cruise ship lifeboat drill

The Cruise Ship Muster Drill Explained (And What Happens If You Miss It)

The definition of "muster" is to assemble. Well, a "muster" is also a group of peacocks, and we mustered all of our restraint to not mention that. But, for the purposes of this article, the "assemble" context makes more sense. On a cruise, a muster drill is not a hotdog cart run or a group of peacocks, it's part of the cruise experience. If you've ever been on a cruise , you know what we're talking about. If not, let's ease some condiment-connoting confusion.

As part of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), all passenger ships must perform a muster drill within 24 hours of disembarking. Sometimes referred to as "lifeboat drill" or "safety drill" (both lacking that old-world, maritime panache), muster drills are mandatory when you take a cruise.

If you don't participate in the muster drill at the appropriate time, the cruise won't throw you in the brig, but if you're really defiant about the process for some reason, you could find yourself marooned.

Muster drills explained

Muster drills differ from cruise line to cruise line, but they're fundamentally drills to show passengers what to do if they need to abandon ship. Although mega-ships seem pretty unsinkable, we've heard that before, and a shivering Leo did, too. Overall, muster drills are easy and short but also mandatory.

Basically, every passenger is assigned an assembly station in accordance with their cabin location. When the ship runs a muster drill, you'll go to your designated assembly station, which is where you'd go in case of an emergency. While there, the crew will explain where your lifejackets are, how to put them on, where the lifeboats are located, and review other safety procedures. Typically, the cruise ship will also sound the emergency alarm to familiarize passengers with the ear-piercing noise.

During COVID-19, cruise lines created e-drills to accommodate social distancing. These drills just included watching a video within a timeframe upon boarding. Some cruise lines still utilize the e-drill format, while others have reverted back to in-person drills.

Muster drill are a must

As mentioned, all passengers are required to participate in muster drills — even children — under SOLAS regulations. When you meet at your assembly station, a crew member runs a roll call. If you don't show, they'll know. Your name and room number will then be reported to the ship's commanding officer.

Typically, cruise ships run a makeup muster drill for all the no-shows. While you may be embarrassed as you hear your name called through the ship-wide speaker system, passengers who show up for a makeup muster drill should enjoy smooth sailing for the rest of the trip.

However, if you refuse to attend the makeup drill as well, the ship may force you to disembark at the next port of call. Again, the muster drills are part of maritime regulation and not optional for crew or passengers. Overall, muster drills aren't a big deal and don't take too long. Even if you feel these drills are a waste of time, muster a bit of cooperation to avoid getting marooned.

What is a Muster Drill on a cruise?

A muster drill (also known as a lifeboat or a boat drill) is one of the most important things all cruise lines must do before the ship departs for the first time. It’s the only boring part of your vacation but it’s a legal requirement to help keep you safe in the event of an emergency. Cruise ships must keep to the SOLAS regulation. Although some people quite enjoy it and see it as an important activity on their cruise! Prior to embarking on the ship, you will be notified where your muster station is. It could be either indoors or outdoors (usually on the promenade deck). Usually, they are on the outside of a ship, however, it’s not uncommon to see them in living areas. On most cruise lines you can find the location of your station on your cruise card. If you are unsure where your muster station is then you can find a crew member to help you.

The drill happens on the first day of your cruise and the crew will check you in to make sure you have attended. Be sure not to miss it as it is compulsory! To alert everyone a general alarm is sounded before the captain announces what passengers need to do.

The drill will cover important information on life jackets and how to use them and what should happen in the case of an emergency or evacuation.

So what’s involved?

All guest services will cease just before the muster is about to happen including bars, restaurants and theatre shows.

The drill is an exercise conducted by the crew. All passengers must remain silent during the drill while the captain broadcasts the safety drill/safety briefing. The safety presentation could be on screen, in front of you demonstrated by a crew member or a combination of both. It should include simple instructions for all to understand, even children who are also expected to attend. If you have questions do just ask!

A register is used to make sure that all guests are in attendance. The drill will then explain what to do in the event of an emergency or when you hear the ships alarm. This includes how to put on a lifevest. You will also be told how passengers would be informed about an emergency situation i.e via a horn, alarm or whistle.

The general alarm signal

Usually, the ship’s internal general emergency alarm consists of seven or more short blasts, followed by one long blast of the ship’s horn. There is also often flashing strobe lights in the public area to indicate an emergency. It can be really useful to hear these alarm bells so you know what to listen for and they don’t shock you too much should they be activated.

What happens if you miss the muster drill?

It will be very difficult to miss a muster drill but I bet it does happen, especially if people have had one too many cocktails on arrival! Crew members have a number of ways to remind cruise passengers about the muster procedure.

You will first learn about the muster drill when you check-in at the port – they will give you a cruise card and let you know the time of the muster drill and when you need to attend it. The captain will let you know several times throughout the day when the muster is – this means paying attention to the tannoy announcements!

If you miss the first muster drill (which is very unlikely given all the reminders) you will be asked to attend another muster drill. If you miss this muster drill the cruise operatorcan force you to disembark the ship. If you’ve already set sail the cruise line will make you leave on the next port. You will not be entitled to any refund and you will have to make your own arrangements getting back home.No one wants that so if there’s one thing you should do on your cruise holiday it’s not missing the this before you head on your voyage.

Do regular cruisers still have to attend?

Yes, muster drills usually happen on a weekly basis. Regardless if you’re on the cruise ship for 3 weeks you must attend all of the muster drills that are carried out. Even if you have been on previous cruises with the same cruise line you are still obliged to attend.

This is to remind everyone of the safety and evacuation procedures during their cruise vacation. Crew members have to follow the same evacuation guidelines so all passengers receive the same instructions. Imagine how many times the crew have to do the drills when on a tour with the cruise line!

Do you need to take your life jacket?

Usually, cruise lines will not require you to take your life jacket to the muster drill. Just be mindful of what to do in an emergency, safety procedures and where in your cabin or stateroom your life jacket is kept. As part of the drill, it will be explained how to safely wear and inflate your life jacket and how to use any tools that are attached such as torches or whistles and straps. If you are sailing with children then make sure you have been given suitable life jackets for them – do check at reception or guests services if you are unsure what you need.

What happens if you have children in cruise programs?

If you have children with you on a cruise ship and they are in a kids program or club onboard during the time of the drill they will be taken to the muster drill location by the staff members.

How long does a muster drill take?

Cruise liners suggest that the average time the drill takes is about 30 minutes. Safety advice may be spoken in several languages if there are passengers from many countries and so could take some additional time. We have found that most of the time is spent waiting for all the people to join their station and be registered by the crew. The actual safety demonstration doesn’t take that long!

It really doesn’t take long and you can then get back to your dining or relaxing knowing you’ve attended and hopefully shouldn’t have to now worry about safe evacuations and life jackets again!

Crew muster drills

If you didn’t know already crew members have their own muster drills as well. This involves how to use lifeboats/life rafts in an emergency (lifeboat drill) and potential issues to look out for while onboard. It’s always reassuring to hear the crew have regular updates on how to keep everyone safe and know what to do in an emergency situation.

Cruise The Waves Muster Drill Tips:

Here are our top tips for muster drill success!

Don’t be too early or too late to the muster process:

If you end up going too early you will be waiting around a long time and often will get caught up with a lot of passengers. If you are late it will inconvenience the crew members (and your other passengers!). Aim to get there on the dedicated time and you’ll be just fine. I believe on our first cruise we had just ordered a cocktail and so ended up taking it with us which might have not made us look the most responsible!

Wear appropriate shoes:

We recommend you don’t wear flip flops to the muster drill – this is because you will be sharing the muster drill with loads of passengers and pre-pandemic be in close proximity to others. Your feet might get stepped on and you don’t want that!

Put away your phone:

It’s just as annoying as those ones at the cinema. Put away your phones during the muster drill briefing! The crew are making sure you know what to do in an emergency and it’s to the benefit of yourself. Apparently, you can get your phone confiscated while this happens – wouldn’t that be embarrassing!

Caribbean muster drill? Use suncream!

If you are in the Caribbean or anywhere else particularly sunny and hot for that matter, and you are attending a muster drill, ensure you’ve covered yourself in suncream. This is because you will likely need to stand in the same location for a good 20-30 minutes so take caution.

Stay away from elevators/lifts

Stay away from elevators while going to your muster station. This is because those with mobility issues will need to use the lifts and should have priority. If you need to use the elevators, ask the crew members if you need assistance and they will happy to help.

