Common House Spider

The common house spider, scientifically known as Parasteatoda tepidariorum, is one of the most widespread and well-known spider species found in human habitats worldwide. Like daddy longlegs, these spiders are often encountered indoors, where they build irregular webs in corners, crevices, and other sheltered areas. However, they are distinguished by their darker ring-like pigmentation on their legs.

The threat level posed by common house spiders is minimal. They are not aggressive toward humans and are more likely to flee than bite when encountered. Additionally, their fangs are not well-suited for penetrating human skin, further reducing the likelihood of bites occurring. If one were to aggravate the common house spider so intensely that it does retaliate with a bite, their venom is relatively mild, rendering their bites typically harmless to humans (via Western Exterminator ). There has only been one case of a serious reaction to a bite by a common house spider, but this was because the victim was allergic (via the  University of Florida IFAS ).  

Yellow Sac Spider

The yellow sac spider, scientifically known as Cheiracanthium inclusum, is a globally distributed species found across various regions, including North America. These spiders are easily recognizable by their pale yellow to light green coloration. Despite their relatively lower profile compared to other spiders, yellow sac spiders have garnered interest due to their unique web-spinning behavior. Instead of the intricate webs commonly associated with spiders, they construct sacs using their silk, a behavior noted by Truly Nolen .

Regarding their potential danger to humans, yellow sac spiders are considered medically significant, although the extent of their threat remains a subject of debate. A study published in the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene has shed light on this issue. The study discovered that in many cases where people thought yellow sac spiders caused severe reactions, subsequent searches didn't find any of these spiders nearby. The researchers suggested that in these cases, other bugs were probably the real culprits. However, because yellow sac spiders are common, they often get blamed for the bites.

In a comprehensive multi-year study covering the United States and Australia, these researchers confirmed that yellow sac spiders were involved in only about 20 reported spider bite cases. Usually, these bites caused intense pain around the bite spot, but symptoms didn't last long, and most people didn't need medical help, suggesting that yellow sac spiders do not serve the dangerous reputation they have garnered.

Jumping Spider

Jumping spiders, members of the Salticidae family, are renowned for their agility, acute vision, and unique hunting techniques. With a staggering diversity of over 5,000 described species inhabiting various ecosystems worldwide, these spiders stand out as some of the most charismatic and easily identifiable arachnids.

Despite their prevalence, jumping spiders are generally harmless to humans. Research cited in a Toxicon study suggests that although they account for around 5% of spider bites in Australia, their bites are typically mild and pose minimal risk. Affected individuals may experience minor discomfort, redness, and swelling akin to a mosquito bite at the site of the incident (via PestWorld ). Severe reactions or systemic effects are exceptionally rare and usually occur in individuals with heightened sensitivity or allergies to spider venom, according to PestWorld. It's important to note that jumping spiders are more inclined to leap away from humans than to engage in aggressive behavior, further minimizing the likelihood of encounters resulting in bites.

Huntsman Spider

Ah, the huntsman spider -- every Aussie's unofficial roommate, lurking in the corners of homes, sheds, and garages, always ready to surprise you with its impressive size and lightning-fast movements. Belonging to the family Sparassidae, these giants of the spider world are known for their agility and distinctive appearance that can send shivers down your spine faster than a kangaroo hopping by. But fear not! Despite their formidable size and fearsome reputation, huntsman spiders are actually quite beneficial. They happily feast on insects, playing a crucial role in keeping pest populations in check.

While huntsman spiders aren't shy about defending themselves if provoked, their bites are usually more of a nuisance than a cause for alarm. Think of it as similar to the annoyance of a bee or wasp sting: pain, redness, and swelling at the site of the bite (via Miche Pest Control ). Severe reactions or systemic effects are about as rare as finding a drop bear in your backyard. Only those with extreme sensitivity or allergies to spider venom need to worry, and even then, encounters are few and far between. So, rest easy knowing that your eight-legged roommates are more likely to skedaddle than show any aggression toward you.

