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Anyone heard of tours through Backyard Travel? - Bangkok Forum

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Anyone heard of tours through Backyard Travel?

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I've been planning private tours for my husband and I through an agency called Backyard Travel (found them through Vayable.com), but can't find any reviews for them anywhere but their own sites. I'm wondering if anyone here has used them and what their experiences were, or if anyone had any recommendations for other private tour agencies.

Any information would be helpful!

Many thanks in advance

Te han comentado algo acerca de la agencia ??

Estoy planificando un viaje a japon

We are planning a trip to Indonesia in June with Backyard Travel, and were pleased to read your review. Great suggestion regarding not needing a guide on the long train ride! Any other words of wisdom you might have? Did you go to Mt Bromo? We've heard that it is quite touristy and wonder if it is worth the cost in terms of $ and time. Any "must sees" or "consider missing"?

Anything you could suggest would be appreciated.

I am also curious to know how your trip to Myanmar went. We are currently booking with Backyard Travel for September 2015. So far they have been amazing. I am also anxious about sending money to an unknown entity. I would appreciate your response. Many thanks. Lois

Can you pay with a credit card? That could help with financial protection if booking with a company overseas, if they don't have any clear financial protection in place for people from your country.

I just found this thread after looking them up. I'm curious as never heard of them till I just randomly* came across an advertisement online. I'm amazed that they started in 2011 or 2012 yet they have 54,000 likes on Facebook!.

*I run a specialist tour operator in the UK with our own operations in Thailand and some other countries (I don't mention name of this company on tripadvisor)

**We have about 400 in many more years albeit most are customers. I don't see how one gets there even with amazing Facebook marketing skills, without maybe 'buying likes'.

In response to Dee - the payment system is via credit card, which I have already done. Gulp. I also noticed the huge facebook following - and have no doubt that the 'likes' were bought. I see they are also quite active on twitter. It is with a huge leap of faith that I have confirmed this booking with a deposit. I pray that it has a happy ending.

How did it go with Backyard travel for your tour of Indonesia. I just found them on the internet and curious of your experience. Many thanks!

Hi! I am planning a trip to Bali with them.

I also paid the first part of the trip but I have some question.

Did they send you the voucher of the hotels,we asked for them but they told us that everything is booked.

In addition they have never asked us to sign a formal agreement for the trip, did you sign anything?

They seem really professional, they have been really cute with us but, you know, before paying all the trip I would be sure that everything is fine!

Thank you in advance for hating with me your experience

I have never tried Backyard Travel, but I have just applied for a job there here in Toronto.

I applied through Indeed and it seemed legitimate until I got a sketchy call from someone that didn't sound professional at all. Instead of an interview, they wanted to hire me on a probationary period for 5 days handling their billing. I would have to use my own personal bank account and then transfer it through a bitcoin system.

Who hires people on a probationary period with their finances? Secondly, the post is no longer available on Indeed.ca, and thirdly I would not send my health card, photo id or passport without having received a face to face interview.

Everything about this company smells like a scam. I really hope I'm wrong since there are people who are interested in their services and perhaps have already paid.

There's just not enough information to be found by this company online.

I have decided not to continue with this job application since it just sounds fishy.

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Backyard Travel Review – Laos (reviews)

Last Updated on March 17, 2023 by PowersToTravel

I had already selected Backyard Travel for our Cambodia portion of our 65-day Southeast Asia Odyssey, so it was easy to carefully consider and select Backyard Travel for the Laos portion as well.

We settled on the  “Traverse Laos”  itinerary, adding in a three day detour to the Plain of Jars. I selected a travel agency because I saw Laos as a medical risk for myself, read that public transportation was not high-quality, and also had read stories of danger from armed robbery on the road between Luang Prabang and Vientiane.

Laos was the least comfortable, least happy, part of our 65-day trip in Southeast Asia.

In late December it rained a lot, unexpectedly, and was cold, also unexpectedly. Luang Prabang is in the mountains so I suppose when the weather gets bad, it’s not like being on the plains of Bagan!

The roads were bad and windy. I was not prepared for the impact of car-sickness, which I thought I had much overcome these past few years.

I highlight these problems to say that I know of course that the agency is not responsible for the weather, but they are responsible to communicate the nature of the roads, especially when we had requested the addition of the Plain of Jars, so we had not read about the nature of that road trip on their Traverse Laos page. A lesson learned is that I now Google “carsickness <country>” whenever I consider a travel destination, and I now plan medically to handle car-sickness. See my article Coping with Motion Sickness to learn more.

Our guide in Luang Prabang who also took us on the cross-country jaunt to Phonsavon and Vang Vieng seemed to be less in touch with us and our interests, and more “canned” in his approach than any of the other guides we encountered in Southeast Asia.

We were forced to listen to long lectures about the Buddhist stories depicted on the temples. We really did wanted to see the temples and art, and hear some of the stories, but our interest would flag and we would figit, and he would seem insulted when we tried to wander away or take photographs in other directions, rather than see that we wanted to see more or different, or take pictures from different angles. He seemed to have a detailed prescribed list of things to show and do, and weather, our comfort or our interests weren’t about to get in the way of his plan. That said, in many other ways he was a considerate person, holding the umbrella over my head as I tried to take pictures at the waterfall, and was very communicative, teaching us the culture and history.

The car provided by the agency was small – a Chevy Cruze. It carried the driver, of course, the guide, Greg and I, as well as all the luggage. Our luggage filled the entire trunk when they picked us up at the airport. When it came time to travel to Phonsavon we were amazed that they brought the same small car to fit their luggage as well. I don’t know how that trunk closed each time.

The Chevy did not handle the windy roads well. I would try to zone out and dream of the van we had in Thailand, the Saloon Car in Myanmar, or the large SUV in Cambodia. We don’t know whether the smaller, less comfortable Chevy was typical of tourism in Laos, or whether we had chosen a too-cheap agency. The car had no cup-holders in the back, nor lumbar support in the rear seat backs nor ventilation controls in the rear. It just wasn’t a car for sitting in the backseat for 6 hours!

Many of the agencies we have engaged over the years have personally called us during the trip to ensure our happiness. We used Backyard Travel in Cambodia, and were quite happy in Cambodia, and I gave them an excellent review in spite of not being in contact with us during the trip. However, here in Laos we weren’t as happy, and we didn’t receive any personal contact. It’s hard to tell a guide you aren’t happy and want to speak with his “boss.” It’s so much easier to tell the “boss” directly when he or she calls you on the phone to ask you how you are, as happened to us in Morocco.

After the first few days of this car in Luang Prabang we requested a larger car for the drive to Phonsavon from our guide, but he said that the Cruze was all they had. If we or Backyard Travel had engaged another operator in Laos would we have gotten a better car? We don’t know.

Our day trip out to Kuangsi Waterfalls, and the drive from Luang Prabang to Phonsavon were torture to a person who suffers from car-sickness. I had brought along my Sea-Bands, but even they couldn’t stop the nausea.

Many might say that I should have been better prepared, investigated more, considering that Laos is a mountainous country. The simple answer is that I felt that my motion-sickness had been lessening over the years, my Sea-Bands had been stepping in and filling the gap. I’d been concentrating more on my diabetic needs, and worries about Dengue Fever. The reality is that the swooping, curving jungle mountain side roads are very intense.

I almost totally rebelled in Phonsavon when I heard there was an airport with airplanes that could take us onward to Vientiane without having to backtrack along roads I knew were torture to my stomach. I was this close to booking plane tickets, but the Internet was so bad at Phonsavon I couldn’t access the ticket sites!

I am so glad I didn’t rebel because that next day’s drive back and onward to Vang Vieng, torturous as it was to my stomach, was actually the most enlightening and entertaining day in the country. Watching the children at the side of the road as they tied a string to a bat and let it fly around, like a toy, was disconcerting. Seeing the high value they placed on their crop and lesser value on their own living space was enlightening to say the least. We were allowed to participate in a local festival we happened to wander past.

Many of you who read this, and who don’t suffer from car-sickness might say that Laos was your favorite destination in Southeast Asia. I know, because many we met in our travels have told us this.

The hotels arranged by the agency were superior: Maison Dalabua in Luang Prabang, Vansana in Phonsavon / Plain of Jars, Inthira in Vang Vieng and Ansara Hotel in Vientiane. All were comfortable, exotic even, well-located for walking into the town center (except for Vansana, but there’s not much to the town center there!)

Our guide, San, short for Varasan, in Vientiane was amazing and wonderful and we were so sorry we were only with him one day. He was a former monk, now married with a child. He gave us an eye-opening peak into growing up in a monastery, going to University and moving on in his Laotian world. He showed us the That Luang temple complex and surprised us by saying that he had spent quite a number of years there as a novice. He told us stories of the young novices sneaking out at night to eat the food gifts left behind by the devoted.

For us, the less-than-stellar aspects of the on-the-ground agency in Laos: inflexible guide, poor car, and the missing Backyard Travel pre-trip communication about the roads, and missing during-the-trip communication, has not meant we would not consider Backyard Travel on our next Asian destination; it has meant that I need to be more forward thinking in my agency selection analysis: “What kind of car will we be given?” “What is the nature of the roads?” “I get car-sick – is there anything I should be concerned about?”

As I write this review, I am even more motivated to write about the individual locations and activities we experienced in Laos. Not all were accompanied by rain, cold and windy roads! And when they weren’t, oh, how amazing Laos was.

By the way, we learned that the country is Lao, not Laos. The language is Lao, not Laoian. The people are Lao, not Laoians.

We simply learned to say “Lao”: “Lao is Wow!”

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The Power of Backyard Travel: How Travelling Where You Live Can Broaden Your World

Posted on Last updated: April 16, 2020

Over the last years, the world we live in has changed a lot. I personally feel there is a lot more fear (even when we say we don’t give into it) and a lot more communities that question other people they share their space with. But luckily, there are also a lot of people that want to resist this fear-mongering and continue to accept and appreciate the way other people live, love, and believe.

In this article, I discovered that no matter where you live in the world, there is something special to be found in your own country, your own city, your own neighbourhood. Just just have to open your senses and develop the determination to find unique experiences around you.

Broaden Your World

In the current state of the world, many people around the world feel unheard and alienated. Communities stand more and more opposite each other, rather than next to each other, and we look at our neighbours differently, whether we like it or not.

Some influential people in our society want us to question the people we share our space with. They don’t want to accept the way other people live, love and believe.

But luckily, most of us resist.

