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Guide to Bringing Medicines Into Japan

Find out the rules on what medication you can bring to Japan

Nothing ruins a trip more than getting sick and not being able to treat your illness. Often, travelers will carry typical over-the-counter or prescription medicines with them to avoid any unpleasant situations. However, Japan’s strict rules concerning the importation of medicines may affect your packing list.

Find out what the rules are for bringing medicine to Japan, and what you might be able to get locally, with our step-by-step guide.

The information shared in this guide does not constitute legal advice and is subject to change in accordance with the latest laws and regulations stipulated by the Japanese government. We advise contacting the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare or other official institution listed below for the latest information.

Over-the-Counter Medication

What otc medications are prohibited.

While numerous medications are easily available in Western countries without a prescription, Japan takes a much harder line on certain ingredients.

The following are prohibited as they contain narcotic or stimulant ingredients in excess of the Japanese standard:

• These medications include (but are not limited to) Tylenol Cold, NyQuil, Actifed, Sudafed, Advil Cold & Sinus, Dristan Sinus, Vicks Inhaler, and Lomotil

Both the limits and what is considered a permitted ingredient is subject to change, so we advise consulting the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare’s English language website before any planned travel to Japan.

What OTC medication can you bring?

Travelers are permitted to bring a two-month (60 day) supply of any permissible over-the-counter medication, and an equivalent amount of vitamins. This also applies to contact lenses.

If you need more than two months’ supply, a Yunyu Kakunin-sho (輸入確認書) would then be needed.

Prescription Medication

Can i bring any prescription medicine into japan with me.

In general, visitors to Japan are permitted to enter the country with prescription medicine without any special procedures if they adhere to the following conditions:

It is only for your personal use

It is not a prohibited or controlled drug in Japan

The quantity is up to 1 month’s supply.

Please review Japan's Controlled Substances List from the Narcotics Control Department to ensure that you follow the appropriate protocols for your medication.

Which prescription medicines are outright prohibited?

Opium, cannabis and stimulant drugs (Amphetamines, methamphetamines), including certain medicines for the treatment of ADD/ADHD (such as Adderall and Dexedrine) are strictly prohibited and illegal to bring into Japan.

Travelers face prosecution if in possession of them, even if those medications come with a foreign prescription or a customs declaration form – there are no exceptions.

On a related note, it goes without saying that hard drugs—like heroin, cocaine and MDMA—are similarly outright prohibited.

Does your prescription involve narcotics?

If your prescription medication involves the use of narcotics (e.g. morphine, codeine, oxycodone, pethidine, hydrocodone), you must seek advance permission from one of Japan’s eight Regional Bureaus of Health and Welfare.

You will need to submit an import application form as well as supporting documentation at least 14 days before traveling to Japan.

Does your prescription involve psychotropics?

The permitted dosage depends on the drug. For example, drugs such as Valium do not require a Yunyu Kakunin-sho if in quantities lower than 1.2 grams (the limit for the active ingredient, diazepam).

For an outline of which drugs fall into this category and the permitted dosages of each, please refer to this list provided by Japan’s Narcotics Control Department.

How to prepare permitted medicine to bring with you?

A copy of the prescription and a doctor’s note of explanation should accompany the medication when brought with you to Japan.

Medication should be stored in the original bottle – do not store in an unmarked container or bottle labeled for a separate medication.

Do I need to apply for a Yunyu Kakunin-sho?

Generally, you will need to apply for a Yunyu Kakunin-sho (special certificate of import), under the following circumstances:

You need greater than 1 month’s supply of prescription medicine

You need greater than 2 month’s supply of non-prescription medicine

You need syringes or a number of Medical Devices that exceed the limit.

In these cases a Yunyu Kakunin-sho must be issued in advance so that it can be presented at customs if required.

For information on how to obtain a Yunyu Kakunin-sho, visit the website for the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (which includes up-to-date information on when you do and don’t need to rely on this form). Note that this process could take up to 3 weeks to obtain, which you should have before you leave home to travel to Japan.

Be aware overseas prescriptions are not honored in Japan – if your prescription needs are greater than what you are able to bring with you (even with a Yunyu Kakunin-sho), you will need to see a local care provider. In this case, it is wise to speak to your home country health care provider in advance if this may affect an ongoing treatment.

Summary: How much medicine can I bring into Japan?

The following provides a basic framework summarising what can be brought into Japan without requiring special permission (see Yunyu Kakunin-sho above). Note that the aforementioned rules and exceptions, based on prohibited ingredients, still apply.

Locally Available Medicine

Where can i get otc medication in japan.

Japan does have well-stocked pharmacies in most major metropolitan areas, so finding relief for minor health issues (like coughs and sore throats) is often easily accomplished.

Brands and medication ingredients may differ from what travelers may be used, but pharmacists can often assist in finding an effective alternative.

Common drug stores in Japan

Where can i get prescription medication in japan.

For those in need of a specific prescription, a list of English-speaking doctors can be found through various embassy websites.

• British Embassy Tokyo: Sources of Medical Information in Japan
• US Embassy: Medical Assistance
• Australian Embassy Tokyo: Medical Information

Often, a phone call to an English-speaking doctor before a trip to Japan to discuss any medicines with questionable content will go a long way to avoiding any potential issues at customs.

Official Links & Resources

• Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
• Narcotics Control Department
• Essential Guides
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Bringing Medication into Japan

When bringing medication into Japan, it is important to first confirm whether and what restrictions are in place. Below is a list of resources from The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan (hereinafter MHLW), which oversees controlled substances in Japan. 

• MHLW - Information for those who are bringing medicines for personal use into Japan:

https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/policy/health-medical/pharmaceuticals/01.html

• MHLW, Narcotics Department - Information on carrying medicine containing controlled substances for travelers entering or leaving Japan (incl. list of controlled substances, application information, FAQ, etc.) :

https://www.ncd.mhlw.go.jp/en/application2.html

For enquiries related to bringing medication into Japan, please contact the MHLW directly. The relevant contact is determined by the port of entry into Japan, as listed below:

• Eastern Japan (ie: Tokyo Narita International Airport, Tokyo Haneda International Airport, etc):

Kanto-Shin’etsu Regional Bureau of Health and Welfare TEL: +81-48-740-0800  email: [email protected]

• Western Japan (ie: Kansai International Airport, Chubu Centrair, Naha Airport, etc.)

Kinki Regional Bureau of Health and Welfare

TEL: +81-6-6942-4096  email: [email protected] 

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• Health and Safety

Bringing Medication to Japan: What to Know Before You Travel

What to Know Before Bringing Medication to Japan

Your health is the most important resource you have. Eating well, hydrating, and exercising can do wonders for your body, but what do you do when you need medicine in Japan? Many of us have prescriptions or over-the-counter medications we’d like to bring from home, but Japanese medication import laws can be tricky, and mistakes can bring dire consequences. Outlined below is a helpful guide for buying and importing medicine from foreign countries into Japan.

Japanese laws haven’t recently changed to match the growing global trend of greater acceptance toward prescription drugs and narcotics, but fortunately not every drug is treated the same as Oxycodone. Japanese import laws divide medicines into four categories, with laws changing accordingly. Those rules are as follows.

Over-the-Counter Drugs

Many over-the-counter (OTC) medications are allowed, but there are a few ingredients prohibited in Japan. Medications that contain stimulants such as Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed, Vicks inhalers etc. - if it contains more than allowed quantity), as well as Codeine are prohibited.

Otherwise, OTC drugs intended for the duration of your stay are allowed but must be claimed at customs and can only be under a 2-month supply. If you need any more than that, check before you fly if there are Japanese equivalents to the desired medicine, or apply for a yakkan shoumei   (a medication import certificate) at least 3–5 weeks before entering Japan.

You may also find similar OCD medicines in Japan, please read here how to buy them.

Please also refer to: "Bringing Over-the-Counter Medicine and Prescriptions into Japan" from the U.S. Embassy

Prescription Medications

Non-narcotic prescription medications have changed to apply under the same rules as above (as of January 1, 2019), but only a 1-month supply, or 24 pills of a single prescription. Some prescription medicines such as stimulates like Adderall as well as any cannabis products legally obtained overseas are prohibited in Japan. All prescriptions must be claimed at customs upon entering the country. If you need more than a 1-month supply, you must fill out a yakkan shoumei at least 3–5 weeks before entering Japan.

Narcotics/Psychotropics

Narcotics are strictly prohibited in Japan. Those on medications that contain narcotics must fill out a yakkan shoumei and receive it before you leave your home country. Importing narcotics is a serious crime in Japan and can bring heavy fines or even time behind bars, so make sure all of your paperwork is filled out accordingly.

Medical Devices

Japanese law allows a single medical device per person, such as inhalers or self-injection kits, which must be claimed at customs. Those needing more than one, or those carrying syringes or CPAP machines and the like must fill out the yakkan shoumei as well. Travelers carrying more than a 2-month supply of disposable contacts are recommended to get the yakkan shoumei.

More about Yakkan Shoumei

The yakkan shoumei is the most important document when considering bringing medication into Japan. It must be received before you arrive at your destination and presented to the customs officer upon disembarkation. Failure to do so can bring serious consequences, so make sure you don’t forget in the flurry of activity upon arrival.

To receive a yakkan shoumei, you must send four documents to the health inspector designated for your place of entry. The addresses and according provinces/entry points are detailed on the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare’s website .

The documents can be photocopies, but must be clear and legible so inspectors can easily match it to the medication you’re carrying. They also have the right to ask for further documentation, so those with chronic illnesses or controlled substances should apply at least one month in advance to ensure any need for further documentation doesn’t disrupt their travel plans. The documents are as follows.