Wolf Spider

Embodying the true essence of "lone wolves," these spiders have earned their name. Solitary by nature, the wolf spider, belonging to the family Lycosidae, lives and hunts independently, only coming together during mating season in the fall. With over 200 described species scattered across North America alone (via Terminix ), wolf spiders stand as one of the most prevalent and diverse spider families.

In terms of threat to humans, wolf spiders pose minimal danger. Preferring solitude, they typically steer clear of human interaction whenever possible. However, they may venture into human habitats in pursuit of prey or refuge, especially where their natural environments intersect with urban areas.

Despite their imposing size and appearance, wolf spiders are far from aggressive toward humans. When encountered, they're more inclined to flee than to bite. While their bite can be painful if provoked or threatened, their venom is relatively weak and rarely poses any serious risk to humans. Symptoms typically resemble those of a bee or wasp sting, including pain, redness, and swelling at the bite site. Severe reactions or systemic effects are exceedingly uncommon and usually occur in individuals with specific sensitivities or allergies to spider venom.

Hobo Spider

The hobo spider, scientifically known as Tegenaria agrestis, has earned notoriety for its perceived danger to humans, particularly in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Despite the fact that they are mostly confined to this area, hobo spiders are often erroneously assumed to be present throughout the United States. This misconception has led to misdiagnoses of bites, even in areas where hobo spiders have never been documented, suggesting an overestimation of their danger based on reputation rather than actual evidence (via Catseye Pest ).

The idea that hobo spiders can cause skin damage in North America is based on only a little bit of evidence. Some research says hobo spider venom might cause serious skin wounds in people, but other studies say there isn't enough proof for this. Actually, there's only one confirmed case of a serious skin wound from a hobo spider bite in medical records, according to a study in the Annals of Emergency Medicine.

This lack of clear evidence makes it uncertain how dangerous hobo spiders really are to people. It's important to be careful when considering how much harm they might cause. Despite their reputation, there isn't strong evidence linking hobo spiders to serious skin wounds. So, it's vital to carefully assess claims about their danger and not just rely on stories or what people commonly believe. Overall, hobo spiders are considered to pose a relatively low risk to humans. 

Tarantulas, belonging to the family Theraphosidae, are large and hairy spiders commonly found in various habitats such as burrows, tree hollows, and rock crevices. While they are often encountered outdoors, they may also venture into homes in search of prey or shelter.

Despite their fearsome reputation, tarantulas are typically not aggressive towards humans and are even kept as pets due to their docile nature. While they may exhibit defensive behaviors if threatened, they are more likely to retreat than to bite. In instances where tarantulas do bite, they often deliver dry bites that may cause pain but do not inject venom. In the rare cases where venom is injected, their venom is actually relatively weak and not usually harmful to humans (via Western Exterminator). Thus, the average, healthy adult human does not need to worry about tarantulas. They actually play crucial roles in ecosystems as predators of insects and other small animals and don't necessitate the fear that they usually evoke. 

Brown Recluse Spider

The brown recluse spider, scientifically known as Loxosceles reclusa, is a venomous spider species primarily found in the central and southern United States. Notorious for its venom, which can cause tissue-destroying wounds, brown recluse spiders tend to inhabit dark, secluded areas like basements, attics, closets, and woodpiles.

The threat level posed by brown recluse spiders is higher compared to many other spider species due to the potential severity of their bites. Their venom can induce various symptoms, ranging from mild irritation to severe tissue damage and systemic effects. Nonetheless, it's crucial to highlight that bites from these spiders are relatively uncommon, and not all bites lead to severe symptoms. Most bites result in mild reactions like redness, pain, and swelling at the bite site, akin to a bee or wasp sting.

Individuals bitten by a brown recluse spider may notice redness, pain, and swelling in the affected area.  My Health Alberta recommends seeking medical attention promptly, especially if symptoms progress to blistering, ulceration, or tissue death. In severe cases, systemic symptoms like fever, nausea, vomiting, and muscle pain may also manifest. Timely medical intervention is vital to prevent complications and aid in healing.

Brown Widow Spider

The brown widow spider, closely related to the black widow, is found in warm climates worldwide, including North America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. While brown widow spiders primarily inhabit outdoor areas such as gardens and yards, they may enter homes seeking shelter. 

