antarctica travel restrictions

Antarctica Entry Requirements, Travel Restrictions & Safety Tips

Our expedition cruise experts have compiled a comprehensive guide to Antarctica entry requirements and travel restrictions with everything you need to safely travel to Antarctica.

Antarctica is one of the most remote and isolated travel destinations on the planet and special care must be taken to get there and travel safely. Learn more about how to get to Antarctica .

IN THIS POST – Antarctica Travel Restrictions: Antarctica Entry Requirements Antarctica Travel Restrictions Argentina Travel Restrictions Chile Travel Restrictions Antarctica Travel Safety & Precautions Pre-Trip Advice More Antarctica Travel Resources

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Antarctica Entry Requirements

Because no country “owns” Antarctica, there are no visa requirements to enter. However travelers are subject to the entry requirements of transit countries such as Argentina, Chile, Australia or New Zealand.

Cruises are operating and we’re looking ahead to a busy Antarctica 2024-2025 season . Select Antarctica cruise lines still require vaccination and testing, but there are no current vaccination requirements for transit countries.

Travelers do not need permission to visit Antarctica but cruise and tourism operators must hold a valid permit, issued by the signatories of the Antarctic treaty.

Antarctica Travel Restrictions

Is Antarctica restricted? No, all Antarctica travel restrictions have been lifted, Antarctica is open and  Antarctic cruising  is operating normally. However, travelers should always be prepared for changes. Port countries may implement new restrictions if needed. And some ship operators and scientific bases have maintained their Antarctica travel restrictions.

We recommend all travelers consider travel insurance . See our  Antarctica travel guide  for advice on the  best travel insurance for Antarctica . Note that supplemental medical evacuation insurance is required on most Antarctica cruises .

Because most travelers to Antarctica get there through Chile and Argentina, we focus on these entry points in the following sections. Learn more about  how to get to Antarctica .

During the 2023-2024 travel season, access to certain locations were restricted to protect wildlife from bird flu. Overall tourism and cruise operations were not affected.

Argentina Travel Restrictions

Effective September 14, 2022 Argentina travel restrictions have all been removed. COVID testing, a health declaration form and travel insurance are no longer required. For most travelers a valid passport is all that is required to enter Argentina. However, Argentina entry requirements have changed frequently in the past due to epidemiological circumstances. Travelers should check for Argentina travel restrictions before arriving. For more details visit the US State Department or the  US Embassy in Argentina .

Chile Travel Restrictions

Effective May 10, 2023 all Chile COVID travel restrictions have been lifted. COVID testing and travel insurance is no longer required, but our experts highly recommend traveling with health insurance that has coverage for SARS CoV 2 (COVID-19). For more details visit the  U.S. State Department  or  Chile Travel .

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Antarctica Travel Safety & Precautions

Travelers booked with AdventureSmith Explorations are prepared with extensive pre-departure materials, packing lists and personalize consulting to ensure they are ready for their adventure. Here’s what you need to know to ensure a thrilling and secure Antarctic expedition cruise:

Conquering the Cold:

• Layer Up: The key to staying comfortable and safe in Antarctica is dressing in layers. Invest in thermals, fleece, and a good waterproof outer layer. Don’t forget gloves, a hat, and sunglasses! Many expedition cruises provide a polar parka to borrow or keep.
• Hydration is Key: Cold weather can trick you into forgetting to drink fluids. Stay hydrated to avoid dehydration.

Navigating the Terrain:

• Step with Care: The icy landscapes of Antarctica demand caution. Sturdy boots, provided on all expedition cruises are essential to prevent slips and falls.
• Follow the Guide: Expedition leaders are highly experienced in navigating Antarctic terrain. Always stay with the group and follow their instructions for safe exploration.
• Respect the Wildlife: While penguins and seals might look cuddly, they’re wild animals. Maintain a safe distance as instructed by your guides.

Preparing for the Unexpected:

• Seasickness Savvy: If you’re prone to seasickness, talk to your doctor about medication options beforehand. See our post on how to prevent and treat seasickness on cruises .
• Safety Drills: Pay close attention to mandatory safety briefings and drills conducted by the crew. Knowing what to do in an emergency is important.
• Remote Medicine: Most expedition cruises have medical personnel on board. However, pack any essential medications you might need, considering Antarctica’s remote location.

Bonus Tip: Be mindful of the environment! Antarctica is a pristine wilderness. Clean backpacks, shoes, jackets and clothing of seeds and vegetation that could invade this sensitive landscape. Pack reusable water bottles and avoid bringing anything that could harm the delicate ecosystem.

By following these simple precautions, you can ensure a safe and unforgettable Antarctic adventure. Remember, the expedition team is there to guide you – ask questions and voice any concerns you might have. Now, you’re ready to set sail and experience the breathtaking wonders of the White Continent with peace of mind!

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Advice Before You Leave Home

For two weeks prior to your departure, and during travel to your destination, we recommend you follow common sense protocols to avoid illness and COVID-19. Take reasonable measures to reduce the risk of exposure and follow all CDC guidelines.

Wear masks in airports and aboard airplanes. Be careful in bars, restaurants and other crowded places that are higher risk. Arriving for your trip healthy will provide peace of mind and help you to enjoy your trip.  

MORE ANTARCTICA RESOURCES : Antarctica Travel Guide Antarctica Cruises Luxury Antarctica Cruises Falkland Islands & South Georgia Cruises Cruises with Flights to Antarctica Best Time to Visit Antarctica Antarctica Cruise Cost How to Get to Antarctica Things to Do in Antarctica Places in Antarctica Antarctica Ships Best Antarctica Cruise Lines Antarctica Cruise Deals Antarctica Cruise Reviews

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If you have questions about Antarctica entry requirements or travel restrictions or are looking for advice, please use the comments below. If you are booked or interested in booking a trip to Antarctica , please contact us . Thanks.

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What are the restrictions for Antarctica when you get there? Can you explore freely?

Hi James, Antarctica expedition cruises will visit designated landing sites where guests can disembark for shore excursions. Visitors may explore freely but are required to stay within designated areas and within certain boundaries and/or marked trails. Numerous guides and expedition leaders are with you ashore providing information about the wildlife, geology and history of the area while also ensuring travelers are following the guidelines and restrictions that protect wildlife, environment, and safety of visitors.

Your cruise may offer group activities like snowshoeing or kayaking, where you are expected to stay close within your group and follow the instructions of your guides.

Let our experts prepare you for Antarctica, one phone call is more productive than hours of internet research. Please contact us directly if we can help you plan an incredible trip.

Are there any non smoking cruises? Cheers

Thanks for your question Cindy. Most Antarctica cruise ships do allow smoking but it is very restricted and typically only permitted on one deck at the stern (back end) of the ship. This way smoke goes out to sea and doesn’t bother guests. It is forbidden to either throw cigarette butts overboard or smoke on shore in Antarctica. We hope this helps you enjoy a smoke-free expedition. If you are interested in booking please contact us .

Hurtigruten also still require vaccination.

It would be really helpful if you could list those cruise lines who DONT require it. Thank you.

Thanks for your feedback, Angie. We have chosen to list only the Antarctica cruise lines that are among our curated selection of small Antarctica expedition cruises . Since the vast majority have dropped requirements, we have found it easier to list the few operators who still have requirements in effect.

Our specialists are the most well-versed on these vetted options, and keep our traveling clients individually in the loop on them. We would urge you to ask your booking agent or operator for specifics regarding your trip.

I just need to comment on this website and on an excellently written article. You have by far the best and most detailed info available. You might just become my new travel agent. Well done!

Glad to hear you’re finding our resources useful! Find more Antarctica cruise & travel guides or contact us to hone in on your ideal Antarctica cruise .

What about SilverSea Silver Endeavor cruise? What is their policy?

Hello, at this time Silversea requires all crew and guests aged 12 years and older to be fully vaccinated against COVID-19. Travelers are not required to test prior to boarding.

Can you show proof of Covid antibodies instead of getting a booster?

Hi Teri, thanks for your question. Argentina currently has no entry requirements and an individual operator will not accept proof of antibodies in lieu of a booster shot.

Hi. I heard tourists can no longer take photos while kneeling, siting or laying on their stomach. Also no tripods, monopods etc. Have you heard of these new regulations? Thank you.

Hi Chris – great question. Yes, IAATO has made updates to their Biosecurity Procedures for the 2022-2023 Antarctica cruise season to include the following: “No sitting, kneeling, or lying down on the ground or snow, or leaving any equipment on the ground or snow, close to animal activity or fecal matter (e.g., within a minimum of 10m of nests or breeding adults, wildlife transit pathways, haul out sites).”

These additional protocols are in response to Avian Influenza and are mandatory for all IAATO Operators and their staff operating in Antarctica. They are also likely to evolve as more information and guidance regarding (HPAI) H5N1 becomes available. You can learn more about the new protocols and read the press release here. IAATO 2022-23 Biosecurity Protocols Regarding Avian Influenza .

We hear of strict vaccine requirements for passengers but there’s no transparency about vaccine status of the entire crew.

Hi Mary, All of the operators and ships we partner with require the crew to be fully vaccinated and tested prior to boarding. Please see the Antarctica Cruise Vaccination & Testing Requirements above where we specifically detail the vaccination policy that our polar partners have for their crews. AdventureSmith provides peace of mind because we have personally vetted, and hand selected each partner operator and are clear when sharing their policies. If you are interested in booking an Antarctica trip , please contact us.

Hi there, I have a COVID-related question… Are there PCR testing facilities in Ushuaia for foreign visitors needing a negative test result before returning home? If so, are these clinics likely to be open over the Christmas weekend of December 24 & 25 for testing?

Hello. At this time there are no COVID-19 testing options at the Ushuaia airport (USH). There is a clinic in Ushuaia that can provide testing. Find contact info and hours on their Facebook page .

Some of the expedition ships operating in Antarctica can offer COVID-19 testing aboard the ship prior to disembarkation. Availability and pricing varies by ship so check with your Antarctica travel operator. Another good option is to test in Buenos Aires before returning to the US. Rapid antigen testing centers are available in Argentina’s Ezeiza (EZE) and Aeroparque (AEP) airports. Results in 30 minutes are handy for departing travelers.

We hope this helps and have an amazing trip to Ushuaia!

For citizens of countries that are not exempt from an Argentinian Visa, but residing in USA, is there provision in place to get a visiting visa or an ETA?

Hi Robin, Thank you for reaching out. Without knowing your country of citizenship it is difficult to offer specific advice. However, it is our understanding that Argentina will be issuing visas for international travelers that require them beginning on November 1, 2021. To learn if a visa is required visit Argentina Migrations’ official page or your countries’ consulate. In the United States, visa services can answer detailed questions and expedite applications for visas to Argentina. Please note that the information on this page is purely informational and intended to help cruise guests prepare for Antarctica cruises . Good luck with your visa application and please keep us posted if you learn that visas are not available for your country.

Learn More About Antarctica From Our Expert Crew

Eager to learn more about what it is like to travel in Antarctica? Let our firsthand experience be your guide. Learn about the seasons, cost, places, activities and more. Want to do more research? Read our other COVID resources to get an even more full picture.

Contact Us - Antarctica Entry Requirements, Travel Restrictions & Safety Tips

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Travel Advisory May 29, 2024

Antarctica - level 2: exercise increased caution.

Reissued with updates to information.

• Exercise increased caution in Antarctica due to environmental hazards posed by extreme and unpredictable weather  and limited emergency services.
• There are no U.S. government consular services available to U.S. citizens in the Antarctic Region. The closest U.S Embassies/Consulates are in Argentina , Australia , Chile , New Zealand , and South Africa . U.S. government resources in the Antarctic Region are committed to the U.S. Antarctic Program , per longstanding U.S. policy.

Read the country information page for additional information on travel to Antarctica.

If you travel to Antarctica:

• Obtain comprehensive travel, medical, and medical evacuation insurance; see our webpage for more information on insurance providers for overseas coverage.
• Travel with a professional guide or organization such as those that are a member of the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators, or, if organizing a private expedition, be self-sufficient.
• Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program ( STEP ) to receive security messages and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Prepare a contingency plan for emergency situations.  Review the Traveler’s Checklist .
• Follow the Department of State on Facebook and Twitter .
• Read the Department of State’s COVID-19 page before planning any international travel.
• Visit the CDC page for the latest Travel Health Information related to your travel.
• Contact the Department of State’s Office of Ocean and Polar Affairs for information at [email protected] .

Embassy Messages

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Quick Facts

Required by transit countries

May be required by transit countries.

None for Antarctica. May be required by transit countries.

Embassies and Consulates

The United States does not maintain an embassy or consulate in Antarctica. If you are in need of U.S. consular services while in Antarctica, contact the U.S. embassy or consulate in the country next on your itinerary or nearest to you for assistance. Links to the embassies and consulates most commonly called upon to provide services are below:

• U.S. Embassy Buenos Aires, Argentina
• U.S. Consulate General Melbourne, Australia
• U.S. Consulate General Perth, Australia
• U.S. Consulate General Sydney, Australia
• U.S. Embassy Santiago, Chile
• U.S. Consulate General Auckland, New Zealand          

24/7 Emergency Contact at the Department of State: From within the United States: 1-888-407-4747 From outside the United States: 1-202-501-4444

Destination Description

Learn about the U.S. relationship to countries around the world.