Be mindful of the time and location of the muster drill

Don’t be one of those passengers who decide on the quick nap and you miss the muster drill. Ask a crew member if you are not sure of the time of the drill. The location of the muster drill is usually located on your cruise card. If the cruise ship is quite big the assembly station is usually located on the promenade deck.

Listen out for additional safety advice

A muster drill is a perfect opportunity for the captain to say any other important safety advice for your upcoming trip. Handwashing will definitely be a part of this important advice given that Covid has a very wide impact on everyone. Other things include might include what happens if someone falls overboard and reminders of drinking sensibly onboard.

Let the stairs clear after the drill

What’s the point in rushing like everyone else once the drill is over? Just sit it out and wait, or if you are outside, take in the sea breeze and enjoy the sight.

Muster drills for disabled passengers

Some cruise lines will offer another muster drill for disabled passengers, possibly inside the ship where it is more accessible. Please ask a crew member about this if this is something you might need.

Make sure you register!

How bad will it be if you’ve attended the muster drill but forgot to register your name? Make sure the crew member has logged you down for attending the muster drill or you will have to do it again! Often this is done by showing your cruise card or giving the number of your cabin / cabins. On some cruise liners, crew will scan your cruise card to markdown you’ve attended.

Pay attention!

If you are attending a safety briefing please make sure you keep quiet at all times and pay attention! Not only is it rude to talk over the crew member ensuring your safety but other passengers next to you will likely want to listen carefully to the potentially life-saving advice too!

Royal Caribbean announces a new electronic muster drill called Muster 2.0

Given the current or recent pandemic (depending on when you read this!) Royal Caribbean have announced an electronic muster drill called Muster 2.0.

These were implemented to help keep everyone on board and able to complete the muster procedure but socially distanced. These drills will debut in Germany and be rolled out across to all Royal Caribbean ships.

Before boarding passengers will be informed of what to do in case of an actual emergency situation onboard.

How it works:

Passengers on Royal Caribbean’s ships will be required to download an app on their mobile device or view the information on their stateroom TV. This will contain important safety advice which everyone must-see.

This new technology aims to help protect everyone from the Covid-19 virus. It will no doubt stay after the pandemic as it seems it will be quicker and easier for people to attend and pay attention too and not require the crew to attend.

Have any other muster station tips you would like to share? Give us a message on the contact form!

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What is a muster drill (safety briefing) on a Royal Caribbean cruise ship?

A muster drill is a mandatory safety exercise with the objective to familiarize all guests and crew with the location (muster station) where they are to assemble in the unlikely event of an emergency, as well as additional safety information.

The assembly muster drill is an international (SOLAS) requirement that is enforced by the  Coast Guard, as well as all other port state authorities, depending on the Port. Current legal requirements for conducting a muster of passengers are found in the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) and mandate that a muster for embarking passengers occur before departure, or after departure from port. We have identified a best practice that calls for conducting the mandatory muster drill for all * embarking passengers (even if they have sailed previously)  prior to departure from port ** .

There are three parts to completing your mandatory safety drill. The first two can be completed in the royal app or on your stateroom TV before you visit your assigned muster station at the set time.

1. Watch the life jacket instructions video.

2. Listen to the emergency horn.

3. Visit your muster station which is listed in the app or on your Seapass card. A crew member will verify you’ve completed both steps and complete your drill or will help you to complete all the steps.

Announcements and content for the guest assembly drill are made in English, or the official language of the vessel. The announcements are made in additional core languages when we have large numbers of guests onboard who do not speak English. On some sailings, announcements may be made in the language of the market, then followed by English and any other approved core language(s).

*If you have a medical or other condition that impacts your ability to complete your mandatory safety drill, let our crewmembers know and they will arrange for you to comply in the best possible way. **On occasions when guests arrive after the muster has been completed, they will be promptly provided with individual or group safety briefings that meet the requirements for musters applicable under SOLAS. This practice exceeds existing legal requirements and ensures that any mandatory musters or briefings are conducted for the benefit of all newly embarked passengers at the earliest practical opportunity.

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A Guide to Cruise Ship Muster Drills & What to Expect

Updated : February 08, 2024

AAA Travel Editors

Imagine you made it on board and hear alarms. You might be thinking, “What could it be? Why now?” After all, you haven’t even left port yet.

Well, the answer is simple: It’s the law.

What Are Muster Drills?

Muster drills, which are also known as a boat drills or lifeboat drills, provide information that could save your life. Such cruise ship safety drills must be performed within 24 hours of departure. In the case of Royal Caribbean muster drills, there's an app; Muster 2.0, as it is called, had its debut with Royal Caribbean’s Symphony of the Seas in January 2020. Many other cruise lines now operate similarly, with virtual muster drills becoming the norm due to COVID-19.

Cruise enthusiasts who frequent large ships often get familiar with the safety drill, and some may even see it as a waste of time. So are muster drills mandatory? Yes, a muster drill must be understood by everyone on board a ship. Even if you’re new to cruising, you could be fined by the Coast Guard or local government or dismissed from the ship without a refund or raincheck. Muster drills are designed to familiarize and educate everyone on board with the muster station locations. A muster station also is the place where passengers gather in the event of an emergency.

Throughout the course, passengers will be given instructions on how to put on their life jackets and basic instructions on what to do in an emergency. Muster drills provide you with information that could save your life. If the muster drill is held in-person, social distancing will be enforced, and the captain and crew will give instruction on the types of alarms and emergency procedures.

These drills are designed with safety in mind, so make sure to pay attention. Afterward, you can enjoy the rest of your trip secure in that knowledge. To learn additional first-time cruise tips and plan your cruise vacation, contact a trusted AAA Travel Agent to check out the savings and member benefits.

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Cruise Muster Drill Procedure

You’ve queued through Embarkation Day, unpacked your bags and now you’re ready to get your holiday well and truly going. Hold on just a sec. Before you go bombing into the pool, there’s the small matter of the muster drill to deal with first.

Below, we’ll walk you through what you can expect from a muster drill, including what the procedure is, what it involves, and any etiquette you might want to know about ahead of time. Let’s get started!

What is a muster drill?

A muster drill is a mandatory safety drill that happens on all cruises, as laid out by the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea. They are sometimes referred to as a ‘lifeboat drill’ or ‘safety drill’.

Taking place before the ship sails, the drill lets guests familiarise themselves with where to assemble in the (unlikely) event of an emergency.

What happens during the muster drill procedure?

Your ship’s loudspeaker will let you know where and when your muster drill is to take place ahead of time. When it’s time to gather, another announcement will happen, informing you that the drill is about to start.

There’s also an announcement for crew members to take their places. They’ll be stationed in the stairways and corridors where your cabin is located. Should you get lost or you’re unsure of where to go, the crew – who’ll be wearing high-vis jackets – will be able to guide you in the right direction.

The muster drill formally begins with seven blasts of the ship’s general alarm, followed by one long blast of the ship’s horn and the Captain’s announcement. This is your cue to head to your designated muster station.

Bring your cruise card with you, as this will be scanned to record and prove that you attended.

With everyone gathered, you’ll then be walked through the process for safe evacuation should an emergency take place. It also gives guests a chance to familiarise themselves with their surroundings and the routes to the ship’s lifeboats.

The muster drill will also advise:

• The horn sounds you should expect in the event of an ‘abandon ship order’
• How to inflate, deflate and use the whistle and light on life jackets
• How to put life jackets on children, if necessary

The muster drill might also cover some practical tips about hygiene and handwashing onboard, as well as what you should do if you see a man overboard or if you need to report anything suspicious.

After the muster drill has taken place, you’ll hear a final alarm to signal the end. Now you’re free to hit the pool, grab a cocktail or head to that restaurant you’ve had your eye on.

What is a cruise muster station?

A muster station is the place on your cruise ship where the safety drill takes place. They can either be inside or outside. It’s usually written on your cruise documents, and it’ll likely be written on the back of your cabin door too.

If it’s due to be held inside, your muster station will usually take place in a lounge, theatre, restaurant, or bar. If it’s held outside, it’ll be on your ship’s promenade deck. At an outside muster station, you’ll be asked to form lines like you would in a real emergency. There tends to be more standing during an outside muster drill, so we’d recommend wearing closed shoes that you know you’re comfortable in.

Can you skip muster drills on a cruise?

No. Every guest, including children, must attend the muster drill, even if you’ve sailed on the same ship or cruise line before.