• Application form
• Details of the drug, drug manufacturer, and the contents of the drug
• Prescription (including exact quantities of medicine) signed by a licensed doctor; this paper or prescription form must include the doctor’s contact details.
• A flight plan with details of embarkation/disembarkation points, carrier, flight number, etc.

For further details, please refer to: Q＆A for those who are bringing medicines into Japan as well.

Seeking Medication in Tokyo

For those who live in or are visiting Tokyo, the question remains - how do I get the medicine I need? Many OTC Drugs are available at pharmacies around Japan, and often a little translation of the active ingredient with a translation app can find a substitute. In major metropolitan areas, there are a few 24-hour pharmacies, though some 24-hour drugstores (that also sell general health supplies) may have their pharmacy windows or shelves locked at certain hours.

Prescriptions can be a bit trickier as Japanese pharmacies do not honor foreign prescriptions. If you have a chronic illness and are moving to or staying in Japan for an extended period of time, it’s best to find a local care provider to work with.

Many metropolitan doctors can speak rudimentary English, and cities like Tokyo or Osaka have hospitals and clinics with dedicated English-speaking doctors on staff. This may not be true everywhere, however, so be sure to check your region’s availability before assuming you’ll be able to jump right in.

Those living in Tokyo can reference our list of English-speaking pharmacies in Tokyo to make the process as painless as possible.

Staying Healthy in Japan

Your health is the most important thing - that’s why we take the time to research and write articles to make your life in Japan as hassle-free as possible. We know that living in a different country has many challenges and triumphs, and we are happy to serve you as you navigate the winding world of Japanese culture. For more information about health services in Japan, please visit our collection of comprehensive guides for English speakers .

If you are allergic to certain food, please read Allergies in Japan: How to Read Japanese Food Labels .

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A Guide for Bringing Medication to Japan

Bringing medication to Japan can be dangerous, as even some common prescription and over-the-counter drugs are illegal.

Over the Counter Drugs

Over-the-counter medicines, such as some types of inhalers, allergy medicines and sinus medications are illegal in Japan.

Products containing stimulants or codeine are prohibited if they exceed the permissible amount . This includes medicines like Actifed, Sudafed, and Vicks inhalers that contain Pseudoephedrine.

By law, travelers can carry up to two months’ worth of approved over-the-counter medicines or vitamins.

Prescription Medications

As a visitor to Japan, you are allowed to enter the country with prescription medicine without any special procedures if you adhere to the following conditions:

• It is only for your personal use
• It is not a drug that is illegal in Japan
• The quantity is up to 1 month’s supply

Up to one month’s supply of prescription medicines, that are permitted by Japanese law, can be carried into Japan. We recommend bringing a copy of your prescription as well as a letter stating the purpose of the drug.

If you need to carry more than one month’s supply, you will need to obtain an import certificate called a Yakkan Shomei. This has to be done at least two weeks before you depart to guarantee that you receive your certificate. Then you must present your certificate, and your prescription medicines to Customs.

This list of allowable medicine is subject to change. We strongly recommend that you visit the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare website and contact them via email to confirm that your medications are permitted in Japan.

Drugs Prohibited in Japan May Surprise You! | U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Japan

Which Prescription Medicines are Banned?

Heroin, cocaine, MDMA, opium, cannabis (including CBD oils), and some prescription medications like Adderall, Vyvanse, and Dexedrine are banned in Japan. There are no exceptions for prohibited medications, even if the medication is legally obtained outside of Japan.

Travelers can be charged if they are bringing medications to Japan that are illegal, even if they come with a foreign prescription or a customs declaration form. There are no exceptions. Travelers importing prohibited items can be detained by Japanese customs officials.

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Japan Healthy Travel Packing List

Pack items for your health and safety.

• You may not be able to purchase and pack all of these items, and some may not be relevant to you and your travel plans. Talk to your doctor about which items are most important for you.
• This list is general and may not include all the items you need. Check our Traveler Information Center for more information if you are a traveler with specific health needs, such as travelers who are pregnant, immune compromised, or traveling for a specific purpose like humanitarian aid work.
• Remember to pack extras of important health supplies in case of travel delays.

Prescription medicines

• Your prescriptions
• Travelers' diarrhea antibiotic
• Suture/syringe kit Kit is for use by local health care provider & requires a letter from your doctor on letterhead stationery
• Altitude sickness medicine

Medical supplies

• Glasses Consider packing spare glasses in case yours are damaged
• Contact lenses Consider packing spare contacts in case yours are damaged
• Needles or syringes (for diabetes, for example) Requires a letter from your doctor on letterhead stationery
• Suture kit Kit is for use by local health care provider & requires a letter from your doctor on letterhead stationery
• Diabetes testing supplies
• Epinephrine auto-injectors (EpiPens)
• Medical alert bracelet or necklace

Over-the-counter medicines

• Antihistamine
• Motion sickness medicine
• Cough drops
• Cough suppression/expectorant
• Decongestant
• Medicine for pain and fever Examples: acetaminophen, aspirin, or ibuprofen
• Mild laxative
• Mild sedative or other sleep aid
• Saline nose spray

Supplies to prevent illness or injury

• Hand sanitizer or wipes Alcohol-based hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol or antibacterial hand wipes
• Water purification tablets May be needed if camping or visiting remote areas
• Insect repellent Select an insect repellent based on CDC recommendations: Avoid Bug Bites
• Permethrin Permethrin is insect repellent for clothing. It may be needed if you spend a lot of time outdoors. Clothing can also be treated at home in advance.
• Sunscreen (SPF 15 or greater) with UVA and UVB protection. See Sun Exposure .
• Sunglasses and hat Wear for additional sun protection. A wide brim hat is preferred.
• Personal safety equipment Examples: child safety seats, bicycle helmets
• Latex condoms

First-aid kit

• 1% hydrocortisone cream
• Antifungal ointments
• Antibacterial ointments
• Antiseptic wound cleanser
• Aloe gel For sunburns
• Insect bite treatment Anti-itch gel or cream
• Bandages Multiple sizes, gauze, and adhesive tape
• Moleskin or molefoam for blisters
• Elastic/compression bandage wrap For sprains and strains
• Disposable gloves
• Digital thermometer
• Scissors and safety pins
• Cotton swabs (Q-Tips)
• Health insurance documents Health insurance card (your regular plan and/or supplemental travel health insurance plan) and copies of claim forms
• Copies of all prescriptions Make sure prescriptions include generic names. Bring prescriptions for medicines, eye glasses/contacts, and other medical supplies.
• Family member or close contact remaining in the United States
• Health care provider(s) at home
• Lodging at your destination
• Hospitals or clinics (including emergency services) in your destination
• US embassy or consulate in the destination country or countries

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• Safe Travel
• Are there restrictions on bringing my medications to Japan?

For information on bringing medicines into Japan, please refer to this page: The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan If you need further assistance, please contact the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare of Japan. (Contact information is available on the URL page above.)

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Medicine in Japan

NAVITIME TRAVEL EDITOR

There are laws regarding medication in Japan, and it will apply to visitors as well. If you need to bring your medication on your trip, please research beforehand what precautions you need to take. We hope you do stay healthy during your trip, but below are some information and tips just in case.

Bringing your own medicine to Japan

We cannot give any legal advice, but as a general rule, if your medication includes stimulants (such as pseudo-ephedrine or Adderrall) or opiates (like codeine), they are illegal in Japan. If you are unsure, please check ahead of time, as many over-the-counter (OTC) cold or allergy medications fall into the banned categories. Up to a two-month supply of OTC and a one-month of prescription medication can be brought to Japan. If you require more, you will need to get special permission in advance (please see link below).

Over-the-counter medicines

Even the most basic medication - such as pain killers and cold remedies - must be be purchased from a store that has a pharmacist on duty. Look for a shop that has the word 薬 (kusuri/medicine), and be sure to go during daytime hours so that they are more likely to have a pharmacist on site. If you are looking for a specific medication, it will be helpful to have the name of the medication written out, or have a picture ready. Be sure to ask the staff about dosage, since the package and directions are in Japanese.

Finding a doctor for prescribed medication

In Japan, pharmacists cannot issue a prescription. If you need prescribed medication, you will need to go and see a doctor. Patients are able to see a doctor at a local clinic without a reference from a General Physician (GP) like in some countries, but it's best to ask your hotel staff to find a doctor that can communicate with you. Hospitals require referral from local clinics, otherwise they will charge you a special fee for first-time patients. If you are in a large city, your best choice may be to find a hospital that specializes in foreign patients, though it will cost a bit more. Once you have your prescription, go to a nearby pharmacy, or "chozai yakkyoku" (調剤薬局). A store labeled "drug store” sells OTC medications, but may not have the ability to provide you with prescribed medicine. The clinic can refer you to the nearest pharmacy.

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How to Bring Medicine into Japan

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Preparing to go on holiday can be a daunting task in and of itself, without taking into account something that many people overlook—how to properly notify customs while bringing in medicine from your home country. In a country as strict as Japan, you can never be too careful. Fortunately our friends at StudyTrip are here to help.