Despite being less aggressive than black widows, brown widows may bite if threatened. Still, the brown widow's bites are less common due to their more timid behavior and lower abundance.

Although its venom is similar to the black widow's and still considered medically significant, brown widow bites are typically less potent and cause milder reactions. Symptoms of a brown widow bite include pain, redness, swelling, and occasionally muscle cramps. In rare cases, more severe symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, headache, and fever may occur, and there has even been one report of a victim requiring hospitalization. Although brown widow venom is as toxic as other widow species, it's typically viewed as having a weaker effect on humans, likely due to the smaller amount of venom injected during a bite (via UC Riverside ).

Red Widow Spider

The red widow spider, named for its vibrant red coloration, is a native species found exclusively in Florida. Similar to other widow spiders, it possesses potent venom capable of causing various symptoms in humans, similar to those of other spider bites.

One distinctive aspect of the female red widow's bite is the presence of a neurotoxin that induces sustained muscle spasms. This characteristic underscores the importance of seeking medical attention if bitten by a red widow spider. Despite this potential danger, documented cases of injuries or fatalities attributed to red widow spiders are rare. This rarity is likely due to the limited spaces in which humans commonly encounter these spiders, given their range is typically limited to Florida. Still, to prevent any chance of a bite, Imagine Our Florida recommends wearing gloves when picking up wood and other items where red widows may have nested, given that they have been known to make homes in sheds and garages. 

Black Widow Spider

Renowned not only as a popular comic book character, the female black widow spider is oft-labeled as one of the most notorious and venomous spider species in North America. Its habitat extends to parts of Europe, Asia, and Australia. Distinguished by its shiny black appearance and the iconic red hourglass-shaped marking on its abdomen's underside, the black widow spider is instantly recognizable. Known for their defensive behavior when disturbed, black widow spiders may bite humans, albeit infrequently due to their secretive nature. 

Armed with potent neurotoxic venom, the black widow's bite can induce a spectrum of symptoms like severe pain, muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, or breathing difficulties (via Nature Conservancy Canada ). Although permanent disability or death is uncommon, black widow bites can cause severe pain and painful muscle contractions, emphasizing the importance of seeking medical care promptly, particularly for vulnerable individuals. Compared to other widow spiders, the black widow's venom is particularly potent, which is why its threat level is elevated compared to other widow spiders. 

Australian Redback Spider

The Australian redback spider, Latrodectus hasselti, native to Australia, is akin to the black widow spider in characteristics, including the red marking on its abdomen (via Australian Museum ). Found across Australia, particularly in urban areas, it's a medically significant species due to its potent neurotoxic venom. Though only the female's bite poses a threat, individuals should seek medical attention promptly since it's hard for the average person to be certain of whether they were bitten by a male or female. 

Though less likely to bite unless disturbed, when provoked, redback spiders may bite in defense or when trapped.  Symptoms of a bite include severe pain, sweating, weakness, nausea, and vomiting. Antivenom is available, and deaths post-antivenom introduction are unheard of, though they have occurred in rare cases in the past. 

While fatalities are uncommon, severe reactions are possible, particularly in vulnerable populations. Practicing caution to avoid encounters and seeking immediate medical help if bitten are crucial steps to manage risks associated with Australian redback spiders.

Brazilian Wandering Spider

The Brazilian wandering spider, Phoneutria spp., found in South and Central America, is known for its highly venomous bite and aggressive hunting behavior. Unlike web-building spiders, these arachnids actively roam forest floors at night to hunt prey. Notably, their venom is infamous for causing painful and prolonged erections, as seen in a 2008 study by BJU International.

Symptoms of a bite include burning pain, sweating, and systemic effects such as blood pressure fluctuations, nausea, abdominal cramping, vertigo, and convulsions. Despite their potency, spiders typically do not inject all their venom during a bite, as it's also needed for hunting. Envenomations are generally mild, with only a small percentage requiring antivenom. Roughly 4,000 bites occur annually in Brazil, with few cases being severe and only 15 deaths reported since 1903, according to Live Science . Prompt treatment with antivenom and supportive care can mitigate venom effects and prevent complications.

