mn travel vaccine

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Travel Medicine Clinics Overview

A visit to a Mayo Clinic travel medicine clinic before you depart on an international trip can help ensure a safer, smoother experience.

If you're planning a trip overseas, make one of your first stops a consultation with specialists in the travel medicine clinics at Mayo's campuses in Arizona, Florida and Minnesota. Availability of services may vary among locations. Please confirm when you request an appointment.

You meet with a travel medicine specialist who is knowledgeable about current health risks worldwide and who will promote safe and healthy travels by offering counseling, recommendations, vaccinations, prescriptions and, if needed, a referral to another expert for complex medical conditions.

Virtual visits

You might be eligible for virtual pretravel consultations. If you're interested in this option, talk with the patient appointment specialist when you contact us to schedule an appointment.

COVID-19 and international travel

International travel has become more complex due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and some countries have exit and entry requirements. Your travel medicine specialist will be able to help you prepare for these requirements so that you have a smoother travel experience.

Before your trip

Schedule an appointment for a pretravel consultation with a Mayo Clinic travel medicine clinic well before you depart so the travel medicine specialist can help you prepare. Ideally, this appointment would occur as soon as travel plans are established and at least two weeks — and preferably 4-8 weeks — before departure. When requesting an appointment for pretravel consultation, be prepared to inform the patient appointment specialist of the following:

• All countries being visited
• Dates and duration of travel
• Any unusual circumstances

At or preferably before the appointment, you will want to provide copies of all available immunization records (including the International Certificate of Vaccination, commonly referred to as the yellow card). Doing so will expedite your clinic visit and may decrease the number of vaccines you are advised to receive.

Your in-depth pre-travel consultation may include:

• A country-by-country assessment of all health risks specific for your travel itinerary, such as exotic infectious agents, altitude sickness and heat exhaustion
• A review of your medical and immunization history profile with advice for health promotion and illness prevention
• Advice for the high-risk traveler
• Immunization recommendations, counseling and administration of vaccines to prevent illnesses
• Vector precautions counseling
• Malaria prevention counseling, with prescriptions if needed
• Traveler's diarrhea counseling for prevention and self-treatment, with antibiotic prescription if needed
• Identification of health resources in the countries you'll be visiting
• Counseling on travel-related risks such as altitude sickness, with preventive prescriptions if needed
• An opportunity to ask questions about the unique health and safety concerns for your travel itinerary

You will leave your travel medicine clinic appointment with much helpful and up-to-date information.

After your trip

• Depending on where you're going and for how long, the travel clinic may recommend a routine follow-up evaluation after your return.
• If you return sick, the travel clinic staff members are Mayo Clinic infectious diseases experts who provide comprehensive post-travel consultations for evaluation and treatment of travel-related illness, including parasitic and other diseases common to tropical regions but uncommon in the United States.
• Mayo Clinic Travel Medicine Clinic
• 5881 E. Mayo Blvd. Phoenix, AZ 85054
• Phone: 480-342-0115
• 4500 San Pablo Road Jacksonville, FL 32224
• Phone: 904-953-0774
• Mayo Clinic Travel and Geographic Medicine Clinic
• 200 First St. SW East 6A, Mayo Building Rochester, MN 55905
• Phone: 507-255-7763 (toll-fee)
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Central Minnesota Travel Medicine

Stay healthy while traveling.

When you are checking off your list of things to do before taking a trip outside of the country, don’t forget your Travel Medicine appointment.

We offer pre-travel counseling, required immunizations, water/food safety education, and other health-related traveling tips for people planning international travel.

Our Travel Medicine specialist reviews how your medical history relates to your specific travel plans. We’ll research where you are traveling and share with you the most up-to-date information, including:

• Immunizations and medications: what you may need and when you need it.
• Recent local health concerns: what’s the latest local health news?
• Dietary advice: what to eat and what to avoid.
• Availability of health care in the area: what’s available and when.
• Potential political unrest and other safety issues: how it could affect you.
• Follow-up care upon your return: scheduling it before you go.

Appointment Scheduling

Anyone requiring pre-travel immunizations should call to schedule an appointment. Many travel-related immunizations are needed at least 30 days prior to traveling . Make your travel medicine appointment as you begin to plan your trip. Ideally, it should be at least six weeks prior to your trip. The earlier the appointment, the more time immunizations have to take effect.

To schedule a Travel Medicine appointment: • St. Cloud and Sartell locations, call 320-200-3200 • Willmar location, call 320-441-5313

While many services are covered by insurance, it is important for you to check with your insurance provider to determine whether these travel medicine services are covered by your plan.

For more information about immunizations required for travel, please visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Travelers' Health website .

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What vaccines do you need to travel?

The vaccines you need will depend on where you’re traveling and what you will be doing during your travels. Walgreens pharmacists are able to assist in helping you determine which vaccines you may need.

Which travel vaccines are available at Walgreens?

Travel vaccines Walgreens offers include: Yellow Fever, Meningitis, Polio, Typhoid, Japanese Encephalitis, Tick-Borne Encephalitis, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and Rabies*.

*Vaccines offered at Walgreens vary by state, age and health conditions. Talk to your local pharmacist about availability.

What other vaccines should I have before traveling?

It’s important to be up-to-date on routine vaccinations before traveling as well—like Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR), Tetanus, Flu and COVID-19.

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News Release Aug. 28, 2024

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Increasing measles cases in metro area highlight need for vaccination

Anyone who is not vaccinated is at risk of getting sick from measles.