Entry, Exit and Visa Requirements

• Any expedition to the Antarctic Region could have an impact on the environment and its ecosystems.  To manage those risks and impacts, the Antarctic Treaty and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty establish certain obligations on the Treaty Parties with regard to expeditions to the Antarctic Treaty area.
• The Treaty obliges each Party to give advance notification of all expeditions to and within Antarctica, on the part of its ships, aircraft, or nationals, and all expeditions to Antarctica organized in or proceeding from its territory.
• U.S. tourists who have booked passage to Antarctica on a commercial cruise regulated by an Antarctic Treaty Party, such as those that are a member of the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators ( IAATO.org ), normally would be covered by the vessel operator’s and/or tour company’s advance notification. Always check with your tour operator about advance notification coverage.
• Any U.S. nationals organizing a private expedition to Antarctica in the United States, or proceeding to Antarctica from the United States,  should initiate the process by notifying the Department of State at least three months prior to the intended travel to the Antarctic Treaty area.  Contact the Department of State’s Office of Ocean and Polar Affairs for additional information at [email protected] .
• Visit the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators website for more information on visitor guidelines.

Find information on dual nationality , prevention of international child abduction and customs regulations on our websites.

Safety and Security

Environmental Hazards:

• The greatest threats to travelers to the Antarctic Region are environmental hazards posed by the severe elements and changeable weather.
• Among the more common threats are frostbite, dehydration, eye damage from reflected glare, overexposure to the sun, and maritime accidents.
• Additionally, emergency response capabilities including search and rescue are restricted due to limited availability, long distances, and environmental hazards.

See our webpage for more information on insurance providers for overseas coverage .

See our webpage on help for U.S. victims of crime overseas .

Once in a country, we can:

• Help you find appropriate medical care
• Assist you in reporting a crime to the police
• Contact relatives or friends with your written consent
• Provide general information regarding the victim’s role during the local investigation and following its conclusion
• Provide a list of local attorneys
• Provide information on victim’s compensation programs in the U.S.
• Provide an emergency loan for repatriation to the United States and/or limited medical support in cases of destitution
• Help you find accommodation and arrange flights home
• Replace a stolen or lost passport

Domestic Violence: U.S. citizen victims of domestic violence are encouraged to contact the Embassy for assistance.

Tourism:  No formal tourism industry infrastructure is in place on any level. Tourists are considered to be participating in activities at their own risk. Emergency response and subsequent appropriate medical treatment is not available in Antarctica. U.S. citizens are encouraged to purchase medical evacuation insurance. See our webpage for more information on insurance providers for overseas coverage .

Local Laws & Special Circumstances

Criminal Penalties: Some Treaty Parties, including those that claim territory in Antarctica, may seek to apply their laws to persons in Antarctica. Furthermore, some laws remain applicable to certain persons in Antarctica and may subject them to prosecution in the U.S.  For examples, see our website on crimes against minors abroad and the Department of Justice website.

Arrest Notification: If you are arrested or detained in transit to/from Antarctica, ask police or prison officials to notify the U.S. Embassy immediately.  See our webpage for further information.

The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctica Treaty designates Antarctica as a natural reserve.  Additionally, the Antarctic Conservation Act , which protects native mammals, birds, plants, and their ecosystems, applies to all U.S. citizens and expeditions that originate from the United States.

• Several areas are afforded special protections as they have been designated as having ecological, scientific, historical, or other significance.
• It is forbidden to bring any non-native species into Antarctica. This includes live poultry, pet dogs and cats, and household plants or seeds.
• It is prohibited to take or harmfully interfere with Antarctica wildlife except in accordance with a permit issued by a national authority.

Antarctica has no public hospitals, pharmacies, or doctor’s offices.  Although cruise ships and land-based expeditions should have the capacity to treat minor ailments, medical emergencies often require evacuation to a country with modern medical facilities, which could require travel over a significant distance.  There is no guarantee that transportation would be available or that weather conditions would allow for transportation, even in an emergency.

• Search and rescue resources in Antarctica are extremely limited.   Cost of search and rescue efforts are borne by the person/s in need of the assistance.  Travelers should obtain comprehensive travel, medical, and medical evacuation insurance prior to departure; see our webpage for more information on overseas insurance coverage .
• There are no public utilities, such as phone or Internet service providers, in the Region.

We do not pay medical bills. Be aware that U.S. Medicare/Medicaid does not apply overseas. Most hospitals and doctors overseas do not accept U.S. health insurance.

Medical Insurance: Make sure your health insurance plan provides coverage overseas.  Most care providers overseas only accept cash payments.  Visit the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for more information on type of insurance you should consider before you travel overseas.

Always carry your prescription medication in original packaging, along with your doctor’s prescription.

Vaccinations: Be up-to-date on all vaccinations recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Further health information:

• World Health Organization
• U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Air Quality: Visit AirNow Department of State for information on air quality at U.S. Embassies and Consulates

Visit the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website for more information about Adventure Travel .

Travel and Transportation

There is no direct air service from the United States to Antarctica.  Flights to and over Antarctica are operated from a number of countries to include Argentina, Australia, Chile, New Zealand, South Africa, and others.  If you are traveling to Antarctica, please check our country information page for the country from which you are departing to get more on aviation safety standards in that country.  Further information may be found on the FAA’s safety assessment page .

Maritime Travel: Mariners planning travel to Antarctica should also check for U.S. maritime advisories and alerts .  Information may also be posted to the U.S. Coast Guard homeport website , and the NGA broadcast warnings .  Due to maritime incidents, tourists have suffered severe injuries and/or death in the Antarctic Region and when traveling between South America and the Antarctica and in the Antarctic area. 

No, it is not illegal to travel to Antarctica | Fact check

The claim: It is illegal to go to Antarctica

A May 20 Instagram post ( direct link , archive link ) shows a video of a man speaking about Antarctica.

"Do you think these are the reasons why it’s illegal to go to the (sic) Antarctica?" reads the post's caption.

The person in the video goes on to say there is an "ancient race of super-beings," pyramids and a hidden tropical rainforest in Antarctica.

The post was liked over 4,000 times in six days.

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Our rating: False

It is not illegal to go to Antarctica. There is no evidence of an "ancient race of super-beings," pyramids or a tropical rainforest on the continent, experts told USA TODAY.

Tourists regularly travel to Antarctica

It is not illegal to go to Antarctica and thousands of people do each year.

The annual number of visitors to Antarctica has been climbing since the 1950s, according to the Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty . About 74,000 people visited the continent during the 2019-2020 season.

However, visitors must adhere to some regulations , such as not disturbing local wildlife, damaging historic sites or bringing in non-native species.

Fact check : Antarctica is a continent, not an 'ice wall'

A traveler's home country may have other requirements about traveling to Antarctica. The U.S. State Department, for example, has separate guidelines in place that require citizens to notify the department three months before going on a private expedition on the continent.

No evidence of pyramids, tropical rainforest

The person in the video describes several reasons why he believes it is "illegal" to go to Antarctica, like hidden tropical rainforests, pyramids and an "ancient race of super-beings."

But there is no evidence these things exist, experts told USA TODAY.

"There is absolutely no evidence of pyramids or an indigenous human presence in Antarctica," said Michael Pearson , a researcher with the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, in an email to USA TODAY. "There is no evidence that there is a temperate climate in the center of the continent."

NASA has numerous satellite photos of the ice-covered continent on its website .

Tens of millions of years ago the continent was tropical, Peter Neff , an assistant research professor of climate science at the University of Minnesota who studies Antarctica, said in an email to USA TODAY.

Fact check : Antarctica has warmed in the last 70 years

Back then, the landmass was in a different location. Now, it would not be possible for a tropical rainforest to exist on the continent, Neff said.

"The high-latitude polar climate is fundamentally unable to support much vegetation at all, much less tropical rainforests which require abundant heat, sunlight and moisture," he said. "These are all things that are not found in Antarctica. The high latitude and tilt of Earth's axis means it is dark for about 6 months of the year. Antarctica is the largest and driest desert on Earth, and it's of course cold."

USA TODAY reached out to the social media user who shared the post for comment but did not immediately receive a response.

Our fact-check sources:

• Peter Neff , May 26-29, Email exchange with USA TODAY
• Michael Pearson , May 30, Email exchange with USA TODAY
• The U.S. Department of State, accessed May 26-31, Antarctica International Travel Information
• Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty, accessed May 26-31, Tourism and non Governmental Activities
• NASA, accessed May 31, Antarctica

Thank you for supporting our journalism. You can subscribe to our print edition, ad-free app or e-newspaper here .

Our fact-check work is supported in part by a grant from Facebook.

The Latest Antarctica Travel Restrictions: What You Need To Know

• Last updated Jul 31, 2023
• Difficulty Beginner

• Category United States

Antarctica, the ultimate frontier, a land of pristine beauty and mystique, is undoubtedly on the bucket list of many adventurous travelers. However, getting there is not as easy as hopping on a plane and booking a hotel. In fact, it comes with a plethora of travel restrictions. From limited access to strict environmental regulations, exploring the white continent is an experience reserved for the truly committed and passionate. In this article, we will delve into the intricacies of Antarctica's travel restrictions and unlock the secrets of this extraordinary travel destination.

What You'll Learn

What are the current travel restrictions in place for antarctica, are there any specific entry requirements or permits for traveling to antarctica, are there any restrictions on the number of visitors allowed in antarctica at a given time, what are the quarantine procedures for travelers arriving in antarctica, are there any specific health requirements or vaccinations needed for traveling to antarctica.

Antarctica, the southernmost continent on Earth, is known for its unique wildlife, stunning landscapes, and rugged beauty. However, due to its remote location and delicate ecosystem, there are several travel restrictions in place to protect the environment and ensure the safety of visitors.

One of the main restrictions for visiting Antarctica is that all tourists must be accompanied by a registered tour operator. These tour operators are required to follow strict guidelines set forth by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO). This ensures that visitors to Antarctica are properly trained on environmental practices and that their impact on the fragile ecosystem is minimized.

In addition to being accompanied by a registered tour operator, all visitors to Antarctica must also obtain a permit to enter the continent. The permit is typically issued by the country from which the tour operator is based. This helps regulate the number of visitors to Antarctica and ensures that the tours are conducted responsibly.

Another important restriction for visiting Antarctica is the limitation on the number of visitors at any given time. The IAATO has set a maximum limit of 100 passengers on a ship in order to minimize the impact on the environment and wildlife. This limit also ensures that the experience remains intimate and allows for a better connection with the natural surroundings.

Furthermore, there are strict guidelines in place for wildlife encounters in Antarctica. Visitors must maintain a safe distance from animals and avoid disturbing their natural behavior. This includes not approaching wildlife closer than 5 meters and not touching, feeding, or riding on any animals. These guidelines are crucial for preserving the natural habitats and behavior of the wildlife in Antarctica.

It is also important to note that certain areas of Antarctica are designated as "specially protected areas" and are off-limits to visitors. These areas are typically designated to protect sensitive ecosystems or historically significant sites. Visitors must adhere to these restrictions and respect the boundaries in order to preserve the unique and delicate environment of Antarctica.

Lastly, it is also essential for visitors to be aware of the potential risks and challenges of traveling to Antarctica. The harsh climate, remote location, and limited infrastructure mean that emergency medical assistance may be limited. It is important for visitors to be prepared and have comprehensive travel insurance that covers emergency evacuation if needed.

In conclusion, traveling to Antarctica is a once-in-a-lifetime experience that requires careful planning and adherence to strict travel restrictions. These restrictions are in place to protect the environment, wildlife, and ensure the safety of visitors. By following these guidelines and traveling responsibly, visitors can have a truly memorable and meaningful experience in one of the most pristine places on Earth.

COVID-19: Understanding the Ana Travel Restrictions

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Traveling to Antarctica is a dream for many adventurers and nature enthusiasts. However, before embarking on this epic journey, it is important to understand the specific entry requirements and permits that are necessary for visiting this remote and pristine continent.

First and foremost, it is important to know that Antarctica is governed by the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), a unique international agreement that regulates human activity on the continent. The ATS was established in 1959 and currently has 54 member countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and many European nations. The treaty sets out guidelines for environmental protection, scientific research, and tourism in Antarctica.

In order to visit Antarctica, you must first join a guided tour or expedition organized by an authorized tour operator. These operators are responsible for obtaining the necessary permits and ensuring that their visitors comply with the regulations set forth by the ATS. It is not possible to travel to Antarctica independently or as a solo traveler.

To participate in an Antarctic tour, you will need to obtain a permit from the country that operates the tour. Most tours depart from South American countries such as Argentina or Chile, so you will need to comply with their entry requirements as well. This typically includes having a valid passport, obtaining a visa if necessary, and possibly showing proof of travel insurance.

Once you have booked your tour, the tour operator will provide you with detailed information on the specific entry requirements and permits needed for your visit. This may include additional paperwork, such as a medical questionnaire or liability waiver, as well as information on clothing and equipment needed for the extreme Antarctic environment.

