endeavor vs journey

dodge journey vs mitsubishi endeavor

2020 dodge journey se value fwd, 2011 mitsubishi endeavor ls fwd.

What's the difference between endeavor and journey ?

Definition:

• (v. t.) To exert physical or intellectual strength for the attainment of; to use efforts to effect; to strive to achieve or reach; to try; to attempt.
• (v. i.) To exert one's self; to work for a certain end.
• (n.) An exertion of physical or intellectual strength toward the attainment of an object; a systematic or continuous attempt; an effort; a trial.

Example Sentences:

• (1) The practice of community nursing was heavily emphasized, and it was endeavored to strike a balance between hospital experience and work in communities themselves.
• (2) In 240 cases of genital ulcer disease among mineworkers in Carletonville, South Africa, this study endeavored to correlate the clinical diagnosis with laboratory findings.
• (3) The present study investigated and endeavored to quantify the psychological, sexual, and social adjustment reactions to a mastectomy, the possible interaction of these reactions, and the role of environmental support in mediating these responses.
• (4) Understanding the nature and mechanisms of the CNS transduction of peripheral thermal stimuli to efferent command signals for driving thermoregulatory motor outputs will be a challenging endeavor in the future.
• (5) This substantial goal probably will be achieved through the completion of smaller endeavors.
• (6) The findings reveal that through feminist endeavors, and women physicians as nurse educators, the New England Hospital for Women and Children emerged as a leader in training nurses.
• (7) Observational instruments have been used in forensic science, medical, and social situations in an endeavor to measure alcohol intoxication.
• (8) Bold and imaginative plans by the medical library community are essential to the full success of the endeavor.
• (9) While experience is being gained, each party must endeavor to understand what the technique is able to determine and what it cannot determine.
• (10) The investigators endeavored to determine whether (a) depressed adolescents would perform as well as normals on the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency and (b) whether the method of diagnosing major depressive episode (MDE), using DSM-III criteria or the Dexamethasone Suppression Test, was related to motor proficiency.
• (11) Modern forecasting techniques and criteria to evaluate prognostic endeavors are described.
• (12) Systems like this permit compilation of data, statistical analysis, and the possibility of intercommunication with other microcomputers and mainframe systems in collaborative research endeavors.
• (13) Because of the increasing number of patients and the variety of prostheses and fixation modalities available to the surgeon, the evaluation of the patient with a painful arthroplasty has become an increasingly complex endeavor.
• (14) The collecting of human remains for study in museums and medical schools has been a vital scientific endeavor for many years.
• (15) It is predicted that future endeavors will use this relationship to diagnose and treat specific diseases that have at their basis neuroendocrine and immunologic imbalances.
• (16) The library profession must earn a central place in this endeavor, and must address a number of important issues.
• (17) In the words of Samuel D. Gross: "The cases which may reasonably require and those which may not require interference with the knife are not always so clearly and distinctly defined as not to give rise, in very many instances, to the most serious apprehension ... that, while the surgeon endeavors to avoid Scylla, he may not unwittingly run into Charybdis, mutilating a limb that might have been saved, and endangering life by the retention of one that should have been promptly amputated."
• (18) In addition, closer links with nearby educational institutions or affiliated hospitals are being pursued to support and maintain our ongoing marketing endeavors.
• (19) This is not the first time a federal agency has endeavored to track the number of police killings in the US.
• (20) This endeavor will be fostered by the further development and refinement of non-invasive roentgenographic techniques.
• (n.) The travel or work of a day.
• (n.) Travel or passage from one place to another; hence, figuratively, a passage through life.
• (v. i.) To travel from place to place; to go from home to a distance.
• (v. t.) To traverse; to travel over or through.
• (1) On Friday night, in a stadium built in an area once deemed an urban wasteland, the flame that has journeyed from Athens to every corner of these islands will light the fire that launches the London Olympics of 2012.
• (2) The Trans-Siberian railway , the greatest train journey in the world, is where our love story began.
• (3) For his lone, perilous journey that defied the US occupation authorities, Burchett was pilloried, not least by his embedded colleagues.
• (4) The buses recently went up by 50p per journey, but my wages went up with national inflation which was pennies.
• (5) The playing fields on which all those players began their journeys have been underfunded for years and are now facing a renewed crisis because of cuts to local authority budgets.
• (6) The cause has been innumerable "VIP movements", as journeys undertaken by those considered important enough for all other traffic to be held up, sometimes for hours, are described in South Asian bureaucratic speak.
• (7) The development of pulmonary edema in high-altitude residents with upper respiratory infections and no antecedent low-altitude journey is consistent with the presence of other factors such as inflammation, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of the edema.
• (8) "I saw my role, and continue to do so, as doing everything I can to accelerate the Lib Dems' journey from a party of protest to a party of government," he said.
• (9) An alternative route is the one via Paris, from where the journey continues to Holland or Great Britain.
• (10) His torturous journey for a safer life has led to no life .
• (11) He points to the seat where his friend was hit; he says only pride prevents him from lying on the floor for the entire journey.
• (12) Davies, who worked closely with AHTSYL's producers to ensure an accurate picture, worries that some medical stories are sold solely as "emotional journeys".
• (13) Greece standoff over €86bn bailout eases after Brussels deal Read more But while the bailout chiefs are poised to agree on a route map, the journey for the Greek people seems no less long and arduous.
• (14) We wish to thank once again all the Chinese people and people around the world who have supported Beijing 2022 in this extraordinary bid journey.” Earlier, the president Xi threw his weight behind China’s bid, promising the “strongest support” for the Beijing Games in a one-minute video address to the IOC delegates.
• (15) On Saturday I made my second trip to the campsite in Lower Stumble – my first journey was on 28 July.
• (16) One of those queueing on Sunday morning was Veerle Schmits, 43, a social services worker from Haringey, north London, who was due to travel to Belgium on Saturday to see her family for a belated new year’s party but was forced to delay her journey.
• (17) Which certainly isn't a charge you can level at Sony – in recent years, it has conspicuously championed indies (winning a hatful of Baftas for Journey and The Unfinished Swan in the process).
• (18) Photograph: Martin Argles for the Guardian A journey that started five years ago with a promise to bring Labour together – to avoid the civil strife that traditionally followed election defeat – risks ending where it began: contemplating electoral wilderness.
• (19) During their last conversation in April, Gulru told her that Isis had given the family $30,000 for their journey to Aleppo.
• (20) But the controversy generated by Lindsay Lohan's Indian Journey, documenting the Hollywood actor's investigation into child trafficking was not quite matched by its ratings, with 224,000 viewers on Thursday, 1 April.