One of the easiest ways to resist this fear-mongering culture is, besides participating in marches and protests, to get to know your own country more in-depth. To get to know and understand the people you meet on a day-to-day basis. To celebrate exactly those things that make us different. To share experiences and promote a greater understanding of each other and spread a message of acceptance, love, human empathy and connection.

Looking for inspirational travel quotes? Have a look at this list of best Paulo Coelho quotes on life >>

Meaningful Backyard Travel

Not everyone has the means or the ambition to travel the world, let alone the rest of the universe, but getting to know the people you share your space with can be done by just stepping out of your front door.

Here are 5 ways you can explore your own backyard that will broaden your world:

1 – Be Curious

Just as when you’re travelling outside familiar places, asking questions and avoiding routine are one of the easiest ways to get to know a destination. Why do you always visit a certain neighbourhood? Why do you take the same way home each day? Why do you alway have the same lunch? Make the effort to understand more about your behaviour and the immediate world around you and you’ll be surprised at what you can find. Don’t forget to search for unexplored viewpoints, local hiking trails and buildings you can publicly access.

2 – Visit Local Events

Browse through local magazines and newspapers to find local festivals and events in your hometown. From farmers’ markets to special exhibitions and from arts festivals to open house days, you’ll be surprised how much is being organised every month! Perhaps there is even some volunteering you can do to meet your neighbours?

3 – Discover Through Food

Discover your neighborhood’s latest pop-ups, cafés and restaurants, or bring home produce that you’ve never cooked with before and learn more about different world cuisines that way. Food is one of the best ways to learn about other destinations without having to move very far, it brings back memories and feed your wanderlust for the future at the same time.

4 – Get Into Nature

Even when you live in a dense city, chances are there is some green not to far from where you currently are. Find fresh air and some quiet time in and around a local park, reserve, river, pond or lake, wood or even local beach. If you’re look to meet other people, see if there are any running groups or yoga classes being organised outdoors.

5 – Take Photos or Draw

When you really want to get to know a place, stop and take the time to really look at it. When taking photos, or even better, when you draw something, you focus on the details that are otherwise so easily overlooked. Ask your neighbours, friends, family and (local) bloggers or Instagrammers for recommendations on where to explore next. We all see the world around us from another perspective, so chances are they know an interesting place that you haven’t been before.

Adopt a traveler’s mindset and remember that no matter where you live, there is something special to be found. Don’t be afraid to do things differently and have the determination to find positivity and happiness around you. Let us know: have you already started to explore your backyard? What did you discover?

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Backyard Travel

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Welcome to backland, a luxury eco-resort near the majestic grand canyon.  experience the serenity of northern arizona's backcountry. completely surrounded by miles of ponderosa pine forests, our exclusive tents, chef prepared meals and secluded location completely redefine the concept of glamping., as seen in:.

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16' wide panoramic windows let you take in the view from the comfort of your tent

Fully insulated and energy efficient with high efficiency AC and heat that keeps you comfortable, no matter the weather 

Huge glass skylights let you stargaze from the comfort of your king size bed (skyview tents only)

Custom tensioned canvas stays taut and doesn't flap in the wind

Private luxury ensuite baths mean you only leave your tent when you want to

75+ foot separation and sound dampening insulation provide extra privacy for you, and your neighbors.

Parking provided right by your tent

Standard Glamping Tent

When the tent is closed up for the night, all you see is canvas

Not insulated at all, freezing when its cold, boiling when its hot. Attempts to heat or cool are ineffective and waste energy

You can't see the stars from inside the tent

Can be difficult to sleep when its windy due to noisy flapping canvas

Venturing out into the dark to the communal bathroom a stranger just used is never fun

Often spaced close together, you are really only separated from your neighbors by a few layers of fabric. You never know what you might hear.

You may need to lug your bags down a long path

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Dine by the fireplace in our glass-walled restaurant or take your meal outside on our covered beachside patio.

Start your day off right with our complimentary continental breakfast that includes fresh fruit, yogurt parfaits, crepes, pastries, and more.

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Take a private guided tour of the Grand Canyon or take advantage of miles of gorgeous hiking trails in the national forest surrounding Backland. The resort is a 15-minute scenic detour off the most common routes to the Grand Canyon. We are 20 minutes from Williams, Arizona, 40 minutes from Flagstaff, and 90 minutes from Sedona. From mountain coasters to wildlife parks, there is no shortage of local adventures.

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The 8 Best Hammocks of 2024, Tested and Reviewed

For backpacking, backyard lounging, and all types of outdoor relaxation, check out the best hammocks.

In This Article

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Travel + Leisure / Jodi Espinosa

The best hammocks are perfectly portable ways to ensure you always have a place to kick back and relax. We tested over 21 hammocks and found lightweight favorites for camping, the comfiest loungers to add to your backyard, the best buys fit for two, and much more.

There are many great hammock options out there. Some can be hung in a handful of minutes using straps and sturdy trees, while standalone hammocks may require a separate frame purchase. To choose the perfect one for you, consider factors like weight limits, weather resistance, and how easy the hammocks are to set up and pack away. We’ve included the rundown on each winner below.

Best Overall

Kootek camping hammock.

• Ease of Use 5 /5
• Comfort 4 /5
• Quality 5 /5

This versatile hammock is comfortable and easy to slip into carry-ons or backpacks.

The nylon material can feel a bit stuffy on very hot days.

Number one on our list is the straightforward Kootek Camping Hammock. Weighing less than a pound and coming with a thin drawstring stuff sack, this hammock is one of the easiest out there for packing into hiking bags or carry-on suitcases . Setup was just as hassle-free as packing thanks to adjustable straps and simple carabiner attachments that allow you to hang it from a wide range of tree sizes without causing damage. During our testing, outdoor enthusiasts with a range of different body shapes and sizes found it comfortable to lounge in the Kootek, which can hold an impressive 500 pounds. We love that a storage bag is attached to the side of a hammock so we could use it as a pocket while lounging and didn’t have to worry about misplacing anything. Also used in parachutes, the durable nylon material is resistant to dirt and tearing, though we did wish it was a bit more breathable on particularly hot days. On top of everything else, this easy-to-use hammock comes in 17 colors ranging from olive green to fuchsia — and at a competitive price to boot.

The Details: Nylon, parachute material | 118.1 x 78.7 inches | 1.8 pounds | 500-pound weight limit

Travel + Leisure / George Hilton III

Best Overall, Runner-up

Wise owl outfitters camping hammock.

• Comfort 5 /5

The durable material is tough enough for all of your outdoor adventures.

It’s similar to our best overall winner, but comes at a higher price and lower weight limit.

Weighing only 24 ounces, this packable hammock folds down to the size of an eggplant and can be easily slipped into a backpack or duffle bag. The single hammock stretches 9 feet long, giving ample room to stretch, and is composed of 210 threads of rip-resistant nylon. It comes with all the straps and hooks you need to hang it in just a handful of minutes, and we were surprised by how supportive it felt given its light weight. We also loved that it was easy to get in and out of and comes with a storage bag that doubles as a pocket when in use. A variety of fresh and bright colors are available.

The Details: Nylon | 120 x 78 inches | 1.5 pounds | 400-pound weight limit

Travel + Leisure / Jodi Espinosa

Most Comfortable

Yellow leaf handwoven hammock.

It comfortably fits two people.

Straps are not included with the hammock.

If you’re looking for a hammock that reminds you of the soft feel of Egyptian cotton and fresh linen, this Yellow Leaf hammock is a must. We love that the delicate yarn it’s sewn with is strong enough to support the weight of two people and avoids any wobbling. Once it was set up, the breathable build allowed us to take advantage of breezy weather. In addition to being super soft, the material is resistant to mold and mildew, and the delicate strands won’t fade in the sun. However, we do wish straps were included with this hammock. If you don’t already have a pair to go along with this lightweight pick, we suggest MalloMe’s extra-large set to give you plenty of hanging options.

The Details: Acrylic | 108 x 72 inches | 1.8 pounds | 400-pound weight limit

Travel + Leisure / Dera Burreson

Best Freestanding

Vivere double sunbrella hammock.

• Comfort 3 /5

The heavy-duty stand is easy to assemble and durable.

It’s better as a backyard fixture than something to take on the road.

Beautiful in a minimalist way, this hammock is perfect for backyards and outdoor vacations. We were able to assemble the heavy-duty steel stand in minutes, and it supports up to 450 pounds. A blend of cotton and polyester creates the perfect combination for comfortable coolness and weather- and fade-resistance. The Sunbrella material — which is available in a multitude of colors — makes us confident the stylish look will last. Although it does come with a convenient storage bag and was super easy for us to disassemble, this hammock is a bit too hefty if you’re packing light.

The Details: Fabric | 94 x 63 inches | 450-pound weight limit

Travel + Leisure / Laura Miller

Best At-home

Original pawleys island duracord rope hammock.

 Amazon

• Comfort 4.5 /5

It has a classic look and comfortable, durable feel.

It needs to be pulled very tightly to avoid sinking, and it doesn’t come with a stand.

The Pawleys Island Hammock has a classic rope design that’s perfect for enjoying the breeze in the comfort of your own yard. It checked all the boxes for us during testing, with a supportive feel, roomy size, and high-quality materials that we expect to last for the long run. Duracorde rope ensures minimal stretching and the comfort of cotton with the strength of polyester, and the spreader bar is made of real oak. Keep in mind that you need at least 13 feet for it to be properly stretched out, and you’ll have to buy a hammock stand separately.

The Details: Duracord | 156 x 55 inches | 450-pound weight limit

Travel + Leisure / Kate Donovan

Best Chair-style

Y- stop hammock chair hanging.

• Ease of Use 4.5 /5

The minimalist design makes it perfect for small spaces.

You need to find a sturdy branch or another reliable base to hang it from.

If gently rocking in an upright position is more of your outdoor-sitting style, you’ll love the Y-stop Chair Hammock. Once we found a sturdy tree branch at our local park, it only took seconds to hang the seat up by its S hook. Anti-slip grooves on each side ensure maximum stability, while side pockets serve as perfect resting spots for electronic accessories, snacks, water bottles, or books. The quality of all the materials impressed us, and we loved how easy it was to move with the included carrying case.

The Details: Polyester, cotton | 53 x 38 inches | 3.5 pounds | 500-pound weight limit

Travel + Leisure / Katrina Cossey

Best for Backpacking

Hennessy hammock expedition asym zip hammock.

• Ease of Use 4 /5

It has excellent ventilation and comes with must-haves like a mosquito net.