Health officials are urging families to make sure they are up to date on their measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine as a measles outbreak continues to impact unvaccinated children in the Twin Cities metro area.  

Measles is a highly contagious rash illness that spreads easily by coughing, sneezing or even being in the same room with someone who has measles. It can be spread before someone shows symptoms. The virus can remain in the air for up to two hours after an infected person leaves an area. Measles can cause serious disease leading to hospitalization and even death.  

Since May, 30 cases of measles have been reported in Minnesota as part of this outbreak. Initial cases were reported in May and June, but the outbreak started to take off at the end of July. Cases have ranged in age from 7 months to 10 years, with one case in an adult, and about 1 in 3 cases have required hospitalization. So far, the outbreak is largely affecting unvaccinated children in the Somali community in Minnesota. However, anyone who is not vaccinated is at risk of getting sick with measles.

“Measles is currently circulating, and infections can be severe,” said Dr. Ruth Lynfield, state epidemiologist and medical director at the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH). “I urge all parents to be sure that their children are vaccinated because we know that vaccination offers the best protection.”

After over 50 years of use, the MMR vaccine has been shown to be safe to receive and works to prevent measles. General recommendations for MMR vaccine are for children to get two doses, one at 12-15 months of age and one at 4-6 years of age, although a second dose can be given earlier.  

“While parents may not be able to protect their kids from all the risks that come with childhood, you can protect your child from measles. The MMR vaccine is extremely effective at protecting kids, families and the entire community," said Dr. Abdul Abdi, pediatrician at Children's Minnesota. "Some families seem concerned that the MMR vaccine is somehow linked to autism, but this is a myth. Regrettably, vaccination rates against measles have dropped significantly in our Somali community over the past 10-15 years, yet the number of autism cases have not decreased. This clearly demonstrates that there is no link between the MMR vaccine and autism."

There are other notable reasons to get vaccinated beyond preventing illness. Unvaccinated people exposed to measles need to stay home and away from others (quarantine) for 21 days. This means missing school, social and family events, religious events and gatherings, work, vacations and more.  

In addition to school starting, there are some upcoming events in the Twin Cities metro area that could bring together large numbers of people, such as the Islamic Association of North America Annual Convention on Sept. 1 and the Annual Minnesota Muslim Convention on Sept. 14. Health officials urge attendees of these and other big events to be vaccinated and to stay home if they are not vaccinated and have been exposed to measles.  

“We look forward to a wonderful convention this Sunday, Sept. 1, and we want the health and safety of all of those attending, and our broader community, to be a top priority. We ask that people consider their vaccination status before attending and to please make sure children are receiving their MMR vaccine when recommended,” said Sheikh Yusuf Abdulle, executive director of Islamic Association of North America (IANA).

MDH encourages parents/guardians to check their child’s immunization records to see what vaccines they may need. Minnesotans can visit  Find My Immunization Record for more information. Most people born before 1957 have had measles disease and are considered immune.

Children can get vaccinated at their regular clinic. The Minnesota Vaccines for Children program (MnVFC) provides Free or Low-cost Vaccines for Children in Minnesota who are uninsured, enrolled in a Minnesota health care program like Medical Assistance or MinnesotaCare, or children who are American Indian or Alaska Natives. Over 750 health care providers in Minnesota are enrolled in MnVFC and approximately half of Minnesotan children are eligible.  

Children who do not have health insurance to cover vaccines can also get vaccinated through local public health departments. Check your county government website to find a local public health immunization clinic.

Local public health immunization clinics in the metro area include:  

• Anoka County: Immunization Clinic (PDF)
• Carver County: Immunization Services
• Dakota County: Vaccine Clinics
• Hennepin County: Childhood Immunizations
• City of Bloomington: Public Health
• City of Minneapolis: Vaccines  
• Ramsey County: Immunization Clinic
• Scott County: Public Health Clinics
• Washington County: Immunization Clinics

Initial symptoms of measles include a high fever, cough, runny nose and watery eyes followed by a rash that spreads from the head to the rest of the body. It generally takes eight to 12 days from exposure for someone with measles to develop the first symptoms.  

If symptoms develop, people should call their health care provider before going to a clinic. By calling first, the clinic can give you instructions for where to go. This avoids unintentionally exposing other people to measles in the waiting room.  

For more information, go to the MDH measles website.

Media inquiries: Danielle Ryan MDH Communications 651-392-1097  [email protected]  

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At a glance

• Vaccination is one of the best ways parents can protect infants, children, and teens from 16 potentially harmful diseases.
• Immunizations are not just for children.
• Adults also are at risk for some vaccine-preventable diseases.
• Find out which vaccines are recommended for you and your family members based on your ages.

Babies and toddlers

Your baby’s birth is an exciting time. This is also your first opportunity to protect your child from serious diseases with immunizations.

Hepatitis B vaccine

1st dose of 3

Hepatitis B is an infectious and potentially serious disease that can cause liver damage and liver cancer. There is no cure for hepatitis B. Mothers can unknowingly pass the hepatitis B virus to their babies at birth, which is why babies should get their first dose within 24 hours of birth.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine

RSV is a common cause of severe respiratory illness in infants and young children. Those infected with RSV can have difficulty breathing and eating, and sometimes may need respiratory support or hydration in the hospital. An RSV immunization uses monoclonal antibodies to protect infants and young children from severe RSV disease. This immunization gives your baby's body extra help to fight an RSV infection.