Words possibly related to " endeavor "

achievement

Words possibly related to " journey "

untravellable

peregrinate

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Definition of endeavor

 (Entry 1 of 2)

transitive verb

intransitive verb

Definition of endeavor  (Entry 2 of 2)

• beaver (away)
• assay [ archaic ]
• bash [ chiefly British ]

attempt , try , endeavor , essay , strive mean to make an effort to accomplish an end.

attempt stresses the initiation or beginning of an effort.

try is often close to attempt but may stress effort or experiment made in the hope of testing or proving something.

endeavor heightens the implications of exertion and difficulty.

essay implies difficulty but also suggests tentative trying or experimenting.

strive implies great exertion against great difficulty and specifically suggests persistent effort.

Examples of endeavor in a Sentence

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'endeavor.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Verb and Noun

Middle English endeveren to exert oneself, from en- + dever duty — more at devoir

15th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 2

15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Dictionary Entries Near endeavor

Endeavor River pear

Cite this Entry

“Endeavor.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/endeavor. Accessed 6 Jun. 2024.

Kids Definition

Kids definition of endeavor, more from merriam-webster on endeavor.

Nglish: Translation of endeavor for Spanish Speakers

Britannica English: Translation of endeavor for Arabic Speakers

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Endeavor vs. endeavour, this grammar.com article is about endeavor vs. endeavour — enjoy your reading.

Endeavor vs. Endeavour If you are asking whether "endeavor" or "endeavour" is a misspelling, then you should know from the very beginning that the answer is no. They are both considered correct spellings. But does this also mean that their meanings are the same? Find out if you can use both "endeavor" and "endeavour" in the same contexts and what recommendations we have for you when using these words. Endeavor vs. Endeavour "Endeavor" and "endeavour" refer to the same thing, to the same intense attempt and determination to do something. The major factor generating their spelling differences is represented by the English vocabularies that prefer them. More exactly, "endeavor" is the US spelling, and probably most frequently used, whereas "endeavour" is mostly used in formal UK English. Otherwise, there is another slight difference that occurs between these two, which refers to the contexts in which you can use one, but not the other. Let's take a closer look to the situations where you should use "endeavor" and "endeavour" and where you shouldn't. When do we use "endeavor"? "Endeavor" is the US spelling of the word and it is only used as a verb, referring to the action of trying very hard to do something. Definitely choose to use this word if you are talking in American English. Example: Even if he wouldn't let me, I will still endeavor to help him. - "endeavor" refers to the action of trying very hard to do something. When do we use "endeavour"? Even though it's used less frequently than "endeavor", as it is somehow more formal, "endeavour" is commonly preferred in British English. In addition to this, not only can you use it as a verb, with the same meaning explained above (putting effort, struggling to do something), but also as a noun, referring to the efforts of an artist, for example, within an enterprise. Example 1 : I endeavour to support you even when you refuse my help. - referring to the action of struggling to do something. Example 2 : Everyone appreciated his artistic endeavour. - as a noun, "endeavour" refers to the efforts someone puts into something. Conclusion Even though their meanings are almost identical, here are the slight differences you should remember in order to use these words correctly: "endeavor" is the US spelling, only used as a verb, whereas "endeavour" is the UK spelling that can be used both as a verb and as a noun.

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MHA's Seasons 4 & 5 Are Better Than Some Fans Think

My Hero Academia seasons 4 and 5 offer a rich tapestry of storytelling, character development, and world-building. But these seasons are often viewed as being among the weakest in the series by fans. While the seasons don't technically have any shocking twists, the seasons have deep, emotionally driven moments that expand on the characters and the overall narrative.

Despite this, these seasons are filled with necessary action-packed sequences and dynamic hero-villain conflicts that reveal a hidden depth and complexity that may not have been immediately apparent. From the exploration of characters' backgrounds and growth to the introduction of compelling new story arcs, there are numerous elements that elevate these seasons beyond surface-level entertainment.