It only fits one person and has a low weight limit.

For those who prefer to spend their nights in nature instead of an apartment or home, the Hennessy Hammock provides ultimate protection and comfort. Composed of waterproof polyester to keep you dry and special no-see-um mesh to prevent pesky mosquitoes, this is a cozy and comfortable environment you can take anywhere. Wind deflector technology helps to fight frigid chills or hot air, and a rainfly is included for inclement weather. The only downfall of this is it can only fit one person, and we know that a lot of nature lovers like to share their adventures with a partner.

The Details: Polyester no-see-um mesh/oxford nylon | 100 x 48 inches | 2.8 pounds | 250-pound weight limit

Best Dual-use

Lawson hammock blue ridge camping hammock.

It’s great for all terrains.

It will sag when hanging.

If you’re looking for the best bang for your buck, we strongly recommend this hammock that also doubles as a tent. Designed for all types of camping, minimal cocooning ensures you will get the best night’s sleep or be able to view the perfect sunset in comfort. A detachable rainfly and bug netting make it ideal for tropical climates, and its ability to connect to any tree or be pitched on the ground thanks to waterproof fabric makes it perfect for many terrains. While it can support up to 275 pounds, it is known to hang closer to the ground when set up. Still, from the fabric to the netting and poles, all of the materials seemed to be of the highest quality, and the light, compact design is perfect for throwing in a backpack.

The Details: Nylon | 90 x 42 x 42 inches | 4.3 pounds | 275-pound weight limit

Travel + Leisure / Kady Wohlfarth

Other Hammocks We Liked

Eno Double Nest Hammock : This hammock ranked high for us in terms of sturdiness and setup. Unfortunately, the straps are sold separately, a downfall similar hammocks we tested don’t have.

Travel + Leisure / Jessica Mahgerefteh

Sunnydaze Striped Rope Hammock With Stand : This hammock ranked high for us in terms of accessibility and ease of setup. However, it did not pass our durability standards. We found it difficult to get in the hammock, and we don’t think the material has enough support.

The T+L team tested 21 hammocks to find the best for every outdoor need. We set them up in various settings from local parks, campsites, national forests, and the comfort of our backyard decks. We practiced sleeping in them from quick cat naps to longer periods of sleep and invited our partners to snuggle with us to test durability and space. With size, weight, comfort, ease of setup, and price in mind, the most comfortable hammocks in our testing options were selected for this roundup.

Tips for Buying a Hammock

Look for durability and weather resistance.

When searching for a hammock, it’s important to consider general durability and how it will withstand the weather. While materials such as stitching rope or organic cotton can be comfortable, they don’t hold up to natural elements well. In warmer weather, materials like mesh can provide moisture-wicking and help ward off mosquitos.

Think about the attributes of different materials

Every material has its own benefits. You will want to consider factors such as ventilation, strength, irritability to the skin, and environmental factors. For example, polyester hammocks are great for more humid and tropical climates as they are less vulnerable to mold and mildew. Cotton hammocks are great for sleeping or long periods of rest as they mimic traditional bed sheets, but the material is one of the poorest for handling moisture. Considering your environment and the experience you want to have while resting in your hammock is key to picking the right one for yourself.

Don’t forget about packability and measurements

While we all want to relax in comfort, size and weight are also options that need to be considered when selecting a hammock. You want to check travel restrictions in airports, as some hammocks can be cleared in carry-ons while others will need to be checked. You’ll also want to consider if your hammocks need additional accessories such as straps or poles to hang, as carrying large items may not be ideal while you’re hiking in the woods or trekking up a mountain, and a muddy terrain may not be the sturdiest for a hammock that requires poles. Most importantly, you will want to consider measurements — can it fit in your duffle back or backpack? Will it be long enough to set up between two trees? Always consider the ease of access when selecting your hammock.

A hammock can be hung in multiple ways. To set up many portable hammocks, you’ll start by locating the trees, poles, or structure that you’ll be hanging the hammock on and making sure the distance is correct, typically between 10 to 14 feet apart. It should be long enough that the hammock can be hung with a bit of slack, but not so loose that it will touch the ground when your weight is added to it. You will then wrap one of the straps around the anchor point, feed the loop of the hammock, and secure it. You will repeat this process for the other side and then clip on the hammock. However, each hammock is different and instructions should always be consulted before assembly and use.

Hammocks are not limited only to the outdoors. A few things to consider when looking for an indoor hammock are space and anchor points. Most hammocks require 10 to 14 feet of distance to be hung properly, so you may want to consider a sitting hammock as we mentioned above. Anchor points are also extremely important. You want to make sure you tie your hammock to something that can support your weight, so ensure your hammock includes a stand or you have a strong enough base in your home.

Some studies have shown that sleeping in a hammock allows the body to pursue a more natural sleep position, thus relieving some of the stress from pressure points. However, lying in a hammock isn’t for everyone. If you already have back issues, it’s best to talk to your doctor about the specific hammock you plan to use before making any decisions about its safety.

Why Trust Travel + Leisure

Náosha Gregg is a freelance writer from Brooklyn, NY. She has slept on every surface during her travels from cabin bunk beds to car seats and mountain grass, and can vouch that hammocks are by far the better option.

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Age Range:  50+

Average Tour Price:    $2,000-$4,000

Average Tour Duration:  8-13 days

Group size:  Small groups for immersive experiences

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Until Covid clears, I would steer clear of Backroads. We were partially through their June 2020 Costa Rica tour when a guest tested Covid positive. She and her hus...

We just completed the biking/hiking trip in Maine

We just completed the biking/hiking trip in Maine. Our trip leaders Liz, Mariah, and Josh provided exceptional service for us. They were well versed on the histor...

Jennifer C.

My whole life is changed because of this experience

My whole life is changed because of this experience. I've just been home for an hour or so, and have already emailed everyone I know to tell them to get on the Backr...

insanely good

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This has been a wonderful, memorable experience

You have an excellent company and excellent employees. I have been t...

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Back-roads quick facts.

Age Range: 50+

Average Tour Price:   $2,000-$4,000

Average Tour Duration: 8-13 days

Group size: Small groups for immersive experiences

Travel Style : Focused on cultural immersion and sightseeing

Back-Roads Touring, rebranded as Blue-Roads in November 2018 for the North American market. They are dedicated to providing off the beaten path experiences for true cultural immersion .

What Makes Back-Roads (Blue-Roads) Stand Out?

• Slow travel
• Small group tours
• Expert guides

Blue-Roads strives to provide meaningful experiences that go deeper than the typical tourist routes to the heart of the destination. Travelers can expect to take their trip at their own pace so they can really see and experience all the destination has to offer. You’ll truly get the opportunity to talk with locals, taste traditional food and see the culture from an immersed point of view.

Group sizes stay small , no more than 18 travelers. These smaller groups allow for travelers to go on the paths less taken and have truly authentic experiences. Each group is led by a guide who has extensive local knowledge and connections. Touring with them is like visiting a good friend who can’t wait to show you the best hidden gems and introduce you to their culture and history .

Who Will Enjoy Traveling With Back-Roads?

• Cultural enthusiasts
• History buffs

Back-Roads travelers are passionate about experiencing new and exciting cultures while they travel. These travelers want to feed their curiosity of a destination by going to places less traveled, talking with locals and trying new things. Learn traditions of the local people, hear stories, learn recipes and make lifelong memories.

Traveling with Back-Roads includes a lot of sightseeing. Travelers who enjoy seeing temples, historical buildings as well as iconic natural landmarks . You don’t mind riding in a car to get to each new destination because sightseeing and learning insider knowledge is what you love to do.

The age range often skews a bit older - catering to active and adventurous 50+ travelers eager for a relaxing yet invigorating trip. However travelers anywhere from the mid 30s and above will enjoy traveling with them. Especially if you’re the type of traveler for whom the more party-focused companies that serve the 18-30 range are not appealing.

Top Destinations

Back-Roads offers itineraries around the world, though they are especially well known for UK and Europe travel . You can find trips throughout the UK, Ireland , Europe - including the Nordic and Baltic countries . They also provide Asia tours , primarily in the southeast to Thailand , Vietnam , and Cambodia .

Back-Roads Travel Style

Tours take the form of small groups , and the activities range from easy walks or hikes to visits to cultural and historical sites . They offer a few broad themes, such as battlefield tours, culinary tours , sailing tours, history tours, and nature tours . 

Accommodations with Back-Roads are handpicked and generally in local and traditional hotels or guest houses. These usually have stairs, and are sometimes old buildings - you may encounter funky showers and not have the luxury of an elevator. They advise that you should be able to carry your luggage up and down flights of stairs. 

Back-Roads is perfect for you if you don’t mind forgoing a few luxuries if it means having more character and local charm to your accommodations.

When commuting from place to place, travelers have multiple options. They can travel in their own vehicle or ride in a Back-Road’s luxury mini-coach, yacht, barge, train, gulet boat or internal flight.

Why Back-Roads?

The small group tour experience is at its best with companies like Back-Roads. They provide top notch customer service and guides, dedicated to showing you the best of what a country has to offer. For travelers who want a chance to experience a new place through local eyes, as well as learn the history and enjoy good food and company - within a wide age range - Back-Roads is a great choice.

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About the company.

Discover the world of active vacations with Backroads. Backroads travel offers engaging trips from bike tours, walking tours and the best family vacations along the back roads. Find the perfect cycling holiday or hiking vacation at Backroads.com. Our Backroads tours range from Grand Canyon hiking to bike trips like Italy cycling trips to multisport vacations like our Costa Rica tours. Enjoy cultural exploration tours, adventures tours and family travel. Singles travel, solo trips and custom trips also available.

With an average tenure of 15 years, our trip designers have the ideal balance of passion, intuition and high-level expertise to create truly remarkable experiences that provide an overall sense of journey while leaving you free to add your own unique imprint. During the hundreds of behind-the-scenes hours that go into crafting each itinerary, we find the right blend of activities to showcase the best of a region, creating a rich tapestry that you can explore as fully as you wish.

Having all been Trip Leaders, they've seen firsthand what guests find most meaningful. Tom Hale works closely with each trip designer, scrutinizing the details to ensure each Backroads experience meets our gold standard for trip design.

A travel experience is not like purchasing a new bike—you can't give it a test ride. You have to be able to trust what the people providing that experience tell you. Unfortunately, we've seen too many examples of companies quietly subcontracting all aspects of their trips to others and seriously limiting the amount of control they have over trip quality.