If you miss or skip the muster drill, you’ll be invited to attend another drill later on. Cruise lines are pretty no-nonsense when it comes to their muster drills, and if you fail to attend this one, then they can disembark you from the cruise, without any sort of refund. We’d recommend not trying to get away with skipping the muster drill in any way.

Helpful tips for your muster drill

With every cruise guest gathered at their muster stations, things can become a bit of a bottleneck when the muster drill ends. Queues and long waits for lifts and elevators will also be a frequent occurrence. For this reason, it’s a good idea to hang back or head to a quiet bar and wait for the rush to calm down before you make your way back to your cabin.

Once the muster drill has kicked off, your ship’s lifts and elevators will not be operational. If you need to use either of these to get around, then you should set off for your muster station as early as you can.

Remember, everyone else will be attending the muster drill at the same time as you, so if you’re late, you’ll only be holding up the rest of that part of the ship – no big deal. Avoid the death stares and make sure you’re on time.

If you’re tempted to take a peek at your phone during the drill, then be aware that you’ll get a talking to by the crew. Repeat offenders may have their phones taken away for the duration of the drill too. Pay attention and keep your phone in your pocket while the crew are speaking. 

It depends on the cruise line, but you may need to bring your life jacket with you to the muster drill – though this is becoming less of a requirement. If you’re unsure, you can always play it safe and bring it with you.

What are digital muster drills?

Truth be told, muster drills are a bit of an inconvenience, especially when you just want to get on with having a great time. Luckily, a new innovation now allows guests to familiarise themselves with safety procedures on their smartphones. Step forward: e-mustering!

Not only is this way more convenient, but in a post-COVID world, it keeps everyone safe too. After reading through the safety info and watching any accompanying videos, guests then head to their muster station to check in and finish the drill. No queues, crowds or lines needed.

Each line has its own app and digital process for the muster drill, as well as some “incentives” for completing it. For instance, Carnival limits the number of pre-muster drinks that guests can have, lifting this limit after the drill has been completed. Viking, meanwhile, won’t let you sit back and enjoy your stateroom’s TV until their muster video has been watched.

The e-muster process still has a few kinks to overcome – notably, it’s been causing delays with sailing as ships wait for everyone to get up to speed with the drill – but it’s great to see cruise lines adapting and changing with the times.

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Cruise ship crewmember dies in lifeboat drill in France

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MARSEILLE, France (AP) — A crewmember on the world’s largest cruise ship died and four others were injured Tuesday when a lifeboat fell from the deck into the water during a rescue drill in Marseille, the operator and officials in the southern French port city said.

Julien Ruas, a deputy mayor of Marseille, told The Associated Press that the lifeboat fell about 10 meters (33 feet) from the fifth deck of the Harmony of the Seas into the sea with the five crewmembers aboard. He identified the dead crewmember as a 42-year-old Filipino. Circumstances of the accident are still unclear.

Local naval firefighters told the AP one person died, two were seriously injured and two were more slightly injured in the “violent” fall. All were members of the crew.

“It seems the people didn’t get the time to secure themselves so the fall was quite a violent one, like if you or me fell around 10 meters from a building,” Ruas, who is in charge of firemen, told The Associated Press. He said the reason the lifeboat broke away was not immediately clear.

The Miami-based Royal Caribbean cruise line “deplored” the death and said in a statement that the incident happened during a safety exercise while the ship was docked in the port of the Mediterranean city.

The Harmony of the Seas holds the record for the largest cruise ship ever built, with a capacity of 8,690 people, including 6,300 passengers and 2,390 crew members. The $1 billion ship was built in France and set sail for its inaugural cruise in May.

At 362 meters (1,187 feet) long, the 16-deck ship is longer than the height of the Eiffel Tower. It’s been compared to a floating city with more than 2,500 staterooms, 20 dining venues, 23 swimming pools, water slides, a park with more than 10,000 plants and 50 trees, two climbing walls, discos and bar clubs, a theater, a skating rink, a basketball court and a casino.

Marqaid Quioc in Marseille contributed to this report.

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Royal Caribbean’s New Approach to Lifeboat Drills

Anyone that has taken a cruise before, knows the least favorite part is the mandatory muster drill. For years, guests have been required to attend these drills en masse, with literally thousands of guests all moving in the same direction at the same time.

Thankfully, with the introduction of  the Oasis class ships from Royal Caribbean over a decade ago, guests stopped having to carry their life vests from their cabins to the drills. On newer ships, we’ve also seen a move to having guests attend the drills in indoor public spaces where the air conditioning and comfortable seating made the task a little more bearable.

Now, Royal Caribbean Group is replacing one of the least-loved but most important parts of a cruise vacation – the safety drill – with Muster 2.0™, an entirely new approach to delivering safety information to guests. The innovative program, the first of its kind, reimagines a process originally designed for large groups of people into a faster, more personal approach that encourages higher levels of safety.

With Muster 2.0, the key elements of the safety drill – including reviewing what to expect and where to go in case of an emergency, and instructions on how to properly use a life jacket – will be accessible to guests on an individual basis instead of a group approach that has been followed historically. New technology, eMuster™, will be used to help provide the information to guests via their mobile devices and interactive stateroom TVs. Travelers will be able to review the information at their own time prior to setting sail, eliminating the need for the traditional large group assemblies. The new approach also enables everyone on board to maintain better spacing as guests move about the ship, and it allows guests to enjoy more of their vacation with no interruption.

After reviewing safety information individually, guests will complete the drill by visiting their assigned assembly station, where a crew member will verify that all steps have been completed and answer questions. Each of the steps will need to be completed prior to the ship’s departure, as required by international maritime law.

Richard Fain, chairman and CEO, Royal Caribbean Group said:

“The health and safety of our guests and crew are our number one priority, and the development of this new muster process is an elegant solution to an outdated, unpopular process,”   “The fact that this will also save guests time and allow the ship to operate without pause means that we can increase health, safety and guest satisfaction simultaneously.”

More than a year in the making, Muster 2.0 is also an initiative that will be part of the comprehensive set of protocols and procedures Royal Caribbean Group is developing along with the Healthy Sail Panel that was recently assembled in collaboration with Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings Ltd.

Mike Leavitt, former Utah Gov. & co-chair of the Healthy Sail Panel said:

“This new process represents the kind of innovation that the Healthy Sail Panel is focusing on as part of its mission to enhance the health and safety of cruising,”   “It shows that we can accomplish a lot if we try to think outside the box on safety.”

The distributed muster for ocean-going vessels concept is patented in the United States and is patent-pending in major markets around the world, including the various cruise industry flag states. The company has also worked with international regulators, the U.S. Coast Guard and other maritime and government authorities to ensure it meets all safety requirements.

In addition to introducing the new process on the ships of its own cruise lines – Royal Caribbean International, Celebrity Cruises and Azamara – Royal Caribbean Group is offering to license the patented technology to interested cruise operators and will waive patent license fees during the time the world and industry battle the global pandemic. Patent licenses have already been granted to the company’s joint venture, TUI Cruises GmbH, as well as Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings Ltd., the parent company of Norwegian Cruise Line, Oceania Cruises and Regent Seven Seas Cruises.

Muster 2.0 was first tested on Royal Caribbean’s Symphony of the Seas in January 2020. Guests who took part in the mock process indicated a strong preference for the new approach and also reported better comprehension and retention of the safety information.

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Do Cruise Ships Have Enough Lifeboats for Everyone?

If you are thinking of going on a cruise, one of your safety concerns might be what happens in the event of an emergency and whether there are enough lifeboats for all passengers to disembark safely.

You might even have seen the Titanic when many people died because there weren’t enough lifeboats and wondered if things have changed for the much bigger cruise ships of today.

Cruise ships have enough lifeboat capacity for 75% of the maximum capacity of people on board, crew, and passengers.   Liferafts are provided for the remaining 25%, although often not required as a cruise ship is never even near it’s maximum capacity.

Modern cruise ships are bigger than ever, especially mega cruise ships such as Wonder of the Seas or Symphony of the Seas, as examples of some of the largest.

Nowadays, many cruise ships can carry 5000 to 6000 passengers on board and an additional 1000 or more crew members.

It’s not surprising you may wonder if there are enough lifeboats on board to save everyone.

Although it’s unlikely a cruise ship sinking or even capsizing, there are rare occasions when lifeboats may be needed.