Rules & Regulations

http://www.ncd.mhlw.go.jp/en/application.html

There are two important documents involved in the process of bringing medicine to Japan. The first is “The Import Report," which—as the name implies—requires a detailed description and declaration of quantity of the medicine you would like to bring into the country. This does not only apply to prescription drugs, also includes cosmetics over a certain quantity, and over the counter medication you might get back home. Prescription medication also requires a copy of the prescription itself, complete with a doctor's signature. Once you have completed the import report and gathered the supporting documents, you have to send it by mail to the regional Bureau of Health and Welfare that corresponds to the airport you're arriving in (for example, Kanto if you're traveling to Narita). Once the document is verified and approvedif, you will receive the Medicine Import Certificate (薬監証明, yakkan shoumei ) in English by e-mail or fax. You will need to print a copy of this certificate and hand it in to the customs official when you arrive at the airport. Getting the certificate can take as little as a week depending on where you are sending your documents from. The process is not difficult as long as you have taken the necessary steps to legally bring medication into Japan. Be mindful that it is illegal to import prohibited or controlled narcotics and psychotropics, so if you're confused, contact the Pharmaceutical Inspector office nearest to your arrival airport or contact the Narcotics Control Department . Visit the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare or Japan Customs websites for further information.

Under the Weather - Where to Go & What to Say

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For those of you wondering what to do when you get sick in the land of the rising sun, it can be a bit more difficult than usual due to the language barrier and lack of familiarity with brands and products. If you want to be able to describe your symptoms to a pharmacist, here are some handy phrases to know. Keep in mind that these phrases aren't in their polite forms, for the sake of ease of communication (which can be especially difficult when you're under the weather). ・"My throat hurts." ( nodo ga itai ) ・"I have a headache." ( zutsu ga aru/atama ga itai ) ・"I have a stomach ache." ( onaka ga itai ) ・"I'm allergic to X." ( X no arerugi ga aru ) ・"I have diarrhea." ( geri wo shite-iru ) ・"I have a fever." ( netsu ga aru ) ・"I have a cough." ( seki ga deru ) ・"I have chills." ( samuke ga suru ) ・"I have a runny nose." ( hanamizu ga deru ) ・"My eyes are itchy." ( me ga kayui ) This is a fairly small list, but it should get you started. If you want to describe your symptoms to a greater degree, you can find a comprehensive list of different conditions here . Local drug stores like Matsumoto Kiyoshi can be found quite easily and offer lots of basic over the counter medication. If you find yourself needing to visit a doctor, clinic or hospital, the U.S. Embassy website contains useful information about where to find them, and whether or not you can expect any English-speaking ability.

Being Healthy is Fashionable

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Recently the interesting phenomenon of "face mask fashion" has taken root. Although relatively unpopular outside of Asia, face masks in Japan can also be used as an accessory, not only as a means to avoid spreading. While convenience stores and supermarkets sport simple, single-color paper masks, it is not uncommon to find more fashion-forward face masks in other stores. For example the brand gonoturn , who have created the empowering (and somewhat baffling) "Cute is Justice!" concept.

Stay Healthy!

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If you have prescription medication, be sure to follow the necessary step to bring them into the country safely and legally. As long as you act ahead of time, it's a fairly hassle-free experience. For those who get the occasional headache or runny nose, don't be afraid to visit a pharmacy or drugstore, since their large selection of medicine and knowledgeable pharmacists will likely have you covered. If you feel unwell and want to avoid spreading germs to others (and look kawaii in the process), be sure to sport a mask!

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Careful packing: Where your prescription could get you in trouble

When traveling, especially internationally, sometimes the pre-travel checklist feels like it's a mile long.

Not only do you need to do the obvious things like making sure your passport is still valid and verifying whether you need a visa , but you may also need to seek written approval from a country's government to bring certain medications abroad.

I must admit I didn't realize this was a thing until one of my TPG colleagues flagged this requirement she discovered when packing for her family's trip to Japan . Japan is just one country that strongly regulates travel with medicine.

Here's what you need to know about taking your medications to a variety of popular destinations that regulate travel with medicine.

Japan requires advance permission to enter with a variety of medications, including many common over-the-counter medicines openly sold in U.S. drugstores.

The Japanese government labels such drugs as "controlled substances," divided into six categories, including stimulants. Travelers who need these medications must apply for a "Yunyu Kakunin-sho" (or an import certificate), which should be declared and submitted to customs when entering.

Up to two months of approved over-the-counter medicines and four months of vitamins are permitted. Note that disposable contact lenses are also monitored, and those with a two-month supply or greater require an import certificate.

Travelers should also bring a copy of their prescription, along with a note stating the purpose of the medicine, if applicable.

Type of medicine : All medications containing stimulants, including over-the-counter allergy and sinus medications, plus Adderall listed here How to apply : Apply online for an import certificate through the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Amount of medicine : Up to one month of allowable over-the-counter medication and up to a two-month supply of allowable vitamins Cost : N/A Processing time : N/A More information : Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare ; Japan's Application for Import Confirmation ; Consulate-General of Japan in Seattle ; Japan Narcotics Control Department

Other Asian countries

• Thailand : Certain medications, including those containing codeine and drugs to treat ADHD, require a permit issued by the Ministry of Public Health .
• Hong Kong : Certain medications — including those with stimulants, such as sleeping pills and anxiety medication — require an import license and import certificate issued by the Department of Health .
• Singapore : Certain medications, including anxiety medication, sleeping pills and painkillers, require advance approval, per the Singapore Health Sciences Authority .
• China : Per various tourist organizations, including China Highlights , visitors must "provide written documentation from a medical institution to prove the necessity of the medicine," including sleeping aids, ADHD medication and painkillers.
• South Korea : Medicines classified as "narcotics" require advance approval via the Korean Food and Drug Administration .

Australia has a traveler's exemption for persons traveling to Australia to enter with certain prescribed medications, including Adderall. The Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care directs travelers to either secure a prescription for the medicines they're carrying or seek a letter from their doctor specifying that the medicines they've been prescribed are for their personal use.

"Your doctor's letter must specify the name of the medicine and dosage. Ensure the medication remains in its original packaging with the dispensing label intact," per the Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care. "This will assist with identifying each substance at the border. Be ready to declare all medication to the Australian Border Force upon arrival."

Type of medicine : Certain prescription medicines, including Adderall How to apply : N/A Amount of medicine : Up to three months' worth of medicine and medical devices Cost : N/A Processing time : N/A More information : Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care

United Arab Emirates

Travelers to the UAE must apply for approval to carry controlled medication into the country. All other medication, including prescriptions for uncontrolled medication and over-the-counter medication, does not need prior approval. However, the government urges travelers to carry documentation for all medicine, including documentation explaining medical reasons for taking the medication and any other supporting documents.

To determine if your prescription is considered controlled, check with your doctor.

Type of medicine : Controlled medicine, including narcotics and psychotropics How to apply : Online through the United Arab Emirates Ministry of Health & Prevention Length of time : Maximum three-month supply for narcotics and controlled medicines; six-month supply for prescriptions Cost : Free Processing time : One business day More information : United Arab Emirates Ministry of Health & Prevention

Europe and Schengen countries

The Schengen Area includes most European Union countries. If you are traveling to this area, a Schengen certification for medicines that fall under the Opium Act, including narcotics, is required. Specific medicines bound by the act include strong painkillers, sleeping pills, anxiety drugs, ADHD medication and medical cannabis.

Since specific requirements vary by each country within the Schengen Area, you should contact the appropriate health agency of the country in question. For example, the Netherlands Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport provides instructions for travelers to the Netherlands to help obtain this certificate, including a link to the application and a list of prohibited medications that fall under the aforementioned Opium Act. Information can also be found via the relevant U.S. Embassy and or Consulate .

Also note that some countries, including Greece , require further authorization for specific medicines, such as codeine without a prescription, via Greece's National Organization for Medicines.

Bottom line

Regardless of where you are traveling, it's a good idea to keep medicines in their original prescription packaging; this shows the purpose of the medicine and that it's for you and only you. As noted, it's also helpful to pack any accompanying doctor's note.

Related reading:

• Everything you need to know about State Department travel advisories
• When and how to renew your passport, according to the State Department
• I stayed at an IHG voco hotel for the first time — here are 7 reasons I'd stay again
• Everything you need to know about traveling with medication
• The best travel insurance policies and providers

How to bring medication to Japan

Japan has strict rules in place for many immigration and import-related matters, and medication is no different. Bringing medication to Japan comes with its own set of rules, and failure to observe them can lead to serious consequences such as confiscation or even being arrested at the airport.

Medicines are classified into five categories in Japan: general (which includes prescription and over-the-counter), narcotic, psychotropic, stimulant medicine or medical device. Depending on the classification, name and quantity of the medicine, you may be required to apply for certification to show when entering the country. This article will walk you through the process of understanding what documentation may be necessary for your specific needs.

If you are planning on studying in Japan, make sure to also check out  how to apply for a student visa.

Bringing medication to Japan: different classifications

Depending on the type and quantity of medicine you want to bring to Japan, the rules and documentation differ. Here we will focus on prescription and over the counter drugs, psychotropics and medical devices, which all may require a document called Yunyu Kakuninsho  (輸入確認書), or a Medicine Import Certificate.

Heroin, cocaine, MDMA, opium, cannabis and stimulant drugs including some over-the-counter and prescription medicines commonly used in the United States are strictly prohibited and illegal to bring into Japan. Be careful as commonly used inhalers and some allergy and sinus medications such as Actifed, Sudafed and Vicks inhalers contain stimulants. There are no exceptions in bringing these prohibited medications to Japan, even if the medication is legally obtained outside of Japan, and even when accompanied by customs declaration forms and copies of prescriptions.

Over-the-counter drugs (for example: ibuprofen, acetaminophen, vitamins)

• For quantities of or less than a two-month supply, a Yunyu Kakuninsho is not necessary
• For quantities more than a two-month supply or more, a Yunyu Kakuninsho is necessary

Note: disposable contact lenses fall under this category.