Backroads Trips & Specials

Amalfi Coast Walking & Hiking Tour

Holland & Belgium Bike Tour

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Israel Bike Tour

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I've been planning private tours for my husband and I through an agency called Backyard Travel (found them through Vayable.com), but can't find any reviews for them anywhere but their own sites. I'm wondering if anyone here has used them and what their experiences were, or if anyone had any recommendations for other private tour agencies.

Any information would be helpful!

Just wanted to follow up on this query, as I haven't seen too much more written about Backyard Travel. Did you end up booking with them? Has anyone else used them?

Looking into their options for Indonesia for either myself as a solo traveler or with one other person.

Any advice you have would be appreciated. Thanks!!

Our experience with Backyard Travel was 100% positive. Not a single slipup. They had arranged everything from being picked up at the airport in Bangkok, transferred to northern Thailand and then a fantastic cruise on the Mekong river and then further by car through Laos. Great itinerary, great accommodation, excellent guides. We even met up with Ms Hom when we came to Vientiane (Capitol of Laos) on the 15th of Feb. Obviously I dare not vouch for every single trip that Backyard Travel has ever arranged, nor can I say anything about using them for your trip to Indonesia. All I can say is that our experience with Backyard travel was great. Much, much better than our expectations. All four of us were in total agreement about that. Personally I would not hesitate to use backyard travel again.

I had the same question! I am planning a trip to Myanmar in Dec. and have been communicating with someone at Backyard Travel. I, too, am hesitant to send money to a company I cannot vet.

In case anyone is looking for Backyard Travel reviews they are terrific- we used them in Japan. I am trying to figure out how to write a review on them in TA. but for what it's worth, they were great. 110% always there when promised

Your choice.

Thank you everyone for sharing your experiences with Backyard Travel! We will be using them for our upcoming trip to Indonesia and so far they have been a pleasure to work with. I'll do a full report when we return in September.

did you use backyard travel? what was your experience? We are planning a trip with them and we would like to know your feedback

You pay double by booking tours like this.

We just returned yesterday from our trip - planned by Backyard - in Indonesia. Overall we had a great experience and I would recommend them to others and use them again.

To someone's point about expense and planning on your own: yes, you are paying more by having someone make the arrangements. But given the fact that everything was arranged and paid for in advance, from hotels to pickups, to train tickets to many meals (some of which you can't do on your own until you arrive in the country), and we didn't have to worry about entrance fees to sites or finding guides on our own we certainly felt that working with Backyard was well worth it.

Backyard was also always available if we needed anything along the way, and our guides were flexible in case any small changes needed to be made.

One item I would consider when reviewing your suggested itinerary is to be very clear about at what points you need a guide with you and at what points you are comfortable being on your own. For example, we had a 7 hour train trip from one city to another, and would have been perfectly comfortable to have Guide 1 drop us at the train station and have Guide 2 pick us up when we arrived. But it turned out that Guide 1 rode the train with us and got us to our new hotel, then returned to the first city, and Guide 2 met us at the hotel later. This was some unnecessary travel for Guide 1 and an unnecessary expense for us, and an item that was not clear from our itinerary.

I wish you a great vacation!

I was wondering how was your experience with Backyard travel, I would apreciate your comments.

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The Best Mosquito Control Gear for Your Patio or Yard

By Doug Mahoney

Doug Mahoney is a writer covering home-improvement topics, outdoor power equipment, bug repellents, and (yes) bidets.

If you want to keep mosquitoes away from your deck or patio without having to slather your skin in bug repellent , get the Thermacell E90 Rechargeable Mosquito Repellent .

After spending 70 hours researching a category full of marketing hype and debunked methods (including popular options like citronella candles), we found that the E90 stands out by actually being effective . Its rechargeable nine-hour battery lasts long enough to odorlessly keep a bedroom-size area mosquito-free for an entire evening—as long as there’s no breeze.

Everything we recommend

Thermacell E90 Rechargeable Mosquito Repellent

The best for mosquito control.

With a rechargeable battery, long-lasting repellent supply, and simple interface, the E90 is easier to use than other spatial mosquito repellents.

Buying Options

Thermacell EX90 Mosquito Repellent

The same, but more rugged.

Thermacell’s EX90 has the same mechanics as the E90, but with a few features that make it a better option for camping or other outdoor activities.

Thermacell MR450 Mosquito Repellent

For the most rugged camping and hunting.

The MR450 is more rugged and portable than our other picks. And its butane fuel source makes it better for situations like extended camping trips. But it isn’t as convenient as having one with a lithium-ion battery.

Budget pick

Pic Mosquito Repelling Coils

Cheaper, but smoky and smelly.

These inexpensive mosquito coils work as well as our other picks, but they’re not as portable, versatile, or durable. And their burning ends release smoke that has an odor.

Upgrade pick

Thermacell LIV Smart Mosquito Repellent System

A holistic home option.

The Thermacell LIV is a large-scale system that can protect a big area from mosquitoes.

Tiki BiteFighter LED String Lights

A festive spatial repellent.

The Tiki BiteFighter lights have bulbs and repellers, making them a fun and festive way to create a mosquito-free patio or porch.

Thermacell makes several effective spatial repellents (mosquito-control methods that cover an entire area, instead of just one person). But none of them can match the E90 Rechargeable Mosquito Repellent ’s ease of use. This repellent’s simple interface and rechargeable lithium-ion battery make it much more convenient to use than butane-cartridge options. The E90 comes with a 12-hour repellent cartridge, but 40-hour cartridges are also available. Compared with other methods of mosquito control, the E90 is more effective and more user-friendly overall. This pick replaces the Thermacell E55 Rechargeable Mosquito Repellent , our previous pick. The two models are the same except that the E90 has a longer battery life—nine hours, compared with 5½. The E90 is typically $10 more, but we think it is worth the added battery life. Still, the E55 is a great option if the E90 is not available or if you’d rather keep your investment to a minimum.

The Thermacell E90 is a great repeller to keep on your patio table. But if you want something you can throw in a backpack or toss next to a cornhole board or horseshoe pit, the Thermacell EX90 Mosquito Repellent is a better fit. Internally, it’s identical to the E90, with the same nine-hour battery life and repellent qualities, and compatibility with the same repellent cartridges. The differences exist in the body of the repeller. The EX90 has a more compact design, rubbery grip areas on the sides, a lanyard and carabiner (to hang it from a branch), and a locking lid (the E90’s lid is held in place with magnets). The EX90 costs the same as the E90, so it’s really a matter of preference. Also, as with the E90, there’s a version of the EX90 with a 5½-hour battery life, the Thermacell EX55 , which costs a little less. Given the more adventurous nature of the EX series repellers, we have a stronger preference for the EX90’s longer battery life.

If you want an even more durable and more portable option, we like the Thermacell MR450 Mosquito Repellent . Like the E90, the MR450 has proven mosquito-repelling capabilities, but it lacks some of the E90’s finer touches, particularly the rechargeable battery and the long-lasting repellent cartridge. Instead, like many of Thermacell’s models, the MR450 runs on a butane cartridge and uses four-hour repellent pads, both of which are less convenient than the E90’s features. The butane is easier to burn through and harder to replace, as opposed to simply recharging a battery. The pads last for far less time than repellent cartridges, and it’s harder to tell when they’re used up. The advantage is that there’s no reliance on an outlet to run the repeller, so it’s the better choice for long camping trips, hunting, and other extended outdoor activities. In a large catalog of similar Thermacell products , the MR450 stands out with a more rugged design and a few minor convenience features.

For a less expensive option, we recommend Pic’s Mosquito Repelling Coils . Like the Thermacell options, the coils effectively clear an area of mosquitoes. And for the coils’ five- to seven-hour burn time, their price is a fraction of that of our other picks. But they’re not as portable or durable as our picks, their burning ends are not as safe to leave unattended, and they emit a smoke with an odor that some people find unpleasant.

For the most comprehensive and integrated approach to mosquito control, we like the Thermacell LIV Smart Mosquito Repellent System . This system consists of multiple repellers wired together and controlled by an app. Depending on which kit you get, the three, four, or five repellers offer a wall of protection and can encircle a patio, porch, or other outdoor area. The app provides total control over the system, including turning the repellers on and off, putting them on a schedule or a timer, checking the amount of repellent remaining, and even changing the color of the little lights on the repellers. The LIV can also be integrated into smart-home systems. In our tests, we found the components to be of very high quality, and the app was easy to use. Setup is simple, and the repellers have the look of a high-end landscape light. If there is a downside to the LIV, it’s the cost. The smallest kit, with three repellers, is roughly $800. That’s a lot, considering that the base functionality is the same as putting out three strategically placed E90s, which cost about $50 each. But the higher price buys you the convenience of the app integration and the polished look of the repellers.

If our other options aren’t festive enough for you, look no further than the Tiki BiteFighter LED String Lights.   Spaced along this 36-foot length of string lights are three repellers that work in a similar fashion as the Thermacells. The lights have a socket at the end of the line, so additional strands can be attached to them. As long as they’re plugged in, the lights are on. But each strand has a switch to turn on the repellers, so those are active only when you need them. The Tiki repellers use a lower concentration of repellent, so they don’t cover as large of an area as the Thermacells. However, depending how they’re hung, it’s possible to protect a 12-by-12-foot patio. The biggest challenge for us with the Tiki lights was making the 36-foot length fit in our space (45 feet would have been ideal for us). This made us think they would be good to integrate with other, less expensive lights.

The catch with any of these spatial repellents is that they lose efficacy in breezy conditions. But they’re still your best bet since many other popular mosquito-control methods—including bug zappers and citronella candles— don’t actually work . A few additional methods of mosquito control are worth considering, including simply running a fan and using the most predictably effective option: a spray repellent in conjunction with permethrin-treated clothing .

The research

Why you should trust us, who this is for, how we picked, how we tested, our pick: thermacell e90 rechargeable mosquito repellent, also great: thermacell ex90 mosquito repellent, also great: thermacell mr450 mosquito repellent, budget pick: pic mosquito repelling coils, upgrade pick: thermacell liv smart mosquito repellent system, also great: tiki bitefighter led string lights, the effectiveness and safety of spatial repellents, other effective ways to combat mosquitoes, ineffective methods that aren’t worth your time, what to look forward to, the competition.