In addition to obtaining the necessary permits, it is important to be aware of the environmental regulations that are in place to protect Antarctica's delicate ecosystems. These regulations include guidelines for waste management, wildlife viewing, and minimizing your impact on the environment. Visitors to Antarctica are expected to follow these guidelines and respect the natural environment they are visiting.

In summary, traveling to Antarctica requires careful planning and compliance with the regulations set forth by the Antarctic Treaty System. By joining a guided tour organized by an authorized operator, obtaining the necessary permits, and adhering to the environmental regulations, you can have a once-in-a-lifetime experience exploring the wonders of Antarctica.

Navigating IVF Travel Restrictions: What You Need to Know

Antarctica, the world's southernmost continent, is a unique and fragile environment that is home to a diverse range of wildlife and delicate ecosystems. In order to protect its pristine wilderness and minimize human impact, there are strict restrictions on the number of visitors allowed in Antarctica at any given time.

The primary organization responsible for managing tourism in Antarctica is the International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators (IAATO). IAATO works in collaboration with the Antarctic Treaty System, which includes 54 countries that have agreed to protect and preserve the region for scientific research and peaceful purposes.

To ensure sustainable tourism, IAATO has set a limit on the number of passengers that can be on land at any one time. This limit is currently set at 100 passengers per landing site. This restriction helps prevent overcrowding and minimizes disturbance to the wildlife and environment.

Furthermore, there are overall limits on the number of visitors that can be in Antarctica during the peak tourism season. The Antarctic Treaty System has established a limit of 100 tourists ashore at any given time. This includes both tourists on cruise ships and those participating in other activities such as flyovers or camping.

These restrictions are in place to protect the delicate ecosystems and wildlife of Antarctica. The continent is home to a wide range of species, including penguins, seals, and seabirds, which can be easily disturbed by human presence. By limiting the number of visitors, the impact on these species is minimized, allowing them to thrive in their natural habitats.

In addition to visitor restrictions, there are also guidelines in place to ensure that visitors adhere to strict environmental protocols. IAATO requires all visitors to undergo mandatory briefing sessions before arriving in Antarctica to educate them on responsible tourism practices. This includes guidelines on wildlife observation, waste management, and minimizing the spread of non-indigenous species.

Overall, the restrictions on the number of visitors allowed in Antarctica are essential for preserving the continent's unique environment. By placing limits on the number of passengers and tourists, the delicate balance of Antarctica's ecosystems can be maintained, ensuring that future generations can continue to appreciate and study this remarkable part of the world.

Exploring Niagara County: Understanding Current Travel Restrictions and Guidelines

For travelers heading to Antarctica, the quarantine procedures are quite strict to ensure the protection of the delicate ecosystem and the safety of the human population in the region. Due to its isolated location and unique environment, it is crucial to prevent the introduction of foreign pollutants, pathogens, or invasive species.

Before even reaching Antarctica, travelers usually go through a pre-departure quarantine process. This involves undergoing medical examinations, vaccinations, and providing detailed health records. This helps to identify and prevent the spread of any potential diseases or ailments that could be problematic in the Antarctic environment.

Upon arrival in Antarctica, travelers generally go through a mandatory quarantine period. This period can range from a few hours to several days depending on the specific expedition or research mission. During this time, individuals are required to remain in designated quarantine facilities or areas until they are deemed clear of any potential health risks.

During the quarantine period, travelers may undergo various health checks, including blood tests, screenings for infectious diseases, and temperature monitoring. This is done to ensure that no one is unknowingly carrying any illnesses or diseases that could be harmful to the local wildlife or other individuals in the area.

In addition to the health checks, travelers are also required to go through a thorough decontamination process to prevent the introduction of non-native species or contaminants. This typically involves vacuuming clothing, washing footwear, and inspecting personal items to remove any potential hitchhiking organisms or material.

Furthermore, travelers are often required to undergo environmental briefings and training sessions during their time in quarantine. This is to ensure that they understand and follow proper protocols for waste disposal, wildlife interaction, and minimizing their impact on the environment.

It is worth noting that Antarctica is governed by the Antarctic Treaty System, an international agreement that promotes scientific research, environmental protection, and tourism regulation in the region. Each country and organization operating in Antarctica must adhere to these regulations and guidelines, including the strict quarantine procedures.

The quarantine procedures for travelers arriving in Antarctica are essential for maintaining the pristine condition of the continent and safeguarding the health and well-being of the human population and native wildlife. By implementing these measures, it is possible to minimize the risk of introducing harmful pathogens or invasive species that could disrupt the delicate balance of this unique ecosystem.

Exploring the Paradisiacal Key West: An Essential Guide to Travel Restrictions and Tips

If you're planning a trip to Antarctica, you may be wondering about any specific health requirements or vaccinations necessary for your journey. As one of the most remote and pristine places on Earth, Antarctica poses unique challenges when it comes to healthcare and preventing the spread of diseases. Here's what you need to know before embarking on your Antarctic adventure.

First and foremost, it's important to note that Antarctica is an extreme environment with harsh weather conditions and limited medical facilities. Therefore, all travelers should ensure that they are in good health before embarking on their journey. It is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional or a travel medicine specialist to discuss the specific travel risks and recommendations for your trip.

In terms of vaccinations, there are no specific vaccines required for entering Antarctica. However, it is advisable to make sure that you are up to date on routine vaccines such as measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, varicella (chickenpox), and the annual influenza vaccine. These vaccines are recommended for all travelers regardless of their destination.

Moreover, it is important to consider any additional vaccines that may be recommended for the regions you will be stopping at during your journey to Antarctica. For example, if you're traveling through South America to reach Antarctica, you may need to protect yourself against diseases such as yellow fever, typhoid, hepatitis A and B, and rabies. It's essential to check the latest recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or the World Health Organization (WHO) for the most up-to-date information on the required and recommended vaccines for the specific countries you'll be visiting.

It's also worth noting that while there are no specific health requirements or vaccines for Antarctica, all travelers are required to have medical evacuation insurance. This is because if you were to become ill or injured in Antarctica, the limited medical facilities in the region would not be able to provide comprehensive medical care. Medical evacuation back to your home country or a nearby medical facility may be necessary, and the costs can be exorbitant. Therefore, it is crucial to make sure your insurance covers medical evacuation and receives confirmation from your insurance provider before embarking on your trip.

In addition to vaccinations and insurance, it's essential to take general health precautions while traveling to Antarctica. These include practicing good hygiene, such as washing your hands frequently or using hand sanitizer, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and staying up to date on the latest health advisories from trusted sources. It is also advisable to pack a comprehensive first aid kit with essential medical supplies, including prescription medications and any necessary over-the-counter medications, as obtaining medical supplies in Antarctica can be challenging.

In conclusion, while there are no specific health requirements or vaccinations needed for traveling to Antarctica, it's crucial to ensure that you are in good health and up to date on routine vaccinations. Additionally, considering the recommended vaccines for the regions you will be passing through is essential. Don't forget to also obtain medical evacuation insurance and take general health precautions during your journey. With proper planning and preparation, you can enjoy your Antarctic adventure while ensuring your health and safety.

Understanding Travel Nurse Restrictions: What You Need to Know

Frequently asked questions.

Yes, there are travel restrictions for Antarctica. The Antarctic Treaty System, which is an international agreement, governs the travel and activities in Antarctica. Under this treaty, only certain countries are recognized as Consultative Parties and have the authority to make decisions regarding travel and activities in Antarctica.

No, not everyone can travel to Antarctica. Only tourists who are part of organized tours or scientific expeditions with authorized tour operators and ships are allowed to visit Antarctica. It is not possible to travel independently to Antarctica.

To travel to Antarctica, you need to be part of an organized tour or scientific expedition with an authorized tour operator. You will also need to have a valid passport and obtain any necessary visas or permits for the countries you will be traveling through to reach Antarctica. Additionally, you may be required to undergo specific health and safety training before embarking on your journey.

Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, there may be additional travel restrictions and health protocols in place for those traveling to Antarctica. It is important to check with your tour operator and relevant authorities for the most up-to-date information on COVID-19 related travel requirements and restrictions.

Yes, there are restrictions on activities in Antarctica to protect its fragile environment and wildlife. For example, there are specific guidelines on wildlife interactions, waste disposal, and cultural heritage preservation. These guidelines are in place to minimize the impact of human activities on the pristine and delicate ecosystem of Antarctica.

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Antarctica Traveler View

Vaccines and medicines, stay healthy and safe, after your trip.

All travelers should be up-to-date on routine vaccines . These vaccines include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine, varicella (chickenpox) vaccine, polio vaccine, and your yearly flu shot. The risk of flu , measles , mumps , and other diseases easily spread from person-to-person is related to travel and living conditions. People from all over the world may travel to Antarctica on cruise ships . Sharing close living quarters with people from many different places increases the risk of exposure to illnesses.

All eligible travelers should be up to date with their COVID-19 vaccines. Please see  Your COVID-19 Vaccination  for more information. 

Other travel vaccines should be considered according to what countries you travel through on your way to Antarctica.

Visit your doctor (ideally, 4–6 weeks) before your trip to get vaccines or medicines you may need.

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For travelers to Antarctica, severe low temperatures and high winds are the primary health hazards. Antarctica is the coldest, windiest, and driest place on earth. Temperature patterns vary widely because the continent is covered in continuous darkness during the winter and continuous sunlight during the summer, with a few weeks of sunrises and sunsets between seasons.

The effects of the sun in Antarctica (because of the sun’s reflecting off the snow) can be damaging to the eyes and skin, and protective measures should be taken.

If you are not feeling well after your trip, you may need to see a doctor. If you need help finding a travel medicine specialist, see Find a Clinic . Be sure to tell your doctor about your travel, including where you went and what you did on your trip.

For more information on what to do if you are sick after your trip, see Getting Sick after Travel .

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Ask LP: how can I travel to Antarctica?

Oct 7, 2020 • 3 min read

Antarctica's tourist season starts in November © DreamPictures / Getty Images

The far south of the world may have escaped the pandemic that’s locked down life elsewhere, but that doesn’t mean this summer season is smooth sailing. Antarctica has no cases of COVID-19  – partly due to efforts to keep it that way, and partly reflecting the restrictions placed on other countries. This impacts scientists who make up the temporary residents of the continent and also threatens the Antarctic tourist season, which generally runs from November to March or April.

In a normal year, travelers would converge on Ushuaia (Argentina), Punta Arenas (Chile), and, less frequently, ports in New Zealand and Australia to embark on the long journey south. The shortest route – across the swells and choppy waters of the Drake Passage from South America – takes two to three days to reach the Antarctic Peninsula . Air options like DAP’s overnight trips to King George Island in the South Shetland Islands ($6500 per person from Punta Arenas, Chile) usually gives another way to reach the far south from South America for a more limited time. Services are currently suspended.

There are two big obstacles to getting to Antarctica this year. One is the lack of cruises – most operators have cancelled their schedules for the remainder of the this year and early next year. If cruises can happen at all this season it will be towards the end of the usual period of operation. Hurtigruten has cancelled Antarctica departures until January 2021, but hopes to resume operations then. 

The other is the inaccessibility of gateway destinations. At the time of writing there’s no way into Chile , Argentina , New Zealand and Australia for foreign tourists. All these countries have closed their borders to non-nationals since March, and Argentina has recently paused plans to allow international flights back into the country until at least October 11. In all likelihood, this will be longer. Sub-Antarctic destinations have their own entry restrictions. The Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) are only accessible for essential travel with reduced air links. In order to reach Antarctica, any departing travelers heading south would need to transit Argentina (or one of the other jumping-off countries) and transfer directly to their cruise ship. As you’d expect there’s no confirmed plan for this at present. 

Adding all this up, 2020–21 may be a better time to save for a future Antarctic odyssey. However knock-on demand for 2021–22 is likely to be strong, as capacity is always limited and there is an Antarctic solar eclipse in November next year. That said, specialist travel companies are also keen to encourage booking, and deals for next year are available through experts like Discover the World .

One way for ice-cap enthusiasts to get their fix from Australia is to take a seat on one of the  scenic overflights of the continent run by Antarctica Flights . These 12 hour journeys – using a 787 Dreamliner for the first time – depart from various Australian airports from November to March. They don’t touch down and therefore count as a domestic charter flight. Currently there is not a requirement to wear a mask on these flights.

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Is it sustainable to visit Antarctica?    How to pack for a trip to Antarctica    The eternal lure of icebergs: fulfilling a life-long dream of visiting Antarctica   

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COVID-19: travel health notice for all travellers

Antarctica travel advice

Latest updates: Editorial change

Last updated: August 7, 2024 16:20 ET

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Safety and security, entry and exit requirements, laws and culture, natural disasters and climate, antarctica - exercise a high degree of caution.

Exercise a high degree of caution in Antarctica due to the adverse and unpredictable weather conditions, as well as the lack of infrastructure and emergency services.

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Weather conditions

Antarctica is subject to extreme and unpredictable weather conditions. It is cold, dry and windy, with 99% of the continent covered by a permanent ice sheet.

These conditions put you at risk of frostbite and sun overexposure, which can result in dehydration and eye damage.

Ensure that you have equipment and clothing that meet Antarctic standards.