Prescription drugs (for example: tramadol, contraceptive pills)

• For quantities of or less than one-month supply, a Yunyu Kakuninsho is not necessary
• For quantities more than a one-month supply or more, a Yunyu Kakuninsho is necessary

Note: This category also includes pre-loaded syringes and inhalers.

Narcotic medicines

A Narcotic Certificate is required to bring narcotics to Japan, such as codeine, morphine, oxycodone or sufentanil. These are different from Yunyu Kakuninsho and include an import and export form. Applications including the form, doctor’s letter and flight details should be sent to the Narcotic Control Department of the area you will be arriving in.

Psychotropic medicine

The allowed dosage of bringing psychotropics depends on the drug. For example, drugs such as Valium do not require Yunyu Kakuninsho if they are in quantities lower than 1.2 grams.

To check which drugs fall into this category and their allowed dosages, check  this guide .

Medical devices

You may bring one home medical device set without needing to apply for a Yunyu Kakuninsho. If you are bringing more than one home medical device per person, for example more than one or two epi-pens/insulin pens, you will need to apply for a Yunyu Kakuninsho. For medical devices used under doctor’s orders, you must apply for a Yunyu Kakuninsho.

Posting medication to Japan

The same classifications and restrictions that apply to bringing medications into Japan also apply to posting medication to Japan. It is illegal to post banned medication to Japan and if you do so, the items will be seized and not sent to you. Depending on the type of medicine, you may face more serious consequences including deportation.

How to apply for a certificate

If you are bringing medicine to Japan in quantities larger than those described above, you will need to apply for a Yunyu Kakuninsho.

You can now apply for it online here .

The process for obtaining the certificate is not complicated, but it is important to understand the requirements thoroughly and apply in a timely manner to bring medicine smoothly to Japan when you arrive.

Ready to go

Generally, it takes a few business days to receive the Yunyu Kakuninsho certificate to bring medication to Japan after submitting the documentation.

For more information on how to obtain the certificate, read this Q&A here .

Make sure you complete the necessary documents thoroughly and apply in advance to your travels if you will need to obtain a Yunyu Kakuninsho. For more information, visit the websites of  Ministry of Health  and Customs .

If you are residing in Japan for more than three months, you are required to enroll in Japanese National Health Insurance . You may be able to get the same or similar medication in Japan as back home. Japanese health insurance cover 70% of prescription drugs. If you know you’ll be needing certain medication long-term, check availability, Japanese names and costs prior to your travel.

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Bringing Medication into Japan

Updated: Jul 24, 2023

Bringing medicine into Japan can be a confusing process, especially when you're dealing with prescription and non-prescription drugs that may not be available in Japan. There are strict rules when it comes to medication. As a traveller, it's essential to know what you can and cannot bring with you to ensure a smooth and safe trip. In this blog post, we'll go over the most important things to keep in mind when it comes to medication while travelling to Japan.

Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medication

Japan has a hardline approach to certain ingredients commonly found in OTC medication in other countries.

Medicine containing over 10% Pseudoephedrine and more than one percent of Codeine are prohibited. This includes popular drugs such as Advil Cold & Sinus, Sudafed, and Vicks Inhalers.

You can bring up to two-months (60 days) supply of legally allowed over-the-counter medication into Japan. This also applies to an equivalent amount of vitamins and contact lenses.

If you need more than two months' supply, a Yunyu Kakunin-sho or "Medical Import Certificate" is required.

Prescription Medication

You are generally able to bring prescription medicine with you to Japan without any special procedures as long as they meet the following conditions:

For your personal use only

An oral or an external medicine, not an injection

Not a prohibited or controlled substance in Japan

Up to 1 month’s supply only.

Some prescription medicines are outright prohibited like cannabis, opium and other stimulant drugs.This includes drugs such as Adderall, Dexedrine, and Vyvanse.

If your prescription includes narcotics such as codeine, hydrocodone, fentanyl, morphine, oxycodone, and pethidine, you must request permission from one of Japan's eight Regional Bureaus of Health and Welfare.

For psychotropics drugs, the allowable dosage depends on the drug. For example, Valium does not require a Yunyu Kakunin-sho if the active ingredient, diazepam, is in quantities lower than 1.2 grams.

Preparing Your Medication

When bringing medication with you to Japan, it should be in the original bottle or container.

Do not store in unmarked or differently labelled containers or bottles.

You should have a copy of the prescription and a doctor’s note explaining the purpose and instructions on use.

Injections are not allowed to be brought into Japan without prior permission from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.

How to download and fill out the Yunyu Kakunin-sho click here .

Where can I buy OTC medication in Japan?

Japan has a wide range of pharmacies and drugstores, and Japanese OTC medicine is easily accessible. For a list of common large drug stores in Japan, you can check here .

Refilling Foreign Prescriptions in Japan

If you need to refill a foreign prescription in Japan, you'll need to consult with a Japanese doctor. Japanese pharmacies do not accept foreign prescriptions, and many foreign brands of medicine are not available. To find a list of English-speaking doctors, hospitals, and clinics in Japan, you can check here.

It is important to note that government laws and regulations change often in Japan. Therefore, it's essential to contact the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare to ensure you have the most up-to-date information before your trip. It's always better to be safe than sorry, so make sure to double-check everything before leaving for your trip to Japan. With the right preparation, you can have a great time while staying healthy and safe.

Personnel Medical Equipment & Devices

The procedures for bringing personal medical devices into Japan are similar to those for drugs and quasi drugs. When bringing your medical devices, you don't need to apply for a "Yunyu Kakunin-sho" if the quantity meets the specified limits. Customs officers will verify the amount of medical devices you're carrying at the customs checkpoint.

You can bring one set of medical devices for household use, like electric massaging tools, without requiring a "Yunyu Kakunin-sho."

For disposable contact lenses, you are allowed to bring a supply that would last up to two months without the need for a "Yunyu Kakunin-sho" application.

For syringe for medicine, you are allowed to bring a supply that would last one month without the need for a "Yunyu Kakunin-sho" application.

Reference Links:

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Narcotics Control Department

For more information on bringing and sending medication to Japan please check the MHWL FAQ s

Contact for Drugs, Quasi drugs, Cosmetics and Medical devices:

Kanto-Shin’etsu Regional Bureau of Health and Welfare

ph: +81-48-740-0800 　　　　　 　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

e-mail: [email protected] (Arrival at: Narita international Airport, (Haneda) Tokyo International Airport)

Kinki Regional Bureau of Health and Welfare 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

ph: +81-6-6942-4096 e-mail: [email protected] (Arrival at: Kansai International Airport, Chubu Centrair, Naha Airport,...)

Contact for Narcotics and Psychotropics

Compliance and Narcotics Division, Pharmaceutical Safety and Environmental Health Bureau, Ministry of Health,

Labour and Welfare　FAX　+81-3-3501-0034 (Yes a fax number).

Other useful posts:

English Speaking Doctors in Japan

English Speaking Dentists in Japan

English speaking Physiotherapists in Japan

Popular Pharmacies and Drugstores in Japan

English Counselling Services in Japan

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Navigating Childcare in Tokyo: Top English-Speaking Babysitting and Nanny Services for Busy Moms

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Packing For Your Trip: 10 Over-The-Counter Medicines To Bring To Japan

Whenever we are preparing for a long trip, even if it’s just a vacation in a beautiful country, it always serves to be prepared. Many travelers who come to Japan have the packing and preparation down to a science when it comes to clothing, space saving tricks, and extra room for the ever-present souvenirs. There is something, though, that often slips through the cracks, even for the most experienced tourists: medicines. Here we’ll introduce a selection of the kinds of over-the-counter medicines you’ll want to bring to Japan, plus tips on what else to pack in your kit – “just-in-case”!

Quick word on bringing prescription drugs to Japan

Japan can be very strict when it comes to taking into the country restricted or prohibited substances of any kind. This is true not only for obvious items like recreational drugs which might be legal abroad, but also for food, and, obviously, medicines. Many drugs that are commonplace elsewhere may not be allowed within Japan (some notable examples are Viagra, Adderall, Dexedrine, Prozac). If you do need to take with you any kind of prescription medication (such as an Epi-Pen or insulin), you’ll need to also have with you a doctor’s note, you’ll need to fill out paperwork to obtain permission to take the medicines into Japan, and you will have to have with you at all times the permits that you will obtain. The process can be indeed quite difficult depending on circumstances, but we have a comprehensive guide on how to and what to pay attention to in this article:

What about over the counter drugs? As you would expect, when it comes to over the counter medication, things are not quite as complex. Still, being Japan a country with rules unique to the country itself, it will serve you to skim through the article we linked above, just to make sure and learn more details about quantity you can carry, permits (if needed), and other not-so-well known regulations. Now, on to the recommendations!