At the very least, in times of rough seas and large waves pounding the ship, it can be comforting to know there’s enough lifeboat capacity for everyone.

What is The Requirement for Lifeboats on a Cruise Ship?

The  International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea ( SOLAS ) stipulates that a ship must have enough lifeboats to accommodate 75% of the people on board.   

SOLAS was started after the events of the sinking of the Titanic when there weren’t enough lifeboats for everyone.

Regulations require each side of cruise ships have enough lifeboats to accommodate 37.5% of the total number of persons on board (passengers and crew), 75% in total. Inflatable or rigid liferafts must accommodate the remaining 25% of passengers and crew. (SOLAS, Section II, Regulation 21, 1.1) Travellersunited.org ( Source )

This means that for a ship with 3000 passengers and crew, at least 2250 must be able to fit in the available lifeboats. For a cruise ship carrying 6000 passengers and crew, at least 4500 must be able to fit into the available lifeboats.

In practice, most cruise ships have more than the minimum number of lifeboats required. For example, Royal Caribbean’s Wonder has passenger and crew capacities of 6,988 passengers and 2,300 crew for a total of 9288.

This is slightly more than the 75% requirement set by the IMO, and that’s assuming absolute maximum passenger numbers. 

Often the ship will have far fewer passengers than the absolute maximum, but it still leaves a few hundred people potentially without space on the lifeboats.

This is where liferafts come into play to make up over and above the 25% extra required.

Although it’s worth highlighting that a cruise ship is rarely anywhere near absolute capacity, many staterooms can sleep up to 4 people if you include the extra bed space but often only hold 2 people.

How Many Lifeboats Are Needed on a Cruise Ship?

Ideally, a cruise ship needs a higher lifeboat capacity than the total number of passengers and crew on the ship.

However, as we have seen, the IMO only requires a cruise ship to have enough lifeboats to accommodate 75% of its total capacity.

For every 1000 people on the ship, a cruise ship would need 75%  of that number in lifeboat capacity, or 750 people.  

If the lifeboats hold a maximum of 150 passengers , then the following number of lifeboats would be required:

• 1000 ship capacity = 750 lifeboat capacity = 5 lifeboats
• 2000 ship capacity  = 1500 lifeboat capacity = 10 lifeboats
• 3000 ship capacity 2250 = lifeboat capacity = 15 lifeboats
• 4000 ship capacity 3000 = lifeboat capacity = 20 lifeboats

For larger ships such as some of the Royal Caribbean fleet who have the larger 370 capacity lifeboats you would need the following:

• 6000 ship capacity = 4500 lifeboat capacity = 12 lifeboats
• 7000 ship capacity = 5250 lifeboat capacity = 14 lifeboats

The largest lifeboats, like those which were unfortunately destroyed on Costa Smeralda when it collided with a crane , can hold up to 440 passengers.

Some passengers may need assistance getting into the lifeboats, and crew members will need to stay behind to help with the evacuation process, including the cruise ship captain, who should be the last person to leave the ship and one of the reasons for the high cruise ship captains annual salary.

Additionally, some lifeboats may be damaged or lost during an incident at sea so it’s always important to have more safety boat capacity than required.

If there are not enough lifeboats for everyone on board, then inflatable or rigid liferafts must accommodate the remaining 25% of passengers and crew.

Liferafts must be located on the ship’s exterior, easily accessible, and clearly marked.

They must also be capable of being launched quickly and easily, even in bad weather conditions.

When needed, the liferafts are released from their compartments and connected to shutes are lowered into the sea where they are released and begin inflating.  

Passengers and crew members then have to defend down via the shutes and make their way to a seating position on the liferaft.

Liferafts come in different sizes holding from 25 to 200 people.  The larger ones hold as many as a standard-size lifeboat.

One of the largest is Viking Life Saving Equipment which holds up to 200. 

The 3D video below demonstrates how they would be used in an emergency.

Are There Enough Lifeboats for Everyone in the Event of an Emergency

It’s all well and good having enough lifeboats when setting sail on your cruise vacation, but what about in the event of an emergency?

For example, if the ship is is on fire or is it listing to one side so much, the lifeboats can’t be launched.

There is a SOLAS requirement that lifeboats must be able to be launched if listed as much as 20º.   It would be rare for a ship to list more than that, but it has been known in the case of Costa Concordia.

How Many Lifeboats On Carnival Cruise Ships?

All lifeboats can be seen on each side of the Carnival ships. 

Depending on which ship you are cruising on, you could simply look for a photo and count them. 

Although you can rest assured:

We also ensure that the number of lifejackets, lifeboats, and life rafts on each Carnival ship exceeds the number required, based on the ship’s maximum capacity for passengers and crew. Carnival Safety and Security ( source )

How Many People Can Fit In a Cruise Ship Lifeboat?

For many years, the maximum capacity of a cruise ship lifeboat was typically 150 people.  This will be the case for many cruise ship lifeboats today. However, many of the worlds largest cruise ships now hold lifeboats with a capacity of 370 to 440 people.

1.1.2.1 No lifeboat shall be approved to accommodate more than 150 persons. (LSA 4.4.2.1) rules.dvv.com Source

However, more recently, with ever-increasing cruise ship sizes and required lifeboat capacity, cruise lines such as Royal Caribbeans obtained a waiver to have larger lifeboats like those of Wonder of the Seas, which has 18 lifeboats 9 on each side.

This might not seem like enough for a cruise ship that can hold over 6000 passengers and crew.

However, each lifeboat has a capacity of not 150 but 370 people for a total of 6660.  These mega-lifeboats, as they are known, are found on many of the Royal Caribbean largest cruise ships, including the first to have them, Oasis of the Seas.

These significantly larger lifeboats not only carry more people but also take up significantly less length when all together on the ship’s side and keep them on one deck.

Although it’s still below the passenger (6988) and crew (2300)  maximum capacity of 9288.  Hence why, rafts are needed.

Here’s an interesting time-lapse video of a 150-capacity lifeboat being loaded and released with 150 people (crew members) as part of a periodic capacity test.

Where Are The Lifeboats On a Cruise Ship?

The lifeboats on a cruise ship are typically located on the outside decks , often on both sides of the ship.

They are easy to spot and are usually brightly colored orange and yellow.

The lifeboats might be partially or completely hidden behind panels or glass on some ships.

How Big Are the  Lifeboats On Cruise Ships?

The largest lifeboat, the Palfinger  MPC 49 is 15.25m by 5.5m  and holds 440 persons.

The Royal Caribbean CRW55 mega lifeboats are  16.7m by 5.6m and hold 370 persons.

The more common 150-capacity lifeboats are usually 8.1m to 9.6m in length.

Different types of Lifeboats on a Cruise Ship? 

There are 3 types of lifeboats to be found on cruise ships.

• Open lifeboats
• Closed lifeboats
• Freefall lifeboats

However, the most common type of lifeboat you’ll find on a large ocean cruise ship is the closed lifeboat.

These are designed to protect passengers from the rough seas and weather.

How Are Lifeboats Launched from a Cruise Ship

This passenger was lucky enough to get a great view of a lifeboat being launched into the sea from the Viking Ocean cruise ship.

The lifeboat is extended outwards from the ship and lowered down.

In this instance, the lifeboat was being used as a tender boat.

Tender Boats

Lifeboats aren’t just used in emergencies, they sometimes double up as tender boats to take passengers to shore from the cruise ship when in port.

What’s On a Lifeboat?

Lifeboats carry the essentials, including:

• Water and food rations for each person to last a week
• First Aid Kits
• Seasickness Pills
• Searchlights
• Signaling Devices

Do Cruise Ships Have LifeBoat Drills?

All cruise ship passengers must participate in a lifeboat drill before the cruise sets sail.

During this mandatory safety drill, you will be shown to your assigned lifeboat station, often called a muster station.

You won’t necessarily get into the lifeboat,  but you will learn how to put on a lifejacket and be familiarized with the drill.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do all cruise ships have lifeboats.

Yes.  All cruise ships have lifeboats.  They are required by law to have enough lifeboats for at least 75% of all passengers and crew on board. Liferafts are provided to make up for the rest.

Why do Ships Not have Enough Lifeboats?

Lifeboats take up space and add weight to cruise ships. 

Inflatable liferafts make up the difference needed to get all passengers and crew off the ship in an emergency.   These are much lighter and take up a lot less space.

The more space a cruise ship can free up the more money it can make by providing more cabins, entertainment or other sources of extra revenue on the ship.