While researching this guide, we spoke with Joe Conlon, then the technical adviser of the American Mosquito Control Association , a position he held from 2000 to 2020. Conlon’s experience with mosquitoes is wide ranging and has spanned nearly four decades. Since 1981 he has been a medical entomologist, and in that time he has presented more than 350 invited papers on vector control to various universities, medical and public-health associations, and national, regional, and state mosquito-control groups. In addition, he has conducted vector-control operations or on-site consultations in 34 countries. He has published at least 20 articles on vector control in refereed journals and more than 70 articles in trade publications.

For questions on repellent safety and the EPA’s pesticide approval process, we spoke with Lawrence Feller, a consultant who assists companies with the development and approval of EPA-regulated products. Feller is also a contributor to the Insect Repellents Handbook . He spoke with us on behalf of Thermacell, one of his clients.

Additionally, we spoke with Sonja Swiger , associate professor and Extension specialist at Texas A&M’s Entomology Department, to get her thoughts on repelling mosquitoes. Swiger’s area of expertise is with nuisance insects and their effects on humans and cattle. She also develops educational programs for various municipalities on mosquito control, among other work.

We also read as much as we could on mosquito repellents, traps, and other control products, focusing our attention on information from the AMCA as well as a number of studies, including several found in Acta Tropica , the Journal of Insect Science , and the Journal of Medical Entomology .

Everyone should have an interest in avoiding mosquito bites. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , “Vectorborne diseases are a large and growing public health problem in the United States.” This category includes diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, such as West Nile virus and Zika. As we found in research for our guide to the best bug repellents and confirmed again in the research for this guide, the best course of prevention is to use an effective spray repellent coupled with permethrin-treated clothing (or shoes, at the very least).

This guide is for those times—the many times—when covering yourself head to toe in bug spray isn’t practical. We wanted to find a product that would effectively reduce mosquito bites when you’re hosting a backyard barbecue, lounging on the patio, having a picnic in a park, or playing cornhole in the yard. Most people occasionally want to enjoy an outdoor space without being bitten and without having to apply a spray repellent. Our objective for this guide was to find something that would make that possible.

Spatial repellents—like all of our picks in this guide—are effective in still conditions but basically useless if it’s windy. The AMCA’s Joe Conlon told us, “There is an effectiveness there, as long as you’re not sitting in a place with a stiff breeze.” Think of the dispersed repellent as if it were smoke, and you can visualize how it can simply blow away. This drawback also means that a spatial repellent is not a good choice for someone in motion—if you’re taking a walk in the woods or mowing the lawn, a spray repellent applied to your body and clothing is more effective. The good news is that mosquitoes are weak flyers and have a hard time flying into even gentle breezes—which is why we list a simple room fan among other options you might consider .

When you’re looking at our selection criteria for these devices, it helps to understand how the leading scientists in the field view the problem of mosquito control. “People have just got to understand that there’s no easy solution to this whole thing,” the AMCA’s Joe Conlon told us. Mosquitoes are famously resilient, and there are nearly 175 species recognized in the US alone, so there’s a lot people don’t yet know about their behavior. Add in the variables of the local environment where a spray, repellent, pesticide, or any other product is in use, and it’s easier to see why there isn’t one single solution that works 100% of the time in 100% of the possible environments.

With that in mind, though, we identified a few attributes that an effective mosquito-control product should ideally have. After poring over the research, talking to Conlon, and setting our expectations realistically, we settled on a handful of objectives we wanted our recommendations to meet:

Offer proven effectiveness: The product needs to have proven efficacy based on a credible study—preferably more than one. Conlon warned us against relying on anecdotal evidence when evaluating options: “You can’t take internet testimonials at face value. Period.” We found many well-marketed products with positive reviews whose effectiveness has been completely (and repeatedly) debunked by the scientific community. “There is a lot of nonsense out there,” Conlon said. And as the authors of a Journal of Insect Science study write, “the most egregious danger to the consumer is the false comfort that some repellents give them protection against Ae. aegypti [mosquitoes] when they actually offer none.” In our research, this concern allowed us to eliminate a number of popular control methods , including citronella candles, anti-mosquito bracelets, and sonic options.

Repel rather than trap: Repelling mosquitoes yields more consistent results than trapping them. As the AMCA website notes, studies on traps have yielded mixed results 1 . Conlon told us that with current trap designs, if given the choice, a mosquito will always head toward a human over the attractant in the trap. “If you put one of these things in your yard, if you happen to be between the breeding habitat and the mosquitoes, you’re going to get fed upon. They’re not going to bypass you and go to these traps. And they’re going to keep coming.”

A study in Acta Tropica looked at three different traps and found that they “either significantly increased or had no effect on the biting-pressure at short distances compared with the unprotected control.” As Swiger pointed out, the whole point of a trap is to bring the mosquitoes to the area, and once they get there, a human is going to be more appetizing than the trap.

Keep the balance: We looked at products that had as little impact as possible on honeybees, moths, butterflies, and other positive or neutral insects. Many options, such as foggers, yard sprays, and bug zappers , offer proven effectiveness against bugs, but they kill indiscriminately. Conlon told us this kind of wholesale insect destruction could have a ripple effect: Not only are “many of these insects ... beneficial predators on other insect pests,” but you’re “going to kill food that is generally reserved for birds and bats.”

Along the same idea of maintaining a balance, the introduction of new animal predators likely doesn’t yield significant results. Bats are the most commonly cited animal option for mosquito control. When we asked about them, Conlon told us, “Absolutely, they’ll eat mosquitoes. But can they survive on eating mosquitoes? Only if you’ve got an enormous mosquito population.” He added that bats tended to eat moths and June beetles instead. “I’m not going to say that people shouldn’t use bats, but if they think that putting a bat house in your backyard is going to solve your problem if you’re living next to a salt marsh, you’re kidding yourself.”

Be practical: We decided that our recommendation needed to be easy to use, safe, and affordable. Price was far less important than effectiveness. Yet we still looked for something we could simply set out and turn on, and that would do its job while we ignored it. Even as we came across mosquito traps that cost upwards of a thousand dollars, we didn’t enforce a strict price cutoff. But we did hope we could find a pick that could work effectively for an initial (and ongoing) cost that we could actually see ourselves paying. Evaluating that cost for each option, we compared the amount against what we knew about the relative effectiveness of spray repellents and their costs, versus the value we’d place on a more convenient alternative.

Our criteria steered us toward a group of products known as “spatial repellents.” These devices are basically diffuser units that emit a repellent into the air, creating a bug-free zone that deters mosquitoes, rather than killing them. And many of the repellents happened to be affordable and widely available. To shop for spatial repellents, we checked the best sellers on the Amazon, Home Depot, and Walmart sites, as well as at outdoor retailers like Bass Pro Shops, Cabela’s, and Dick’s Sporting Goods. In addition, we tested a pack of mosquito bracelets and downloaded a sonic repeller app . At Conlon’s suggestion, we also tested the efficacy of a Vornado 630 Medium Air Circulator fan, Summit’s Mosquito Bits , and Philips 60-watt bug light bulbs .

Given what our research showed with regard to mosquito variations from location to location and species to species, we determined there was no test we could perform that would produce consequential data on the effectiveness of a repellent; we relied on established studies for that. So our testing was more about getting a sense of what these products were like to use when we used them nightly for three weeks while sitting on a back patio in mosquito-ridden rural New Hampshire and on a three-day July camping trip in Maine. In Maine, we simply lived with them, taking note of their ease of use, durability, and projected long-term costs, as well as factors including how long they would stay on before needing a resupply of repellent or fuel, which ones burned themselves dry if you forgot about them, and which were safest around kids and pets. We also noted any other observations that someone buying one of these items for the first time would want to know.

The Thermacell E90 Rechargeable Mosquito Repellent  is the most convenient, easy-to-use spatial repellent we found, and it’s nearly as good at stopping mosquitoes from bothering you as a full application of a spray repellent . Compared with similar designs, the E90 is easier to refill and recharge, longer lasting, and more convenient to live with, and it doesn’t present the hazards that some other options do. Note that it won’t stop every single mosquito from getting you, its coverage area is limited, and it loses efficacy in windy conditions—but all spatial repellents share those flaws. The E90 replaces our previous pick, the Thermacell E55 , which is identical but has a shorter battery life—5½ hours versus the E90’s nine hours.

The principle behind the E90 is simple: The device generates heat to vaporize a vial of liquid repellent, which slowly disperses out of the unit, protecting an area from mosquitoes. In use the E90 is silent and odorless, and although a small amount of vapor is visible when exiting the top, it dissipates quickly. It’s very similar to an essential oil diffuser .

Other products (including many from Thermacell) do similar things, but what’s unusual about the E90 is that its heat source runs on a long-lasting rechargeable lithium-ion battery. The battery holds a charge for about nine hours (4½ more than its predecessor, the Thermacell E55, does) and can operate while charging (with the included USB/outlet adapter cable). All of Thermacell’s non-battery models vaporize repellent using a butane cartridge or the fuel tank of a camp stove, which means the repellent and the fuel source supply both need to be monitored. With the E90, as long as it’s charged up and you have a repellent cartridge handy, you’re all set.

According to Thermacell, the protected area of the E90 is just over 300 square feet, about a 20-foot diameter circle. During testing, we observed roughly this range in still conditions. The refill cartridges are all compatible among the E90, the E55, and Thermacell’s older Radius models. If you already own a Radius, the good news is that you can purchase E90 cartridges and see increased effectiveness from your unit; you don’t need to go for a full upgrade. Note that E90 replacement cartridges are available only in a 40-hour version; while the E90 comes with a 12-hour cartridge, they are not available for individual sale.

Because these cartridges are clear and the repellent is in liquid form, it’s not too difficult to monitor the remaining repellent. With the butane-based Thermacell models, such as the MR450 and the MR150 , you need to watch the color fade from the repellent pad; this is tedious and inconclusive—we were never sure when the effectiveness started declining.

The single-button interface of the E90 is simple and intuitive. Press the button, and the unit activates and begins warming up, its four small indicator lights showing a chasing pattern. Once it is heated and emitting repellent, the four lights remain on. A quick press of the button shows the remaining battery charge on a three-light scale, and a longer press of the button shuts the unit down. Thermacell’s older battery-powered spatial repellents, the Radius-series models, have an automatic timer and shutdown feature. That’s nice to have, but it’s also difficult to manage with the single-button interface, and there is no way to know where the unit is in the allotted time, so we rarely used it.

We also like the overall design of the E90. It’s small and sleek, and it fits right in with some of the more stylish essential oil diffusers we’ve seen. However, it’s not designed for anything more rugged than the peaceful life of a patio or back porch. If you’re looking for something more portable for outdoor activities like camping or even just something to toss on the ground next to a cornhole game, we recommend the Thermacell EX90 or MR450 (both of which we detail below).