Communications

There are no public phone or other public communication services in Antarctica. In case of an emergency, you may have difficulties in obtaining outside assistance.

Research stations can house satellite telephones and postal facilities. However, they are fully dedicated to scientific research and, with rare exceptions, have no capacity to provide support of any kind to tourists or casual travellers.

If you plan to visit Antarctica as an independent traveller, ensure to be self-sufficient from the time that you leave the departure country until your return.

There are no tourist facilities on land, except a privately run base on the interior ice that caters to mountaineering-type expeditions

Travelling to Antarctica may have a potential harmful impact on the environment. As a result, you should avoid any travel that is not part of an international scientific expedition or organized through a tour operator. Various tourism companies can arrange excursions to the continent.

International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators

Antarctica is governed through an international treaty system and is not owned by any one nation.

Passport and visas

You may need a Canadian passport and/or a visa for the countries you transit as you travel en route to and from Antarctica.

Refer to the separate Travel advice and advisories for those countries.

Expedition permits

All Canadian travellers require a permit to visit Antarctica. Expedition tour operators will usually make necessary arrangements to obtain it on your behalf. Confirm this information with your tour operator before travelling.

Should you need to apply for a permit yourself, you must submit your request to the Antarctic Environmental Program at Environment Canada.

Apply for a permit - Environment Canada

Children and travel

Learn more about travelling with children .

Relevant Travel Health Notices

• Global Measles Notice - 13 March, 2024
• COVID-19 and International Travel - 13 March, 2024

This section contains information on possible health risks and restrictions regularly found or ongoing in the destination. Follow this advice to lower your risk of becoming ill while travelling. Not all risks are listed below.

Consult a health care professional or visit a travel health clinic preferably 6 weeks before you travel to get personalized health advice and recommendations.

Routine vaccines

Be sure that your  routine vaccinations , as per your province or territory , are up-to-date before travelling, regardless of your destination.

Some of these vaccinations include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella (chickenpox), influenza and others.

Pre-travel vaccines and medications

You may be at risk for preventable diseases while travelling in this destination. Talk to a travel health professional about which medications or vaccines may be right for you, based on your destination and itinerary. 

Yellow fever   is a disease caused by a flavivirus from the bite of an infected mosquito.

Travellers get vaccinated either because it is required to enter a country or because it is recommended for their protection.

• There is no risk of yellow fever in this country.

Country Entry Requirement*

• This territory has not stated its yellow fever vaccination certificate requirements.

Recommendation

• Vaccination is not recommended.

About Yellow Fever

Yellow Fever Vaccination Centres in Canada * It is important to note that  country entry requirements  may not reflect your risk of yellow fever at your destination. It is recommended that you contact the nearest  diplomatic or consular office  of the destination(s) you will be visiting to verify any additional entry requirements.

  Hepatitis B is a risk in every destination. It is a viral liver disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another through exposure to blood and body fluids containing the hepatitis B virus.  Travellers who may be exposed to blood or other bodily fluids (e.g., through sexual contact, medical treatment, sharing needles, tattooing, acupuncture or occupational exposure) are at higher risk of getting hepatitis B.

Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all travellers. Prevent hepatitis B infection by practicing safe sex, only using new and sterile drug equipment, and only getting tattoos and piercings in settings that follow public health regulations and standards.

Measles is a highly contagious viral disease. It can spread quickly from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

Anyone who is not protected against measles is at risk of being infected with it when travelling internationally.

Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are fully protected against measles.

 The best way to protect yourself from seasonal influenza (flu) is to get vaccinated every year. Get the flu shot at least 2 weeks before travelling.  

 The flu occurs worldwide. 

•  In the Northern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs from November to   April.
•  In the Southern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs between April and   October.
•  In the tropics, there is flu activity year round. 

The flu vaccine available in one hemisphere may only offer partial protection against the flu in the other hemisphere.

The flu virus spreads from person to person when they cough or sneeze or by touching objects and surfaces that have been contaminated with the virus. Clean your hands often and wear a mask if you have a fever or respiratory symptoms.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious viral disease. It can spread from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

It is recommended that all eligible travellers complete a COVID-19 vaccine series along with any additional recommended doses in Canada before travelling. Evidence shows that vaccines are very effective at preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death from COVID-19. While vaccination provides better protection against serious illness, you may still be at risk of infection from the virus that causes COVID-19. Anyone who has not completed a vaccine series is at increased risk of being infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 and is at greater risk for severe disease when travelling internationally.

Before travelling, verify your destination’s COVID-19 vaccination entry/exit requirements. Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are adequately protected against COVID-19.

Safe food and water precautions

Many illnesses can be caused by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated by bacteria, parasites, toxins, or viruses, or by swimming or bathing in contaminated water.

• Learn more about food and water precautions to take to avoid getting sick by visiting our eat and drink safely abroad page. Remember: Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it!
• Avoid getting water into your eyes, mouth or nose when swimming or participating in activities in freshwater (streams, canals, lakes), particularly after flooding or heavy rain. Water may look clean but could still be polluted or contaminated.
• Avoid inhaling or swallowing water while bathing, showering, or swimming in pools or hot tubs. 

Insect bite prevention

Many diseases are spread by the bites of infected insects such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas or flies. When travelling to areas where infected insects may be present:

• Use insect repellent (bug spray) on exposed skin
• Cover up with light-coloured, loose clothes made of tightly woven materials such as nylon or polyester
• Minimize exposure to insects
• Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in buildings that are not fully enclosed

To learn more about how you can reduce your risk of infection and disease caused by bites, both at home and abroad, visit our insect bite prevention page.

Find out what types of insects are present where you’re travelling, when they’re most active, and the symptoms of the diseases they spread.

Animal precautions

Some infections, such as rabies and influenza, can be shared between humans and animals. Certain types of activities may increase your chance of contact with animals, such as travelling in rural or forested areas, camping, hiking, and visiting wet markets (places where live animals are slaughtered and sold) or caves.

Travellers are cautioned to avoid contact with animals, including dogs, livestock (pigs, cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats, and to avoid eating undercooked wild game.

Closely supervise children, as they are more likely to come in contact with animals.

Person-to-person infections

Stay home if you’re sick and practise proper cough and sneeze etiquette , which includes coughing or sneezing into a tissue or the bend of your arm, not your hand. Reduce your risk of colds, the flu and other illnesses by:

•   washing your hands often
• avoiding or limiting the amount of time spent in closed spaces, crowded places, or at large-scale events (concerts, sporting events, rallies)
• avoiding close physical contact with people who may be showing symptoms of illness 

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) , HIV , and mpox are spread through blood and bodily fluids; use condoms, practise safe sex, and limit your number of sexual partners. Check with your local public health authority pre-travel to determine your eligibility for mpox vaccine.  

Medical services and facilities

There are no search and rescue or emergency evacuation facilities in Antarctica. In case of emergency, you will be responsible for the costs of your search, rescue and evacuation.

Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.

Health and safety outside Canada

You must abide by local laws.

Learn about what you should do and how we can help if you are arrested or detained abroad .

The Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty on Environmental Protection—the Madrid Protocol—designates Antarctica as a natural reserve with established protected areas. Not owned by any one country, Antarctica is the site of environmental preservation efforts and scientific research.

Canada has implemented the Madrid Protocol into Canadian law with the Antarctic Environmental Protection Act. In doing so, the Canadian government now regulates the activities of its citizens in the Antarctic.

The Antarctic Environmental Protection Act prohibits Canadians and Canadian vessels, where applicable, from undertaking the following activities, except where a permit has been granted:

• activities related to mineral resources other than for scientific purposes
• interference with wildlife indigenous to the Antarctic
• introduction of animal or plant species that are not indigenous to the Antarctic
• any activity related to waste disposal
• any activity in a specially protected area

The weather in Antarctica is extreme. From March to September, temperatures can drop to -60C near sea level, and even lower in the interior. At the peak of winter, the continent receives little to no sunlight. Organized tours don’t operate during this period.

During mid-summer, from December to January, temperatures are around -2C to 4C. On the Antarctic Peninsula, temperatures can reach the low double-digits. There is sunlight up to 24 hours per day, depending on the location.

Blizzards are rare. However, in coastal areas, katabatic winds regularly reach speeds of 100 km/h. Gusts of up to 160 km/h are not uncommon. 

Local services

There is no centralized number to reach emergency services.

Consular assistance

There is no Canadian government office in Antarctica. Canadians visiting Antarctica should advise Global Affairs Canada in Ottawa of their travel plans prior to leaving.

For emergency consular assistance, contact the Emergency Watch and Response Centre in Ottawa.

Useful links

The decision to travel is your choice and you are responsible for your personal safety abroad. We take the safety and security of Canadians abroad very seriously and provide credible and timely information in our Travel Advice to enable you to make well-informed decisions regarding your travel abroad.

The content on this page is provided for information only. While we make every effort to give you correct information, it is provided on an "as is" basis without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. The Government of Canada does not assume responsibility and will not be liable for any damages in connection to the information provided.

If you need consular assistance while abroad, we will make every effort to help you. However, there may be constraints that will limit the ability of the Government of Canada to provide services.

Learn more about consular services .

Risk Levels

  take normal security precautions.

Take similar precautions to those you would take in Canada.

  Exercise a high degree of caution

There are certain safety and security concerns or the situation could change quickly. Be very cautious at all times, monitor local media and follow the instructions of local authorities.

IMPORTANT: The two levels below are official Government of Canada Travel Advisories and are issued when the safety and security of Canadians travelling or living in the country or region may be at risk.

  Avoid non-essential travel

Your safety and security could be at risk. You should think about your need to travel to this country, territory or region based on family or business requirements, knowledge of or familiarity with the region, and other factors. If you are already there, think about whether you really need to be there. If you do not need to be there, you should think about leaving.

  Avoid all travel

You should not travel to this country, territory or region. Your personal safety and security are at great risk. If you are already there, you should think about leaving if it is safe to do so.

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Antarctica cruises are more popular than ever. Experts say they need more regulations

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• Travel Tips

How to Visit Antarctica

From how to get there to what to pack, here's what you need to know about visiting Antarctica.

Meena Thiruvengadam is a lifelong traveler and veteran journalist who has visited more than 50 countries across six continents. Her writing has appeared in The Wall Street Journal , Departures , TripSavvy , and other publications.

There is at least one place left on earth where you really can disconnect: Antarctica.

There is no mobile phone service. There are no town squares, no restaurants, and no tourist traps. The local "airports" are really just ice or gravel landing strips.

Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia and mostly covered with a thick sheet of ice. It's one of the most remote destinations in the world and the trip of a lifetime for many travelers. It's also easier to travel to Antarctica than one might think.

Lars-Eric Lindblad first took a group of 57 visitors to Antarctica in 1966. "At that time it was more or less like accomplishing a moon landing," his son Sven-Olof Lindblad said. "In those days, we were not as prepared as we are now. There were no satellite ice charts. You were not that different navigationally from the early explorers."

Even now it can be hard to really understand Antarctica. It is the coldest and windiest place on earth and, by some measures, the driest. It has no currency of its own. It is a desert with no trees, no bushes, and no permanent residents. More meteorites are found in Antarctica than in any other place in the world.

Antarctica Beauty

"Antarctica is about the wildest place you can go on the planet," Lindblad said.

It's also an increasingly popular place to visit. According to the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators , tourism more than doubled from 2010 to 2020.

"The conversation around climate change has elevated people's interest and created a sense of urgency," Lindblad said.

The Best Times to Go to Antarctica

The Antarctic travel season lasts from November through March, the Antarctic summer. Temperatures are often below freezing at this time of year, especially in the continent's interior, but they can reach as high as 50 degrees Fahrenheit.

The best time for penguin spotting is late December or early January. Wait too long and previously pristine penguin colonies get dirty and smelly, said Nik Horncastle , a regional specialist with Audley Travel. For peak whale watching, try February or March.

Other activities, including snowshoeing, kayaking, skiing, camping, snorkeling, diving, and visits to historic sites from earlier expeditions, can be experienced throughout the season.

How to Get to Antarctica

One of the more common routes to Antarctica is by ship via Ushuaia, a city at the southern tip of Argentina. Several companies, including Hurtigruten Expeditions , Quark Expeditions , and Lindblad's namesake Lindblad Expeditions , specialize in Antarctic and polar cruising, offering journeys that range in length from just over a week to a full month and beyond.

On board, expect to mingle with scientists, naturalists, historians, and underwater specialists. "The onboard experience is a conversation around where you are and what does this place mean," Lindblad said. Internet service via satellite is available but comes with a hefty price tag.

Antarctica is one place where smaller boats offer a big advantage. "We don't recommend a boat over 200 people," Horncastle said. "Big boats can only stop at a few sites."

That said, if you want to visit Antarctica on a traditional cruise line, many major carriers can get you there — often on vessels that adhere to that fewer-than-200-guests rule of thumb. Some more affordable lines, like Norwegian and Royal Caribbean , stick to "cruise-only" itineraries, which sail along the Antarctic coast (and offer great views in the process) but don't allow disembarkation on the continent. A number of others, though, from Viking Cruises and Disney Cruise Line to Ponant and Silversea , take passengers right into the Antarctic interior, thanks to on-shore excursions and ships with icebreaker capabilities.