Sydney Funnel-Web Spider

The Sydney funnel-web spider, Atrax robustus, native to Australia, is infamous for its potent venom and aggressive behavior, especially among males during mating season. Considered one of the world's most dangerous spiders, its bites pose significant risks to humans. Their venom contains a potent neurotoxin, inducing severe symptoms like intense pain, muscle spasms, respiratory distress, and even death in severe cases. Prompt medical attention is crucial to administer antivenom and manage symptoms effectively.

With their aggressive nature and tendency to enter human habitats, encounters with Sydney funnel-web spiders carry an extremely high threat level. Male spiders, more active at night, often enter homes during mating season, increasing human encounters, as reported in a study in the National Library of Medicine . Fatalities are usually associated with male spiders, known for their wandering behavior. The onset of severe symptoms is rapid, with death possible within 15 minutes to three days, especially in children or those with underlying health conditions. Thus, immediate medical attention is imperative for anyone bitten.

Applying a pressure immobilization bandage can help slow venom spread while cleaning the bite site with soap and water and applying a cold compress can reduce pain and swelling. While fatalities are rare due to antivenom availability and prompt treatment, severe reactions can be life-threatening, especially in untreated cases or individuals allergic to spider venom. Encounters with Sydney funnel-web spiders should be treated seriously. 

Read the original article on Outdoor Guide .

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• v.2(2); Spring 2014

Poisonous Spiders: Bites, Symptoms, and Treatment; an Educational Review

Farzad rahmani.

1 Department of Emergency medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

Seyed Mahdi Banan Khojasteh

2 Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

Hanieh Ebrahimi Bakhtavar

3 Department of Emergency Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran

Farnaz Rahmani

4 Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

Kavous Shahsavari Nia

5 Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

Gholamreza Faridaalaee

6 Department of Emergency Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

More than 40,000 species of spiders have been identified in the world. Spider bites is a common problem among people, however few of them are harmful but delay in treatment can cause death. Since the spider bites are risk full to human, they should be taken seriously, especially in endemic areas. Our objective in this review was to study about poisonous spiders and find out treatments of them. Therefore, we collected related articles from PubMed database and Google Scholar. Three important syndromes caused by spider bites are loxoscelism, latrodectism and funnel web spider syndrome. Many treatments are used but much more studies should have done to decrease the mortality. In this review, we describes different venomous spiders according to their appearance, symptoms after their bites and available treatments.

Introduction:

Spiders belong to a branch of invertebrate animals called arthropods. Arthropods have the largest number of species. Along with ticks, mites and scorpions, spiders fall into the subphylum chelicerata and class of arachnids ( 1 , 2 ). The arachnid class has very diverse members in a way that more than 80,000 species belonging to that class have been identified to date. Spiders are a large group of arachnids belonging to the araneae order ( 1 ). More than 40,000 species of spider have been identified to date but the real number is estimated at 4 times more than that number ( 3 ). Except for two small groups in the arachnid family, all spiders have poison glands and release their secretions into their venom sacs near their chelicerae. However, the majority of spiders do not bite humans and except for a few cases, they are not harmful to the human being or other mammals ( 2 ).Spider bites are common but the majority of species create little clinical presentations ( 3 ). There is only one aggressive spider named funnel-web in Australia, which attacks the human being without provocation. The majority of venomous spiders are found in Latin America. These large spiders are quite aggressive and their venom is pharmacologically highly toxic. Their bite results in severe pain, neurotoxic effects, diaphoresis, severe allergic reaction and priapism ( 1 ). Other spiders normally exhibit aggressive behavior after being trapped, injured or provoked. The severity of reactions to spider venom depends on factors such as its amount, site of biting and its duration and age and health condition. Mortality due to spider bite is rare ( 2 ). Spider venom includes different peptides and substances affecting sodium, calcium and potassium channels in neurons and also glutamate and acetylcholine receptors ( 4 ).Spider bite victims develop symptoms such as pain and swelling in the site of biting, necrosis, pyrexia, pulmonary edema, respiratory distress, hypertension, kidney dysfunction and death. Treatment protocol in the case of critically ill patients includes supportive measures and antivenom injection. Respiratory support and monitoring the hemodynamic status of these patients are of fundamental importance ( 5 ). Highly venomous spiders, funnel-web in Australia and armadeiras (armed spiders) in South America require antivenom and intensive therapeutic interventions ( 6 ). Three important syndromes are caused by spider bites: latrodectism, loxoscelism, and funnel-web spider syndrome ( 7 ). Here, we discuss about poisonous spiders and find out treatments of them.