The U.A. School Festival Arc Offered a Much-Needed Break for Class 1-A

My hero academia: u.a. school festival arc, my hero academia: 5 reasons why the ua school festival arc is the anime's best (& 5 why it's the entrance exam arc).

Everyone has their favorite plot arcs, but in My Hero Academia, is the Festival Arc or Entrance Exam arc better?

The U.A. School Festival Arc provides a much-needed respite from the intense hero vs. villain conflicts . This arc is crucial because it highlights the everyday lives and personalities of the students at U.A. High School, fostering character development and deepening viewers' connections with them. Fans are treated to the students' talents and teamwork as they prepare and perform a musical act for the festival. The preparation process reveals the unique skills and interests of each character, such as Jiro’s musical prowess, Bakugo’s surprising enthusiasm for drumming, and Aoyama’s flamboyant stage presence.

The arc also introduces the villain, Gentle Criminal and his partner La Brava, who, despite their antagonistic roles, add a lighter, more comedic element to the story. Their motivations are less about causing harm and more about seeking recognition, which adds nuance to the narrative. The U.A. School Festival Arc enriches the series by balancing intense action with heartfelt moments, reminding viewers of the characters' humanity and the importance of joy and friendship in their lives.

Deku Vs. Overhaul Is the Season's Most Epic Battle

My hero academia, season 4, episode 13, "infinite 100%".

The battle between Deku and Overhaul is a standout visual and emotional spectacle that underscores several key themes of the series. Firstly, the animation and choreography are breathtaking. Studio Bones delivers a high-octane, fluid battle sequence where Deku, using Eri’s quirk to maintain One For All at 100%, showcases his full potential. The dynamic camera angles, detailed character movements, and explosive effects elevate the fight, making it one of the most visually impressive in the series.

Secondly, this battle highlights Deku's growth as a hero. Throughout the series, Deku has struggled with controlling his immense power. In this fight, he manages to harness One For All at its fullest with Eri's help, symbolizing his progress and determination. Deku's determination to save Eri showcases his unwavering heroism and empathy. The fight is not just about defeating a villain but rescuing someone in dire need, reinforcing Deku’s role as a true hero.

Class 1-A and Class 1-B Go Head to Head With Each Other

My hero academia: joint training arc, my hero academia: 10 ways class 1-b could have won the joint training exercise.

My Hero Academia's Class 1-B didn't win the Joint Training Exercise, but there were a few missed opportunities that could've changed the outcome.

Though the pacing of this arc is considered to be lackluster to some viewers, it remains a hidden gem in the series, as it emphasizes the teamwork and camaraderie between Class 1-A and Class 1-B during their joint training exercise. The joint training exercise is designed to simulate real-world combat scenarios, forcing the students to work together and strategize. This setting highlights the unique strengths and weaknesses of each student. For instance, the episode underscores Shinso's potential with his Brainwashing Quirk and his determination to prove himself despite his lack of a Hero Course background.

Even Bakugo pleasantly shocks everyone with his incredible teamwork with his classmates - highlighting the trust he now has in his colleagues that was built up during the School Festival Arc. This arc also gives insights into lesser-seen characters from Class 1-B, such as Itsuka Kendo and Tetsutetsu Tetsutetsu. Their abilities and teamwork are showcased, highlighting that they are just as capable and driven as their Class 1-A counterparts. Students learn to trust each other and leverage each other's strengths, leading to effective team dynamics. This not only builds camaraderie but also prepares them for future challenges as professional heroes.

Mirko and Hawks Make Their Debut

My hero academia, season 4, episode 24, "japanese hero billboard chart".

Season four of My Hero Academia introduces a handful of fan-favorite heroes, most notably Hawks and Mirko. Hawks, with his charismatic personality and laid-back demeanor, quickly becomes a standout character. His unique Quirk, Fierce Wings, and strategic intelligence make him a formidable presence in the hero community. Similarly, Mirko, the Rabbit Hero, captures the audience's attention with her fierce combat skills and fearless attitude.

Episode 25, "His Start," sees Mirko fearlessly take on a group of villains, demonstrating her agility and strength in battle. Her dynamic personality and striking design instantly make her a fan favorite. The introduction of Hawks and Mirko not only expands the roster of heroes in the series but also adds depth to the hero society portrayed in My Hero Academia. Their presence introduces new dynamics and potential alliances, while also raising the stakes of future conflicts. Additionally, their popularity among fans contributes to the overall excitement and engagement with Season four.

Todoroki and Bakugo Become More Empathetic

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Some My Hero Academia arcs are definitely more popular than others, though all of them add something significant to the overall story.

Todoroki and Bakugo's growth as characters in this season is a profound development that carries over to future seasons of the series. After failing the Provisional Hero License Exam, Todoroki and Bakugo, along with other students from Shiketsu High, are tasked with a crucial mission: winning the hearts of the children of Masegaki Elementary School to restore their confidence and earn their provisional licenses. This mission serves as a pivotal opportunity for both characters to confront their weaknesses and develop empathy - a significant aspect of heroism often overlooked by Bakugo and Todoroki.

Throughout the episodes, Todoroki's reserved demeanor softens as he connects with the children, while Bakugo, known for his brash and aggressive attitude, learns to adapt his approach, demonstrating patience and creativity in engaging with the children. Their interactions with the children not only showcase their growth as individuals but also highlight the importance of compassion and empathy in heroism.