Booking an Antarctica Expedition

Expect to spend between $6,000 and $50,000 to visit Antarctica, depending on the length of the trip and the level of luxury you seek.

"It's an expensive trip," Horncastle said — but there are options if you're traveling on a budget.

Intrepid Travel and G Adventures both specialize in affordable trips to Antarctica, and neither requires single supplements for solo travelers. If you don't feel the need to set foot on the continent, you can also opt for a sightseeing flight. These flights, which cut costs by flying over Antarctica without stopping there, are available from most major cities in Australia at prices that start around $1,200 per person.

To both fly over and step onto the continent, Antarctica21 combines a two-hour flight from Chile with cruises that passengers can board in Antarctica. While this option doesn't give visitors the chance to cruise the famous Drake Passage, it does save time and minimize the risk of seasickness.

"The Drake Passage is a crossing full of unpredictable conditions," said Antarctica21's Francesco Contini. "When the crossing is rough, passengers tend to be not very comfortable."

Packing List for Antarctica

• Knee-high waterproof boots
• Waterproof pants
• A warm parka
• Waterproof gloves
• Warm base layers
• Extra socks
• A tight-fitting beanie
• A warm scarf
• A camera and lenses
• Seasickness medication

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The Last Place on Earth Any Tourist Should Go

Take Antarctica off your travel bucket list.

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On the southernmost continent, you can see enormous stretches of wind-sculpted ice that seem carved from marble, and others that are smooth and green as emerald. You can see icebergs, whales, emperor penguins. Visitors have described the place as otherworldly, magical, and majestic. The light, Jon Krakauer has said, is so ravishing, “you get drugged by it.”

Travelers are drawn to Antarctica for what they can find there—the wildlife, the scenery, the sense of adventure—and for what they can’t: cars, buildings, cell towers. They talk about the overwhelming silence. The Norwegian explorer Erling Kagge called it “the quietest place I have ever been.” All of these attractions are getting harder to find in the rest of the world. They’re disappearing in Antarctica too. The continent is melting; whole chunks are prematurely tumbling into the ocean. And more people than ever are in Antarctica because tourism is on a tear.

Four decades ago, the continent saw only a few hundred visitors each summer. More than 100,000 people traveled there this past season, the majority arriving on cruises. In the context of a land this size, that number may not sound like a lot. It’s roughly the capacity of Michigan Stadium, or about the attendance of the CES tech conference back in January.

But it’s also a record—and a 40 percent jump over 2019–20, the season before the coronavirus pandemic brought Antarctic travel to a near standstill. And although scientists who visit the continent to study its life and demise have a clear place here, many sightseers bring a whiff of “last-chance tourism”—a desire to see a place before it’s gone, even if that means helping hasten its disappearance. Perversely, the climate change that imperils Antarctica is making the continent easier to visit; melting sea ice has extended the cruising season. Travel companies are scrambling to add capacity. Cruise lines have launched several new ships over the past couple of years. Silversea’s ultra-luxurious Silver Endeavour is being used for “fast-track” trips—time-crunched travelers can save a few days by flying directly to Antarctica in business class.

Overtourism isn’t a new story. But Antarctica, designated as a global commons, is different from any other place on Earth. It’s less like a too-crowded national park and more like the moon, or the geographical equivalent of an uncontacted people. It is singular, and in its relative wildness and silence, it is the last of its kind. And because Antarctica is different, we should treat it differently: Let the last relatively untouched landscape stay that way.

Traveling to Antarctica is a carbon-intensive activity. Flights and cruises must cross thousands of miles in extreme conditions, contributing to the climate change that is causing ice loss and threatening whales, seals, and penguins. By one estimate, the carbon footprint for a person’s Antarctic cruise can be roughly equivalent to the average European’s output for a year, because cruise ships are heavy polluters and tourists have to fly so far. Almost all travel presents this problem on some level. But “this kind of tourism involves a larger carbon footprint than other kinds of tourism,” says Yu-Fai Leung, a professor in the College of Natural Resources at North Carolina State University who has done extensive research on Antarctic travel.

Antarctic tourism also directly imperils an already fragile ecosystem. Soot deposits from ship engines accelerate snow melting. Hikes can damage flora that take well over a decade to regrow in the harsh environment. Humans risk introducing disease and invasive species. Their very presence, North Carolina State scientists have shown, stresses out penguins, and could affect the animals’ breeding. Yet as tourism gets more popular, companies are competing to offer high-contact experiences that are more exciting than gazing at glaciers from the deck of a ship. Last year, for instance, a company named White Desert opened its latest luxury camp in Antarctica. Its sleeping domes, roughly 60 miles from the coast, are perched near an emperor-penguin colony and can be reached only by private jet. Guests, who pay at least $65,000 a stay, are encouraged to explore the continent by plane, Ski-Doos, and Arctic truck before enjoying a gourmet meal whose ingredients are flown in from South Africa.

All of this adds up. A recent study found that less than a third of the continent is still “pristine,” with no record of any human visitation. Those untouched areas don’t include Antarctica’s most biodiverse areas; like wildlife—and often because of wildlife—people prefer to gather in places that aren’t coated in ice. As more tourists arrive, going deeper into the continent to avoid other tourists and engage in a wider range of activities, those virgin areas will inevitably shrink.

The international community has banned mining on the continent, and ships aren’t allowed to use heavy fuel oil in its waters. Yet tourism is still only loosely regulated. “I think it’s fair to say the rules are just not good enough,” Tim Stephens, a professor at the University of Sydney who specializes in international law, told me. There’s no single central source of governance for tourism. The Antarctic Treaty System imposes broad environmental restrictions on the continent. Individual governments have varying laws that regulate operators, ships, and aircraft. The International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators has extensive guidelines it requires its members to follow, out of genuine concern and, perhaps, to ward off more rigorous outside regulation.

Gina Greer, IAATO’s executive director, says the organization is proactive about protecting Antarctica. Visitors are asked to keep a distance from wildlife, decontaminate their shoes to keep novel bugs and bacteria at bay, stay on established paths, and more. Because tour operators visit the same sites repeatedly, they can spot changes in the landscape or wildlife populations and notify scientists.

This spring, IAATO added a new slow zone—an area where ships have to reduce their speed to 10 knots because whales have been congregating there in greater numbers—to those implemented in 2019. “It’s amazing to see how members come together and make decisions that may be difficult but are necessary,” Greer told me.

Still, these are all essentially voluntary behaviors. And some operators don’t belong to IAATO.

Accidents also have a way of happening despite the best intentions. In 2007, the MS Explorer, a 250-foot expedition cruise ship, sank near penguin breeding grounds on the South Shetland Islands, leaving behind a wreck and a mile-long oil slick. Most cruise ships are registered in what Stephens calls “flag-convenient countries” that are lax on oversight. “If you have a cruise ship going down in Antarctica, it’s not going to be the same seriousness as the Exxon Valdez,” he said. “But it’s not going to be pretty.”

To reduce crowding and environmental pressure, modern-day tourists have been asked to think twice about visiting a slew of alluring places: Venice, Bali, Big Sur. But the calculus can get complicated—in almost any destination, you have locals who are trying to improve (or just sustain) their lot.

Most of the Maldives, for instance, lies just a meter above sea level. “Climate change is an existential threat,” Aminath Shauna, the minister of environment, climate change, and technology, said in an interview with the IMF in 2021. “There’s no higher ground we can run to.”

Within decades, the decadent overwater bungalows that the islands are known for could be underwater bungalows. But more than a quarter of the country’s GDP comes from tourism. So this year, the Maldives hopes to welcome 1.8 million tourists—all of whom can reach it only by plane or boat rides that indirectly contribute to rising seas.

That conflict doesn’t exist in Antarctica. With no human residents, it’s the rare place that still belongs to nature, as much as that’s possible. It is actually most valuable to us when left wild, so that it can continue to act as a buffer against climate change, a storehouse of the world’s fresh water, and a refuge for birds, whales, seals, fish, and even the krill that the entire marine ecosystem depends on.

Some argue that tourists become ambassadors for the continent—that is, for its protection and for environmental change. That’s laudable, but unsupported by research, which has shown that in many cases Antarctic tourists become ambassadors for more tourism.

Antarctica doesn’t need ambassadors; it needs guardians. Putting this land off-limits would signify how fragile and important—almost sacred—it is. Putting it at risk to give deep-pocketed tourists a sense of awe is simply not worth it.

We have more than a continent—or even our planet—at stake. The treaties that govern Antarctica helped lay the foundation for space agreements. Space is already crowded and junked up with human-made debris. Tourism will only add to the problem; experts are warning that it is intensely polluting and could deplete the ozone layer. If we can’t jointly act to put Antarctica off limits, our view of the moon may eventually be marred. Imagine a SpaceX–branded glamping resort, or a Blue Origin oasis stocked entirely by Amazon’s space-delivery business.

As a species, we’re not very good at self-restraint (see: AI). And these days, few arenas exist where individual decisions make a difference. Antarctica could be one of them. Maybe, despite our deepest impulses to explore, we can leave one place in the world alone.

This story is part of the Atlantic Planet series supported by HHMI’s Science and Educational Media Group.

About the Author

Covid outbreak at Antarctic research station forces temporary travel ban

A Covid outbreak at an American scientific research station in Antarctica has forced U.S. officials to temporarily halt all travel to the remote outpost.

The National Science Foundation, which operates McMurdo Station on the southern tip of Antarctica’s Ross Island, announced new measures over the weekend to help control the outbreak, which was first reported by NBC News on Friday .

“Consistent with the U.S. National Science Foundation’s commitment to balance research and operational needs while containing the spread of Covid cases in Antarctica, NSF is implementing a pause on all travel to the continent for the next two weeks, effective immediately, while we reassess the situation,” agency officials said in a statement released Saturday .

The temporary ban does not include essential travel for health and safety reasons, according to the agency. There is also a medical clinic located at the station to provide health care to its residents.

The agency confirmed that 10% of the research station’s population have tested positive for Covid during this recent outbreak. There are 885 people currently living and working at McMurdo Station.

The agency said it “highly recommends” KN-95 masks be worn at all times and will provide them to residents.

Though the station operates year-round, many scientists typically travel to McMurdo in November for field research during Antarctica’s summer season. It’s not yet clear what, if any, impact the outbreak could have on research and operations at the outpost.

Though most of the stricter Covid protocols from the past two years — including quarantines, charter flights and multiple PCR tests — have been relaxed, visitors to McMurdo must receive a bivalent booster shot and those who are at high risk for Covid are screened out.

Denise Chow is a science and space reporter for NBC News.

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Antarctica/British Antarctic Territory

Warnings and insurance.

The British Antarctic Territory is a British Overseas Territory. It is administered by a commissioner, based in London. The British Antarctic Territory website has more information. 

Before you travel 

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide. You may also find it helpful to: 

• see  general advice for women travellers
• read our guide on disability and travel abroad
• see  general advice for LGBT+ travellers
• read about  safety for solo and independent travel
• see advice on volunteering and adventure travel abroad

Travel insurance 

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance . Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency. 

About FCDO travel advice 

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office ( FCDO ) provides advice about risks of travel to help you make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice . 

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How to Travel to Antarctica: A Comprehensive Guide for Adventure Seekers

Table of Contents

Are You Planning a Trip to Antarctica? Discover the Best Methods and Essential Tips on How to Travel to Antarctica.

Antarctica, the frozen continent, has long drawn adventurous souls searching for adventure. But traveling there requires careful preparation and consideration. In this guide, we will cover every step to planning a memorable expedition to Antarctica – offering insights and tips to make your trip enjoyable.

Navigating Antarctica: How to Travel to Antarctica

Antarctica, an idyllic destination in the south, is a dream destination for many travelers. Navigating this frozen wilderness requires careful planning and adhering to specific guidelines; here’s a step-by-step guide on how you can reach it:

Research and Preparation

Before venturing to Antarctica, conducting proper research is of utmost importance. Acquaint yourself with this fantastic land’s geography, climate, and wildlife; examine travel options and tour operator regulations; equip yourself with knowledge for an enriching yet safe journey; prepare for this before embarking.

Undergoing an Antarctic expedition requires following strict guidelines established by the Antarctic Treaty System to protect this fragile ecosystem and maintain safety protocols and environmental regulations.

Choose the Right Expedition

Selecting a reputable tour operator is critical for an enjoyable Antarctic journey. Research various operators by looking at itinerary, vessel type, accommodation options, and overall experience before selecting one that aligns with your preferences and budget.

Plan Your Itinerary

Antarctica offers visitors an array of experiences, from scenic cruises and kayaking trips, kayaking tours, and ice climbing adventures – to iconic sites such as the Antarctic Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands. When planning your itinerary in Antarctica, consider these factors and build it according to what best fits your interests and available activities.

Related article: Why Travel is Important

Purchase Required Permits and Visas

Antarctica is a protected environment, so access is strictly regulated to preserve its ecosystem. You may require permits or visas depending on your nationality and purpose for visiting. Contact relevant authorities early and secure any documentation needed before arriving in Antarctica.