Infants younger than 8 months old during RSV season (typically fall through spring) should get a one-dose RSV immunization to protect them against RSV. This dose should be given shortly before or during the RSV season.

Learn more about these vaccines:

1 through 2 months

Protect your baby by providing immunity early in life. Starting at 1 to 2 months of age, your baby receives the following vaccines to develop immunity from potentially harmful diseases.

DTaP vaccine

1st dose of 5

A DTaP vaccine is the best protection from three serious diseases: diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough (pertussis). All three of these diseases can be deadly for people of any age, and whooping cough is especially dangerous for babies.

Hib vaccine

1st dose of 3 or 4

Hib disease is a serious illness caused by the bacteria Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Babies and children younger than 5 years old are most at risk for Hib disease. It can cause lifelong disability and be deadly. Doctors recommend that your child get three or four doses of the Hib vaccine (depending on the brand).

2nd dose of 3

Hepatitis B is an infectious and potentially serious disease that can cause liver damage and liver cancer. If babies are infected at birth, hepatitis B can be a lifelong, chronic infection. There is no cure for hepatitis B, but the hepatitis B vaccine is the best way to prevent it.

1st dose of 4

Polio is a disabling and life-threatening disease caused by poliovirus, which can infect the spinal cord and cause paralysis. It most often sickens children younger than 5 years old. Polio was eliminated in the United States with vaccination, and continued use of polio vaccine has kept this country polio-free.

Pneumococcal disease can cause potentially serious and even deadly infections. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine protects against the bacteria that cause pneumococcal disease.

Rotavirus vaccine

1st dose of 2 or 3

Rotavirus can be very dangerous, even deadly for babies and young children. Doctors recommend that your child get two or three doses of the rotavirus vaccine (depending on the brand).

Protect your baby by providing immunity early in life. Stay on track with the recommended vaccine schedule.

At 4 months of age, your baby receives the following vaccines to develop immunity from potentially harmful diseases.

2nd dose of 5

2nd dose of 3 or 4

2nd dose of 4

2nd dose of 2 or 3

Rotavirus can be very dangerous, even deadly for babies and young children. Doctors recommend that your child get two or three doses of the Rotavirus vaccine (depending on the brand).

At 6 months of age, your baby receives vaccines to develop immunity from potentially harmful diseases.

COVID-19 vaccine

CDC recommends COVID-19 vaccination for everyone aged 6 months and older.

3 rd dose of 5

3 rd dose of 4

3rd dose of 3

3 rd dose of 3

7 through 11 months

There are usually no vaccinations scheduled between 7 and 11 months of age. However, if your baby has missed an earlier vaccination, now is a good time to "catch up."

Flu vaccine

Babies 6 months and older should receive flu vaccination every flu season.

12 through 23 months

By following the recommended schedule and fully immunizing your child by 2 years of age, your child should be protected against 16 vaccine preventable diseases.

Between 12 and 23 months of age, your child receives the following vaccines to continue developing immunity from potentially harmful diseases.

Chickenpox vaccine

1 st dose of 2

Chickenpox is a very contagious disease known for its itchy, blister-like rash and a fever. Chickenpox is a mild disease for many, but can be serious, even life-threatening, especially in babies, teenagers, pregnant women, and people with weakened immune systems.

4 th dose of 5

Children should receive flu vaccination every flu season.

Hepatitis A vaccine

1 st Dose of 2

Hepatitis A can be a serious, even fatal liver disease caused by the hepatitis A virus. Children with the virus often don't have symptoms, but they often pass the disease to others, including their unvaccinated parents or caregivers.

3 rd dose of 3 between 6 months and 18 months

3 rd dose of 3 or 4 th dose of 4

3 rd dose of 4 between 6 months and 18 months

MMR vaccine

The MMR vaccine helps prevent three diseases: measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles). These diseases are contagious and can be serious.

4 th dose of 4

2 through 3 years

Between 2 and 3 years of age, your child should visit the doctor once a year for check-ups.

Young children

4 through 6 years.

Between 4 through 6 years of age, your child should visit the doctor once a year for check-ups. During this time, your child receives the following vaccines.

2nd dose of 2

5th dose of 5

4th dose of 4

7 through 10 years

Between 7 and 10 years of age, your child should visit the doctor once a year for check-ups.

Vaccines your child may have missed

Now is a good time for your child to catch up on any missed vaccines. Make an appointment for your child to get caught up if they haven't received vaccines to protect against any of the following diseases:

• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis B
• Measles , mumps , and rubella
• Tetanus , diphtheria , and  whooping cough (pertussis)

Preteens and teens

11 through 12 years.

There are four vaccines recommended for preteens—these vaccines help protect your children, their friends, and their family members.

HPV vaccine

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus that can cause several cancers in men and women. HPV vaccination is recommended at ages 11-12 years to help protect against cancers caused by HPV infection. For best protection, most children this age will need two shots of the HPV vaccine, 6-12 months apart.

MenACWY vaccine

1st dose of 2

Meningococcal disease can refer to any illness caused by a type of bacteria called Neisseria meningitidis. These bacteria can cause meningococcal meningitis or bloodstream infections, which can be serious, even deadly. The meningococcal vaccine called MenACWY helps protect against four types of the bacteria that causes meningococcal disease (serogroups A, C, W, and Y).