Are there Toilets on Lifeboats?

Generally, lifeboats do not have toilets.  They are designed to be as efficient as possible when it comes to saving lives, and the toilet space could take up the space for 1 or more passengers.

Saying that the larger Royal Caribbean 370 capacity lifeboats do have a water closet.

What Kind of Lifeboats do Cruise Ships Have?

Modern-day cruise ships often have fully enclosed lifeboats made from fiberglass that protect against the elements.

Some lifeboats are even equipped with air conditioning and heat to keep passengers comfortable during their time on board.

How Many Lifeboats on Mega Cruise Ships?

There will be enough lifeboats for 75% of the mega cruise ships’ maximum capacity for crew and passengers.  For mega-cruise ships like Royal Caribbeans Wonder of Seas and Symphony of the Seas, the lifeboats are more than twice the size of the standard cruise ship lifeboats, with a capacity of 370 compared to 150, so not as many are needed. 

All cruise ships must have enough lifeboat capacity for at least 75% of the maximum capacity for total people on board, including crew and passengers.

Often cruises ships are nowhere near full capacity even if every cabin is booked.

Liferafts cover the remaining 25% of maximum capacity.

If you are anywhere concerned, you can take comfort from the fact that of the hundred cruise ships sailing oceans and rivers every day, lifeboats are very rarely required.

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Every year, 20 million people go on cruise vacations. They enjoy the vast oceans and different places. But there’s something important behind all the fun. The cruise ship muster drill is vital to staying safe at sea. Though many people don’t notice it, this drill is essential for ensuring cruise ship safety and preparedness . It’s not just for show. The muster drill is a planned exercise that helps everyone know how to survive at sea.

Cruise Ship Muster Drills

The importance of muster drills is huge; it prepares passengers for emergencies. Knowing what to expect during the muster drill is critical for everyone on the cruise. The drill shows everyone where to go and what to do if there’s a danger. This isn’t just a routine. It’s the core of how to handle emergencies on the ocean.

Introduction to Muster Drills on Cruise Ships

An introduction to muster drills is crucial for passenger safety on cruise ships . These drills ensure everyone understands cruise ship safety procedures . They prepare holidaymakers to be active in ensuring their safety.

The purpose of muster drills is more than just a basic orientation. They teach passengers and crew about necessary emergency steps. This way, everyone knows where to go and what to do if there’s an emergency. This reduces fear and confusion.

Muster drills are detailed and cover many emergency procedures. They teach how to find and wear life jackets, signals for gathering at muster stations, and how to use the ship’s safety tools and escape paths.

These drills must be taken seriously. They aim to make passengers feel secure and knowledgeable, and knowing what to do in an emergency can make a big difference.

In these drills, experienced crew members show what to do during emergencies. They guide people to muster stations. These are particular areas where everyone meets before an evacuation.

By doing these muster drills , cruise lines show they care about everyone’s safety. With a clear understanding of everyone’s roles, these drills create a culture of readiness. This is essential for keeping passengers safe and secure on a cruise .

The Legal Implications and Requirements for Muster Drills

Safety protocols are essential in the maritime industry, especially for cruise ships. Strict international rules define legal requirements for muster drills. These rules ensure everyone on board is safe. Cruise operators must follow these rules closely. Not doing so can have serious legal consequences.

International Convention Safety Standards

International convention safety standards form the foundation of maritime safety rules. The Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention is critical here. SOLAS covers many aspects of passenger safety, including mandatory muster drills. These drills help crew and passengers know what to do in an emergency. This is critical for a quick evacuation if there’s a problem at sea.

These standards keep passengers safe and hold cruise lines accountable for their safety measures. Following these conventions is vital in daily operations.

Role of the Coast Guard and Port State Authorities

The Coast Guard and Port State Authorities’ role is critical in ensuring sea safety. They check that maritime operations, like muster drills, follow legal guidelines. They also issue certifications proving ships are ready to sail safely.

, a critical Port State Authority, plays a significant role in maintaining maritime law. They often perform unexpected drills and checks. Their work emphasizes the importance of following international convention safety standards . Their efforts help create a safety-focused culture aboard each vessel.

How a Cruise Ship Muster Drill is Conducted

Keeping passengers safe is crucial for cruise lines. This is why conducting a muster drill is standard. It’s all about teaching step-by-step emergency preparedness . This plan gives people the know-how to handle possible emergencies at sea.

Step-by-Step Emergency Preparedness

Muster drills are effective because they provide clear, direct instructions. They begin with passengers joining to watch a video about life jackets. Next, they learn about emergency alarms.

Then, everyone heads to their muster stations for more details on what to do in an emergency. Here, travelers learn about how to leave the ship if needed. These steps are crucial to making sure everyone knows the plan.

• Life jacket demonstration and fitting
• Emergency alarm explanation
• Detailed briefing at muster stations

E-muster Drills: The Evolution of Safety Procedures

The classic muster drill has become the e-muster drill thanks to new tech. Now, people can learn about safety through videos in their rooms and on mobile apps. These digital options make getting important safety info easier while keeping things flexible for passengers.

The evolution of safety procedures shows the cruise industry’s focus on improving emergency readiness and valuing the passenger experience. Whether through traditional or electronic drills, the aim is precise. They want everyone ready to react swiftly and wisely if an emergency happens.

The Importance of Muster Stations During Emergencies

During emergencies on a cruise ship, getting passengers out safely is key; muster stations are central to this. Each passenger gets a specific station based on where they are on the ship. This helps keep things clear and reduces panic in tough times.

Evacuation Routes and Lifeboat Assignments

Muster stations help people get to their lifeboats in an orderly way. They guide everyone to safety smoothly and make sure lifeboats are filled up properly. This method of getting everyone off the ship is crucial for safety at sea.

Effectiveness of Muster Stations in Crisis Situations

The design and location of muster stations show careful safety planning. Studies of emergencies show that well-run stations make a difference. They’re not just meeting spots but places for information and instructions, vital for saving lives.

Drills and clear signs for muster stations help people know what to do. This prep work is part of why emergency plans work well. Gathering at muster stations helps the crew count everyone and speeds up rescue efforts.

Understanding muster stations and their role is vital for passengers. They’re part of a safety plan that looks out for everyone. When everyone works together during these drills, the ship is safer. It also builds trust in the emergency processes and the crew’s guidance.

Cruise Ship Safety Drill: The Critical Training for Passengers

Going on a cruise is fun, with relaxation and entertainment waiting. But safety is a top priority. Passengers go through a critical training. This focuses on emergency steps. Cruise lines are serious about keeping everyone safe. That’s why the cruise ship safety drill is so important during the trip.

Cruise Ship Muster Drill FAQs

Q: What is a cruise ship muster drill?

A: A cruise ship muster drill is a mandatory safety drill where passengers must attend a safety briefing on what to do in an emergency.

Q: How can I skip the muster drill?

A: It is not advisable to skip the muster drill as it is a crucial safety procedure that all passengers must complete before the ship sets sail.

Q: What is a virtual muster drill?

A: A virtual muster drill is an alternative to an in-person drill where passengers receive the safety briefing via video or an app on their smartphones or stateroom TVs.

Q: Are muster drills mandatory on all cruise lines?

A: Muster drills are mandatory on all cruise lines as part of the international convention for the safety of life at sea.

Q: What are designated muster stations?

A: Designated muster stations are specific locations on the ship where passengers must gather during the muster drill to receive safety instructions.

Q: What happens if I don’t attend the muster drill?

A: Passengers who do not attend the muster drill may be required to complete the drill within 24 hours or face consequences per the cruise line’s policy.

Q: How do I know where my muster station is?

A: You can find the location of your designated muster station on your cruise card or by asking the crew members on the ship.

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What is the Mandatory Life Boat Drill?

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Cruise ship lifeboats and rafts: How your ship is prepared for an emergency

Do cruise ships have enough lifeboats for everyone?

It's a question that comes to many cruisers' minds, especially if they're hesitant about sailing across oceans and seas, far from land.

You can rest assured that cruise lines have many safety systems in place in the rare instance that a major emergency occurs at sea. Among these systems are, of course, the brightly colored lifeboats that you'll see lining the sides of your ship. Not only are they there to carry passengers to safety if the ship needs to be abandoned, but they're also used as tender boats in a port where the ship can't dock at a pier.

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You may have other questions about lifeboats, either from curiosity or safety concerns. How reliable are the small vessels? What supplies are on board? Do they have restrooms?