Pack Wisely

Packing essentials for extreme cold conditions, including thermal clothing, waterproof gear, and sturdy footwear, is essential. Furthermore, camera equipment and other necessities will make for an enjoyable and comfortable trip experience – keep weight/size restrictions in mind as per tour operators’ regulations.

Travel Logistics

Coordinate your Antarctica expedition’s details before and after, such as flights and accommodation arrangements. Leave plenty of time for delays due to inclement weather; this will ensure a more relaxing journey.

How much does it cost to travel to Antarctica?

Antarctica travel costs can range anywhere from several thousand to several tens of thousands of dollars per person, depending on your travel style and preferences.

An expedition cruise is one of the most popular ways to visit Antarctica, typically lasting 10-14 days and departing either Ushuaia, Argentina, or Punta Arenas, Chile . Cruise costs vary based on itinerary, ship, and cabin type; budget cruises begin at around $5,000 per person, while luxury trips may reach upwards of $30k per person.

An alternative way of traveling to Antarctica is via private jet. While this method can be expensive and inflexible, you have complete flexibility over your itinerary. You may choose one of the many research stations on the continent – booking one can cost between $ 50K and $ 100 K per person!

No matter how you travel to Antarctica, expect to pay a premium due to its remote location and specialized equipment/personnel needed for operating safely in its harsh climate.

Here is a breakdown of the estimated expenses associated with visiting Antarctica:

• Flights: $1,000-1,500 per person
• Cruise: $5,000-30K per person
• Accommodations: 500-2200 per night
• Food & Beverages (such as liquor): 1000-2K
• Activities & Excursions: $500-2000 per person
• Insurance: $200-500 per person
• Total cost: $10,000-$30,000 per person for each party’s annual fees and services.

Here are a few money-saving tips for your Antarctica expedition:

• Book your trip in advance if traveling during peak season (May or October)
• Consider budget cruise lines or share cabin options
• Bring snacks and drinks from home for maximum efficiency
• Explore free activities such as hiking and kayaking to take full advantage of them.

An unforgettable Antarctica expedition can be achieved with careful planning while staying within your budget.

5 Best Destinations to Visit in Antarctica

Antarctica boasts some incredible destinations worth visiting, so here are the five best spots for visitors.

Antarctica is an extraordinary and magnificent destination, renowned for its beautiful icy landscapes, diverse wildlife species, and scientific research opportunities. While tourism to Antarctica must be carefully managed to minimize environmental impact, there are some fantastic places you should visit if given the chance:

Antarctic Peninsula: 

Visitors often begin their Antarctic exploration at this region known for its spectacular scenery, glaciers, and abundance of penguins, seals, and seabirds – remembering research stations that enable learning about ongoing scientific endeavors.

Here’s more information on what makes it such a memorable place:

•  Spectacular Scenery:  Astounding landscapes created by towering glaciers, majestic icebergs, snow-covered mountain ranges, and picturesque bays combine into incredible scenes.
• Wildlife Abundantly Present:  Our abundant wildlife offers incredible viewing opportunities, from penguins (Adelie, Gentoo, and Chinstrap), seals (Waddell Leopard Crabeater Seals), seabirds, and much more!
• Research Stations:  Many research stations allow visitors to learn in-depth about ongoing scientific studies under extreme conditions.
• Historical Sites:  The peninsula holds immense value from remnants from past expeditions, research stations, and sites associated with early explorers.
• Adventure Activities:  Kayaking, ice climbing, mountaineering, and camping provide exhilarating experiences in frozen environments.
• Educational Advantages:  Tour guides often include lectures and expert presentations that increase an individual’s knowledge about Antarctica’s history, geography, wildlife, climate, etc.

Exploring Antarctica can be an unforgettable journey, yet it requires thoughtful environmental stewardship to protect its unique ecosystem.

Related article: How to Travel the World for Cheap

South Shetland Islands

Situated in Antarctica’s Southern Ocean, these magnificent archipelagos serve as an essential gateway for exploration of this remote continent. They are an invaluable hub for scientific research and tourism and comprise multiple islands.

These islands showcase Antarctica’s breathtaking beauty through dramatic icy landscapes, towering glaciers, and magnificent icebergs. Visitors are drawn by its abundant biodiversity, which features penguin rookeries, seal colonies, and diverse bird species like Adelie, Chinstrap, and Gentoo penguins , as well as Weddell and elephant seal colonies – an abundance of which attract visitors each year.

Research stations on certain islands offer insight into scientific endeavors and climate studies. At the same time, expeditions from the South Shetland Islands allow travelers to immerse themselves in Antarctica’s breathtaking icescape and unspoiled wilderness.

Ross Ice Shelf:

The Ross Ice Shelf is Antarctica most enormous floating mass of ice, roughly the size of France. Situated in the Ross Sea, this vast expanse of ice flows from Antarctica’s interior out into the ocean – acting to stabilize Antarctic ice sheets through movement, calving of icebergs, and interactions with surrounding ocean waters. Scientists study its dynamics to assess climate change impacts and stability issues that might have widespread consequences on global sea levels or the Antarctic ice sheet.

East Antarctica

East Antarctica is one of two central regions within Antarctica and comprises roughly two-thirds of its landmass. It is defined by an expansive ice sheet covering large sections of land and is estimated to contain 26.5 million cubic kilometers of ice; its vastness houses the South Pole while it can stretch up to 4.7 kilometers wide at times!

This region experiences extremely low temperatures – the lowest ever recorded on Earth is -80.3 degrees Celsius – yet several research stations still flourish there, conducting vital scientific investigations that help scientists better understand Earth’s climate history and future possibilities.

Weddell Sea (Part of the Southern Ocean)

The Weddell Sea is an expansive body of water located northeast of Antarctica’s Peninsula. It is famous for its extremely cold temperatures and a dense blanket of sea ice in winter months.

Named for British sealing captain James Weddell, who first explored it during the early 19th century, this significant scientific exploration and research area offers unique ecosystems and insights into climate change. Renowned for its beautiful icebergs and intricate ice formations that draw researchers studying polar marine life, oceanography, and climate, along with housing seals, penguins, whales, and various fish species, which help create vital insights into understanding life in the polar regions.

Staying safe when traveling to Antarctica means adhering to responsible tourism guidelines and respecting its fragile ecosystem. Be sure to follow all rules to preserve its unique beauty.

Related article: Kauai Top Activities: Discover the Best Things to Do

Conclusion:

Antarctica travel can be a fantastic adventure for adventurers of any stripe, yet preparation and compliance with guidelines must be taken seriously and followed in detail. This comprehensive guide explores every detail of traveling to this frozen wonderland and provides invaluable advice and essential tips to make the expedition experience as safe as possible. From initial research and selecting an experienced tour operator to planning the ideal itinerary and acquiring necessary permits – every step plays a pivotal part.

FAQs-Antarctica Travel Guide

Are there age restrictions for antarctica travel.

Yes, most expedition cruises to Antarctica have age restrictions due to the challenging conditions. Generally, the minimum age is around 12 to 18 years old, depending on the operator and the type of voyage.

What Wildlife Can I Expect to See?

Antarctica has unique wildlife, including penguins, seals, whales, and seabirds. Observing these animals in their natural habitat is one of the highlights of an Antarctic expedition.

How Can I Combat Sea Sickness During the Journey?

To combat sea sickness, consider consulting a medical professional before your trip. Also, choose a cabin near the ship’s center, where motion is less pronounced. Over-the-counter medications like Dramamine may also help alleviate symptoms.

Is Internet Access Available in Antarctica?

While some ships may offer limited internet access, it’s important to note that connectivity in Antarctica is scarce and unreliable. Prepare to disconnect and fully immerse yourself in the breathtaking surroundings.

What Is the Best Time to Visit Antarctica?

The best time to visit Antarctica is during the Austral summer, from November to March, when the temperatures are milder and wildlife is most active.

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How to get to Antarctica: The pros and cons of flying vs. cruising

Planning a trip to Antarctica ? The first thing you need to do is decide on how you want to get there.

The vast majority of people who travel to the White Continent reach it on a cruise vessel that departs from South America .

Such trips typically start with a two-day crossing of the notoriously rough Drake Passage — the waterway between South America and Antarctica — followed by five or six days of exploring the coast of the continent and then a return trip across the Drake.

But there's a second, less common way to go.

A handful of tour companies operate so-called "fly-cruise" trips to Antarctica that use hardy airplanes to fly tourists directly to the continent — no sailing across the Drake required.

On such trips, travelers still explore the coast of Antarctica by cruise vessel. But they don't board the vessel that will take them exploring until after they land on the continent.

Related: What it's like flying to Antarctica on a chartered plane

As I saw during a test of one of the fly-cruise trips this winter, it's a very different experience from the traditional sail-across-the-Drake trip to Antarctica (one of which I also did this winter — yeah, I'm a little obsessed with polar regions).

So which is the better way to go?

The short answer: There is no short answer. There are pros and cons to both, and the type of Antarctica trip that is right for you may not be the same as the type of Antarctica trip that is right for your neighbor. It will depend on several factors including your tolerance for rough seas, the time you have to travel and your budget.

Here, a look at some of the advantages and disadvantages of the two major ways to get to Antarctica.

The all-cruise option

As noted above, most travelers to Antarctica reach the continent on a cruise vessel that departs from South America — usually from Ushuaia, Argentina, or Puntas Arenas, Chile. Both are located at the very southern tip of South America. There also are a few cruise vessels that sail to Antarctica from Australia and New Zealand, though this is less common.

In most cases, such vessels are expedition cruise ships — small, hardy vessels with their own landing craft that are specifically designed to travel to remote, hard-to-reach places.

Related: The 11 best new expedition ships that go to Antarctica

In many cases, the voyages are operated by small companies that are specifically known for expedition cruising, including Lindblad Expeditions , Hurtigruten Expeditions , Quark Expeditions and Oceanwide Expeditions. But quite a few more-traditional cruise lines — including Silversea Cruises , Viking and Hapag-Lloyd Cruises — also operate expedition ships specifically built for travel to Antarctica and other polar regions.

Advantages of an all-cruise trip

The biggest advantage of an all-cruise trip to Antarctica is also, for some, its biggest disadvantage (more on this in a moment): It gets you into the Drake Passage.

As mentioned above, the Drake can be notoriously rough. Indeed, it's known as one of the roughest waterways in the world. It's not uncommon to encounter waves of 10 or 15 feet during a Drake crossing and, as I've experienced myself, the waves can be much higher.

That may sound like nothing but a disadvantage. But to many travelers — including me — crossing to Antarctica in such seas is an integral part of the experience of a trip there. It's part of understanding the remarkable history of Antarctic exploration, for sure, as it offers a taste of what the great Antarctic explorers such as Ernest Shackleton and Roald Amundsen had to endure in their epic journeys to the continent a century ago. It's also part of understanding the true remoteness of Antarctica, as the journey covers such a massive stretch of ocean.

Related: These 8 books are must-reads before an Antarctica trip

Bird-loving travelers who cross the Drake Passage by ship have the opportunity to see such remarkable bird species as the giant albatross, which you normally won't find in Antarctica.

In addition, the two days of crossing the Drake Passage at the start of an all-cruise Antarctica trip gives the guides on such trips a chance to prepare you for what you're about to see. Typically on such trips, specialists in such topics as Antarctica wildlife, geology and history will hold introductory lectures during the crossing that will help you put things in context upon arrival.

If nothing else, the two days provide a much-needed period of transition for travelers who have just left the frantic, crowded, modern world and soon will be thrust into a land of utter emptiness and wonder.

For some, braving a possibly rough trip across the Drake Passage is also a rite of passage. If you've gotten to Antarctica by ship across the Drake Passage, you've earned it.

Disadvantage of an all-cruise trip

As noted above, the biggest disadvantage of an all-cruise trip to Antarctica is the very same thing that some see as its biggest advantage: It gets you into the Drake — not just once, but twice.

Some people, including me, love cruising in big waves. It can be thrilling to experience the power of the ocean in all its force. But even those of us who love big waves have our limits. For someone who is prone to seasickness even in relatively calm seas, a transit through the Drake Passage can be a downright miserable experience.

Related: Discovering the wild dreamscape of Antarctica

Note that contrary to what you may hear, the Drake Passage isn't always fraught. While waves up to 25 or even 35 feet high at times are not uncommon, it can also be almost perfectly calm, a phenomenon known as the Drake Lake.

I experienced these calm conditions myself during my outbound crossing to Antarctica on a Lindblad Expeditions trip in January. On the way back, in contrast, we hit nearly 20-foot-high seas.

The 'fly-cruise' option

Fly-cruise tours to Antarctica typically start with a two-hour flight from Punta Arenas, Chile, to a Chilean research base on Antarctica's King George Island, thus skipping a ship crossing of the Drake Passage. The Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva base, as it's known, has a gravel runway that is just long enough to handle some relatively small, hardy jets.

After landing at King George Island, passengers on fly-cruise trips walk to a nearby bay for a Zodiac boat transfer to an awaiting expedition cruise vessel. From there, they are quickly off on a five- or six-night exploration of the nearby Antarctic Peninsula and its environs.

At the end of the exploration, they fly back to Punta Arenas from the same base on King George Island at which they arrived.