Flaws but not dealbreakers

The biggest downside to the Thermacell E90 is that it loses its effectiveness in any sort of wind. However, all similar spatial repellents have this flaw, and mosquitoes struggle similarly in the wind. The E90’s performance in our anecdotal tests was not perfect, as our sources predicted. We found that even after 25 to 30 minutes of the E90 being active, an occasional mosquito would land on us and take a bite. The conditions then were mostly still, though a slight breeze did pass through from time to time. Whether the occasional mosquito bites were the result of the wind’s interference or just the general limitations of the E90, it proved Joe Conlon’s point that there is no silver bullet when it comes to controlling mosquitoes.

The E90 is designed for mosquitoes, so you may not see a huge reduction in other flying pests. Thermacell told us that more-robust bugs, such as horseflies, can be affected by its spatial repellents. But because they’re less susceptible to the small amount of chemical repellent in the air, they may be able to fly into the protected area and take a bite before absorbing enough to be prompted to go away. Though this can be seen as a negative, it also indicates how little repellent is released into the air, which may comfort those who are wary of spatial repellents for health reasons.

As we indicated above, the usefulness of the E90 is more limited than that of some other options we tried. Considering the way the cartridge sits loosely inside and the top stays on with magnets, this is a tabletop-only item. For any kind of outdoor activity—such as camping, fishing, hunting, or attending a sporting event—the more-durable Thermacell EX90 and MR450 are better options.

Like all spatial repellents, the E90 also needs time to start working. It typically takes around 10 to 15 minutes for the repellent to “saturate” an area. After we learned this, we got in the habit of putting the E90 on the patio a few minutes before going out there ourselves.

Finally, there are long-term costs to consider, as there are with most spatial repellents. In addition to making the initial investment, you need to purchase cartridge refills . If you were to use the E90 roughly three days a week, for two hours each time and for an additional five hours on weekends, you’d need a new 40-hour cartridge every month. Since each cartridge is roughly $20, these added costs are high, but not out of the range for effective spatial repellents. The butane-powered Thermacell models, which aren’t as convenient to use, work with 48-hour refill packs of butane and cartridges that usually cost about the same.

If you’re looking for something a little more rugged, we like the Thermacell EX90 Mosquito Repellent . Its inner workings are identical to those of the E90 —the EX90 has the same one-button control and battery life, and it accepts the same repellent cartridges. The difference is that the EX90’s exterior shell has a couple of features that make it a more resilient choice for outings (like a short camping trip) or even just backyard duties (such as protecting the horseshoe pit from mosquitoes). The costs of the E90 and the EX90 are about the same, so it really comes down to a matter of preference.

The EX90 and E90 are also about the same height, but that’s where the physical similarities end. The EX90 has a wider base with four very small feet, to provide a little stability on an uneven surface. We found it was easier to set the EX90 upright on a lawn than it was with the round-bottomed E90, which usually wanted to cant to one side. To remove the cap of the EX90, you have to press a button on each side of the body, as you would a buckle on a backpack. This is a much stronger connection than the E90’s cap, which is held on with magnets and could pop off if you drop it or knock it too hard. The other major addition to the EX90 is the small lanyard strap, which could be hooked over a branch or a small fence post; the included carabiner can also be attached to the lanyard, providing even more hanging options.

The EX90 has the same downsides as the E90, and most of them are universal to spatial repellents. There’s one thing specific to the EX90 that we recommend: Upgrade the carabiner to something a little larger and more durable. The carabiner that comes with the EX90 is very flimsy, like the ones you find in a bowl at a hardware-store checkout for 25¢ each.

The Thermacell MR450 Mosquito Repellent  is as effective as the E90 and EX90 , but it’s powered by butane, not a battery. So the MR450 is great for longer camping trips or hunting expeditions, when you might be well away from an outlet for days at a time. The MR450 uses a small pad impregnated with repellent, instead of a vial of liquid repellent. The pads are good for just four hours, a tenth of the E90 cartridge’s 40-hour lifespan. And unlike with the E90’s liquid cartridges, with the MR450’s pads, it’s difficult to gauge how much repellent remains in them. We like the MR450’s tough versatility, but there’s no reason to dismiss several similar butane-based options from Thermacell (which may meet your needs better; all of them essentially work the same).

The MR450 starts up with a few clicks of a button, and a little light goes on when the area is sufficiently saturated with repellent. We liked the light because it allowed us to tell at a glance that the unit was on. Thermacell’s other portable units lack this feature, and it lessened the chance that we’d leave the unit on accidentally—an easy mistake that can waste a repellent pad and drain a butane cartridge.

The MR450 is built like an oversize remote control, and we appreciated its easy portability and increased durability over that of the E90 and even the EX90. The rubber overmold appears designed to take a tumble, and the belt clip on the back is a nice touch, likely to be useful for anyone who hunts or fishes (remember, it’s for stationary activities only). While seated and wearing the MR450 on a belt, we did notice it heated up enough that we were able to feel it through a T-shirt—not enough to burn us, but it was pretty warm.

The MR450’s repellent pads are good for only about four hours each, compared with the 40-hour cartridges of the E90. The pads come out of the package bright blue, and as you use them, they slowly turn white. Once all of the color is gone, the pad is done. During use, it’s hard to gauge how quickly the pad is fading. Yet it’s really important to know when the repellent gets very low, since you’re basically guaranteed to either change out a pad before it’s truly expired or to use an expired one for too long. We much preferred the E90’s clear liquid vial, which allowed us to quickly and easily determine how much repellent was left and when to reach for a new cartridge.

The heat for the MR450 comes from a small, replaceable butane cartridge, not a lithium-ion battery, and it has a 12-hour life. The timing does sync up with that of the four-hour repellent pads, and refill kits are available with additional pads and new cartridges (old cartridges cannot be refilled with butane). But it’s too easy to leave the unit heating once the repellent pad is expired, thus throwing off that coordination. Also available are 12-hour replacement pads , which help to solve this issue. The butane cartridge is another thing that needs to be on hand in case you run out. Also, if you spend a good amount of time outdoors, you have to swap out the repellent pads quite often—more than once a day even. The upside of the butane cartridge is that it’s more portable for camping and other outdoor activities where outlets for charging a model like the E90 are scarce.

Like the E90 and all other spatial repellents, the MR450 has a hard time keeping an area protected in any kind of wind. It does use a different type of repellent, which we compare in detail in our section on the effectiveness and safety of pyrethroid repellents .

The MR450 typically costs less than the E90, and its long-term costs are slightly lower (though still in the same ballpark).

For similar mosquito-repelling effects at a far lower price, we like Pic Mosquito Repelling Coils . When ignited, these coaster-sized spirals slowly burn down like incense. This releases smoke containing a pyrethroid (the labeling on some Pic coil packaging lists “pyrethrins” as the active ingredient, whereas other Pic labeling names allethrin specifically). This smoke creates an area protected from mosquitoes, similar to the Thermacell products. Like our pick , these coils offer proven effectiveness as a spatial repellent. They’re a fraction of the cost of any Thermacell offering, and there’s no fuel or a battery that needs monitoring. But there are some key differences between coils and our other picks: Some people find the smoke’s strong odor unpleasant or irritating, the burning ember at the tip can be a safety issue, and the coils can drop ash as they burn. Also, they’re not as portable or durable as our picks.

The Pic coils are inexpensive and last a while. In our testing, each one lasted about seven hours. In comparison, similar Off coils cost more and lasted only about 5½ hours. The higher cost of the Off coils is due in part to the fact that each comes with a small tray to catch bits of ash as the coil burns down. With the Pic coils, you need to put your own small plate underneath to catch the ash—a minor inconvenience we thought was worth tolerating for the Pic coils’ lower price and longer-lasting effects. If you’re feeling fancy, you can use a Pic-branded mosquito coil burner . We tried one, and we found that it works well, looks nice, and includes four coils to get you started.

The fire hazard of the coil’s burning ember is a factor you don’t have to worry about with the Thermacell E90, EX90 or MR450 , especially if you need to leave your repellent unattended for a bit. For some people, this isn’t an issue, but if you’re in a fire-prone area or if you have kids or pets around, it’s a significant drawback.

The ash, the smoke, and the weaker durability of coils relative to our pick together make the Pic repellent less portable and versatile than a Thermacell option. We chose Pic’s coils over several similar coils because they had a slight edge in price, and they seemed less fragile than competitors, as some owners who have used multiple coil types claim. We have no reason to believe that any of these coils perform better than another with the same active ingredients while both are ignited.

For a more comprehensive mosquito system that’s much easier to control, protects a wider area, and requires no charging or additional fuel source, we like the Thermacell LIV Smart Mosquito Repellent System . This is a scalable system with a number of diffusers (which are hardwired to a hub) placed around your yard or patio. The repellers are activated through an app that lets you turn them on or off, schedule them, or put them on a timer. The app also sends notifications when the repellent is low or when the diffusers have been on beyond a preset amount of time. The repellers look like very nice landscape lights (they actually do have a lighting function), and the components overall have a very sturdy and good feel to them. The scope and abilities of this system are far beyond those of our other picks, and the cost reflects that. The smallest kit, which includes three repellers (each with a 20-foot diameter coverage area), costs roughly $800, and the price only increases from there. This system is not for everyone, but the added conveniences and controllability will likely make it worthwhile for some.

The LIV consists of a hub, wiring, repeller units, and the app. The hub—which is the size and shape of a white noise machine—plugs into an exterior outlet and, through hardwired connections (each cord is 24 feet long), controls the repeller units. The units are wired in series, so only one is connected directly to the hub. The repellers are about the size of a 1-liter soda bottle and look like high-end landscape lights, which, in a way, they are. Each diffuser has a series of LEDs that can be activated through the app to shine in a variety of colors and throw a little light. The top of the repeller twists off, revealing where you put the repellent pod.

The repellers have a narrow bottom, so they’re not easy to balance unless they’re on very flat ground. Each LIV kit comes with ground stakes, which attach to the diffusers and can be stuck into the ground, securing the units. Hardscape bases are also available at an additional cost (roughly $20 each), for placing the diffusers on impenetrable surfaces, like a patio or a stone walkway.

These component parts are all very nicely designed, and setup is intuitive. The repeller units have the hefty feel of a quality item and are free of the small imperfections that mark inferior products. The cords are all thick rubber and can be safely buried once the system is set up, so they don’t get damaged by something like a string trimmer. Everything has a polished look, and at no point did we feel the need to hide any of the repellers due to any kind of unsightliness. Setting up the system is very simple—just position the repellers and the hub, and then wire everything together. It took us about a half-hour for a three-diffuser setup.