Tdap vaccine

A Tdap booster shot protects older children from three serious diseases—diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough (pertussis). While people of any age in the United States can get all three of these potentially deadly diseases, whooping cough is most common. Preteens and teens who get whooping cough may cough for 10 weeks or more, possibly leading to rib fractures from severe coughing.

13 through 18 years

Between 13 through 18 years old, your child should visit the doctor once each year for check-ups. This can be a great time to get any vaccines your teen may have missed or may need if traveling outside the United States.

MenB vaccine

Meningococcal disease can refer to any illness caused by a type of bacteria called Neisseria meningitidis. These bacteria can cause meningococcal meningitis and bloodstream infections, which can be serious, even deadly. Meningococcal B vaccine, or MenB vaccine, helps protect against one type of the bacteria that causes meningococcal disease (serogroup B).

Note: CDC does not routinely recommend MenB vaccine for all adolescents. Instead, healthcare providers and parents can discuss the risk of the disease and weigh the risks and benefits of vaccination.

MenABCWY vaccine

Meningococcal disease can refer to any illness caused by a type of bacteria called Neisseria meningitidis. These bacteria can cause meningococcal meningitis and bloodstream infections, which can be serious, even deadly. Pentavalent meningococcal vaccine, or MenABCWY vaccine, helps protect against five types of the bacteria that causes meningococcal disease (serogroups A, B, C, W, and Y).

Note: MenABCWY vaccine can be given instead of MenACWY and MenB vaccines when both of those vaccines are being given at the same visit. MenABCWY is not given in addition to those two vaccines.

19 through 26 years

All adults ages 19 through 26 years old should make sure they're up to date on the vaccines listed below. You may need other vaccines based on other factors, too. Talk with your doctor to learn which vaccines are recommended for you.

Adults who have never had chickenpox or received chickenpox vaccine should get 2 doses. The doses should be at least 28 days apart.

All adults need a seasonal flu vaccine every year. Flu vaccine is especially important for people with chronic health conditions and pregnant women.

The hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for all adults, age 19 through 59 years.

If you were not vaccinated at a younger age (HPV vaccination is routinely recommended at age 11 or 12 years), then you should also get an HPV vaccine.

Adults who do not have presumptive evidence of immunity should get at least one dose of MMR vaccine. Students at post-high school educational institutions who do not have presumptive evidence of immunity need two doses of MMR vaccine, separated by at least 28 days.

Td or Tdap vaccine

Every adult should get the Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis) vaccine once if they did not receive it as an adolescent to protect against pertussis (whooping cough), and then a Td (tetanus, diphtheria) booster shot every 10 years.

In addition, women should get the Tdap vaccine each time they are pregnant, preferably at 27 through 36 weeks.

27 through 49 years

All adults ages 27 to 49 years should make sure they’re up to date on the vaccines listed below. You may need other vaccines based on other factors, too. Talk with your doctor to learn which vaccines are recommended for you.

50 through 64 years

All adults ages 50 to 64 years should make sure they’re up to date on the vaccines listed below. You may need other vaccines based on other factors, too. Talk with your doctor to learn which vaccines are recommended for you.

All adults need a seasonal flu vaccine every year. Flu vaccine is especially important for people with chronic health conditions.

Shingles vaccine

Adults 50 years and older get two doses of the shingles vaccine to prevent shingles and complications from the disease.

65 years or older

As we get older, our immune systems tend to weaken over time, putting us at higher risk for certain diseases.

All adults ages 65 years or older should make sure they’re up to date on the vaccines listed below. You may need other vaccines based on other factors, too. Talk with your doctor to learn which vaccines are recommended for you.

Pneumococcal vaccine

CDC recommends PCV vaccines for adults who never received a PCV and are age 65 years or older.

Adults aged 60 years or older should talk to their healthcare provider about getting a single dose of RSV vaccine.

Vaccines & Immunizations

Vaccination is one of the best things you can do to help protect yourself from serious diseases.

For Everyone

Health care providers, public health.

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How and Where to Get COVID-19 Vaccines in Minnesota

Key details .

• Updated versions of the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines have been approved for the 2024-2025 season and they target a more recent strain of the virus called KP.2 that was behind much of this summer’s surge in COVID-19 cases.
• It’s recommended that nearly everyone get an updated vaccine once it is available.
• Vaccines are available at pharmacies, clinics and doctor’s offices. Search for vaccination sites by ZIP code at Vaccines.gov .

Which vaccines are available, and who can get them?

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says everyone 6 months and older should get an updated 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine.

• Pfizer and Moderna: The updated  mRNA  vaccines were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in August and replace previous versions of the vaccine. The CDC recommends that people 6 months and older get the updated vaccine (no longer referred to as a booster), which targets  a more recent strain of the omicron variant. People 5 and older — and especially adults age 65 and older, those living in a long-term care facility, and those who are at high risk of severe disease from a coronavirus infection — should get one dose of the updated vaccine, regardless of how many and which vaccines they previously received. Children 6 months to 4 years old may need more than one shot, depending on their age and vaccination status, according to  CDC recommendations .

• Novavax: The vaccine uses a more  traditional (protein-based) technology and has been authorized by the FDA for people 12 and older. Novavax’s vaccine for 2024-2025 should be available soon, pending FDA sign-off, and will target JN.1, which is the parent strain of currently circulating variants. You will need two shots given three to eight weeks apart for a full primary series. You may get a single dose if you’ve been previously vaccinated and have not received an updated Pfizer or Moderna mRNA vaccine.