10 must-pack medicines for your trip

Anti-diarrhea meds & antacids: Keep your tummy happy

For those travelers with digestive issues, food allergies, or simply very picky stomachs, it always helps to have some precautions with you. Unexpected bowel irritation and stomach pain can be a real trip-killer. Especially if you’re not used to the food in Japan, pack some anti-diarrhea and antacid medications. This is not to say that you should be weary of Japanese food , or its quality. In fact Japan ranks as one of the highest countries in the world, when it comes to food control and quality. What could catch you off guard may be some ingredients, or spices that your stomach doesn’t particularly agree with, and that you may not be aware of, not knowing the dish. Antihistamine and decongestants

Who doesn’t suffer from allergies to a degree or another? Many people planning their trip to Japan, decide to come when trees are in bloom (especially the famous sakura). This is certainly a good choice (the weather in spring , in Japan, is warm and welcoming and the sights are stunningly beautiful). The downside for those with allergies is that you may end up spending your vacation sneezing from pollen, and having to see some of the most beautiful landscapes in the world through a layer of tears. Pack your anti-allergen medicines! Even if your allergic reaction is usually very mild, things can change when your immune system is exposed to plants and pollen that may not exist in the same quantity in your county. Just to be sure, have with you also a little stock of decongestants and keep those allergy symptoms at bay. Anti-motion sickness medication

Don’t underestimate how long you will be spending on some form of transportation. To start, depending on your country of origin, you may have to spend upwards of 15 hours on a plane, just to get to Japan. You may be someone who loves to visit many cities when you’re in a new country. Well, that’s a lot of trains, cars, busses (and even boats) to ride. Even if you decided to stay in one city, chances are that you will be using its transportation system a lot. Good anti-motion pills or chewing gums will help you enjoy the traveling, as opposed to dreading it. Pain and fever relievers

Sometimes, no matter how well you plan, bad luck strikes with painstakingly precise timing. While in Japan you may need a painkiller, or cold/fever medicines. Of course they do exist in Japan as well, but why wonder (especially while sick) among the isles of a pharmacy trying to pick the best option among medicines you don’t know? Furthermore, some of your country’s over the counter medicines might be prescription-only in Japan. Carry some of your own just a precaution. Chances are you won’t need them, but always better safe than sorry! Cough drops and throat lozenges

You know that annoying sore throat and debilitating cough that sometimes keeps you up at night? Easy to keep in check with the proper cough drops. Japan has a lot of options, but, again, you probably already have your favorite brand of choice. We tend to forget this kind of stuff because it’s so common place that, should a problem arise, we think, we’ll find a solution. That may be true, but bringing the solution with you, instead of having to look for the proper one while abroad can save you a lot of time. Antifungal creams: Remember that you’ll be walking a lot while in Japan While Japan’s public transportation is positively outstanding, you’ll find yourself walking around. A lot. As the humidity can be somewhat higher than what you might be used to – especially in summer – all this activity can take a toll on your feet. So, make sure to pack some antifungal and antibacterial creams or ointments to prevent or fix any kind of annoying issue you may encounter.

Not only medicines

When in Japan you will visit beautiful cities, amazing temples in metropolitan areas and outside, and eat some of the most amazing food you’ve ever had. You will also be walking a lot, hiking, explore rural areas, mountains , beaches , and you may not always have a nice hotel to go regroup. You may be the adventurous type who loves outdoorsy vacations and activities. You may just be someone who loves to walk a lot from one location to another, instead of riding the train. Bug repellent: Mind those Japanese bugs It’s not uncommon to feel safe when it comes to bug bites (except for that annoying occasional itch). One thing to remember though is that while travelling we may be exposed to bugs that don’t exist where we are from, and the bite of which our immune system may not be prepared to combat. Especially in spring and summer you may get bit by something and experience extreme itch, swelling, and even pain. Should that happen, don’t worry. Chances are that it’s nothing serious, but it may be very annoying, and certainly a mood killer. Anti-itch creams, or ointments with antibiotics will help you shrug any annoying itch off. Padded bandages A small blister can make walking very hard. Having with you the right product to protect your feet and fix a small blister that would otherwise become debilitating, is the best course of action. Regular Bandages Similarly, you never know when you could get scratched while hiking. Maybe you didn’t mind your footing as much as you should have. Maybe you walked so much that back and feet pain are killing you. A couple of rolls of bandages and a small pack of sterilized gauze will be all you need to continue your exploration. Hand sanitizer Some of the most rural areas of Japan, like in many other countries, may not have some readily available bathrooms, or facilities to wash oneself up. It’s always best to have some hand sanitizer handy (pun intended) just to have some peace of mind. Wet tissues These won’t be useful only to clean yourself, should you not have other options, but also in the brutal Japanese summer months. Summer in Japan is beautiful, but also extremely hot. Wet tissues will help you stay fresh and feel clean. It’s hard to enjoy your sightseeing if you’re constantly bothered by sweat, or simply uneasy because you don’t feel exactly spotless. Pads/tampons Now this is certainly something that wouldn’t slip most women’s minds. While pads are also easy to find in any pharmacy and convenience store , tampons may not be as easy to find. What also may not be available is that brand you’ve been using for the largest part of your adult life and that you feel uncomfortable replacing with another. Don’t assume stores in Japan will carry the same brands and variety that you like. Come prepared!

A lot of stuff to pack! Or is it?

Trying to be prepared for any eventuality might lead to overpacking. Despite having the need to take with you a lot of stuff, though, there are some things that you can do to make sure that you’re not filling your bag. Pills over liquids Whenever possible, if you have to choose between packing medicines in liquid form or pills, opt for pills. You’ll save space and they are also easier to take through airport customs and security checks. Less is more There’s no need to bring your whole medicine cabinet on your trip. After all you’ll be in Japan only for a limited time. For most of your medicines you’ll need only one or two pills per day. On top of that, the majority of the drugs or first-aid items you may want to take with you, will require you to only have a small amount, in case of emergency or unexpected situations. Use empty vitamin bottles to store individually wrapped items. Not only will you save space, but you’ll also avoid them getting crushed during your trip. Even if you choose to bring all the medicines that you may need during your trip, if you follow these suggestions, they won’t take more than a handbag worth of space in your baggage. You’ll soon forget you have them (unless you need them, and then you’ll be happy you were prepared). Enjoy your trip to Japan and rest safely knowing that there’s nothing this trip can throw at you that you haven’t anticipated!

Written by:

Lucio Maurizi

Lucio Maurizi is an automotive expert specializing in Japan's car scene and auto-tourism. With an MA in East Asian History from La Sapienza Università di Roma, he's a multi-talented contributor to travel platforms like LIVE JAPAN, Japan Travel, and GPlus Media. His Instagram account (50k+ followers) offers insider views on Japan's automotive culture. Lucio also actively collaborates with professional drivers and influencers and organizes can't-miss car events in Tokyo. Instagram: @italian_in_japan Other links: https://linktr.ee/italianinjapan

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A Guide to Japanese OTC Medicine for Travelers

• sakowako.yum

Got sick on your trip to Japan? Here is a guide for those who aren’t fluent in Japanese but need medicine to feel better. Whether you’re suffering from nausea, muscle pain, stomachaches, heartburn, gas, toothaches, or even just a fever or flu, there are OTC medicines in Japan to help you. If you’re not feeling better or getting worse after taking these OTC drugs, however, please consult with a medical professional.

This post may contain affiliate links. If you buy through them, we may earn a commission at no additional cost to you.

Ever been scared that you'll get sick while on vacation? Think about it - you traveled all the way to Japan from wherever you live, and you're snapping photos at Tokyo Tower or Kinkaku-ji or on a beach in Okinawa , but that itch in your throat from when you woke up this morning isn't going anywhere. You can't seem to enjoy your tempura. Oh dang, are you getting sick?

Fear not! Here is a simple guide for Japanese medicine you can buy from any pharmacy store, no matter where you are in Japan! The medicines are grouped by their respective symptoms. If you're not feeling any better taking these, or if your symptoms are getting worse, please go to a hospital.

Also, note that you can't buy OTC (over-the-counter) medicines at  conbini , or convenience stores. You'll have to buy most of the medicines listed below at drugstores. Don't worry - they're everywhere, just like convenience stores! Just look for the sign that has the character 薬 on it ( kusuri ). Drugstores usually have this character written on a GIANT sign, so you won't miss it. There are, however, some items you can buy from regular convenience stores. Those will be indicated below. For everything else, you'll have to go to a drugstore. 

Let's start with painkillers.

1. Bufferin (バファリン)

Bufferin can be used for head aches, cramps, hip or shoulder pains, sudden fevers, and colds. As it says in its advertisements, Bufferin won't mess up your stomach. There are 4 types of Bufferin: Bufferin A, the standard type, Buffering Premium, for extreme pain, Bufferin Luna, for cramps and other pains and Bufferin Kaze EX, for pain related to colds. 

2. Eve (イブ)

Eve can be used for headaches and cramps. The size of the pill is relatively small, and won't leave a nasty aftertaste. There are 3 types of Eve: Eve A, the standard type, Eve A EX, for more intense pain, and EVE Quick, especially designed for headaches. 

3. Loxonin S (ロキソニンS)

Loxonin S can be used for headaches, cramps, toothache, throat pain, hip pain, joint pain, neuralgia, muscle pain, shoulder pain, ear pain, bruises, pain from broken bones, and sprains. This medicine is stronger than the two painkillers mentioned above. It can affect your stomach though, so if you have a weak stomach, it's better that you look for other options. Also, it's relatively expensive compared to other painkillers.

Next is medicine for stomach related troubles.

4. Ohta Isan (太田胃散)

Oota Isan can be used for hangovers, nausea, vomiting, stomach acid, and stomach related discomfort. It's an herbal medicine, and comes in powder form. It smells like herbs and may need some practice to swallow, but it works wonders. This is my go-to medicine when my stomach is acting up. It comes in a can, or separate small packages. 

5. Seirogan (正露丸)

Seirogan can be used for loose stools, diarrhea, food poisoning, water poisoning, vomiting, and toothache. The pills are small black, strong smelling balls, so please think of those around you when you take it. It has a strong after taste, so it's not for everybody.

Up next is medicine for bug bites.

6. Kinkan (キンカン)

www.kinkan.co.jp/

Kinkan can be used for insect bites, itches, shoulder pain, hip pain, bruises and sprains. It's a bottle filled with liquid which you apply it directly to the affected area. Great for mosquito bites.