Here are the top things to know about cruise ship lifeboats, so you'll feel safe and confident when heading out on your next voyage.

What does a lifeboat look like?

Lifeboats are orange or yellow watercraft that you'll find lining the sides of the ship. You'll find two main types of lifeboats on many cruise ships: enclosed lifeboats and lifeboat tenders. The majority of cruise ship lifeboats are enclosed lifeboats, which are tough and built with superior watertight integrity, with the ability to easily right themselves if tossed around by rough waves.

Lifeboat tenders are partially enclosed and are designed for two main functions: to serve as a lifeboat if needed and to ferry guests from the ship to the shore during a port call where the vessel can't dock. Lifeboat tenders are more expensive to maintain than traditional lifeboats, so cruise ships will usually have just enough lifeboat tenders to operate port tender service while the rest are the standard enclosed lifeboats.

The interior of a lifeboat includes rows of seating, which may or may not have a seatback. A steering area with windows and a hatch is located toward the top of the vessel. According to lifeboat manufacturer Fassmer, enclosed lifeboats have no windows besides those in the steering area, while lifeboat tenders have windows for viewing the surroundings from the seats. These windows do not open.

Fun fact: When Disney Cruise Line launched in the '90s, regulations required all cruise ship lifeboats to be orange. However, Disney wanted the exteriors of its ships to match the colors of Mickey Mouse, so it requested an exemption to paint its lifeboats yellow to match Mickey's shoes.

The U.S. Coast Guard granted the unique request, and the lifeboats were painted in Mickey's yellow, Pantone 99, which is a patented color that only Disney can use. Since then, other lines, such as Royal Caribbean and Costa Cruises , have painted their lifeboats yellow.

What's the typical capacity of cruise ship lifeboats?

The maximum capacity of a cruise ship lifeboat is 150 people, according to the International Maritime Organization's International Life-Saving Appliance Code. Most cruise ships have lifeboats that can hold this maximum number of passengers because it is easier, more cost-effective and takes up less space to have fewer large lifeboats instead of a greater number of smaller ones.

Despite the LSA's 150-person capacity limit for lifeboats, an exception allows for larger lifeboats on some of the world's largest cruise ships.

Related: Are cruises safe? Here's what you need to know about cruise ship security and safety

Royal Caribbean's massive Oasis of the Seas, which holds 8,880 passengers and crew members in total, was the first ship to use 370-person CRV55 catamaran lifeboats (or "rescue vessels"), designed and built by marine life-saving equipment company Umoe Schat-Harding. The enclosed vessels are unique in that they can be lowered directly from their storage position on the ship into the water (no moving outward needed), and passengers can board on two levels simultaneously, reducing the loading time. Their catamaran-style hull increases stability, while twin diesel engines and twin propellers allow these "mega" lifeboats to move at speeds of up to 6 knots.

On a cruise ship, there must be enough lifeboats to accommodate 37.5% of passengers and crew members on either side (75% total), according to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea. What happens to the other 25%? This leads us to our next question.

Do cruise ships carry inflatable life rafts?

The remaining 25% of passengers that can't be accommodated in the traditional lifeboats can use cruise ship inflatable life rafts. These are generally designated for crew members, while guests will board the lifeboats first — though rafts can also be used for guests if necessary.

Collapsible cruise ship life rafts are stored in fiberglass canisters and usually utilize a high-pressure gas to automatically inflate once deployed. While lifeboats have motors, life rafts do not. They do, however, have oars. Ships may also carry rigid, noninflatable life rafts, but they aren't as common for large cruise vessels.

On newer cruise ships, life rafts may be used with a Marine Evacuation System, which utilizes a fully enclosed inflatable spiral slide to transfer passengers from the embarkation deck to an automatically inflated raft in the water.

If some lifeboats become damaged or can't be lowered during an emergency, cruise ships have extra life rafts to pick up the slack. SOLAS requires that there are enough additional life rafts for 25% of the ship's capacity. Cruise ships have also been designed to allow lifeboats and life rafts to deploy even if the ship is listing up to 20 degrees.

Where are lifeboats located on cruise ships?

Lifeboats are located outside on both sides of the cruise ship, typically stored on or just above one of the middle decks with an outdoor promenade so passengers can easily board them. This spot is ideal because it's a central location for both the upper- and lower-deck cabins, as well as many public indoor and outdoor venues and amenities.

It also works because it keeps the lifeboats high enough out of the water that they won't be in the way when the ship docks and most likely won't be affected by rough waves. On the flip side, it keeps them low enough that they don't have to be lowered the entire height of the ship (plus, no one wants a lifeboat view from the lido pool or their upper-deck suite).

In an emergency, passengers should not head directly to the lifeboats. Instead, every cabin is assigned an assembly station, where they will meet with crew members and be escorted to a lifeboat if an evacuation is deemed necessary. Passengers must attend a muster drill to identify their assembly station and learn about their ship's emergency procedures. These drills must take place before a cruise ship can set sail.

Related: What is a cruise ship muster drill?

What can be found on a lifeboat?

While this list is not exhaustive, here's most of what you'll find on a cruise ship lifeboat, according to the LSA:

• Enough fuel to travel at 6 knots for at least a full day (24 hours)
• 48 hours' worth of anti-seasickness medication per person
• 2 seasickness bags per person
• 3 liters of fresh water per person
• 2,390 calories' worth of food rations per person
• Life jackets
• Enough thermal protective aid suits for 10% of the lifeboat's capacity
• Three can openers
• First aid supplies
• Buoyant oars
• Illuminated compass
• Hand and parachute flares
• Smoke signals
• Survival manual
• One whistle
• One jackknife
• One searchlight that can work continuously for at least three hours
• Portable fire extinguishing equipment
• Fishing gear
• Tools to repair the engine

Do lifeboats have bathrooms?

Traditional 150-person lifeboats don't have toilet facilities, but the 370-person catamaran lifeboats used on Royal Caribbean's Oasis-class ships do.

What are other requirements for lifeboats on cruise ships?

Cruise ship lifeboats must be made of noncombustible and flame-retardant materials, according to SOLAS. Modern lifeboats are usually made of fiberglass.

All seating on the lifeboat must support a person weighing a minimum of 220 pounds. In addition, the lifeboats and the wires that move them up and down must be strong enough to allow the lifeboat to be lowered at full capacity.

How are lifeboats tested?

During the manufacturing process, lifeboats are tested using water weights, which can mimic the weight of passengers in various spots around the vessel. These water weights are pumped to fill and drain with water remotely. They're placed in various spots in the lifeboat throughout the testing period to gather data on how the watercraft would handle passenger weight in various locations and scenarios.

Once a lifeboat is delivered to the shipyard for installation on a ship, the inspections and tests do not stop. Throughout the life of the cruise ship, time, weather and use all mean that — like with any type of equipment — things on the lifeboats will degrade and endure wear and tear over time. This is why SOLAS includes requirements for regular lifeboat drills and inspections.

Related: 15 cruise ship rules you shouldn't break

Cruise crew members conduct weekly and monthly lifeboat inspections and undergo periodic training so lifeboat operations stay fresh in their minds.

A more thorough inspection — by either a certified lifeboat technician from an independent company or an inspector from the lifeboat manufacturer itself — occurs annually. According to the International Maritime Organization, this process includes an inspection of these key components:

• The hull is inspected for cracks, damage or other defects.
• The propulsion system, including the engine, is inspected to ensure it's in good working condition. The cooling, exhaust and fuel systems are also examined.
• The electrical system, including the battery, charging, lighting and communications systems, are checked for defects or malfunctions.
• The maneuvering system is inspected, including the steering mechanism, the rudder and other steering gear.
• Lifeboat equipment, such as life jackets and survival equipment, is examined to ensure it's in good condition.
• The davit and winch system, including the winch and wire ropes, are checked for defects or damage.
• The lifeboat undergoes a load test to ensure that it can withstand its maximum weight of crew and passengers.

Any equipment or systems found to have defects or deficiencies during the inspection are either repaired or replaced.

Bottom line

The chances of passengers ever experiencing an emergency on a cruise that requires abandoning ship via lifeboats is extremely slim. Still, it's good to know your ship is outfitted with safety equipment to give you peace of mind when taking your next cruise.