The app is minimalist in a good way and offers a level of control that no other spatial repellent has. Most importantly, it can schedule the repellers or set them on a timer so they’ll shut down after, say, two hours. With these easy safeguards in place, this system almost ensures you’ll never waste repellent when you’re not enjoying your outside space. It’s no fun to find that a spatial repellent is still on hours after you’ve gone inside. The app also will send notifications when the system is warmed up, when the repellent is low, and when the scheduled timing starts and stops. That last item is important because you could schedule the repellers to turn on every morning when you drink your coffee on the patio. But if it’s raining out, the notification allows you to shut the repellers off for that day, stopping the loss of repellent.

Though the bulk of the LIV’s functionality is housed only in the app, there is a single button on the hub that can turn the system on and off. This is the LIV’s only manual control.

The LIV uses a 5.5% concentration of metofluthrin, just as the E90 and EX90 do, but the vials are not compatible. The LIV repellers use larger pods, which provide either 40 or 100 hours of repellency. Each repeller covers an area with about a 20-foot diameter. Refill vials range from about $20 each to about $40, but remember that the app-based scheduling and timers will help keep usage to minimum.

We enjoyed using the LIV. In fact, once we set it up, we basically forgot about it. We used it to protect a patio, and it was scheduled to be on from 4 to 6 p.m. every day, typically the time we used the grill to cook dinner and then ate at the patio table. At first we weren’t using the notifications, so the LIV would run even if we weren’t there, if it was too windy for a spatial repellent, or if it was raining and we decided to eat inside. But with the notifications on, we got reminders that the diffusers had activated, and we could shut them off with a tap of the screen. It was nice eating outside in a buggy area and not having to deal with mosquitoes.

We didn’t see many downsides to the LIV (other than the cost, and we’ll get to that in a minute). We did think the ground stakes were a little too large, and we had trouble in rocky soil. We ended up using the hardscape bases, but the issue there is that they’re not part of the base kit, and under normal circumstances you’d have to order them separately. If you went into the setup thinking the stakes would work but then they didn’t (as was our experience), all of a sudden you’re spending an additional $20 or so on each hardscape base. If you have the five-repeller unit, that’s an additional $100 and a delay in your setup while you wait for them to arrive. We appreciate the stability of the oversize stakes, but they do seem excessive. And we would have preferred to see a way for both the hardscape bases and stakes to somehow be part of the base kit (or at least we’d have liked the option to choose one at checkout).

Since the Thermacell LIV is connected to the internet, we read through its privacy policy , and we sent Thermacell a questionnaire to learn more about the privacy practices for the LIV specifically. The company told us that no customer data is shared or sold to third parties, and any data sent from the LIV to Thermacell’s servers is encrypted in transit. Most importantly, Thermacell can issue software updates to the hub. This is something the company told us it will do to implement improvements during the three-year warranty period , and it will continue to issue security updates for the lifetime of the product. Thermacell does not offer a bug bounty program for researchers to submit security issues, which is too bad considering the company’s dedication to repelling bugs in the real world.

And now for the cost of the LIV. It’s expensive. A three-repeller system is currently around $800, a four-repeller system is roughly $900, and the five-repeller system is normally about $1000. To run additional systems at your place, you need a new hub and connected repellers. So to have repellency on the front porch as well as the back patio, you need two complete systems (that would run off the same app). Therefore, it’s quite a commitment to realize the full extent of what the LIV has to offer, even if you’re opting only for the most basic three-repeller system.

Is it worth it? In some ways, we think it is. For one, the convenience is unmatched versus what you get with any other spatial repellent. And because you’re able to set a schedule and receive notices when the repellers have been on past a certain point, you can conserve repellent, thereby lowering the long-term investment for replacement vials. In our experience, this is a hidden cost of spatial repellents, and we’ve grown to loathe discovering a spatial repellent that’s still on long after everyone has gone inside. A single absent-minded mishap like this could end up costing $10 to $15 per unit in repellent replacement.

However, we’re not under the impression that these kinds of savings will somehow offset the total cost of the LIV and make it pay for itself over X number of years. They won’t, but there is also a quality and convenience issue. After handling the components of the LIV for a number of months, there is no question that they’re well thought out and well constructed. From the way the repeller parts fit together to the way the wire connections are made, it’s clear they’re built to last.

The LIV system can do something that no other spatial repellent system can do: protect a large area with almost no effort. It’s true that you could place three E90s around your patio and create similar protection for only about $150, compared with the three-unit LIV’s cost of $800. But you have to turn the E90s off and on individually, and you don’t get a notice when they’re warmed up or a notification when they’re low on repellent. You can’t schedule them, and you can’t put them on a timer. If you accidentally leave the E90s on, you’re just going to waste repellent until you remember to shut them off. There is no communication between the units and yourself. So protecting a large area with E90s is certainly doable, and it’s not a terrible idea if you’re up for it. However, the LIV offers an undeniable amount of convenience that some will find offsets the buy-in cost.

If you like the idea of a spatial repellent, but the above items are lacking a certain pizzazz you’re seeking, we also like the Tiki BiteFighter LED String Lights . These look like traditional string lights, but there are spatial repellent diffusers interspersed among the bulbs. Each strand is 36 feet long and has three repellers. So depending on how the strand is set up, a 12-by-12-foot patio could be completely protected. Additional strands can be connected, and that only increases the area of protection. The Tiki lights use a lower concentration of repellent than the Thermacells do, so each one covers a smaller area. But there is no doubt that these lights are a very fun mosquito-protection option.

The Tiki lights are ready to go right out of the box. Included are LED bulbs and a set of the repellent vials. The cord and sockets have a durable, rubbery feel that indicates they’re designed for the outdoors. Setting them up is just like setting up any string lights.

At the plug end of the line there is a small toggle switch that controls the repellent diffusers but not the lights. So if you’re on your patio and it’s too windy for the repellers to be effective, they can be shut off, and you can still enjoy the lights. When the diffusers are activated, the toggle switch lights up to green. If additional strands are added, each one needs to be turned on to activate that strand’s diffusers. We think it would be nice if there were an additional switch to control the lights, in case you were using the repellers during the day.

The vials of repellent, which hang like light bulbs, are filled with liquid repellent and contain little green balls to easily indicate the remaining amount. The Tiki refills are not compatible with the Thermacells, and they use a lower concentration of metofluthrin—4% versus Thermacell’s 5.5%. This gives the Tiki lights a smaller area of coverage, about a 12-foot diameter circle for each diffuser, or roughly 110 square feet. Given that the diffusers are placed on the string line and can’t be shifted, they are naturally spaced to provide a slightly overlapping “shield” of coverage.

According to Tiki, each repellent vial produces 200 hours of protection—a full season, assuming three months of use at a little under 2½ hours each day. A set of refills, enough for a single strand, is about $75 .

The BiteFighter lights are a fun and festive way to deal with a mosquito problem (who doesn’t like string lights?), but they aren’t without issues. For one, setting up the lights can be tricky. Each strand is 36 feet, and for the patio we tested on, we ideally needed about 45 feet of lights. This had us stuck between not having enough and not wanting to set up a second strand just to have a bunch of leftover length. Basically, the 36-foot strand might not fit your space perfectly. Given the costs of the BiteFighter lights, we recommend using them in conjunction with other, less expensive strand lights and doing the best you can with the placement of the diffusers.

We also wish there were more to indicate the diffusers are on. The light at the toggle switch is nice. However, because it is often placed off to the side (in our case, right next to the exterior outlet at the edge of the patio), it was easy for us to forget the diffuser was on, and we realized hours later that we needed to shut it off. But even with these faults, the BiteFighter Lights are an interesting option for those who also want to spice up the vibe of their porch or patio.

Metofluthrin and allethrin, the active chemicals in our picks, are both pyrethroids, based on a compound found in the chrysanthemum flower. ( Permethrin , which is used to treat clothing, is also a pyrethroid.) While we understand the hesitancy of sitting in a cloud of bug repellent, numerous studies have demonstrated these chemicals’ effectiveness at repelling mosquitoes when used in a spatial repellent. Both metofluthrin and allethrin have undergone thorough vetting by the EPA and other regulatory agencies around the world and are deemed safe for this intended use.

First we’ll discuss the effectiveness:

The E90 , EX90 , LIV , and Tiki lights use metofluthrin, which the Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association found to be “highly effective at repelling mosquitoes.” In the Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Urban Pests (subscription required) , researchers write: “Results demonstrate that metofluthrin treated emanators are effective at repelling mosquitoes under outdoor conditions.” (At least one author in both of these studies is associated with Valent BioSciences , a company that develops pesticides.)

Allethrin has received similar accolades. 2 A study published in Acta Tropica , a journal of infectious diseases, compared a number of mosquito-control methods and found that the three tested diffuser-style repellents, including a Thermacell model, “significantly reduced the biting-pressure … when positioned at short distances from a volunteer.” Of the three tested spatial repellents, the Thermacell was the “most effective.” Another peer-reviewed study from the Journal of Medical Entomology (and partially funded by Schawbel Companies , Thermacell’s parent company at the time) “showed highly significant protection provided by the TMR [Thermacell Mosquito Repellent]” against one mosquito species and one sand fly species.

Thermacell provided three other sets of test results to us, all conducted on behalf of Schawbel. One, done in Costa Rica by the US Department of Defense, found that the tested Thermacell unit was “very effective in protecting persons up to 25 feet away from the unit from attack by phlebotomine sand flies, mosquitoes, culicoides outside in Costa Rica.” A second study, done by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , indicated that the tested Thermacell repellent was “very effective in preventing mosquitoes (primarily Anopheles sinenis ) from entering military bunkers.” The organization Scientific Coordination (on behalf of Thermacell) studied the Thermacell repellent’s effectiveness against black flies in accordance with EPA protocols and concluded that the Thermacell repellent was “surprisingly good against the notoriously persistent attacks of black flies.”

Now for the safety:

Both chemicals, in their pure form at high, regularly administered doses, have shown toxicity to lab animals. But spatial repellents like our picks use a diluted version that then vaporizes into the air in an outdoor setting. Joe Conlon, writing about repellents and pesticides on the AMCA website , notes, “The dosages at which these products are legally dispensed are at least 100-fold less than the point at which public health and environmental safety merit consideration.”