7. Muhi (ムヒ)

Muhi can be used for itches, insect bites, rashes, eczema, nettle rash hives, heat rashes, frost bite, dermatitis, and inflammation. It comes in tubes, as shown in the image above, or bottles. Either way, you apply the paste or bottle directly to the affected area. Again, great for mosquito bites.

Coming up next, medicine for colds.

8. Pabulon (パブロン)

www.taisho.co.jp/

Pabulon can be used for common cold symptoms such as an itchy throat, a cough or a runny nose. It comes in a yellow pill or a small packaging containing powdered medicine. 

9. Lulu Attack EX (ルルアタックEX）

www.daiichisankyo-hc.co.jp/

Lulu Attack EX can be used for common cold symptoms such as throat pain, fevers, chills, headaches, a runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing, coughing, phlegm, joint pain and muscle pain. Comes in white, easy to swallow pills.

10. Kakkonto (葛根湯)

Kakkonto can be used for the early stages of a cold, head colds, nasal inflammation, headaches, shoulder pain, muscle pain and pain in the hand or the shoulders. Kakkonto is a herbal medicine, so it does have a distinctive smell. It comes in small packages of powdered medicine, liquid bottles, or pills. 

Our Top Tips

JR Pass for Whole Japan

Explore Japan in the most convenient and economical way with a Japan Rail Pass! It is valid for the majority of railways and local buses operated by JR. 

Hangover Treatments 

The next three items are easily bought at convenience stores and aren't really considered as  medicine,  but are drinkable treatments to help with liver function - i.e., hangovers and when you know you're going to drink a lot. 

11. Ukon No Chikara (ウコンの力)

EFFIE YANG/Flickr

Ukon No Chikara can be used for preventing hangovers. It comes in bottles, as shown in the image above, or in small packages containing powder. Take before alcohol consumption. 

Ukon no Chikara can be bought at convenience stores in the health/energy drink section. 

12. No Mikata (ノ・ミカタ)

okyakusama.ajinomoto.co.jp/

No Mikata can be used to prevent hangovers. It comes in small stick type packaging containing granules, or bottles containing liquid. Take before, during or after drinking alcohol. 

No Mikata can also be bought at convenience stores. 

13. Heparize (ヘパリーゼ)

www.hepa.jp/

Heparize can be used to treat or prevent hangovers. It comes in bottles or in pills. Take before, during or after drinking alcohol.

There are different types of Heparize, some of which are only available at drugstores, but you can also purchase a drink-type Heparize at convenience stores (though the ingredients and strength may be different from the kind you buy at a pharmacy). 

The information in this article is accurate at the time of publication.

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Before you travel check that:

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need
• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant.

Emergency medical number

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Vaccinations and health risks

At least 8 weeks before your trip check:

• the latest information on vaccination and health risks in TravelHealthPro’s Japan guide
• where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

Altitude sickness is a risk in parts of Japan. Read more about altitude sickness on TravelHealthPro .

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries.

Read best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro .

The NHS has information on whether you can take your medicine abroad .

It is illegal to use or possess some common prescription and over-the-counter medicines under Japan’s strictly enforced law on anti-stimulant drugs. This includes:

• Vick’s inhalers
• medicines for allergies and sinus problems
• cold and flu medication containing pseudoephedrine
• some over-the-counter painkillers containing codeine

Foreign nationals have been detained and deported for the offence. If you’re travelling with medication, check its status with the Japanese Embassy in the UK .

Healthcare facilities in Japan

Medical facilities in Japan are of a high quality, but treatment is expensive. You should expect to pay the whole cost of any treatment you receive. Delays may occur while medical facilities check your insurance.

Make sure you have adequate travel health insurance to cover treatment of new or existing medical conditions and accessible funds to cover the cost of treatment and repatriation.

FCDO has a list of English-speaking doctors in Japan .

There is also guidance on healthcare if you’re living in Japan .

COVID-19 healthcare in Japan

The Japan National Tourism Organisation has information on COVID-19 for travellers in Japan and a guide to  accessing medical facilities in Japan .

Travel and mental health

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15 Essential Travel Hacks When Visiting Japan

A sk anybody what's on their travel bucket list, and their response is sure to include "Japan." Thanks to a combination of rich heritage, lush landscapes, and labyrinth cities packed with skyscrapers, temples, and tourist traps alike, the country has soared in popularity, with American Express claiming that the number of bookings has increased by 1,300% since 2019 (via Bloomberg ).

Part of what makes Japan so alluring is that its culture and customs are so distinct and unique to those of other countries. That's also what makes it an overwhelming travel destination, especially for first-time visitors. If you start your journey in a major city like Tokyo, Yokohama, or Osaka, you're instantly immersed in a world of neon lights, bustling crowds, loud noises, a million different smells, and sensory overload.

With so much to see, do, and eat, a trip to Japan really isn't the kind of vacation you can make up as you go along. The last thing you need is to run into an easily avoided stumbling block like a lack of internet or 30 minutes spent figuring out the route to your next destination — which is why you'll want to arrive armed with as much knowledge as possible.

Read more: 28 Bucket List Destinations That Everyone Needs To Experience At Least Once

Get Quick Meals At 7-Eleven

It's tough to walk for longer than 20 seconds without stumbling upon a convenience store in Japan. Also known as conbini, these stores are usually open 24 hours a day and are packed full of affordable tasty treats that will keep you going without the time (and money) it takes to eat at an actual restaurant.

For as cheap as 200 yen ($1.34), you can enjoy the likes of onigiri rice balls, chicken karaage, sandos, oden, and bento boxes. We also recommend picking up taiyaki for a quick sugar boost. Shaped like fish and made of pancake or waffle batter, they're usually filled with red bean paste, custard, and chocolate and make for an endlessly addictive snack.

The most common store is 7-Eleven, which has over 20,000 locations throughout Japan and is miles above its U.S. counterpart in the culinary department. There are also over 15,000 FamilyMarts scattered across the country, but they typically don't offer as much variety.

Get Pocket Wi-Fi

Public Wi-Fi is surprisingly scarce in Japan, which can put you in some tough spots if you get lost mid-metro commute. Fortunately, pocket Wi-Fi exists -- and it is a lifesaver. For as cheap as $5 a day, you can rent a portable device that will allow you to access the internet on the go, even on the train. The majority will allow you to connect multiple devices at the same time and come in a variety of different speeds and GB, with some even offering unlimited data throughout your stay.  

If you rent in advance through a website like Ninja WiFi or Japan Wireless , you can pick up the device (also known by the much cuter name of a Wi-Fi Egg) at a designated counter once you've got through customs at airports including Haneda and Narita in Tokyo, Chubu Centrair, Kansai International, Fukuoka, and more. Once you're done, you can just pop it into the returns box at the airport on the way back. Easy.

Buy A JR Pass

Sadly, the JR (Japan Rail) Pass isn't as cheap as it once was. It surged in price by 70% in July 2023 as the yen continued to decline in value against other currencies around the world. However, if your itinerary includes extensive train travel, it's still worth the purchase.

The Japan Rail Pass will allow you to ride the rail to your heart's desire -- including the country's infamous, lightning-speed Shinkansen bullet trains (for a supplementary fee) and the Narita Express. It's more expensive to purchase once in Japan, so we recommend buying yours in advance on the JRailPass website where it costs $340.65 for seven days, $544.45 for 14 days, and $680.35 for 21 days.

If your visit is limited to just one or two cities, such as Tokyo and Osaka or Tokyo and Kyoto, then it probably isn't necessary. For example, a trip between Tokyo and Osaka typically costs $120 each way, which is considerably cheaper than forking out a few hundred dollars for a JR Pass.

Download Train Schedules And Maps

Japan has incredible public transportation. It also happens to be extremely overwhelming if it's your first (or second, or third) time in the country. Tokyo's metro can be especially confusing, with nine different train lines and 180 different stations to navigate. Its roads are even more complex with the majority not even having names, baffling even the city's own taxi drivers.

With that in mind, future-proofing for any situation where you may end up lost in an unknown place is always a good idea. Download or screenshot train schedules ahead of time through the JRailPass website, which offers both interactive and PDF versions of Tokyo, Osaka, and Kyoto's transportation systems. You can also download an offline version of the local area on Google Maps. This will also help if you face the aforementioned pesky issue of scarce public Wi-Fi, or if your portable Wi-Fi runs out of juice midday.

Use Citymapper

If you're visiting Tokyo, Citymapper is a must. Just like it does for multiple other cities across the globe, the award-winning app analyzes public transportation, congestion, and distance to figure out all the different ways you can reach your destination, and precisely how many minutes each option will take.

Whether it's walking, cycling, taxis, metro, or a combination of everything, all you need to do is select your chosen route and follow Citymapper's step-by-step instructions. When we say step-by-step, we mean it. The app's so smart that it will even tell you which exits and entrances to use at each station to make your journey as stress-free as possible. If you miss your stop or don't quite make your train, the app will also take that into account to restrategize your trip ASAP. You'll need to be online to request a new route, but if you check your journey ahead of time, you can save it to your homepage for offline use.

Visit Between January And March

There is no one "best" time to visit Japan, but there is a most convenient time. January to March tends to attract less crowds and will also usually bring the cheapest flights of the year. While it'll almost certainly be cold, you'll skip typhoon season and be in with a chance of seeing Japan in the snow.

If you do choose to visit at this time, just be sure to check the dates of the Lunar New Year (AKA Chinese New Year). This tends to be a public holiday across the region and will see cities across Japan packed with tourists. As it's such a popular time to travel, this will also be the exception to the "January to March is cheaper" rule with hotels and airlines driving up their prices over the holiday. The same is true of the end of March, which marks the beginning of cherry blossom season.