People with compromised immune systems may receive additional doses, depending on their vaccination history. More information is available at the CDC’s website .

Where can I get a vaccine?

Vaccines are administered at retail pharmacies, including Walgreens , Walmart and CVS , clinics and other locations, such as doctor’s offices. Use the federal government’s website Vaccines.gov to search for vaccination sites by ZIP code. Get the same information by texting your ZIP code to 438829 or by calling 800-232-0233. You can check with your primary care physician’s office to see if COVID-19 vaccinations are offered. If you are a veteran, the Department of Veterans Affairs offers COVID-19 vaccinations at VA facilities. Sign up online or call 800-827-1000 to make an appointment. More information about COVID-19 vaccines also is available at the Minnesota Department of Health website, on the health department’s Facebook page or by calling (651) 201-5000.

Do I have to pay for the vaccination?

The federal government no longer covers the cost of the vaccines, but most people with Medicare, Medicaid or private insurance will not have to pay out of pocket for the shot. If you are uninsured, contact your local or state public health department or a nearby federally qualified health center about vaccination opportunities. Children 18 and younger may qualify to receive no-cost or low-cost vaccines through the federal Vaccines for Children (VFC) Program . Minnesota residents can check whether their children or minors in their care qualify for the Minnesota Vaccines for Children (MnVFC) program .

What should I bring to my vaccine appointment?

Some vaccination sites ask for proof of identity or eligibility. Bring a driver’s license or other state-issued ID that shows your name, age and state residency, along with your health insurance and vaccination cards, if you have them.

Do I need to bring my vaccine card?

The CDC no longer distributes vaccine cards, and  they are not required to receive a vaccine . If you’ve lost your vaccine card, you can call the site where you were vaccinated to request a new one or a copy of your vaccination record. You also can get a copy of your vaccination record by downloading it from the Docket app, getting it from your health care provider if they participate in the Minnesota Immunization Information Connection (MIIC) , or by requesting a copy directly from MIIC . To access your MIIC record, visit Find My Immunization Record .

What are the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine? 

It’s not uncommon to experience mild to moderate side effects after getting vaccinated, such as soreness in the arm, headache, fatigue, muscle and joint pain, nausea, fever or chills — but these are temporary “and normal signs that your body is building protection,” the CDC says. A small number of vaccine recipients have experienced adverse reactions to the shots.

Can I get the COVID-19, RSV and flu vaccines at the same time?

According to the CDC, it is safe to receive the flu vaccine and updated COVID-19 vaccines simultaneously, although you are a little more likely to experience side effects, such as a headache and fatigue. Adults 75 or older (and those 60 to 74 with certain underlying health conditions) who are encouraged to get the RSV vaccine may receive that at the same time as the others, but some health experts suggest spacing them out. If you had the RSV vaccine last year, you don’t need another one this year. Contact your health care provider for more information.

How are vaccinations working in nursing homes and long-term care facilities?

The U.S. government no longer distributes COVID-19 vaccines to long-term care facilities. That means nursing homes, assisted living facilities and other long-term care settings are responsible for coordinating COVID-19 vaccination programs for their residents and staff. Most long-term care facilities have partnerships with pharmacies or health departments to provide vaccines for flu, COVID-19 and other illnesses. Long-term care facilities that receive Medicare and/or Medicaid dollars are required by  federal law  to educate residents, their representatives and staff about COVID-19 vaccines and offer a COVID-19 vaccine to residents, resident representatives and staff.

How protected am I postvaccination?

All vaccines reduce the risk of COVID-19 infections and are highly effective at preventing severe illness and death from the disease. No vaccine is 100 percent effective, and infections can still occur postvaccination.

How can I avoid COVID-19 scams? 

Be aware that scammers often purport to offer COVID-19 vaccines and treatments and try to charge for them. The   AARP Fraud Watch Network is tracking the latest scams. Minnesota residents who believe they’ve encountered a COVID-19 scam can report it to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General by calling 800-447-8477 or by submitting a complaint online . Editor's note: This guide was last published Oct. 6, 2023, and has been updated with new information. Maura Kelly Lannan is a writer, editor and producer for AARP who covers federal and state policy. She has worked as a reporter for the Associated Press, the Chicago Tribune and the Waterbury, Connecticut, Republican-American . She also has written for Bloomberg Government, The Boston Globe and other publications.

Also of Interest:

• 7 Things to Know About the New COVID-19 Vaccines
• What to Know About New COVID-19 Variants
• What Older Adults Should Know About COVID-19

This story is provided by AARP Minnesota. Visit the AARP Minnesota page for more news, events, and programs affecting retirement, health care, and more.

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Mpox vaccine efficacy estimated at 80%

A new study of the Jynneos two-dose mpox vaccine shows it was 80% effective in preventing infection among recipients in the United Kingdom in 2023, according to research published yesterday in Emerging Infectious Diseases. Of note, no one who was vaccinated was hospitalized with the viral disease.  

By 2023, the peak of mpox activity primarily among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United Kingdom had passed, with only 137 cases reported during the year. Cases were recorded through the UK Health Security Agency, as mpox is a notifiable disease in the country.

To examine efficacy of the vaccine against infection mostly among MSM, the authors estimated the proportion of MSM vaccinated by matching each case to the one- and two-dose coverage at the time, 2 weeks before the men contracting mpox, then averaging the matched coverage across cases.  