Introduction of venomous spiders

This section describes different venomous spiders according to their appearance, symptoms after their bites and available treatments. Therefore, we collected related articles from PubMed and Google scholar ( Figure 1 ).

Flowchart of study

a) The brown recluse spider

The brown recluse spider is recognized by the violin-shaped marking on its back ( Figure 2 ). This spider takes rest during the day and is not aggressive but it will attack in the case of provocation. Patients are usually bitten by wearing clothes and shoes with spiders in them ( 2 ).

Brown Recluse Spider. Photograph by Richard S.Vetter.Reproduced with permission from:australianmuseum.net.au

Loxoscelism syndrome is the symptoms caused by the bite of the brown recluse spider. This spider's bite is usually painless but it later becomes an inflammatory, hemorrhagic and painful lesion ( 8 ). Necrosis spreads a few days following the bite and loxoscelism syndrome results in dermatitis necrosis in the site of biting, around which becomes red, white and blue, respectively ( 9 ). The venom of this spider contains hyaluronidase and sphingomyelinase D enzymes and results in necrosis. Moreover, neutrophil activity and platelet aggregation and thrombosis exacerbate necrosis ( 8 ). Local manifestations of the bite of this spider include edema, inflammation, hemorrhage, damage to the vessel wall, thrombosis, and necrosis ( 10 ) but systematic symptoms including acute renal failure, rhabdomyolysis and intravascular hemolysis have also been reported ( 11 ). In some cases, severe coagulopathy can result in stroke ( 7 ).Considering extensive differential diagnosis for skin necrosis, the standard criteria for the diagnosis of loxoscelism syndrome is capturing the spider during biting or capturing it in the place where biting occurred and its confirmation by a reliable arachnologist( 12 ).

Dapsone, antihistamines, colchicine, corticosteroids and hyperbaric oxygen have been used for treatment. Treatment with dapsone can alleviate bite marks and symptoms ( 8 , 13 ). Antivenom reduces the size of the necrotic area. The faster the antivenom is administered, the less the manifestations. It has been proven useful during the first 4 hours after the bite but according to an investigation, it was useful even after 12 hours ( 14 ).

The bite-induced necrosis spreads in a few days and completes in a few weeks. Treatments include initial debridement and in later stages, after improvement of the inflammation, graft is used in case of severity ( 9 ).

b) Hobo spider

Hobo spider is a brown-colored spider with gray marks along its body ( Figure 3 ). The reason for its name is its aggressive behavior following slight provocation. Symptoms induced by its bite are similar to those of the brown recluse spider but necrosis is rare and permanent scar is probable on the site of biting ( 12 ). The cause of necrosis is the hemolytic property of the venom or transmission of pathogenic bacteria inside the site of biting ( 15 ). The systemic symptoms of biting are reportedly cephalalgia and in some, rare cases anaphylaxis and death. The treatment is similar to that of the brown recluse spider. Moreover, resection should not be conducted before the completion of the necrosis process ( 8 ).

Eratigena-Agrestis (Hobo) Spider. Reproduced with permission from:www.spiders.us

c) Black widow spider

Black widow spiders have a black hairless body. Males are smaller than females. Its major characteristic is a red marking on its abdomen similar to an hourglass ( Figure 4 ). It is not aggressive under normal circumstances but attacks if disturbed, especially while protecting its egg sacs. Moreover, it is the most important venomous spider in North America and Australia ( 2 , 3 ). Its venom is alpha-latrotoxin (neurotoxic venom) which results in the exocytosis of synaptic vesicles from parasympathetic terminals due to the stimulation of calcium-dependent mechanisms, releasing catecholamines and acetylcholine ( 8 ).