Make Advanced Reservations

There's a lot to enjoy in Japan. The problem is that everybody else wants to enjoy these things, too. Tourist attractions often book up months in advance, and a lot of them don't sell tickets at the gate, which doesn't leave much space for spontaneity for the average tourist visiting Japan .

If you plan on visiting the likes of the Warner Bros. Studio Tour Tokyo - The Making of Harry Potter, Tokyo Disney Resort, Ghibli Park, Shibuya Sky observation deck, Teamlab Planets, or the Studio Ghibli Museum, it's best to sort your tickets sooner rather than later. The Ghibli Museum is especially challenging, with tickets for the next month going on sale at 10 a.m. on the 10th of the month prior.

The same is true of the hotels at Tokyo Disney Resort . With one of the most impressive Disney hotel lineups in the world (including the MiraCosta, a hotel that is actually inside Tokyo DisneySea), rooms are in extremely high demand. These go on sale from 11 a.m. four months before the dates you hope to stay and are bookable through the Tokyo Disney Resort Online Reservations & Tickets website.

Download The Japan Connected-Free Wi-Fi App

If you don't want the responsibility of carrying around and charging pocket Wi-Fi, download the Japan Connected -free Wi-Fi app. Whether you need to double-check directions or just have a quick midday TikTok break, this handy tool will search over 170,000 internet hotspots to find the closest location to you. The majority of these will likely be at a 7-Eleven, where you'll almost always be able to go online.

As if that feature isn't useful enough, the app eliminates the need to fill in the registration forms that typically serve as a barrier before you can access public Wi-Fi. Fill out your name and email once and the app will complete each form on your behalf. While you used to need to be online to find the Internet (which kind of defeats the app's entire purpose), you can now download the offline map to ensure you can always find a connection. Just remember to be careful with what data you enter or share while using any public Wi-Fi network .

Japan has been a "cash is king" country for years, meaning paying with notes and coins is the default over ApplePay and credit cards. This attitude has slipped in recent years, but cash still has a strong grip on the country's residents with only 36% of people preferring cashless payments.

While you should be able to use your card in most major outlets and tourist locations -- such as department stores, malls, theme parks, supermarkets, and even taxis -- a lot of restaurants, cafes, and bars still prefer to be paid in cash. This number will be much higher outside of major cities, and many local restaurants, markets, or temples won't have the facilities to accept card payments even if they want to. Exchanging at least a chunk of your spending money into Japanese yen ahead of time will save you in sticky situations (plus it helps you control your spending, which is always a bonus).

Choose Taxis Over Ubers

Although Uber exists in Japan, it's not as widespread or commonplace as in countries like the United States, Canada, or the United Kingdom. Journeys tend to be more expensive than those taken with local cabs, making the latter the service of choice for locals and tourists alike.

The upside to Uber is, of course, the fact that it's so familiar for many tourists. It's easy to order your taxi and pay via card, and the entire process is in English. However, your cheapest option is to hail taxis on the street, as you won't need to pay a base fare for the pick-up service. It'll say on the front of a car in Japanese if it's occupied. It's also color-coded so tourists can understand. Red means it's taken. Green means it's available. If you do want to pre-book, most locals prefer to use the Go app for journeys anywhere within Japan's 47 prefectures. This works similarly to Uber, except it allows you to pay with both cash and card and will give you a flat rate for journeys to and from the airport.

Purchase A Suica Card

The question isn't so much what a Suica card can do ; what can't it do? This prepaid, contactless card can be repeatedly loaded up with more cash to pay for public transport, including the metro, trains, buses, and taxis. Beyond transportation, Suica is also accepted in many shops, restaurants, cafes, and even vending machines. Just look out for the Suica symbol to know if they do -- and if you can't spot it, it's at least worth asking.

You can purchase your card before arriving in Japan and return it at the end of your trip to recover your 500 yen ($12) deposit. Due to a manufacturing shortage, the sale of new Suica cards is temporarily on hold as of June 2023, but if you're on a temporary visa, you can still purchase a Welcome Suica card. This doesn't require a deposit, doesn't need to be returned, and is valid for 28 days. These can only be purchased inside Japan at locations such as Narita and Haneda airports and will come with a reference paper which you'll need to keep on your person at all times.

Utilize Storage Lockers

For security reasons, storage lockers are a rarity at train stations around the world. Japan is an exception. You'd be hard-pressed to find a major station without coin lockers (which, despite the name, can actually be used with a Suica card, too), and in Tokyo, most stations come equipped with storage facilities.

Baggage storage is one of those things you don't realize you'll need until you desperately need it. These lockers are useful if you only have a few hours before heading to your hotel or next destination and want to stow away your belongings so you can freely explore. They also happen to be extremely cheap, typically costing between $1 and $5. There's usually no problem finding a vacant locker, but if you are struggling, you can download the  SPACER app , which will allow you to find and reserve a locker at major stations such as Shinjuku, Osaka, and Shibuya in advance. This is currently only available in Japanese, but there are plans for an English version in the near future.

Avoid National Holidays

Lunar New Year isn't the only holiday worth skipping if you want to avoid the crowds. National holidays bring in huge crowds anywhere, but especially Japan, where workers get little annual leave and want to take advantage of the break. If you do decide to brave big attractions like Shibuya Crossing, Senso-ji Temple, or Tokyo Skytree, you'll likely find yourself shoulder-to-shoulder with fellow tourists.

For a quieter vacation, April 29 to May 6 -- or, Golden Week -- is one of Japan's busiest holiday periods. This tends to be the most hectic season for the likes of Tokyo Disney Resort and Universal Studios Japan, where you can expect to wait in long lines for everything, from the park entrance to the restrooms. While Christmas isn't a national holiday in Japan, it is for many other countries, meaning the festive season can also bring an influx of tourists to both of these locations. Late September (Silver Week), New Year, and the Obon Week in August are typically also very busy.

Claim Your Tax Refund

From clothes to gadgets, Japan is one of the most unique places for retail therapy in the world. If you're a tourist, you can also shop with the peace of mind that you'll get at least some of your money back. Any non-resident visiting Japan for less than six months can enjoy tax-free shopping, meaning you can reclaim 10% of the value of your purchase.

There are a few catches. First, you'll need to check that the store is in fact a "tax-free shop" by checking for a logo stating as such at the entrance. They're extremely common and can be found in the likes of Namba City, Echika Ikebukuro, and Seibu Shibuya. You'll also need to have spent more than 5,000 yen ($33) in the same store on the same day. Some stores will let you pay tax-free from the offset if you present your passport, while others will require you to present your receipt at a tax exemption counter on the same day to get your money back.

Download A Good Translation App

If you know Japanese, you're good to go. For those of us who aren't bilingual, Japan can be tough to navigate at times. While most signs in major cities will have translations, less than 30% of people living in Japan speak English, which means it's inevitable you'll hit the language barrier at some point during your stay.

A good translation app is a must, especially one that's able to translate pictures. Google Translate is always a go-to, but one of the best choices is iTranslate Translator . Not only can it tackle text, but you can also use it to scan and translate menus, signs, labels ... you name it. Best of all, it can work offline if you download the Japanese pack ahead of time. It's free to download but will cost you $5.99 a month to unlock its full potential. Considering how useful it is, it's better to spend $5.99 than find yourself stranded in a restaurant blind-ordering a dish because you can't read the menu.

Read the original article on Explore .

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Travel medicine teaching slides: chapter 1 - introduction to travel medicine 2024.

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The ISTM is pleased to present the expanded and updated 2024 version of the popular teaching presentation. The 225-slide PowerPoint slide set is now presented in four chapters - Chapter 1: Introduction to Travel Medicine; Chapter 2: Travel Topics and Special Conditions; Chapter 3: Travel Vaccines; Chapter 4: Vector-borne Diseases.  

This product is Chapter 1 only .  Each chapter can be purchased individually for 15 USD (Members) or 50 USD (Non-Members).

All 4 chapters can be purchased together for a reduced price - 40 USD (Members) or 175 USD (Non-Members) - by clicking here.

The original authors of the slideset are Eric Caumes, MD, Professor of Infectious and Tropical Diseases at the Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière in Paris, France, and Bradley A. Connor, MD, Director of the New York Center for Travel and Tropical Medicine, and Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine at Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, United States.

Since its inception in 2008 the slide set has undergone major updating several times.  With each update, there is an extensive peer-review process by travel medicine practitioners from around the world.

In this new 2024 edition, Darvin Scott Smith, MD, served as Chief of Infectious Disease & Geographic Medicine at Kaiser Redwood City, Sheila Mackell, MD, Pediatrics & Travel Medicine, Mountain View Pediatrics, Flagstaff, Arizona, Mary-Louise Scully, MD, Director, Travel and Tropical Medicine Center, Sansum Clinic, Santa Barbara, California, and Yen-Giang Bui MD, DTMH, Public Health Department CISSS Monteregie-Centre, Longueuil, Canada have undertaken an extensive update.  The 2024 edition of the slide set has been peer-reviewed by The Professional Education Committee of ISTM and other key opinion leaders of ISTM from Australia, Canada, France, United Kingdom, South Africa, and the United States of America, ensuring the international relevance and applicability of the content.

The presentations are suitable for lecturing to both healthcare professionals and lay groups.  Slides are grouped by subject area (e.g., Risk Assessment, Vaccines, Malaria, Travelers’ Diarrhea, Special Needs Travelers, Post-Travel Syndromes) for easy customization of lectures.  Material and teaching points are international in scope, allowing the presenter to elaborate on specific local dosing and availability issues.