Related: This new luxury tour gets you to Antarctica faster than most

The number of tour companies offering such trips is much more limited. They include Silversea Cruises (which just began such trips in December), Antarctica 21 and Quark Expeditions.

Such fly-cruise trips are still relatively rare. About 90% of travelers to Antarctica still arrive at the continent by ship.

Advantages of a fly-cruise trip

There are two big advantages to a fly-cruise trip to Antarctica. First, you get to skip the Drake Passage. As I already suggested above, that can be a very big deal to someone who is prone to seasickness. For people who are particularly sensitive to motion, flying there really is the only viable option for a trip to Antarctica, unless you want to risk being miserable for up to four days (don't forget you'll have to cross the Drake twice on an all-cruise trip).

For the record, these post-flight sailings don't entirely remove the possibility of experiencing rough seas. After leaving King George Island, expedition ships must cross the 60-mile-wide Bransfield Strait to reach the Antarctic Peninsula — and the strait is a body of water that can be choppy, as I saw for myself on the first night of my fly-cruise trip this past winter with Silversea. We hit seas around 10 feet high in the strait, leaving many passengers feeling queasy or worse.

Related: I just spent the night in an 'igloo' in Antarctica — here's how you can, too

But the good news is that the Bransfield Strait crossing is relatively quick. We entered it in the evening and were through it by wake-up time the next day. Once at the Antarctic Peninsula, the seas are relatively calm.

The second big advantage of fly-cruise trips to Antarctica is that they are shorter than what is typical for an Antarctica trip — something that should appeal to would-be Antarctica visitors who are limited in the number of days they can get away from work.

Antarctica trips that include ship crossings of the Drake Passage usually are at least 10 nights in length, not including the time it takes to get to and from the southern tip of South America. By cutting out the days crossing the Drake Passage, fly-cruise tour operators are able to offer an equal amount of time exploring Antarctica on a trip lasting just eight nights, including two nights in a Punta Arenas hotel — one before the flight to Antarctica and one afterward.

Disadvantages of a fly-cruise trip

The big knock on fly-cruise sailings to Antarctica over the years has been that there is a risk that poor weather at the landing site at King George Island could cause flights to and from the island to be delayed. The landings on the rough airstrip at the Chilean base require that pilots have a visual sighting of the runway.

Some companies, such as Silversea, have taken this into account in their itinerary planning. To allow for delays caused by shifting weather, Silversea has built a wide "weather window" for the charter flights to and from Antarctica into its itinerary. Silversea's trips begin and end with a night at a hotel in Punta Arenas, with downtime there built into the itinerary that creates a significant amount of wiggle room for when the flights can occur.

Related: I just went kayaking in Antarctica -- it was the most calm I've felt all year

If the weather is right, the flights to Antarctica will take place the morning after passengers arrive in Punta Arenas. But they can also shift earlier or later if the weather isn't cooperating. The flights back to Punta Arenas from King George Island can be similarly adjusted.

In addition, Silversea has booked extra nights at the hotel it uses in Punta Arenas, at its expense, just in case the flights are significantly delayed and passengers have to spend an extra night in Punta Arenas either on the way in or the way out, though such an occurrence would be rare.

I saw this weather-window strategy in action myself during my fly-cruise trip to Antarctica this past winter. The day before we were supposed to fly back from King George Island, a large storm front moved in over it with low-lying clouds and fierce winds. The storm not only made it difficult for the charter planes that were supposed to take us back to Chile to land at the island, but also made it difficult to operate the Zodiac boats that would be shuttling us from the ship to shore.

As per the plan, we arrived back at the bay at King George Island early and waited for a clearing in the weather that would allow our flights home to take place. Such a window finally appeared in the late evening of the last day of the trip. We took off for Chile at around 11 p.m., about nine hours later than we would have if the weather had been ideal.

Another possible downside to the fly-cruise trips to Antarctica is that they are typically more expensive, on a per-day basis, than all-cruise trips.

Related: The ultimate Antarctica packing guide

At Silversea, which offers both types of Antarctica trips, eight-night fly-cruise itineraries start at $16,600 per person, including flights — more than $2,000 per day.

Fares for Silversea's traditional Antarctica sailings that involve a crossing of the Drake Passage start at $11,900 per person, about 40% less.

In both cases, the fares above are highly-inclusive "door-to-door" pricing that comes with private executive transfers between your home and departure airport, international flights to South America and regional flights, airport transfers in South America, pre-cruise hotel stays, all shore tours, drinks and gratuities. Silversea also offers less expensive "port-to-port" pricing that strips out the international portion of the flights and transfers.

Bottom line

There's no right answer to the question of how to get to Antarctica, whether by ship or plane. I know which way I lean. I prefer to go by ship, as I relish the experience of following in the footsteps of the great explorers in crossing the sometimes rough Drake Passage. But other travelers will be better off, for sure, going the fly-cruise route, whether because they are prone to seasickness even in moderate seas or just can't take all that many days off for travel.

Planning an Antarctica cruise expedition? Start with these stories:

• Dreaming of Antarctica: How to book the trip of a lifetime
• Skip the Drake Passage: What it's like flying to Antarctica on a chartered plane
• 7 tips for visiting Antarctica before it's too late
• The ultimate packing list for an Antarctica trip
• These 8 books are must reads before any Antarctica trip

Protect Your Trip »

The 7 top antarctica cruises for 2024 + tips from an expert.

Plan your next epic adventure to the White Continent.

The Top Antarctica Cruises

Yuri Matisse Choufour | Courtesy of Hurtigruten Expeditions

Experience otherworldly beauty on an Antarctica cruise.

An expedition to Antarctica is a once-in-a-lifetime adventure for intrepid travelers who want to explore this remote destination at the bottom of the world. The landscapes are surreal, with eerily blue icebergs, towering ice-capped mountains, dramatic weather conditions that change within seconds and species of wildlife that exist nowhere else on Earth – it's hard to imagine until you've made the long journey yourself.

The fifth-largest continent is home to the largest ice sheet on the planet, the Antarctic Ice Sheet, as well as the Transantarctic Mountains, with peaks soaring more than 14,700 feet into the sky. West Antarctica has volcanoes that are part of a tectonically active area around the Pacific Ocean known as the "Ring of Fire." This incredibly diverse and magical part of the world also has the coldest temperature ever recorded at -135.8 degrees Fahrenheit in 2010.

U.S. News has compiled a selection of seven different Antarctic experiences to help you plan your bucket list adventure to the White Continent.

Book an Antarctica cruise on GoToSea , a service of U.S. News.

Atlas Ocean Voyages: 11-night Ushuaia Roundtrip

Courtesy of Atlas Ocean Voyages

This 11-night expedition with Atlas is available on several dates in 2024. One highlight of the voyage is crossing the Antarctic Circle, along with four days exploring Antarctica and two days spent in the South Shetland Islands. You'll also have two days en route to Antarctica and two days on the return trip on the famed Drake Passage – also known as the "Drake Lake" (on smooth days) or the "Drake Shake" (when the seas are rough).

During your days at sea, take in all the onboard lectures and films about Antarctica, and head outside on the decks to see petrels and albatrosses soaring overhead. This is the perfect opportunity to practice your photography skills before reaching the Antarctic Peninsula, where you want to take nothing but pictures and leave nothing but footprints.

Atlas' Jan. 14 expedition is on the line's newest ship, World Voyager. The purpose-built yacht-style vessel features a hydro-jet propulsion system that's quieter and less disruptive to the fragile ecosystem. This feature also provides the opportunity for guests to see more wildlife during up-close encounters. Pricing is all-inclusive on board the ship with free open bars; all meals, wines, spirits and craft beers; a stocked in-room minibar; all landings, Zodiac excursions and lectures; the use of kayaks, walking sticks, knee boots and binoculars; and a souvenir Atlas jacket to take home. Fares also include a one-night pre-cruise stay and private charter jet service round-trip from Buenos Aires to Ushuaia, Argentina.

Aurora Expeditions: Antarctic Peninsula in Depth

Tyson Mayr | Courtesy of Aurora Expeditions

Aurora offers a 14-night Antarctic intensive voyage sailing round-trip from Ushuaia on Nov. 6, 2024, aboard the 132-passenger purpose-built expedition ship Greg Mortimer. This vessel was the first passenger ship to utilize the state-of-the-art Ulstein X-BOW, which provides a smoother, quicker and more efficient transit across the ocean. The ship also incorporates many environmentally conscious features, including low energy consumption and virtual anchoring, which protects the sea floor and minimizes damage caused by traditional anchors.

Guests will find expansive observation decks and hydraulic viewing platforms for optimal wildlife viewing on board. Other highlights of the expedition are nine full days to explore the Antarctic Peninsula in nearly 24 hours of daylight at the peak of summer. During this time, you can expect to see whales arriving to feed on the plentiful krill, fur seal pups and many entertaining penguins.

Prices are mostly all-inclusive, with a one-night hotel stay before boarding the ship; all meals, snacks and complimentary nonalcoholic beverages; beer and house wine at lunch and dinner; the use of Muck Boots for the expedition; all shore excursions and Zodiac cruises; educational lectures; and more. Adventurous explorers can add on activities (at an additional cost) such as sea kayaking, snowshoeing, camping, and skiing or snowboarding. The line also offers longer 20- to 24-day expeditions that include South Georgia Island.

Read: Sustainable Cruises: The Top Lines Making Progress

Hurtigruten Expeditions: Antarctica, Patagonia and Chilean Fjords Expedition

Dan Avila | Courtesy of Hurtigruten Expeditions

For an extended adventure that includes crossing the Drake Passage twice, spending up to five days in Antarctica and then landing on Cape Horn in Chile (weather permitting), consider the 25-night grand expedition cruise aboard the Hutrigruten Expeditions' MS Roald Amundsen. Additional highlights are scenic cruising in Garibaldi Fjord in Alberto de Agostini National Park to see the Garibaldi Glacier; visiting the town of Puerto Natales, the gateway to Torres del Paine National Park ; and seeing the longest Southern Hemisphere glacier outside of Antarctica (which grows by as much as 150 feet a day), the Pio XI Glacier in Bernado O'Higgins National Park. This epic adventure begins March 9, 2024, in Buenos Aires and ends in Valparaíso, Chile.

The ship for the voyage, MS Roald Amundsen, is a hybrid vessel that reduces CO2 emissions by using electrical propulsion – and it's designed specifically for use in polar waters. The vessel carries just 500 guests (to adhere to regulations for visiting Antarctica) and features all exterior cabins with Scandinavian inspired decor. Guests will also find an Explorer lounge and bar, three dining venues, the Science Center, a sauna and spa, and other amenities. Fares are mostly all-inclusive, covering a complimentary expedition jacket; the use of expedition equipment like boots and trekking poles; landing activities; most dining options; and wine, beer and soft drinks at meals.

Lindblad Expeditions – National Geographic: Journey to Antarctica: The White Continent

Ralph Lee Hopkins | Courtesy of Lindblad Expeditions

Lindblad Expeditions was the first company to bring citizen explorers to Antarctica in 1966, pioneering travel to this remote destination. The line's 13-night expedition to Antarctica is offered nearly 20 times throughout the summer season in 2024 on one of three ships. Depending on the ship, guests will have one evening in either Buenos Aires or Santiago, Chile , before flying to Ushuaia the next morning to embark the vessel.

With about five days to explore Antarctica, you'll have time to take in the awe-inspiring landscapes and look for seals and blue-eyed shags up close from Zodiacs. On land, watch thousands of Adélie and gentoo penguins as they playfully slide down the snow-covered hills on their bellies – one right after the other – diving headfirst into the icy waters. After the adventure, a private charter flight will return you to either Buenos Aires or Santiago before your return flight home.

The line's newest expedition vessel, National Geographic Resolution, accommodates just 138 guests – and there are two new cabins for solo cruisers . Guests on the Polar Class 5 vessel will have a National Geographic photographer and a Lindblad-National Geographic-certified photo instructor and video chronicler documenting the trip. Onboard amenities include a yoga studio, a wellness specialist, infinity-style hot tubs, two restaurants and a chef's table, and plenty of indoor and outdoor viewing areas. This ship also carries an ROV (a remotely operated vehicle) for underwater exploration and other high-tech video gear.

You can even book an overnight stay in an igloo (on a first-come, first-served basis) and spend the evening under the polar sky. Fares are mostly all-inclusive and include all onboard meals and most meals ashore; nonalcoholic and alcoholic beverages; transfers; excursions; a complimentary jacket; and more.

Silversea: King George Island to King George Island (Antarctica Bridge)

Courtesy of Silversea

Silversea's six-night Antarctica Bridge expedition takes guests round-trip by a business class flight directly to the Antarctica Peninsula, flying into King George Island from Punta Arenas, Chile. This itinerary is offered several times throughout the season for guests who don't have extensive time to travel – or are nervous about sailing the Drake Passage. Silversea 's pricing is all-inclusive, and guests can choose between door-to-door or port-to-port fares.

While the weather determines the specific itinerary in Antarctica, guests can expect to have several excursions in the Antarctic Sound and as many as nine excursions on the Antarctic Peninsula that include hiking, kayaking and scenic Zodiac cruises with the expedition team. There's also one excursion in the South Shetland Islands, where you can look for massive elephant seals. There will be an abundance of bird and animal viewing on wildlife-rich King George Island, the largest of the South Shetland Islands, which is home to Adélie, chinstrap and gentoo penguins as well as Weddell and leopard seals.