Shigaraki's Tragic Origin Is Revealed

My hero academia, season 5, episode 23, "tenko shimura: origin" and episode 24, "tomura shigaraki: origin".

Tomura Shigaraki's origin story is a pivotal moment that adds significant depth and complexity to his character arc. This episode delves into Shigaraki's tragic past, revealing the trauma and abuse that shaped him into the villain he is today. Viewers get a harrowing look into Shigaraki's childhood as Tenko Shimura. The episodes detail his early life with a family that, despite good intentions, inadvertently suppressed his emerging Quirk, Decay. The emotional and physical abuse from his father, who feared the hero world, exacerbates Tenko’s sense of isolation and despair. It culminates in a tragic accident where his Quirk manifests uncontrollably, resulting in the death of his family.

Viewers gain a profound understanding of Shigaraki's motivations and the psychological scars that drive his hatred for heroes. He is transformed from a one-dimensional antagonist into a deeply flawed and sympathetic character and his subsequent manipulation by All For One, who molds him into the leader of the League of Villains, adds another layer of tragedy. It also highlights the theme of societal failure and the consequences of neglecting and ostracizing those with dangerous quirks, which would come back to haunt the series' heroes during and after the Paranormal Liberation War Arc.

The Todoroki Family Faces a Plethora of Personal Struggles

My hero academia, season 5, episode 17, "the hellish todoroki family", mha: endeavor's journey opens a discourse on redemption and cancel culture.

Endeavor's past mistake is enough to ruin his public image. Whether this is right or wrong, the incident speaks volumes about society's media culture.

Season five offers a poignant exploration of the Todoroki family dynamics. This episode delves into the lingering effects of Endeavor's abusive behavior, revealing how it has profoundly impacted Shoto and his siblings, Natsuo and Fuyumi. The episode includes a family dinner scene that brings these tensions to the forefront. Natsuo expresses his lingering resentment towards Endeavor, unable to forgive him for the pain he inflicted on their family, while Fuyumi tries to maintain a semblance of peace and hopes for reconciliation.

Shoto, caught between his desire to move forward and his traumatic memories, struggles with complex emotions. This exploration of the Todoroki family dynamics highlights the long-term effects of Endeavor's past actions , moving beyond his public persona as the No. 1 Hero to reveal his flawed humanity. It makes the season more engaging and resonant, highlighting the personal struggles that heroes face beyond their public battles.

The Meta Liberation Army War Sets the Foundation for Future Battles

My hero academia: meta liberation army arc.

The introduction of the Meta Liberation Army Arc adds significant depth and excitement to the series. It showcases the emerging threat of the Meta Liberation Army, led by Re-Destro, setting the stage for a larger and more complex conflict. The Army's philosophy, which advocates for the unrestricted use of Quirks and opposes the current hero society's regulations, challenges the heroes' understanding of justice and freedom.

The Arc also underscores the growing power struggle within the villain community, showcasing Shigaraki's determination to assert his dominance and the evolution of his character. By introducing the Liberation Army Arc, the season not only broadens the scope of the conflict but adds complexity to the plot and creates anticipation for the epic battles and ideological clashes to come, making season five more engaging and dynamic.

Hawks Is a Morally Gray Character

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Hawks' complex motivations are brought to the forefront in season five, significantly adding layers of intrigue and moral ambiguity to his character . This season delves a bit into Hawks' covert operations, revealing his precarious position as a double agent working within the League of Villains while maintaining his status as the No. 2 Pro Hero. Hawks' intricate web of allegiances is highlighted through his interactions with Dabi and the League of Villains. He carefully navigates these dangerous relationships, striving to gather intelligence without compromising his cover. His ability to maintain this delicate balance showcases his resourcefulness and strategic thinking.

The moral ambiguity of Hawks' actions adds a compelling layer to the story. His willingness to engage in deceptive practices and manipulate situations for the greater good blurs the traditional lines between hero and villain. This complexity makes Hawks a more intriguing character, as he operates in a morally gray area where the ends justify the means. It showcases the intricate dynamics at play within the hero community, making the series more engaging and thought-provoking.

Endeavor Strives for Redemption

My hero academia, season 4, episode 25, "his start".

Character development plays a crucial role in My Hero Academia and the current number one hero, Endeavor, gets his fair share of redemption in the series. Endeavor struggles to understand what it means to be the number one hero now that he has taken over the mantle from All Might.

As he searches for his answer, he has to deal with his past as an abusive father and husband, as well as the public's fear of approaching him due to his brash personality. His climactic battle with the high-end Nomu showcases his determination and evolving sense of responsibility, marking a significant shift in his character from an unlikable power-obsessed figure to one seeking genuine heroism.

My Hero Academia (2016)

Izuku has dreamt of being a hero all his lifea lofty goal for anyone, but especially challenging for a kid with no superpowers. Thats right, in a world where eighty percent of the population has some kind of super-powered quirk, Izuku was unlucky enough to be born completely normal. But thats not enough to stop him from enrolling in one of the worlds most prestigious hero academies.

Release Date May 5, 2018

Cast Daiki Yamashita, Nobuhiko Okamoto, Ayane Sakura, Justin Briner

Main Genre Anime

Genres Action, Adventure

Rating TV-14

Production Company Bones

Number of Episodes 145

The Differences Between A Gentleman in Moscow the Book and the TV Series

Amor Towles's hit novel has been adapted for a gorgeous series starring Ewan McGregor. Are they the same?