Planning a cruise? Start with these stories:

• The 5 most desirable cabin locations on any cruise ship
• A beginners guide to picking a cruise line
• The 8 worst cabin locations on any cruise ship
• The ultimate guide to what to pack for a cruise
• A quick guide to the most popular cruise lines
• 21 tips and tricks that will make your cruise go smoothly
• 15 ways cruisers waste money
• The ultimate guide to choosing a cruise ship cabin

Cruise ship lifeboats and rafts: How your ship is prepared for an emergency

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Do cruise ships have enough lifeboats for everyone?

It’s a question that comes to many cruisers’ minds, especially if they’re hesitant about sailing across oceans and seas, far from land.

You can rest assured that cruise lines have many safety systems in place in the rare instance that a major emergency occurs at sea. Among these systems are, of course, the brightly colored lifeboats that you’ll see lining the sides of your ship. Not only are they there to carry passengers to safety if the ship needs to be abandoned, but they’re also used as tender boats in a port where the ship can’t dock at a pier.

For cruise news, reviews and tips, sign up for TPG’s cruise newsletter .

You may have other questions about lifeboats, either from curiosity or safety concerns. How reliable are the small vessels? What supplies are on board? Do they have restrooms?

Here are the top things to know about cruise ship lifeboats, so you’ll feel safe and confident when heading out on your next voyage.

What does a lifeboat look like?

Lifeboats are orange or yellow watercraft that you’ll find lining the sides of the ship. You’ll find two main types of lifeboats on many cruise ships: enclosed lifeboats and lifeboat tenders. The majority of cruise ship lifeboats are enclosed lifeboats, which are tough and built with superior watertight integrity, with the ability to easily right themselves if tossed around by rough waves.

Lifeboat tenders are partially enclosed and are designed for two main functions: to serve as a lifeboat if needed and to ferry guests from the ship to the shore during a port call where the vessel can’t dock. Lifeboat tenders are more expensive to maintain than traditional lifeboats, so cruise ships will usually have just enough lifeboat tenders to operate port tender service while the rest are the standard enclosed lifeboats.

The interior of a lifeboat includes rows of seating, which may or may not have a seatback. A steering area with windows and a hatch is located toward the top of the vessel. According to lifeboat manufacturer Fassmer, enclosed lifeboats have no windows besides those in the steering area, while lifeboat tenders have windows for viewing the surroundings from the seats. These windows do not open.

Fun fact: When Disney Cruise Line launched in the ‘90s, regulations required all cruise ship lifeboats to be orange. However, Disney wanted the exteriors of its ships to match the colors of Mickey Mouse, so it requested an exemption to paint its lifeboats yellow to match Mickey’s shoes.

The U.S. Coast Guard granted the unique request, and the lifeboats were painted in Mickey’s yellow, Pantone 99, which is a patented color that only Disney can use. Since then, other lines, such as Royal Caribbean and Costa Cruises , have painted their lifeboats yellow.

What’s the typical capacity of cruise ship lifeboats?

The maximum capacity of a cruise ship lifeboat is 150 people, according to the International Maritime Organization’s International Life-Saving Appliance Code. Most cruise ships have lifeboats that can hold this maximum number of passengers because it is easier, more cost-effective and takes up less space to have fewer large lifeboats instead of a greater number of smaller ones.

Despite the LSA’s 150-person capacity limit for lifeboats, an exception allows for larger lifeboats on some of the world’s largest cruise ships.

Related: Are cruises safe? Here’s what you need to know about cruise ship security and safety

Royal Caribbean’s massive Oasis of the Seas, which holds 8,880 passengers and crew members in total, was the first ship to use 370-person CRV55 catamaran lifeboats (or “rescue vessels”), designed and built by marine life-saving equipment company Umoe Schat-Harding. The enclosed vessels are unique in that they can be lowered directly from their storage position on the ship into the water (no moving outward needed), and passengers can board on two levels simultaneously, reducing the loading time. Their catamaran-style hull increases stability, while twin diesel engines and twin propellers allow these “mega” lifeboats to move at speeds of up to 6 knots.

On a cruise ship, there must be enough lifeboats to accommodate 37.5% of passengers and crew members on either side (75% total), according to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea. What happens to the other 25%? This leads us to our next question.

Do cruise ships carry inflatable life rafts?

The remaining 25% of passengers that can’t be accommodated in the traditional lifeboats can use cruise ship inflatable life rafts. These are generally designated for crew members, while guests will board the lifeboats first — though rafts can also be used for guests if necessary.

Collapsible cruise ship life rafts are stored in fiberglass canisters and usually utilize a high-pressure gas to automatically inflate once deployed. While lifeboats have motors, life rafts do not. They do, however, have oars. Ships may also carry rigid, noninflatable life rafts, but they aren’t as common for large cruise vessels.

On newer cruise ships, life rafts may be used with a Marine Evacuation System, which utilizes a fully enclosed inflatable spiral slide to transfer passengers from the embarkation deck to an automatically inflated raft in the water.

If some lifeboats become damaged or can’t be lowered during an emergency, cruise ships have extra life rafts to pick up the slack. SOLAS requires that there are enough additional life rafts for 25% of the ship’s capacity. Cruise ships have also been designed to allow lifeboats and life rafts to deploy even if the ship is listing up to 20 degrees.

Where are lifeboats located on cruise ships?

Lifeboats are located outside on both sides of the cruise ship, typically stored on or just above one of the middle decks with an outdoor promenade so passengers can easily board them. This spot is ideal because it’s a central location for both the upper- and lower-deck cabins, as well as many public indoor and outdoor venues and amenities.

It also works because it keeps the lifeboats high enough out of the water that they won’t be in the way when the ship docks and most likely won’t be affected by rough waves. On the flip side, it keeps them low enough that they don’t have to be lowered the entire height of the ship (plus, no one wants a lifeboat view from the lido pool or their upper-deck suite).

In an emergency, passengers should not head directly to the lifeboats. Instead, every cabin is assigned an assembly station, where they will meet with crew members and be escorted to a lifeboat if an evacuation is deemed necessary. Passengers must attend a muster drill to identify their assembly station and learn about their ship’s emergency procedures. These drills must take place before a cruise ship can set sail.

Related: What is a cruise ship muster drill?

What can be found on a lifeboat?

While this list is not exhaustive, here’s most of what you’ll find on a cruise ship lifeboat, according to the LSA:

• Enough fuel to travel at 6 knots for at least a full day (24 hours)
• 48 hours’ worth of anti-seasickness medication per person
• 2 seasickness bags per person
• 3 liters of fresh water per person
• 2,390 calories’ worth of food rations per person
• Life jackets
• Enough thermal protective aid suits for 10% of the lifeboat’s capacity
• Three can openers
• First aid supplies
• Buoyant oars
• Illuminated compass
• Hand and parachute flares
• Smoke signals
• Survival manual
• One whistle
• One jackknife
• One searchlight that can work continuously for at least three hours
• Portable fire extinguishing equipment
• Fishing gear
• Tools to repair the engine

Do lifeboats have bathrooms?

Traditional 150-person lifeboats don’t have toilet facilities, but the 370-person catamaran lifeboats used on Royal Caribbean’s Oasis-class ships do.

What are other requirements for lifeboats on cruise ships?

Cruise ship lifeboats must be made of noncombustible and flame-retardant materials, according to SOLAS. Modern lifeboats are usually made of fiberglass.

All seating on the lifeboat must support a person weighing a minimum of 220 pounds. In addition, the lifeboats and the wires that move them up and down must be strong enough to allow the lifeboat to be lowered at full capacity.

How are lifeboats tested?

During the manufacturing process, lifeboats are tested using water weights, which can mimic the weight of passengers in various spots around the vessel. These water weights are pumped to fill and drain with water remotely. They’re placed in various spots in the lifeboat throughout the testing period to gather data on how the watercraft would handle passenger weight in various locations and scenarios.

Once a lifeboat is delivered to the shipyard for installation on a ship, the inspections and tests do not stop. Throughout the life of the cruise ship, time, weather and use all mean that — like with any type of equipment — things on the lifeboats will degrade and endure wear and tear over time. This is why SOLAS includes requirements for regular lifeboat drills and inspections.

Related: 15 cruise ship rules you shouldn’t break

Cruise crew members conduct weekly and monthly lifeboat inspections and undergo periodic training so lifeboat operations stay fresh in their minds.