Oceanwide Expeditions and Swoop Antarctica: Quest for the Emperor Penguins of Snow Hill Island

Getty Images

Swoop Antarctica's 10-night adventure-filled journey takes wildlife and history enthusiasts into the ice-choked waters of the Weddell Sea, past towering tabular icebergs, in search of the emperor penguin's rookery on Snow Hill: one of the most remote penguin rookeries on the planet. The incredible itinerary also sails through the same waters where famed Antarctic explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton's ship, the Endurance, sank in 1915 – and to the rarely seen west slopes of the Antarctic Sound.

Other highlights include Zodiac and helicopter landings (weather permitting) to additional remote locales, including Seymour Island, where the Swedish Antarctic Expedition of 1901 to 1904 spent a winter season; Brown Bluff, one of the most scenic places on the northern tip of the Antarctic Continent and home to a large Adélie penguin rookery; and the volcanic crater of Deception Island.

There are two sailings in November 2024 on board the 1A-class, ice-strengthened Oceanwide Expeditions' Ortelius: a 108-passenger former Russian research vessel. Fares includes all meals and nonalcoholic beverages, all Zodiac and shore excursions, educational lectures, helicopter transfers, and group transfers. Optional adventure activities, alcoholic beverages and other personal expenses are at an additional cost.

The onboard helicopter pad is one of the features of the vessel and is used on select expeditions in the Weddell and Ross seas. It's important to note that very few companies offer expeditions to the Weddell Sea that include Snow Hill Island. While Ortelius is not a luxury vessel like other ships mentioned in this list, it is a stable expedition-style ship built for these icy – and at times treacherous – waters and weather conditions.

Viking: Antarctica & South Georgia Island

Courtesy of Viking

Viking's 18-night Antarctica and South Georgia Island expedition begins with an overnight stay in Buenos Aires followed by a flight the next morning to Ushuaia, the southernmost city in the world. The first two stops on the expedition are in the Falkland Islands, where you'll find beautiful scenery with imposing cliffs, many types of marine birds and five species of penguins. In South Georgia, watch for king penguins and seals. Then, it's on to Antarctica for days 12 through 16. Guests will have the option to reserve a spot on the Viking DNV-classed submarine for a thrilling journey into the depths of the frigid waters in Antarctica. The return sailing, by way of the Drake Passage, disembarks in Ushuaia.

In 2024, this itinerary is available Jan. 31 and again Dec. 15 on Viking Octantis. The purpose-built Polar Class 6 vessel accommodates up to 378 guests and offers many of the same venues found on Viking's ocean ships, including the Explorers' Lounge, World Café, Mamsen's, Manfredi's Italian Restaurant and the Nordic Spa. There are also expedition-specific features, such as Expedition Central, the Science Lab and – for educational lectures and briefings – the Aula theater. Viking's fares are mostly all-inclusive, with all meals and wine and beer served with lunch and dinner; 24-hour specialty teas, coffees and nonalcoholic beverages; a keepsake Viking jacket; complimentary use of the excursion gear; and more.

Find an Antarctica cruise on GoToSea.

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Expert tips on Antarctica expeditions

There are many factors to consider when planning an Antarctica expedition, including where you want to travel to, the length of the trip and whether you want to sail the famed Drake Passage twice.

To provide helpful insights and information to plan your trip, U.S. News reached out to an expert in the region, Aurora Expeditions' expedition leader, Ashley Perrin , for tips on planning your adventure to the White Continent. Perrin has degrees in both geography and oceanography from the University of Southampton. She was appointed as the first woman boating officer in Antarctica by the British Antarctic Survey in 2009, and has led multiple expeditions to Antarctica, South Georgia and the Falklands.

Which month is best (in your opinion) to travel to Antarctica and why? 

Perrin: "My favorite time to travel to Antarctica is the end of December or beginning of January, because the penguin chicks are starting to come out and you get the most wildlife spotting opportunities, with marine mammals, penguins and albatross – on top of the spectacular scenery."

What length of trip do you recommend for first-time visitors?

Perrin: "The 10- to 12-day Spirit of Antarctica or Antarctic Explorer (with Aurora Expeditions) is a fantastic introduction to the Antarctic Peninsula. If you had the additional time and opportunity, ideally you would also opt for a voyage that visits South Georgia. For many travelers, this is really the jewel in the crown of the Antarctic experience because of the incredible wildlife opportunities here."

What should you look for in an expedition ship/tour when planning a trip to Antarctica?

Perrin: "Travelers should look for a high-quality educational experience, including lectures and opportunities for Citizen Science. This is such a fascinating and important destination, and you want to ensure you can learn and take as much in as you can. A pivotal factor in this is also choosing a company that offers low passenger numbers.

"Travelers don't have enough of an understanding of the impact of this on their voyage. In the Antarctic Peninsula only 100 people are allowed on land at one time, while at some sites it is 30 to 50 people. Having smaller groups enables passengers to have more time off ship exploring and connecting with nature, and this has such a significant impact on your experience.

"If you like to be a little more active, I would also highly recommend an operator that offers activities, such as kayaking in Antarctica. This allows you to see Antarctica from a different viewpoint and the silence is amazing. You still have opportunities to do landings as well, so I think it's the best of both worlds."

Do you prefer the combination fly/sail for the Drake Passage or sailing the Drake Passage both ways?

Perrin: "I prefer to sail both ways as it's how you earn your right to get to Antarctica! You also get more opportunities to see wildlife like seabirds, and it gives you extra time to prepare for the Antarctic experience through pre-lectures and education. Travelers arrive with more of an understanding of what to expect."

Any other tips, advice or comments you'd like to share?

Perrin: "Do your research into the operator you are choosing and their different offerings – things like passenger numbers, expedition team experience and off ship activities – as these can all have a significant impact on the travel experience. There is also a big difference between traditional cruise operators and expedition operators and what travelers can expect. We ensure that our passengers are exploring and getting off the ship as much as possible.

"I would also add that it's important to do your research into the areas that you're most interested in. For example, it could be history, exploration and walking in someone's footsteps (such as Sir Ernest Shackleton), or the types of wildlife you might see. Having a deeper understanding of the history and the region really does enhance the experience once you are there."

Frequently Asked Questions

An expedition where you get off the ship and make landings on the Antarctic peninsula typically costs about $10,000 per person for a 10-night voyage. However, depending on the cruise line, the ship and dates of travel – and whether you sail or fly the Drake Passage – you could spend as much as $29,000 per person for a 12-night expedition or more. There are slightly lower prices for some expeditions, such as a few with Hurtigruten Expeditions, and you can find reduced fares and deals with lines like Atlas Ocean Voyages and Quark Expeditions. In addition, there are extended polar expeditions that range from a 14-night trip to the 94-night Pole-to-Pole Ultimate Bucket List Expedition Cruise with Hurtigruten Expeditions, which is priced at close to $48,000.

If you're not interested in getting off the ship in Antarctica to see penguins and seals up close (but no closer than 15 feet, according to the Antarctic Treaty), you can opt for a voyage on a large cruise ship that sails around the continent for a much lower cost. Just know that you won't be able to disembark at any point in Antarctica. For example, Norwegian Cruise Line has a 14-night Antarctica and South America voyage that makes a round trip from Buenos Aires, Argentina, for as low as $999 per person. You may be able to find even cheaper fares from lines such as Celebrity Cruises or Princess Cruises.

It's important to note that by the rules set forth in the Antarctic Treaty, only ships carrying 500 or less passengers are permitted to make landings on the Antarctica peninsula. The Antarctic Treaty, along with the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators, has strict conservation protocols and regulates that no more than 100 passengers are allowed to go ashore at one time. The IAATO works with more than 100 Antarctica outfitters to create the guidelines and safety procedures to protect the fragile environment and wildlife in this remote part of the world.

The following cruise lines offer small ship expeditions in Antarctica with no more than 500 passengers. You can also look at tour companies – such as Abercrombie & Kent, G Adventures, Adventure Life and Swoop Antarctica – that exclusively charter ships or help navigate the decision-making process for their clients and book individual expeditions with the cruise lines.

• Atlas Ocean Voyages
• Aurora Expeditions
• Hapag-Lloyd Cruises
• Hurtigruten Expeditions
• Lindblad Expeditions – National Geographic
• Quark Expeditions
• Scenic Luxury Cruises & Tours
• Seabourn Cruise Line

These larger cruise lines offer sailings around the Antarctic Peninsula, which may include scenic cruising in and around the Gerlache Strait, Elephant Island, Paradise Bay and Schollart Channel.

• Celebrity Cruises
• Holland America Line
• Norwegian Cruise Line
• Oceania Cruises
• Princess Cruises
• Regent Seven Seas Cruises
• Royal Caribbean International

The answer depends on the expedition. The majority of passengers will depart from South America in either Ushuaia, Argentina – which is also known as the "End of the World" – or Punta Arenas, Chile. Then it will take approximately two days to cross the Drake Passage to reach the Antarctic Peninsula. Some lines also offer chartered flights from Punta Arenas to Antarctica, which only take about two hours. Some passengers who have taken the flight say it can be as unnerving as sailing the Drake Passage, since weather conditions can delay the flight for up to several days where you could potentially miss the trip.

Cruises on larger ships that only sail around the Antarctic Peninsula may embark in Buenos Aires; Santiago, Chile; Puerto Williams, Chile; Rio de Janeiro; ports in Florida or New Zealand; or even the South Shetland Islands.

The expedition and cruise season to Antarctica extends from November to March, which is during the austral summer in the Southern Hemisphere. But Antarctica is still the windiest, coldest and driest continent on Earth, so weather conditions are unpredictable and can change quickly – even during the summertime. One minute the sun may be out, and the next minute it can be snowing and extremely windy and cloudy.

Visitors in November can expect temperatures between a low of 25 degrees to a high of 32 degrees Fahrenheit. The warmest temperatures are typically in January, when you'll find days ranging between 33 to 36 degrees before they start to drop again in February.

Most expedition companies provide jackets that you can take home, so you won't need to bring a heavy parka if it's given to you on board. They may also provide waterproof boots that you'll need to use for wet landings. It's best to check with your expedition line to see what's available on the ship, what you can rent or buy, and what you'll need to pack and bring with you. Due to the unpredictable weather, it's advisable to bring different types of layers.

Here are some of the items you'll want to pack:

Layers: Pack at least two top and two bottom quick-drying base layers (or more, depending on the length of your expedition) that wick moisture, such as those made of silk, wool or bamboo. It does get toasty when you're layered up and moving around ashore, so choose lightweight options that will layer easily under the rest of your clothing and keep you warm and dry. For your mid-layer top, go with a lightweight polar fleece or vest; for the bottom, quick-drying warm tights or fleece pants are a good option.

You'll also want to layer what's on your feet, starting with a wicking pair of socks made from silk or synthetic polypropylene, followed by a good pair of merino wool socks from a brand like Smartwool. Glove liners are another must, especially if your hands tend to get cold. If you can, buy insulated waterproof gloves with removable liners to save packing an extra item. You may also want to toss a few hand and foot warmers in the suitcase in case you need extra warmth. Bring a lighter pair of insulated gloves for warmer days off the ship.

And don't forget a lined wool beanie, a set of earmuffs, and a balaclava or fleece neck gaiter to keep your ears and face warm and your nose and mouth protected from the cold air and wind.

Waterproof gear: The parka and tall waterproof boots may be provided on the ship, but if they're not, you'll need to bring your own. You'll also need wind- and waterproof pants to go over your base layer and mid-layers. If they're tapered at the bottom, you should be able to tuck them into your boots. Perrin says this is one of the most important items you should purchase and pack for your expedition.

Comfy clothes ­and shoes for around the ship: Most people dress casual on Antarctica cruises, so bring clothes that will be comfortable for days and evenings around the ship. It can get rough when crossing the Drake Passage, so you'll want flat or low-heeled shoes for those days at sea.

Other items you'll want to pack:

• Waterproof dry pack
• Sea-Bands and medications for motion sickness
• Camera and accessories with a waterproof cover
• Hiking poles (unless the ship has them available)
• Swimsuit (you may want to take the polar plunge!)
• Other necessary medications
• Hydrating lip balm and a good protective moisturizer
• Polarized sunglasses
• Books on the history of early exploration in Antarctica and the incredible wildlife

Why Trust U.S. News Travel

Gwen Pratesi has been an avid cruiser since her early 20s. She has sailed on nearly every type of cruise ship built, including the newest megaships, paddle-wheelers on the Mississippi River, and an 18-stateroom river ship on the Mekong River in Vietnam and Cambodia. She has also cruised on a traditional masted sailing ship and on a small luxury expedition vessel in Antarctica crossing the notorious Drake Passage twice. Pratesi covers the travel and culinary industries for major publications including U.S. News & World Report.

You might also be interested in:

• Cruise Packing List
• Alaska Cruise Packing List
• The Best Alaska Cruise Lines
• The Best Time to Cruise to Alaska
• The Best Cruise Insurance Plans

Tags: Travel , Cruises

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