Every item on this page was chosen by a Town & Country editor. We may earn commission on some of the items you choose to buy.

In the 1932 all-star film Grand Hotel, a sage observer of the human condition intones “What do you do in the Grand Hotel? Eat. Sleep. Loaf around. Flirt a little, dance a little. A hundred doors leading to one hall…And when you leave, someone occupies your room…that's the end.”

Count Rostov was first introduced to audiences in Amor Towles’ 2016 boffo bestseller A Gentleman in Moscow . Now, it’s been adapted into a Showtime limited series and the eponym is played with old-world panache, charm, and sparkle by a mustachioed Ewan McGregor .

In both iterations of A Gentleman in Moscow , you’ll find much to marvel at. But, it’s not all joy. There is death, contemplation of suicide, famine, the onset of war and other very heavy topics especially given the news today. But coupled with that, and embodied by the singular Count Rostov, is a commitment to finding beauty in the commonplace. That even amidst sadness and privation, there is a persistent glimmer of possibility to cling to. Start by reading and watching the life of Count Rostov unfold. By the time you’re done, you’ll want to, as he does, reach for Tolstoy.

There are, of course, differences between the book and the limited series—and some are of greater import than others. Here are the most important.

Adapt or Die Ben Blackall/Paramount+ with SHOWTIME Mary Elizabeth Winstead as Anna Urbanova in A Gentleman in Moscow.

Both the novel and the series, airing now, begin with Count Rostov as he is charged by a Bolshevik tribunal with house arrest. Fortunately for him, the luxurious Hotel Metropol is home. Unfortunately, the suite he has long been accustomed to is swapped for a very small room, many stories up, at the top of the hotel. Over the course of eight episodes, and several decades, we watch as his life changes inexorably, with the introduction of surprise, surveillance, comedy, catastrophe, and, most unexpectedly, love.

The fidelity to the novel, unspooled over each episode, is really quite something. As you might expect, that fidelity is best exhibited by the attention paid to the hotel. I’m not the only one who felt that way. I had a chance to ask Amor Towles, who is also an executive producer on the series, about his thoughts.

“When I visited the set in Manchester, England for the first time last March, I was a little anxious," he says. "I was met in the parking lot by Sam [Miller, a director and executive producer], Ben [Vanstone, writer] and the production designer, Victor Molero, who wanted to personally introduce me to the set. Entering the vast sound stage… we turned a corner and found ourselves before the façade of the Metropol. We passed through the revolving doors. And looking around the beautifully realized lobby, my first thought was: Everything is going to be just fine. ”

Who’s That in the Painting? Ben Blackall/Paramount+ with SHOWTIME A view of Count Rostov’s room in the Hotel Metropol, where a portrait of his sister—who plays a larger role in the novel—is on display.

In the book, Rostov carries regret over the death of his sister, which occurred while he was exiled from Russia after defending her honor in a duel. She, and her legacy, are also featured far more prominently within the pages. There are toasts on the anniversary of her death, frequent reminiscences and an unshakeable grip of guilt around Rostov’s heart. In the show, she is the stuff of indeterminate flashbacks and the subject of a painting which resides in Rostov’s room. "To have one’s book taken up by a large and talented team who share the aim of faithfully translating your story to a visual medium, that’s a whole different level of having a life beyond the binding," Towles says. "Needless to say, it was an exciting development."

A Color-Conscious Cast Ben Blackall/Paramount+ with SHOWTIME Lyes Salem as Andrey with Ewan McGregor in A Gentleman in Moscow.

The Metropol is peopled with a variety of characters who come in and out of Rostov’s life as time passes. In the series, they are brought to vivid life by a cast that reflects the world we live in more than the one of period Russia. This is most evident in three of the characters who enrich Count Rostov’s life at the Metropol: Fehinti Balogun who plays Rostov’s longtime friend Mishka, Marina as played by Leah Harvey and Andrey, touchingly brought to life by Lyès Salem.

Wait, He Still Has a Mustache? Ben Blackall/Paramount+ with SHOWTIME One different between A Gentleman in Moscow the book and its small-screen adaptation? The fate of the title character’s impressive mustache.

Early on in the book, Rostov is accosted in the barber shop and ends up having to cut his mustache as a result. Later, after being seated in the hotel restaurant, a young girl, Nina, the precocious daughter of a diplomat, approaches him and inquires after it. Nina’s acute perception, curiosity and possession of a skeleton key which opens any room in the Metropol bond the two together from that day forward. In the series, he has the whiskers when he meets Nina—but not for too long.

The Truth About Nina Ben Blackall/Paramount+ with SHOWTIME Ewan McGregor as Count Rostov and Alexa Goodall as Nina in A Gentleman in Moscow, streaming now on Showtime and Paramount+.

A gentleman in moscow.

The young girl with the skeleton key grows from a desire to share mischief to an intense love and trust for Rostov, even as she becomes increasingly pro-Stalin, which is definitely at odds with Rostov. In both the book and the series, Nina leaves her young daughter, Sofia, at the Metropol in order to follow her husband to Siberia, where he is sentenced to a labor camp. Like her mother before her, Sofia and the count became inseparable. Unlike the book, however, we find out explicitly what happened to Nina when we see her body in a mass grave. "Most of the texture of A Gentleman in Moscow springs from the marriage of my imagination with this 30-year interest in Russian culture," Towles says. "In fact, when I began writing the book, I had only been in Russia for a total of 10 days and had never spent the night in the Metropol Hotel. But once I finished the first draft, I flew to Russia and moved into the Metropol where I began the process of revision."