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Copyright to the powerpoint slides contained in the files titled introduction to travel medicine, travel topics and special conditions, travel vaccines, and vector-borne diseases are owned by the international society of travel medicine.  individual purchasers of these slide sets are granted a license to use the slides under the following conditions:.

• These slides are meant for the purchaser’s teaching and public speaking activities as a private individual only.
• No part of the slide sets may be used by, disseminated by, or posted in print or electronic format by institutions, corporations or other organizations.  Licenses for purchase and distribution of multiple copies are negotiable with the ISTM.
• Individual purchasers may not share any part of the slide sets with any other individual, contained slides may be projected by that individual only or by an individual that is a direct subordinate or paid employee of the individual purchaser.
• Any or all slides may be shown at a single session.
• Each slide must be projected exactly as it appears in the slide set.
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© 2024 International Society of Travel Medicine

Everyone is visiting Japan. An extended currency slump means the tourists will just keep coming.

• Japan's weak currency is boosting tourism, with a record-breaking 3.1 million visitors in March.
• The devalued yen is encouraging tourists to spend more on luxury goods.
• The currency is negatively impacting outbound travel, with more Japanese tourists staying in the country.

Japan is a beloved tourist spot . A weak currency is ensuring that it will remain that way for foreigners.

The country just broke its pre-pandemic tourist record, with 3.1 million foreign visitors in March. The government said it's on track to surpass 2025's target of 32 million annual foreign visitors this year, after 8.6 million tourists visited in the first quarter of 2024.

Japan opened to tourists in October 2022, after over two years of strict, pandemic-induced border restrictions. Pent-up demand, combined with a cheaper currency, has fueled the record number of visitors.

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Tourists are staying longer and spending more due to the weak yen, which makes it cheaper for foreigners to purchase accommodation, activities, food, and gifts. The yen has fallen nearly 10% year-to-date , compared to the dollar.

Japan's currency has been depreciating largely due to high interest rates in the US, which makes the dollar more attractive to investors. A historic rate hike in Japan last month — the first since 2007 — did little to reverse the downward trend.

Japan is a tourist hot spot because of its status as a culture and entertainment icon, its natural wonders, and its unique cuisine. Tourists from South Korea, China, Taiwan, and the US made up the biggest portion of foreign visitors in March, according to Japan's National Tourism Organization.

Japanese carriers like Japan Airlines and ANA plan to cash in on the tourism boom by running more routes from Asia.

The sharp decline of the yen has also expanded demand for luxury goods. Foreign tourists are taking advantage of the currency discount by snapping up cheaper products in Japan from premium brands such as Swiss watchmaker TAG Heuer, Chanel, and Prada, Bloomberg reported earlier this month.

While the weak yen creates a sweet spot for foreigners, it is severely hurting Japanese travelers.

The number of outbound travelers was less than half the number of inbound travelers in March, per the National Tourism Organization. Outbound Japanese travel was down 37% last month compared to the same period in 2019, though it ticked up from February, the agency's data shows.

High airfare costs and low buying power is compelling more locals to skip international travel in favor of domestic locations.

Watch: Japanese denim is costly, but it's considered one of the best denims in the world. Here's why.

• Main content

Generative A.I. Arrives in the Gene Editing World of CRISPR

Much as ChatGPT generates poetry, a new A.I. system devises blueprints for microscopic mechanisms that can edit your DNA.

The physical structure of OpenCRISPR-1, a gene editor created by A.I. technology from Profluent. Credit... Video by Profluent Bio

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By Cade Metz

Has reported on the intersection of A.I. and health care for a decade.

• April 22, 2024

Generative A.I. technologies can write poetry and computer programs or create images of teddy bears and videos of cartoon characters that look like something from a Hollywood movie.

Now, new A.I. technology is generating blueprints for microscopic biological mechanisms that can edit your DNA, pointing to a future when scientists can battle illness and diseases with even greater precision and speed than they can today.

Described in a research paper published on Monday by a Berkeley, Calif., startup called Profluent, the technology is based on the same methods that drive ChatGPT, the online chatbot that launched the A.I. boom after its release in 2022 . The company is expected to present the paper next month at the annual meeting of the American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy.

Much as ChatGPT learns to generate language by analyzing Wikipedia articles, books and chat logs, Profluent’s technology creates new gene editors after analyzing enormous amounts of biological data, including microscopic mechanisms that scientists already use to edit human DNA.

These gene editors are based on Nobel Prize-winning methods involving biological mechanisms called CRISPR. Technology based on CRISPR is already changing how scientists study and fight illness and disease , providing a way of altering genes that cause hereditary conditions, such as sickle cell anemia and blindness.

Previously, CRISPR methods used mechanisms found in nature — biological material gleaned from bacteria that allows these microscopic organisms to fight off germs.

“They have never existed on Earth,” said James Fraser, a professor and chair of the department of bioengineering and therapeutic sciences at the University of California, San Francisco, who has read Profluent’s research paper. “The system has learned from nature to create them, but they are new.”

The hope is that the technology will eventually produce gene editors that are more nimble and more powerful than those that have been honed over billions of years of evolution.

On Monday, Profluent also said that it had used one of these A.I.-generated gene editors to edit human DNA and that it was “open sourcing” this editor, called OpenCRISPR-1. That means it is allowing individuals, academic labs and companies to experiment with the technology for free.

A.I. researchers often open source the underlying software that drives their A.I. systems , because it allows others to build on their work and accelerate the development of new technologies. But it is less common for biological labs and pharmaceutical companies to open source inventions like OpenCRISPR-1.

Though Profluent is open sourcing the gene editors generated by its A.I. technology, it is not open sourcing the A.I. technology itself.

The project is part of a wider effort to build A.I. technologies that can improve medical care. Scientists at the University of Washington, for instance, are using the methods behind chatbots like OpenAI’s ChatGPT and image generators like Midjourney to create entirely new proteins — the microscopic molecules that drive all human life — as they work to accelerate the development of new vaccines and medicines.

(The New York Times has sued OpenAI and its partner, Microsoft, on claims of copyright infringement involving artificial intelligence systems that generate text.)

Generative A.I. technologies are driven by what scientists call a neural network , a mathematical system that learns skills by analyzing vast amounts of data. The image creator Midjourney, for example, is underpinned by a neural network that has analyzed millions of digital images and the captions that describe each of those images. The system learned to recognize the links between the images and the words. So when you ask it for an image of a rhinoceros leaping off the Golden Gate Bridge, it knows what to do.

Profluent’s technology is driven by a similar A.I. model that learns from sequences of amino acids and nucleic acids — the chemical compounds that define the microscopic biological mechanisms that scientists use to edit genes. Essentially, it analyzes the behavior of CRISPR gene editors pulled from nature and learns how to generate entirely new gene editors.

“These A.I. models learn from sequences — whether those are sequences of characters or words or computer code or amino acids,” said Profluent’s chief executive, Ali Madani, a researcher who previously worked in the A.I. lab at the software giant Salesforce.

Profluent has not yet put these synthetic gene editors through clinical trials, so it is not clear if they can match or exceed the performance of CRISPR. But this proof of concept shows that A.I. models can produce something capable of editing the human genome.

Still, it is unlikely to affect health care in the short term. Fyodor Urnov, a gene editing pioneer and scientific director at the Innovative Genomics Institute at the University of California, Berkeley, said scientists had no shortage of naturally occurring gene editors that they could use to fight illness and disease. The bottleneck, he said, is the cost of pushing these editors through preclinical studies, such as safety, manufacturing and regulatory reviews, before they can be used on patients.

But generative A.I. systems often hold enormous potential because they tend to improve quickly as they learn from increasingly large amounts of data. If technology like Profluent’s continues to improve, it could eventually allow scientists to edit genes in far more precise ways. The hope, Dr. Urnov said, is that this could, in the long term, lead to a world where medicines and treatments are quickly tailored to individual people even faster than we can do today.

“I dream of a world where we have CRISPR on demand within weeks,” he said.

Scientists have long cautioned against using CRISPR for human enhancement because it is a relatively new technology that could potentially have undesired side effects, such as triggering cancer, and have warned against unethical uses, such as genetically modifying human embryos.

This is also a concern with synthetic gene editors. But scientists already have access to everything they need to edit embryos.

“A bad actor, someone who is unethical, is not worried about whether they use an A.I.-created editor or not,” Dr. Fraser said. “They are just going to go ahead and use what’s available.”

Cade Metz writes about artificial intelligence, driverless cars, robotics, virtual reality and other emerging areas of technology. More about Cade Metz

Explore Our Coverage of Artificial Intelligence

News  and Analysis

Eight daily newspapers owned by Alden Global Capital sued OpenAI and Microsoft , accusing the tech companies of illegally using news articles to power their A.I. chatbots.

The spending that the tech industry’s giants expect A.I. to require, for the chips and data centers , is starting to come into focus — and it is jarringly large.

The table stakes for A.I. start-ups to compete with the likes of Microsoft and Google are in the billions of dollars. And even that may not be enough .

The Age of A.I.

A new category of apps promises to relieve parents of drudgery, with an assist from A.I . But a family’s grunt work is more human, and valuable, than it seems.

Despite Mark Zuckerberg’s hope for Meta’s A.I. assistant to be the smartest , it struggles with facts, numbers and web search.

Much as ChatGPT generates poetry, a new A.I. system devises blueprints for microscopic mechanisms  that can edit your DNA.

Could A.I. change India’s elections? Avatars are addressing voters by name, in whichever of India’s many languages they speak. Experts see potential for misuse  in a country already rife with disinformation.

Which A.I. system writes the best computer code or generates the most realistic image? Right now, there’s no easy way to answer those questions, our technology columnist writes .

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