One-dose protection 84%

Of the 137 case-patients, 47% reported no travel outside the United Kingdom in the 21 days before symptom onset, indicating likely acquisition in the United Kingdom. Most case-patients identified as MSM (78%), the authors said, though another 21 were adult men without recorded information about sexual orientation and no travel to mpox-endemic countries. Nine case-patients were excluded from the final analysis, 8 of whom linked to an mpox-endemic country.

Vaccine efficacy (VE) of one dose of Jynneos was estimated at 84% (95% confidence interval [CI], 74% to 91%) and the VE after dose two was 80% (95% CI, 69% to 83%).

Our finding is corroborated by a global case series that found illness among vaccinated persons to be less severe.

"Among known vaccinated case-patients in 2023, none were hospitalized. Of 11 (9%) persons who required hospital treatment for mpox, 9 were unvaccinated and vaccination status was unknown for 2," the authors said. "Our finding is corroborated by a global case series that found illness among vaccinated persons to be less severe."

CDC snapshot details Oropouche virus infection in 21 travelers to Cuba

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state partners from Florida and New York yesterday reported their clinical findings on 21 imported Oropouche virus cases reported this summer. The team's early online report appears in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report  ( MMWR ).

The disease, spread by biting midges and perhaps some mosquito species, has been spreading beyond endemic areas of South America since the end of 2023, fueling outbreaks and reports of severe fetal outcomes following infection during pregnancy. Earlier this month, the CDC issued Oropouche virus alerts for clinicians and travelers .

Of the 21 cases confirmed in the United States, 20 were in Florida and 1 in New York state. All of the patients had traveled to Cuba. Three people were hospitalized, but no deaths were reported. Similar imported cases have been reported in European travelers.

Cases continue to rise in Florida, which has now reported 30 imported Oropouche cases, according to the latest vectorborne illness report from the Florida Department of Health.

Relapsing symptoms a unique Oropouche feature

Most patients had a self-limiting febrile illness with headache and muscle aches, a clinical picture that is similar to other arboviral disease, including dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. Some Oropouche patients reported gastrointestinal symptoms.

At least three patients, however, sought care when they had relapsing symptoms, which the authors said is a unique feature of Oropouche virus infection. 

The CDC said the risk for sustained local transmission is low, and it urged people who have been in Oropouche-affected areas, including those experiencing symptoms, to take steps to avoid insect bites for 3 weeks after returning home. 

Studies are under way to see of US biting midge and mosquito species are capable of carrying the virus, and the CDC said it working with the Pan American Health Organization and other partners to learn more about infection risks during pregnancy.

Novel scoring tool linked to reduced urinary antibiotic prescribing

Implementation of a novel scoring tool for urine culturing was associated with a more than 30% reduction in urinary antibiotic prescribing at a rehabilitation facility for long-term care (LTC) patients in Canada, researchers reported today in Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology.

The aptly named BLADDER score was developed by clinicians at a 134-bed complex-continuing-care and rehabilitation facility in Ontario to promote more appropriate urine culturing in non-catheterized patients with presumed urinary tract infections (UTIs). Each of the letters in the score represents a possible symptom representative of UTI (B, blood in urine; L, loss of urinary control or incontinence; A, abdominal or flank pain; D, dysuria or pain on urination; E, elevated temperature or fever; R, repeated urination or frequency), with 1 point given for each letter in the algorithm; a score below 2 suggests careful monitoring of patient symptoms rather than a urine culture.

To evaluate the impact of the scoring tool, researchers compared urine culturing, urinary antibiotic use and length of stay (LOS), acute-care transfers, and mortality 18 months before and 16 months after the intervention.

32% decline in urinary antibiotic prescribing

Before the intervention, the mean rate of urine culturing was 12.47 cultures per 1,000 patient-days; after the intervention, the rate was 7.92 cultures per 1,000 patient-days (incidence rate ratio (IRR), 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67 to 1.12). Although the decline in urine culturing was not considered statistically significant, urinary antibiotic use declined significantly after the intervention, from a mean of 40.55 defined daily doses (DDD) per 1,000 patient-days before to 25.96 DDD per 1,000 patient-days after the intervention (IRR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.79). There was no change in mean patient LOS, acute-care transfers, or mortality.

"The implementation of a scoring tool may be a useful adjunct to further explore in addition to other diagnostic stewardship strategies in hospitalized and LTC patients," the study authors wrote. "Such a tool may be particularly useful as part of electronic health records as a trigger to consider more judicious culturing practices."

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Health experts encourage people to get new COVID-19 vaccine

The Food and Drug Administration says updated COVID vaccines that were just approved should be available within days. The new shots are designed to more closely target recent virus strains. Based on recent COVID numbers in Minnesota, local health experts are reminding folks that getting the updated COVID shot is just as important. “This is actual warp speed getting a new vaccine compared to anything we had in the past,” said Frank Rhame, an infectious disease physician with Allina Health. Rhame says everyone is a bit surprised by the recent spike in COVID cases.