Whose Voice is That? Ben Blackall/Paramount+ with SHOWTIME Daniel Cerqueira as Vasily with Ewan McGregor in A Gentleman in Moscow, the new series based on Amor Towles’s novel.

The book is narrated by an omniscient narrator and peppered throughout with poems and transcripts. The show, however, is narrated by a woman’s voice. It isn’t until the tragic conclusion of the fifth episode that you find out it is a grown-up Sofia who is speaking.

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The Moscow Trials and the "Great Terror" of 1937-1938: What the Evidence Shows

Grover Furr July 31 2010

[To be added at the end of Part One of "Stalin and the Struggle for Democratic Reform" ]

Since my two-part essay "Stalin and the Struggle for Democratic Reform" was written in 2004-5, a great deal more evidence has been published concerning the Opposition, the Moscow Trials of 1936, 1937, and 1938, the Military Purges or "Tukhachevsky Affair", and the subsequent "Ezhovshchina", often called "the Great Terror" after the title of the extremely dishonest book by Robert Conquest first published in 1968.

The newly-available evidence confirms the following conclusions:

* The defendants at the Moscow Trials of August 1936, January 1937, and March 1938, were guilty of at least those crimes to which they confessed. A "bloc of Rights and Trotskyites" did indeed exist. It planned to assassinate Stalin, Kaganovich, Molotov, and others in a coup d’�tat , what they called a "palace coup" ( dvortsovyi perevorot ). The bloc did assassinate Kirov.

* Both Rights and Trotskyites were conspiring with the Germans and Japanese, as were the Military conspirators. If the "palace coup" did not work they hoped to come to power by showing loyalty to Germany or Japan in the event of an invasion.

* Trotsky too was directly conspiring with the Germans and Japanese, as were a number of his supporters.

* Nikolai Ezhov, head of the NKVD from 1936 to late 1938, was also conspiring with the Germans.

We now have much more evidence about the role of NKVD chief Nikolai Ezhov than we had in 2005. Ezhov, head of the NKVD (People’s Commissar for Internal Affairs), had his own conspiracy against the Soviet government and Party leadership. Ezhov had also been recruited by German intelligence.

Like the Rights and Trotskyites, Ezhov and his top NKVD men were counting on an invasion by Germany, Japan, or other major capitalist country. They tortured a great many innocent people into confessing to capital crimes so they would be shot. They executed a great many more on falsified grounds or no grounds at all.

Ezhov hoped that this mass murder of innocent people would turn large parts of the Soviet population against the government. That would create the basis for internal rebellions against the Soviet government when Germany or Japan attacked.

Ezhov lied to Stalin, the Party and government leaders about all this. The truly horrific mass executions of 1937-1938 of almost 680,000 people were in large part unjustifiable executions of innocent people carried out deliberately by Ezhov and his top men in order to sow discontent among the Soviet population.

Although Ezhov executed a very large number of innocent people, it is clear from the evidence now available that there were also real conspiracies. The Russian government continues to keep all but a tiny amount of the investigative materials top-secret. We can’t know for sure exactly the dimensions of the real conspiracies without that evidence. Therefore, we don’t know how many of these 680,000 people were actual conspirators and how many were innocent victims.

As I wrote in 2005, Stalin and the Party leadership began to suspect as early as October 1937 that some of the repression was done illegally. From early in 1938, when Pavel Postyshev was sharply criticized, then removed from the Central Committee, then expelled from the Party, tried and executed for mass unjustified repression, these suspicions grew.

When Lavrentii Beria was appointed as Ezhov’s second-in-command Ezhov and his men understood that Stalin and the Party leadership no longer trusted them. They made one last plot to assassinate Stalin at the November 7, 1938 celebration of the 21 st anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution. But Ezhov’s men were arrested in time.

Ezhov was persuaded to resign. An intensive investigation was begun and a huge number of NKVD abuses were uncovered. A great many cases of those tried or punished under Ezhov were reviewed. Over 100,000 people were released from prison and camps. Many NKVD men were arrested, confessed to torturing innocent people, tried and executed. Many more NKVD men were sentenced to prison or dismissed.

Under Beria the number of executions in 1938 and 1940 dropped to less than 1% of the number under Ezhov in 1937 and 1938, and many of those executed were NKVD men, including Ezhov himself, who were found guilty of massive unjustified repression and executions of innocent people.

Some of the most dramatic evidence published since 2005 are confessions of Ezhov and Mikhail Frinovsky, Ezhov’s second-in-command. I have put some of these on the Internet in both the original Russian and in English translation. We also have a great many more confessions and interrogations, mostly partial, of Ezhov, in which he makes many more confessions. These were published in 2007 in a semi-official account by Aleksei Pavliukov.

Anticommunist Scholars Hide the Truth

All "mainstream" – that is, anticommunist – and Trotskyist researchers falsely claim that there were no conspiracies. According to them, all the Moscow Trial defendants, all the military defendants, and all those tried and sentenced for espionage, conspiracy, sabotage, and other crimes, were innocent victims. Some claim that Stalin had planned to kill all these people because they might constitute a "Fifth Column" if the USSR were attacked. Other anticommunists prefer the explanation that Stalin just tried to terrorize the population into obedience.