A more thorough inspection — by either a certified lifeboat technician from an independent company or an inspector from the lifeboat manufacturer itself — occurs annually. According to the International Maritime Organization, this process includes an inspection of these key components:

• The hull is inspected for cracks, damage or other defects.
• The propulsion system, including the engine, is inspected to ensure it’s in good working condition. The cooling, exhaust and fuel systems are also examined.
• The electrical system, including the battery, charging, lighting and communications systems, are checked for defects or malfunctions.
• The maneuvering system is inspected, including the steering mechanism, the rudder and other steering gear.
• Lifeboat equipment, such as life jackets and survival equipment, is examined to ensure it’s in good condition.
• The davit and winch system, including the winch and wire ropes, are checked for defects or damage.
• The lifeboat undergoes a load test to ensure that it can withstand its maximum weight of crew and passengers.

Any equipment or systems found to have defects or deficiencies during the inspection are either repaired or replaced.

Bottom line

The chances of passengers ever experiencing an emergency on a cruise that requires abandoning ship via lifeboats is extremely slim. Still, it’s good to know your ship is outfitted with safety equipment to give you peace of mind when taking your next cruise.

Planning a cruise? Start with these stories:

• The 5 most desirable cabin locations on any cruise ship
• A beginners guide to picking a cruise line
• The 8 worst cabin locations on any cruise ship
• The ultimate guide to what to pack for a cruise
• A quick guide to the most popular cruise lines
• 21 tips and tricks that will make your cruise go smoothly
• 15 ways cruisers waste money
• The ultimate guide to choosing a cruise ship cabin

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And when you do spend on dining, you should use a credit card that will maximize your rewards and potentially even score special discounts. Thanks to temporary card bonuses and changes due to coronavirus, you may even be able to score a meal at your favorite restaurant for free. 

These are the best credit cards for dining out, taking out, and ordering in to maximize every meal purchase.

Editorial Disclaimer: Opinions expressed here are the author’s alone, not those of any bank, credit card issuer, airlines or hotel chain, and have not been reviewed, approved or otherwise endorsed by any of these entities.

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The Alternative to Huge Cruises? 3 Masts, 28 Sails and Wind Power.

We checked out the 136-passenger Sea Cloud Spirit on a Mediterranean cruise. In this era of gargantuan ships, its elegant clipper design, wooden decks and relatively small size stands out.

By Ceylan Yeğinsu

From the bridge of the three-masted windjammer, the Sea Cloud Spirit , the captain called out the words we’d all been waiting for.

“Let’s set the sails!” he cried, after turning off the engines, while maneuvering to maintain an optimum angle for his 18 deckhands to climb into the shrouds and unfurl the ship’s 44,132 square feet of sails by hand.

Like acrobats, the crew scurried up the masts to the upper topgallant sails that rose nearly 200 feet above us. The ship’s captain, Vukota Stojanovic, later insisted that none of it was for show. “Whenever there is an opportunity to sail, we sail,” he said.

For the next hour, the crew hauled the ropes until the 28 sails were billowing in the wind, propelling the 452-foot-long ship — the world’s largest passenger sailing vessel on which the sails are raised by hand — toward its first port of call, Portofino, Italy.

At a time when cruise lines are packing their ever-more-gargantuan ships with water parks and basketball courts, the 136-passenger Sea Cloud Spirit, with its old-fashioned clipper design and wooden decks, stands out. It is the newest ship from the Hamburg-based Sea Cloud Cruises , and while it is the company’s biggest, Sea Cloud said it wanted to leave space for passengers to connect to the surrounding elements.

“Wherever you are on the ship, it feels like you are sitting on the water,” said Amelia Dominick, 71, a retired real estate agent from Cologne, Germany, who was on her third cruise onboard the Sea Cloud Spirit.

I had arrived for a four-night “taster sailing” from Nice, France, to the Ligurian region of Italy, designed to entice passengers to sign up for a longer cruise. Here’s what I found.

The ship and cabins

The Spirit has many comforts and luxuries, including a fitness center, library, hair salon and a spa with a Finnish sauna that overlooks the sea. The deck layouts are spacious, with nooks carved out for privacy and relaxation.

Sixty-nine spacious cabins have windows that open onto the sea. My room, a junior suite on the third deck, had two large arched windows, mahogany tables, a balcony and a comfortable couch and armchair. The marble bathroom was lavish, with a gold-plated sink and large jetted bathtub.

The elegant interior design is inspired by the original Sea Cloud, built in 1931 for Marjorie Merriweather Post, the American heiress of the General Foods Corporation, with glossy wooden panels and gold trimmings. The Sea Cloud was the largest private sailing yacht in the world before Post handed it over to the U.S. Navy for use as a weather-reporting vessel during World War II. The four-mast, 64-passenger ship has since been restored to its former glory and will sail across the Aegean and Adriatic this summer.

The experience felt authentic — even before the sails were set — with a detailed safety drill. On most cruises, the drill entails a safety video and signing in at an assembly point. But here, passengers put on their life jackets and walked through emergency scenarios that included rationing food supplies and fishing from the lifeboat.

Each day, the sails were set, even during heavy rain and wind speeds over 30 knots. Guests wanting to participate in the rigging are usually invited to do so, but the weather conditions made it too risky for this sailing.

“It was amazing to watch the work go into putting the sails up and down and to experience the wind power pulling the ship so fast without the engines,” said Malte Rahnenfuehrer, a 50-year-old psychologist from Zurich, who was traveling with his partner and two children.

The captain

It is rare for cruise passengers to see the ship’s captain after the initial welcome drinks or gala dinner. But Capt. Vukota Stojanovic was omnipresent throughout the cruise, from setting sails to lifeguarding to mingling with guests.

Originally from Montenegro, Captain Stojanovic piloted container ships for years. When he was asked to consider helming the original Sea Cloud nearly 10 years ago, he hesitated because he had no experience sailing. Even after he learned the ropes — and there are 340 ropes (known as running rigging) on the vessel — he was unsure. “I grew to love the sailings, the boats, the crew the lifestyle, but I still felt I belonged on container ships,” he said. “It would be a big adjustment, especially because I would have to shave every day,” he joked.

Eventually, he accepted the opportunity and worked tirelessly to learn how to sail and operate the ship. Today, he keeps an “open bridge” policy, allowing passengers to visit the control room, even when he is wrestling with the wind.

“The crew and the passengers are all part of the experience, and I like to meet people and receive their feedback,” Captain Stojanovic said.

Environment

Sea Cloud Cruises aspires to take a “gentle” approach, using wind power to drive its ships wherever possible, even if that means changing course for optimal weather conditions. When sailing is not possible, the Spirit has two diesel-electric engines that run on low-sulfur marine diesel fuel. The company is also working with ports that have shore power capabilities to plug into the local electric power.

Onboard, there is an emphasis on reusable bottles and paper straws, and crew members separate solid waste to be compacted and removed when in port.

Excursions and Activities

We made stops in Portofino, San Remo, Italy, and St.-Tropez, France, anchoring offshore and getting to land by tender — a contrast to the big cruise ships with their loud horns and thick plumes of exhaust spewing from their funnels.

For passengers wanting to take a dip (there is no pool), the crew marked an area in the water with floats and an inflatable slide. The water was frigid, but many passengers took the plunge from the swimming deck. Guests could also take “Zodiac Safaris” around the ship to get views of the vessel from the water.

Excursions ranged from food and wine tours to e-biking and beach trips. In Portofino, passengers were free to explore the sights independently, including the Castello Brown Fortress and the lighthouse on Punta del Capo rock. There was ample time to eat meals on shore as the ship did not depart until 11 p.m. Over the summer, the Sea Cloud Spirit will sail to Spain, Portugal, France and the Azores, among other destinations. On Nov. 11, she will depart for St. Maarten in the Caribbean for the winter.

Wherever the vessel goes, said Mirell Reyes, president of Sea Cloud Cruise for North America, the company tries to “stay away from the crowds and ports where big cruise ships spit out 6,000 passengers.”

Summer prices, which include food and beverages, range from $3,995 for a four-night sailing in a superior cabin to $9,420 for a veranda suite. Seven-night sailings cost between $6,995 and $16,495.

Follow New York Times Travel on Instagram and sign up for our weekly Travel Dispatch newsletter to get expert tips on traveling smarter and inspiration for your next vacation. Dreaming up a future getaway or just armchair traveling? Check out our 52 Places to Go in 2024 .

Ceylan Yeginsu is a travel reporter for The Times who frequently writes about the cruise industry and Europe, where she is based. More about Ceylan Yeğinsu

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