“Fall of last year, we were expecting there’d be a summer lull and a fall peak but here it’s been increasing over the summer,” Rhame said. According to the University of Minnesota chart tracking wastewater treatment plants, it shows COVID-19 virus levels found in plants statewide have been on the rise since late June. Additionally, the Minnesota Department of Health adds that COVID hospitalizations are up, especially among older people. “We are experiencing a summer surge,” said Dr. Ruth Lynfield, state epidemiologist with the Minnesota Department of Health. Lynfield says her office hasn’t received confirmation of when the new COVID vaccines are making it here. “We know people are working really hard to get it out into pharmacies and doctor’s offices,” Lynfield said. Lynfield says even if you received shots early during the pandemic, the CDC recommends everyone six months and older get the updated one. “The immunity does decrease over time and so we want people to know that with this new formulation, they have the opportunity to boost their immunity,” Lynfield said. “Getting revaccinated is terribly important,” Rhame added. While many wait for the updated COVID shots, both local health experts say influenza numbers are not that high right now, so it’s okay to wait and get the Flu and COVID vaccines at the same time. “It won’t be too long before people will be able to get both at the same time, that’s what’s desirable,” Rhame said. “It’s a good idea to get vaccinated, it does provide good protection against severe disease,” Lynfield said. This all comes as the federal government plans to restart its free at-home COVID test program that provides those over-the-counter tests at no charge.

It’s expected to reopen in September. 

New COVID vaccines are here. What to know about the latest shots as summer surge continues

As the nation’s biggest summer COVID surge continues— test positivity was projected to be 17% the week ended Aug. 24—help is on the way. The 2024–25 coronavirus vaccines, initially anticipated this fall, are now hitting U.S. clinics, hospitals, pharmacies, and other health care providers.

Back in June, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended everyone ages 6 months and older get an updated vaccine as soon as they became available “later this year.” Last year’s 2023–24 vaccines launched in mid-September, and the public had been expecting the 2024–25 version around the same time this year. Citing skyrocketing disease spread , however, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) last week announced it had okayed the vaccines early .

Manufacturers of the two approved COVID vaccines, Pfizer and Moderna , said Aug. 22 that their respective immunizations would be widely available in the days immediately following the FDA’s backing.

In considering vaccination for you and your loved ones, keep in mind the protection you’ll be providing your community, says Dr. Robert Hopkins Jr. , medical director of the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases .

“Remember that when you get vaccinated, not only do you give yourself a vaccine that’s going to reduce your risk—short-term for infection, longer-term for severe infection—you’re contributing to a community,” Hopkins tells Fortune . “The more people who are vaccinated, the less likely we’re going to get sustained circulation of that virus in the community . That means you’re less likely to get continued evolution of variants .

“It also means fewer people, hopefully, ending up in the hospital or potentially passing away from these viruses. So I think about vaccination for personal benefit, for family benefit, and also for community benefit.”

Who can get a new COVID vaccine?

The CDC recommends a 2024–25 vaccine for everyone 6 months and older—regardless of whether you’ve had COVID, received prior versions of the vaccine, or have never gotten a vaccine. This includes people who are pregnant or breastfeeding. However, dosage guidelines differ between adults and children:

• 1 dose of new Pfizer or Moderna vaccine
• 3 doses of new Pfizer or 2 doses of new Moderna vaccine
• 2 doses of new Pfizer vaccine
• 1 dose of new Pfizer vaccine
• 1 dose of new Moderna vaccine

Adults 65 and older, who may be at higher risk of severe COVID infection, were previously advised to get a second dose of the 2023–24 vaccine. For now, the CDC doesn’t recommend a second dose of the 2024–25 vaccine for older adults.

People with moderately to severely compromised immune systems , though, may soon resume eligibility for additional doses. While the CDC hasn’t yet updated its immunization guidelines for this population, they previously were eligible for additional doses at least two months apart. Ask your doctor if you qualify for extra doses.

I recently had COVID. Can I get the new vaccine?

Yes, but you may delay vaccination for up to three months after infection, the CDC says. While you’re less likely to become reinfected so soon after having COVID, research has shown natural immunity to level off after several months .

However, it’s okay to get vaccinated sooner than later if you or a loved one have a medical condition that puts you or them at high risk of severe infection. You may also consider getting vaccinated earlier if the virus is rapidly circulating in your area .

I just got the 2023–24 COVID vaccine. When can I get the new one?

For people 5 and older, the CDC advises postponing your 2024–25 shot until at least eight weeks after your most recent dose of a previous vaccine, including if you were immunized outside the U.S. Children 6 months to 4 years should wait three to eight weeks, depending on their vaccination history; refer to this CDC dosing chart and consult your child’s pediatrician.

If you previously received doses of COVID vaccines that aren’t FDA-approved, FDA-authorized, or prequalified or listed for emergency use by the World Health Organization, the CDC considers you unvaccinated.

Are the Pfizer and Moderna COVID vaccines the same?

Both use messenger RNA (mRNA) technology , and the CDC doesn’t recommend one vaccine over the other. Still, subtleties exist between them.

Comirnaty is the brand name of Pfizer’s FDA-approved COVID vaccine for people 12 and older. Each dose contains 30 μg of mRNA. Pfizer’s unnamed version of the vaccine for children 6 months to 11 years has been authorized for emergency use. Single pediatric doses for children 5 to 11 contain 10 μg of mRNA, while doses given in a series for children 6 months to 4 years contain 3 μg of mRNA.

Spikevax is the brand name of Moderna’s FDA-approved COVID vaccine for people 12 and older. Each dose contains 50 μg of mRNA. Moderna’s unnamed version of the vaccine for children 6 months to 11 years has been authorized for emergency use. Single pediatric doses contain 25 μg of mRNA.

All new Pfizer and Moderna vaccines target the Omicron variant KP.2 strain of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID.