This is an ideological, anticommunist stance masquerading as an historical conclusion. It is not based upon the historical evidence and is inconsistent with that evidence. Anticommunist historians ignore the primary source evidence available. They even ignore evidence in collections of documents that they themselves cite in their own works.

Why do the anticommunist "scholars", both in Russia and the West, ignore all this evidence? Why do they continue to promote the false notions that no conspiracies existed and that Stalin, not Ezhov, decided to execute hundreds of thousands of innocent people? The only possible explanation is that they do this for ideological reasons alone. The truth, as established by an examination of the primary source evidence, would make Stalin and the Bolsheviks "look good" to most people.

Collectivization of Agriculture Saved The World from Nazis and Japanese…

We have an example of this ideological bias in the way anticommunist scholars and writers treat the Bolshevik collectivization of agriculture. Anticommunists have long attacked it as immoral and unjustified. Yet collectivization provided the capital for the crash industrialization of the USSR. And only industrialization made a modern Red army possible.

Without a technologically-advanced modern army the Nazis would have conquered the USSR. Then, with the resources and manpower of the USSR and the rest of Europe behind them, the Nazis could have invaded the British Isles. Nazi armies would have been a far more formidable foe against all Allied powers. Meanwhile the Japanese, strengthened by the petroleum of the Soviet Far East, would have been a far more formidable enemy for the USA in the Pacific war.

Millions more Slavs and Jews – "Untermenschen" to the Nazis – and millions more Europeans and American soldiers – would have been killed. That this did not occur can be attributed, in large part, to the Soviet collectivization of agriculture. This is an obvious conclusion. There was simply no other way than by collectivizing agriculture that the USSR could have industrialized, and thus stood up to the Nazis and Japanese.

The only alternative was the one promoted by the Right and Trotskyite conspirators: to make peace with the Germans and Japanese, even if that meant granting them huge trade and territorial concessions. That would have greatly strengthened the Axis powers in their war against the U.K. and the USA.

For purely ideological reasons anticommunists cannot admit that collectivization made it possible for the Axis to be defeated.

… And So Did The Defeat of the Conspirators in 1936-1938

Whether they were able to seize political power through a "palace coup", or whether they would have to rely on a German and/or Japanese attack as they only way they might be able to overthrow the Stalin government, the Opposition conspirators were planning some kind of alliance with the Axis.

In fact they would have had no choice, as they realized themselves. A USSR weakened by internal revolt, with or without an invasion from abroad, would have had to make trade, territorial, and ideological concessions to its major potential adversaries simply in order to avoid invasion and inevitable conquest.

At a minimum, a USSR led by some combination of conspirators would have made treaties with Germany and Japan that would have provided the Axis powers with huge natural resources, possibly with manufactured goods as well. The military conspirators were contemplating going much farther than mere trade with the Axis. They were contemplating an outright military alliance with Germany. That would have meant millions more soldiers to fight alongside the German Wehrmacht.

Therefore, in foiling the machinations of the Rights, Trotsky and his supporters, and the Military conspirators, Stalin saved Europe from Naziism – again!

No doubt this is why anticommunist "scholars" insist, in the face of all the evidence, that there were no conspiracies in the USSR and no collaboration with the Germans and Japanese. Once again they refuse to admit these truths on purely ideological grounds because doing so would seem to justify Stalin’s actions.

Bukharin, Not Stalin, To Blame for the Massive Repressions

One interesting aspect of this is that Nikolai Bukharin, leading name among the Rightists and one of its leaders, knew about the "Ezhovshchina" as it was happening, and praised it in a letter to Stalin that he wrote from prison.

It gets even better. Bukharin knew that Ezhov was a member of the Rightist conspiracy, as he himself was. No doubt that is why he welcomed Ezhov's appointment as head of the NKVD -- a view recorded by his widow in her memoirs.

In his first confession, in his now-famous letter to Stalin of December 10, 1937, and at his trial in March 1938 Bukharin claimed he had completely "disarmed" and had told everything he knew. But now we can prove that this was a lie. Bukharin knew that Ezhov was a leading member of the Rightist conspiracy -- but did not inform on him. According to Mikhail Frinovsky, Ezhov's right-hand man, Ezhov probably promised to see that he would not be executed if he did not mention his own, Ezhov's, participation (see Frinovsky's confession of April 11, 1939 ).

If Bukharin had told the truth -- if he had, in fact, informed on Ezhov -- Ezhov's mass murders could have been stopped in their tracks. The lives of hundreds of thousands of innocent people could have been saved.

But Bukharin remained true to his fellow conspirators. He went to execution -- an execution he swore he deserved "ten times over" * -- without revealing Ezhov's participation in the conspiracy.

This point cannot be stressed too much: the blood of the hundreds of thousands of innocent persons slaughtered by Ezhov and his men during 1937-1938, are on Bukharin's hands.