Black Widow Spider (Photograph by Eric R. Eaton. Reproduced with permission from bugeric.blogspot.com

The symptoms induced by the bite of this spider are called latrodectism. The pain from its bite is similar to that of a pinprick. A lesion similar to the target lesion can be observed in the site of biting ( 16 ).Latrodectism starts in a few minutes with the development of pain through the whole body and symptoms such as emesis, respiratory failure, delirium, partial paralysis of limbs, abdominal muscle cramps, hypertension, pyrexia, fasciculation and muscle spasm are developed within a few hours ( 17 ). Symptoms may be mistaken with acute abdomen. Mortality following biting is less than 1 % and the risk of death following biting is high in two age spectrums. Bites usually occur during warm months ( 7 ). The chelicerae of this spider rarely leave a mark. Following the bite, erythema, diaphoresis and piloerection are observed around the site of bite in 25 % of the cases ( 3 ). Diagnosis is based on the patient's history. While it can be difficult in children, hypertension, distress, diaphoresis and irritability can suggest diagnosis in these cases ( 18 ).

The treatment of these patients consists of using muscle relaxants, narcotics, analgesics, intravenous calcium and antivenom. Narcotics and benzodiazepines relieve muscle spasms. Antivenom treatment is recommended for children, pregnant women the elderly and also patients with severe local symptoms, severe pains necessitating repeated administration of narcotics and systematic symptoms ( 3 ). In the case of IV administration, the antivenom should be diluted and injected slowly ( 17 ). However, some centers have recommended IM administration in order to reduce its complications. In the case of IM administration, the effect is delayed and symptoms take longer to improve ( 3 ) (within 1-5 days). Some may suffer from chronic pains even after proper antivenom treatment ( 18 ).

d) Armadeiras (armed spiders)

Armed spiders have long arms. Since they often hide in banana boxes, they are known as banana bunch spiders by locals ( Figure 5 ).The symptom of its bite is severe pain which is observed in 96 % of patients ( 18 ). The bite of this spider can cause respiratory failure and death at both ends of the age spectrum ( 8 ). Its venom is neurotoxic thus stimulates the autonomic nervous system (tachycardia, hypertension, diaphoresis and salivation), priapism, dizziness and visual disturbances ( 19 ). This venom is recommended to be used for controlling permanent pathological pains due to its different compounds and its effect on pain neurons ( 20 ).

Phoneutria, commonly known as Brazilian wandering spider or armed spider. Image source:wikipedia.org

Patients receive supportive treatment including pain and symptom control. There is antivenom for the treatment of these patients but it is used in few cases ( 21 ). With regard to the probability of respiratory failure in these patients, it is contradictory to use narcotics for pain control. Therefore, local nerve block anesthesia is recommended ( 8 ).

e) Funnel-web spider

Funnel-web spider, the most dangerous spider in the world, is aggressive in the absence of provocation ( Figure 6 ) ( 3 ). The structure of this spider’s web is funnel-shaped, hence the name ( 8 ).The venom of this spider is neurotoxin and contains a large amount of peptides ( 22 , 23 ). Delta atracotoxin, one of the peptides in the venom, delay the activation of voltage-dependent sodium channels resulting in repeated stimulation and release of massive neurotransmitters in nerve endings ( 24 ). Robustoxin is another toxin in the venom of this spider which is a fatal peptide and can be used for immunization ( 25 ).

Funnel Web Spider (Reproduced with permission from australianmuseum.net.au

Local symptoms include pain, diaphoresis, hives and piloerection. Systemic symptoms include stimulation of the parasympathetic system (nausea, emesis, salivation, sialorrhea and tearing), cardiovascular system (hypertension, mostly tachycardia and in some rare cases bradycardia and hypotension), nervous system (fasciculation and perioral paresthesia), non-cardiac pulmonary edema (more prevalent in children), agitation, and cephalalgia( 3 ).