Why isn’t the new Novavax vaccine available yet?

While the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are mRNA-based, the Novavax vaccine is protein-based. In short, manufacturing the latter is a more complex process, explains Dr. Michael Ben-Aderet , associate medical director of hospital epidemiology at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles. Despite being newer, the mRNA technology is also relatively swift.

“It uses mRNA, which is a blueprint for a protein, to essentially use your cells to produce the protein that will develop your immunity,” Ben-Aderet tells Fortune . “A protein vaccine is the more traditional way, where you actually give people the protein that you want them to develop immunity to.”

Taking longer to make means protein-based vaccines also take longer to get the FDA’s blessing, he says. Novavax announced last week that the agency was reviewing data in consideration of emergency use authorization for its upcoming vaccine for people 12 and older. The Novavax formula targets JN.1 , the parental lineage of KP.2.

I got the shot last year. Do I need the new COVID vaccine?

Yes, the CDC recommends staying up to date with your immunizations . Vaccine-induced immunity decreases over time, so you’re likely not as protected against the coronavirus as you were a year ago. In addition, last year’s vaccine was engineered to combat the most prevalent Omicron subvariants circulating at the time, not the ones now surging and projected to spread through the winter.

In the future, we may even need two or more booster doses per year, says Dr. Priya Sampathkumar , an infectious disease specialist at the Mayo Clinic . But for now, she anticipates the new vaccines will curb the current wave.

“It’s really important that we all get vaccinated prior to cooler weather,” she tells Fortune . “We’ll be moving indoors, [where] there’s a higher risk of transmission.”

Hopkins acknowledges that people may have become apathetic about COVID vaccination more than four years after the virus’s arrival. Yet updated immunization is critical to managing disease spread and severity.

“We had pretty reasonable uptake of the initial round of vaccine. When the bivalent vaccine came out, we saw a drop-off in uptake of that, and a drop-off again in the 2023–24 vaccine,” Hopkins says. “Where that’s left us is that we’ve continued to see thousands of hospitalizations every year due to COVID-19. We’ve continued to see thousands of deaths every year due to COVID-19.

“The absolute numbers have come down from the first year of the pandemic, but it’s still having a major impact on our society.”

Can you get COVID from the vaccine?

No. Any post-immunization malaise you may feel is your immune system kicking into gear, Sampathkumar explains.

“It’s technically impossible for the vaccines to [give you COVID],” she says. “What you’re feeling is evidence that the body is responding appropriately…you should welcome that.”

Because younger people have more robust immune systems, they may experience a stronger reaction, she says. In addition, the severity of your reaction should decrease over time. For example, you may not have much of a reaction to your annual flu shot if you’ve been getting it your whole life, but you may have felt poorly after your first COVID shot because it was foreign to your body.

Ben-Aderet adds that COVID vaccines don’t contain virus particles, let alone live virus: “All they have in them is a small fragment of mRNA, so there is just no way that that could lead to an infection.”

Can I get the COVID and flu shots at the same time?

Yes, per the CDC. Sampathkumar adds, “It’s absolutely fine getting multiple vaccines at the same visit. It does not decrease your response to any of the vaccines you get.”

Can I still get COVID if I’m vaccinated?

Yes. No vaccine is 100% effective—especially given SARS-CoV-2’s penchant for mutation—and getting immunized doesn’t guarantee you won’t get COVID. Rather, the vaccine’s job is to keep you as healthy as possible if you do become infected, helping prevent severe disease, hospitalization, and death.

Does insurance cover the new COVID vaccine?

The vaccine is free to most U.S. adults through their private health insurance , Medicare , and Medicaid plans, according to the CDC. Children 18 or younger may be eligible for free immunization through the CDC’s Vaccines for Children Program .

The 25 million to 30 million adults nationwide without insurance or whose insurance doesn’t cover all vaccine costs had been offered free COVID immunization through the federal Bridge Access Program , but the initiative was slated to end on an unspecified date this month. CDC Director Mandy Cohen said in a briefing last week , however, that the agency had earmarked an additional $62 million that would allow state and local immunization programs to purchase vaccines for uninsured and underinsured patients.

“I would encourage folks to be reaching out to their local public health departments, their state public health departments,” Cohen said. “Their federally qualified health centers as well, those are opportunities.”

Where can I get the new COVID vaccine?

• Retail pharmacies
• Independent pharmacies
• State or local health departments
• Federally qualified health centers
• Urgent care centers
• Doctor’s offices
• Travel clinics

Visit Vaccines.gov to find a location near you. You can also call 800-232-0233 or text your ZIP code to 438829 .

Do I still need a COVID vaccination card?

If you received your initial COVID vaccine doses when they first became widely available in 2021, you may have a CDC-issued paper vaccination card . They were once such a hot commodity that retailers offered deals to customers who brandished them and criminals were caught selling fake ones .

The CDC no longer issues these cards, so no need to worry about losing yours or having to bring it to your next vaccination. You may request a paper or digital copy of your vaccine history from your state’s Immunization Information System if you wish.

For more on COVID-19 and vaccines:

• COVID can cause mental illness —but being vaccinated helps, new study shows
• The summer COVID surge has arrived. Here’s the latest on symptoms and treatment
• Got late-summer travel plans? Here’s where COVID cases are spiking in the U.S.
• COVID can damage your vision, even if you didn’t have symptoms. Experts say to watch for these signs

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