The EPA has stated (PDF) that metofluthrin “is practically non-toxic to mammals and birds,” even though it is “highly to very highly toxic to aquatic animals and insects.” The EPA approves of its use in a spatial repellent, in spite of its risk to aquatic life, because in vaporized form it’s “not expected to have a high aquatic concentration.” The report does caution that metofluthrin can “pose a risk to non-target insects.”

We spoke with Thermacell about adverse effects to pollinators or other beneficial insects, particularly with regard to the LIV system, which is likely to be set up around the perimeter of an outdoor space where there are probably flower gardens or other bushes. The company told us that the amount of metofluthrin dispersed is so low that it really only affects fragile-bodied mosquitoes, which are structurally weak compared with more robust insects, like honeybees or even other biting insects like horse flies. Also, consider that spatial repellents are more likely to be used when mosquitoes are out feeding: around sunset and nighttime. This is conveniently the time when many pollinators, such as honey bees, are dormant.

The EPA classifies metofluthrin (PDF) as a neurotoxicant and potential carcinogen. 4 This concern stems from studies showing tumors that appeared in the livers of rats, but only when researchers gave them extremely large doses of undiluted metofluthrin regularly over an extended period of time. Again, this kind of dosage has very little relationship to what you could potentially absorb while sitting near a Thermacell E55 or Radius unit.

Use a fan: Moving beyond chemical and spatial repellents, the AMCA’s Joe Conlon told us that using a simple fan, such as our pick in our guide to the best fan , is an easy, low-tech way to keep mosquitoes away, due to the fact that they’re such weak flyers. Conlon told us, “There is no scientific data that I’m aware of that has ever tested that out to find out how many cubic feet per minute you need to keep mosquitoes at bay, but I think most people would agree that if you’re outside sitting on a porch and you’re in 15-mile-per-hour winds, you’re not getting bitten by mosquitoes.”

As for placement, Conlon recommends keeping the fan low, below table level, because the specific mosquitoes that spread Zika (of the species Aedes aegypti ) “tend to prefer the lower extremities to bite” and “like to hide underneath outdoor furniture.” Obviously, using a fan is not compatible with using a spatial repellent like the Thermacell E90. But on a breezy day, in a larger open space, or in other situations where the E90 won’t work for you, there’s no reason you couldn’t combine fans with a personal application of an effective bug repellent .

Start at the source: If you have an obvious source of standing water near your home, such as a birdbath or a water feature, you can use Summit’s Mosquito Bits or Summit’s Mosquito Dunks to kill the mosquito larvae. Conlon told us that the toxin involved is released only at the pH level found in a mosquito’s gut; it’s harmless to people, fish, and animals.

Prevent attraction: Finally, Conlon recommended bug bulbs , which have a bright yellow hue. The color of the light doesn’t repel mosquitoes, but it doesn’t attract them, either, as a regular bulb might. We tested some, and although the color looks dramatic on the bulb, the actual light is only a little warmer than that of a regular bulb.

Citronella candles, like the Cutter Citro Guard , have no proven effectiveness. In fact, according to the AMCA , citronella candles “do not offer significantly more protection than other candles producing smoke.” A study in the Journal of Insect Science “found no indication that such candles repel Ae. aegypti females.” 5

We don’t recommend foggers, such as the Burgess 16443652N Propane Insect Fogger , or bug zappers, like the Flowtron BK-15D Electronic Insect Killer , because of their indiscriminate killing of bugs that are both positive and neutral. Bug zappers in particular are nearly useless when it comes to controlling mosquitoes. According to the AMCA , a Notre Dame study showed that after a season’s worth of bug zapping, only 4% to 6% of the bugs killed were mosquitoes.

Another category that doesn’t live up to the marketing claims: mosquito traps. The AMCA’s Joe Conlon told us that traps—whether propane-based, like the Mega-Catch Ultra Pro 900 and Mosquito Magnet Patriot Plus ,​ or UV-based, like the Katchy Insect Trap —“will capture mosquitoes, there’s no question about it, but they’re not as attractive as humans are.” A study published in Acta Tropica showed effectiveness only when four traps were set up in a perimeter fashion. 6

A number of products rely on sound to repel mosquitoes. The only problem is that there is zero evidence they work. Conlon, writing for the AMCA , notes, “At least 10 studies in the past 15 years have unanimously denounced ultrasonic devices as having no repellency value whatsoever.” We asked him about this, and he told us, “I could send you pictures of sound producers that have got mosquitoes standing on them.” A Cochrane review from 2007 backs Conlon up on this assessment, finding “no evidence to support their promotion or use.”

Another popular item with minimal, if any, effectiveness is a bracelet that has been impregnated with a natural repellent. A study in the Journal of Insect Science states: “Although the active ingredients in some bracelets may be mosquito repellents, we hypothesize that the concentrations that are emitted by all of the bracelets that we tested were too low to have an effect.” In our interview, Conlon told us, “They appeal because you put a bracelet on and you’ll never have another bite forever. That sounds appealing, but it’s ridiculous.” He continued, “If you’ve got a bracelet that’s got mosquito repellent inculcated into it, you’re not going to have mosquitoes laying on the bracelet—but 3 inches away from the bracelet, you’ll have mosquitoes landing. That’s just the way it is.” There is no reason to believe that similar products, such as repellent patches , would work any better than a bracelet.

Thermacell has released the EL55 Rechargeable Mosquito Repeller and Glow Light . This model has the same general shape as the E90 and E55, but the body is a dimmable light, adding a little more functionality to the device. The EL55 offers 5.5-hours of runtime with the light on, and 9-hours with the light off. So it’s basically an E90 with a light that drains some of the battery. It’s priced about the same as the E90. We’ll be testing one soon and are curious to see how powerful the light is: is it a functional light to read by, or more of an ambiance nightlight?

The Thermacell E55 and EX55 are exactly the same as the E90 and EX90 , but with shorter runtimes—5½ hours compared with nine hours. The E55 and EX55 usually cost about $10 less, so they’re an option if you’re trying to keep costs to a minimum. But we think the added investment is worth it to nearly double the runtime. The E55 does come in a couple of different colors—the E90 is available only in black. So if aesthetics are a big concern, look to the E55 for more options.

Thermacell also still offers the battery-powered lantern. Radius Gen 2.0 . It’s a nice model and a previous pick, but the E90 has a larger coverage zone, is easier to use, and is better looking.

Thermacell offers a wide variety of butane models similar to the MR450 . Handhelds such as the MR150 are not as robust as the MR450 and don’t have the indicator light. Other tabletop units, such as the Thermacell Patio Shield Mosquito Repeller and the Patio Shield Metal Edition , use butane and are larger and more conspicuous than the E90.

In addition, Thermacell offers mosquito repellents that incorporate a battery-powered lantern . These models use repellent pads and butane cartridges, as the MR450 does. It’s safe to assume they have the same mosquito-repelling qualities as the MR450, but they also have the same downsides as other butane-powered units—namely, the short duration of repellent pads and the potential for wasting fuel.

The Thermacell MR-BPR Backpacker does not use butane; instead it attaches to a camp-stove canister. This design sidesteps some of the hassle of the butane cartridge, and it would likely work well if you’re at a campsite. But outside of that environment, a camp stove is not a convenient fuel source for most people.

Off Mosquito Coils demand a larger initial investment than Pic coils and don’t last as long. They come with a small metal dish to catch the dropping ash. However, we preferred using our own dish with the less expensive and longer-lasting Pic coils.

The idea behind Off Clip-On Mosquito Repellent (which is now unavailable) is very similar to that of the Thermacell models, except that this design uses a little fan, rather than a heat source, to disperse the repellent (metofluthrin). The downside, we found, was that it made a little whirring fan noise that sometimes chattered when we moved the unit. It offers some effectiveness in keeping mosquitoes at bay, but a study from the Journal of Medical Entomology showed that its effectiveness “was not sustained at distances greater than 0.3m from the device.” That’s a little less than 12 inches.

This article was edited by Harry Sawyers.

The AMCA website explains , “The process of a mosquito questing for a blood meal involves a complex, interconnected cascade of behaviors, each probably having its own cues, be they visual, thermal, or olfactory. The complexity of these questing behaviors may account for the bewildering variations in trapping efficiency noted for certain species of mosquitoes at different times, seasons and places. With 174 species of mosquitoes currently recognized in the United States, this is no small issue and will require many years before research can provide a clarification.”

According to a 1956 article in the Journal of Organic Chemistry , allethrin was developed in the late 1940s and is considered a first-generation pyrethroid. Metofluthrin is much newer. The primary difference between the two is that metofluthrin vaporizes much more easily: Allethrin needs a butane heat source to vaporize, whereas metofluthrin can vaporize on its own. This is why metofluthrin works in conjunction with the lower temperature provided by the lithium-ion battery in the Thermacell E90 and EX90.

Some people also believe that pyrethroids such as metofluthrin and allethrin may cause allergies , but the EPA looked into the matter in 2009 (PDF) and found “no clear and consistent pattern of effects reported to indicate conclusively whether there is an association between pyrethrins/pyrethroid exposure and asthma and allergies.”

Female mosquitoes are the ones that bite. Also from the study : “The citronella candle combined with a human subject attracted slightly more mosquitoes [than] the human bait person alone; however, this difference was not statistically significant.”

Conlon also refutes the claims that we found on many trap models: “The ones that purport to keep an entire acre mosquito free, that’s complete nonsense. Those are extrapolations from caged studies that are done in small tented areas where mosquitoes can’t escape.”

Meet your guide

Doug Mahoney

Doug Mahoney is a senior staff writer at Wirecutter covering home improvement. He spent 10 years in high-end construction as a carpenter, foreman, and supervisor. He lives in a very demanding 250-year-old farmhouse and spent four years gutting and rebuilding his previous home. He also raises sheep and has a dairy cow that he milks every morning.

Further reading

How to Stop Mosquitoes From Multiplying

by Rose Maura Lorre

To keep mosquitoes at bay, you have to take away their preferred breeding grounds. Here are several Wirecutter-approved ways to do just that.

The Best Bug Repellents

by Doug Mahoney

Our repellent recommendations are EPA approved, backed by experts, and tested by us.

Do Bug Zappers Work? Yeah—About As Well As Any Other Indiscriminate Wildlife Slaughter.

Bug zappers kill the wrong bugs—to control bugs without a spray repellent, use a spatial repellent or a fan instead.

The Best Bug-Killing Gear

Here’s the best gear for killing flies and other common household pests.