Objectivity and Evidence

I agree with historian Geoffrey Roberts when he says:

In the last 15 years or so an enormous amount of new material on Stalin … has become available from Russian archives. I should make clear that as a historian I have a strong orientation to telling the truth about the past, no matter how uncomfortable or unpalatable the conclusions may be. … I don’t think there is a dilemma: you just tell the truth as you see it. ("Stalin’s Wars", Frontpagemag.com February 12, 2007. At http://hnn.us/roundup/entries/35305.html )

The conclusions I have reached about the "Ezhovshchina" will be unacceptable to ideologically-motivated people. I have not reached these conclusions out of any desire to "apologize" for the policies of Stalin or the Soviet government. I believe these to be the only objective conclusions possible based on the available evidence.

I make no claim that the Soviet leadership was free from error. Stalin’s vision of a socialism leading to communism was obviously faulty in that it did not come to pass. During Stalin’s time, as during the short period of Lenin’s leadership, the Soviets made a great many errors. Error is, of course, inevitable in all human endeavor. And since the Bolsheviks were the first communists to conquer and hold state power, they were in unknown waters. It was inevitable, therefore, that they would make a great many mistakes – and they did.

However, any objective study of the evidence and the historical record shows that there was simply no alternative to forced collectivization and industrialization – except defeat at the hands of some combination of capitalist powers. Likewise, the fact that the Right, Trotskyite, and Military conspiracies really did exist but were snuffed out by the Soviet leadership, which managed to out-maneuver Ezhov and foil his conspiracy as well, proves that once again the USSR – "Stalin" – saved Europe from Naziism and all the Allies from an immense number of additional casualties at the hands of the Axis powers.

* Bukharin's two appeals for clemency, both dated March 13, 1938, were reprinted in Izvestiia September 2, 1992, p. 3. They were rejected, and Bukharin was executed on March 15, 1938. I have put them online in English here.

Additional Bibliography

Ezhov’s interrogations: I have translated all of Ezhov’s interrogations available to me as of July 2010 and put them online here:

http://msuweb.montclair.edu/~furrg/research/ezhovinterrogs.html (Russian original: http://msuweb.montclair.edu/~furrg/research/ezhovpokazaniia.html )

Lubianka. Stalin I NKVD – NKGB – GUKR "SMERSH". 1939 – mart 1946 . Moscow, 2006.

• Frinovsky confession of April 11, 1939, pp. 33-50. http://msuweb.montclair.edu/~furrg/research/frinovskyeng.html (Russian original here: http://msuweb.montclair.edu/~furrg/research/frinovskyru.html )
• Ezhov confession of April 26, 1939, pp. 52-72. http://msuweb.montclair.edu/~furrg/research/ezhov042639eng.html (Russian original: http://msuweb.montclair.edu/~furrg/research/ezhovru.html )

Petrov, Nikita, Mark Jansen. "Stalinskii pitomets" – Nikolai Ezhov . Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2008, pp. 367-379.

• Ezhov confession of August 4, 1939. http://msuweb.montclair.edu/~furrg/research/ezhov080439eng.html (Russian original: http://msuweb.montclair.edu/~furrg/research/ezhov080439ru.html )

Furr, Grover and Vladimir L. Bobrov, "Bukharin's Last Plea: Yet Another Anti-Stalin Falsification." http://msuweb.montclair.edu/~furrg/research/bukhlastplea.html - translation of Russian original published in Aktual’naia Istoriia for February 2009 at http://actualhistory.ru/bukharin_last_plea

Furr, Grover and Vladimir L. Bobrov, "Nikolai Bukharin's First Statement of Confession in the Lubianka" in English translation, Cultural Logic 2007 - http://clogic.eserver.org/2007/Furr_Bobrov.pdf

Furr, Grover and Vladimir L. Bobrov, "Pervye priznatel'nye pokazaniia N.I. Bukharina na Lubianke." Klio No. 1 (2007). http://msuweb.montclair.edu/~furrg/research/furrnbobrov_klio0107.pdf

Furr, Grover and Vladimir L. Bobrov, eds. "Lichnye pokazaniia N. Bukharina." Klio (St. Petersburg), No. 1 (2007). http://msuweb.montclair.edu/~furrg/research/furrnbobrov_klio0107.pdf

Furr, Grover. "Evidence of Leon Trotsky's Collaboration with Germany and Japan." In Cultural Logic for 2009. http://clogic.eserver.org/2009/Furr.pdf

Holmstr�m, Sven-Eric. "New Evidence Concerning the 'Hotel Bristol' Question in the First Moscow Trial of 1936". Cultural Logic 2008. At http://clogic.eserver.org/2008/Holmstrom.pdf

Furr, Grover.Khrushchev Lied: The Evidence That Every "Revelation" of Stalin's (and Beria's) Crimes in Nikita Khrushchev's Infamous "Secret Speech" to the 20th Party Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on February 25, 1956, is Provably False. Kettering, OH: Erythros Press & Media LLC, 2011. At Amazon.com ; at Erythros Press & Media : at Abebooks.com ; at Abebooks.co.uk (United Kingdom)

Furr (‘Ferr’), Grover Antistalinskaia podlost’ ("Anti-Stalin Villanies"). Moscow: Algoritm, 2007. Home page: http://www.algoritm-kniga.ru/ferr-g.-antistalinskaya-podlost.html Brief summary in this interview: "The Sixty-One Untruths of Nikita Khrushchev" (Interview with Grover Furr). http://msuweb.montclair.edu/~furrg/research/litrossiainterv0608_eng.html (original here: http://www.litrossia.ru/article.php?article=3003 )

Pavliukov, Aleksei. Ezhov. Moscow: Zakharov, 2007.