Treatment includes supportive measures, elastic bandage for blocking lymph flow, limb immobilization and rapid transportation to the hospital. Antivenom is the definite cure and should be administered up to 15 minutes after opening the bandage. In the case of uncertainty about the bite and exhibition of the first systemic symptoms, 2 vials of antivenom are administered and in the case of severe symptoms 4 vials are administered. Other therapeutic measures include hemodynamic support, ventilatory support and the administration of tetanus vaccine. These measures reduce the risk of neurological complications and mortality and improve the performance of patients after being discharged ( 7 ).

f) Tarantula

Tarantula is recognized by its hairy 3-inch brown or black colored body ( Figure 7 ). This type of spider is kept as pet ( 8 ). Its venom is not dangerous for the human being and merely creates lesions without any specific systemic reaction except for pyrexia. Tarantula’s defense mechanism is the hair on its body which stands out and moves when alarmed ( 2 ). If these hairs enter the eye, they can result in the inflammation of all of the layers of the eye. Eye wash and topical corticosteroids are recommended in the case of uveitis ( 8 ).

Tarantula Spider (Mexican Red Legged Tarantula) Photograph byRicBolzan. Reproduced with permission fromaustralianmuseum.net.au

Recommendations for future

The human being has always been frightened of spiders but few of them are venomous and thus real threat to human health. However, since venomous spiders are sometimes fatal, bites should be taken care of. Moreover, it is recommended to be adequately familiar with necessary treatments. With regard to the identification of venomous spiders in our country including widow spider, which exists in the majority of provinces, healthcare personnel must be familiar with the symptoms of the bites of venomous spiders and it is essential to prepare antivenoms in the country for the treatment of spider bites. Finally, further domestic investigations are necessary on the distribution of venomous spiders and suspected cases of spider bite should be reported to related centers to reduce the damages caused by biting.

Acknowledgments:

We acknowledge Managers of www.spiders.us ; www.australianmuseum.net.au ; www.bugeric.blogspot.com ; and www.wikipedia.org sites for let us to use their own images.

Conflict of interest:

Funding support:, authors’ contributions:.

All authors passed four criteria for authorship contribution based on recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.

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Our Breathing Planet

Unique and Amazing Places and Species

Brazilian Wandering Spider

Brazilian Wandering Spider Facts

• Most notably, the common name of Brazilian Wandering Spider actually applies to a total of eight species within one genus.
• While all of the varieties in the genus inhabit the country of Brazil, hence the name, many also inhabit other parts of the region as well.
• Each species varies from the others in some ways, of course. However, all of them remain extremely poisonous and highly aggressive.
• Due to this combination of powerful venom and extremely aggressive behavior, most experts consider this genus to comprise the deadliest spiders.
• However, its aggressiveness remains a defensive technique, and the arachnid typically only bites if the individual feels directly threatened.

Related Articles

Brazilian Wandering Spider Physical Description

Most notably, given the fact that the term Brazilian Wandering Spider applies to a total of eight species, physical characteristics naturally vary.

However, certain factors remain true for all varieties. Firstly, sexual dimorphism occurs in all members of the genus, just like most arachnids.

In addition, while coloring does vary, the majority of species remain primarily brown, with a black spot or spots on the underside of the body.

Also, most members of this genus grow large, with bodies reaching a length of 2 in (5 cm), and a leg span totaling as much as 6 in (15 cm).

• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Arthropoda
• Class: Arachnida
• Order: Araneae
• Family: Ctenidae
• Genus: Phoneutria

Brazilian Wandering Spider Distribution, Habitat, and Ecology

Most notably, most species known as the Brazilian Wandering Spider occur in South America . However, one species does inhabit Central America.

Also, and not surprisingly at all, given the name, the habitats of seven of the eight species comprising the genus include the country of Brazil .

The native habitats of the various members of the genus include temperate forests, tropical jungle, and, for some, regions of savanna.

The distinct name occurs due to the tendency of these invertebrates, unlike most spiders, to roam around at night in search of prey, rather than spin webs or lay in wait.

Furthermore, individuals tend to spend the majority of the daytime hiding in crevices, or under fallen trees, then emerging at night to hunt.

Finally, the typical prey varies by region and species, but most commonly ranges from various insects to small animals, such as frogs and lizards.

Species Sharing Its Range

Check out our other articles on 5 Marvels of New Zealand and Australia , Tassled Scorpionfish , Colorado Columbine , Ringed Seal

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